I:-.JFORMAL LOGIC 

XII.3, Fall 1990 

An Informal Logic Bibliography 

HANS ·V. HANSEl'! University of Windsor 

Introduction 

In this bibliography I have tried to bring 
together and build on the work of others. 
In particular I have included material from 
(i) the bibliographies prepared by R. H. 
Johnson and J. A. Blair for the three Inter-
national Symposia on Informal Logic, (ii) 
Johnson and Blair (l980a), and (iii) Johnson 
and Blair (l985b). I have also incorporated 
material from (iv) Schmidt (1 986b) and (v) 
Jensen (1989). I thank: these authors for per-
mission to borrow from their work. 

Current research in informal logic is in-
formed by work in argumentation theory, 
rhetoric, speech communication, and 
critical thinking. I have included entries 
from these fields which I think will be of 
interest to informal logicians. In adding to the 
earlier bibliographies I have followed the 
journals which take an interest in these matters 
and tried to keep abreast of new publications. 
It has been possible to verify by direct 
examination only about 85 % of the entries. 

The bibliography contains well over 900 
entries. Not all ofthem have been indexed. 
Many of the entries touch on a variety of 
topics of interest to informal logicians but 

no entry has been indexed more than once. 
The index, like the bibliography itself. is 
therefore not claimed to be exhaustive. 
However,. it is hoped that the index will prove 
useful for those with specific interests. 

Infonnal Logic expects to publish an up-
date to this bibliography in a future volume. 
We welcome corrections and suggestions. 

I have had considerable help with this 
prqject. Michael F. Schmidt corrected several 
errors in an earlier version; J. Anthony Blair 
helped with the verification and the index 
as well as providing invaluable advice; 
Robert C. Pinto gave expert assistance with 
the computer programme. I am grateful for 
the help so freely given. 

In the interest of saving space the follow-
ing abbreviations are used. 

Arg. = Argumentation 
IL = Informal Logic 
ILN Informal Logic Newsletter 
JAFA = Journal of the American Forensic 

Association 
P&R = Philosophy and Rhetoric 
TP = Teaching Philosophy 

Q. = Quarterly I = Journal 

Bibliography 

Abate, Charles J. (1979). Fallaciousness and 
invalidity. P&R 12. 262-66. 

Acock, Malcolm (1985). Informal Logic Examples 
and Exercises. Belmont. CA: Wadsworth, 

Adler. Jonathan (1982). Why be charitable'? ILN 
4:2, 15-16. 

Adler. Jonathan (1984), Abstraction is uncooper-
ative, I of the Theory of Social Behaviour 14, 
165-81. 

___ (1987a). Alternatives, writing and the 
formulation of a thesis. IL 9, 57-70. 

___ (l987bj, Form, content and superstition, 
Teaching Thinking and Problem-Solving 9, 
1-10. 

___ (I 987c). On resistance to critical think-
ing. In D, N. Perkins, J, Lockheed and J. 
Bishop (eds.), Thinking: The Second Interna-
tional Conference (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence 
Erlbaum), 247-60. 



156 Adler 

Adler, Jonathan (1989), Epistemics and the total 
evidence requirement. Philosophia 19, 227-42. 

____ (1990a). Conservatism and tacit con-
firmation. Mind 99, 1-14. 

___ (l990b). Double standards, equality, 
and the right reference class. J. of Applied 
Philosophy 7, 215-27. 

Allen, Derek (1988). Inferential soundness. IL 10, 
57-65. 

____ (1990). Trudy Govier's Problems in 
Argument Analysis and Evaluation. IL 12,43-62. 

Anderson, Jerry M. and Paul J. Dovre (eds.) 
(1968). Readings in Argumentation. Boston: 
Allyn and Bacon. 

Anderson, Ray Lynn and David C. Mortensen 
(1967). Logic and marketplace argumentation. 
Quarterly J. of Speech 53, 143-51. 

Angell, Richard B. (1964). Reasoning and Logic. 
:-Jew York, NY: Appleton Century Crofts. 

Annis, David B. (1974). Techniques of Critical 
Reasoning. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill. 

and Linda Annis (1979). Does 
philosophy improve critical thinking? TP 3, 
145-52. 

Annis. Linda and David B. Annis (1984). McPeck 
on critical thinking: A reply. IL 6, 42-44. 

Apostel, Leo (1971). Assertion logic and the theory 
of argumentation. P&R 4. 92-110. 

____ (1979). What is the force of an argu-
ment? Revue International de Philosophie 33, 
99-109. 

(1982). Toward a general theory of 
argumentation. In Barth and Martens (1982), 
93-122. 

Apotheloz. Denis (1987). Logical and non-logical 
foundations of argumentation. In van Eemeren. 
Grootendorst et al. (l987 c), 407 -17. 

Arnold. Carroll C. (1986). Implications of 
Perelman's theory of argumentation. In James 
Golden and Joseph J. Pilotta (eds.), Practical 
Reasoning in Human Affairs: Studies in Honor 
of Chafm Perelman (Dordrecht: Reidel). 

____ (1987). Johnstone's 'wedge' and the 
theory of rhetoric. P&R 20, 118-128. 

Aune, Bruce (1986). Formal logic and practical 
reasoning. Theory and Decision 20, 301-20. 

Barth 

Bach. Kent (1984). Default reasoning: Jumping to 
conclusions and knowing when to think twice. 
Pacitlc Philosophical Quarterly 65, 37-58. 

Bailin, Sharon (1987). Critical and creative think-
ing. IL 9, 23-30. 

____ (1987). Moral and aesthetic argumen-
tation. In van Eeemeren and Grootendorst 
(l987b), 178-86. 

____ (1988). Achieving Extraordinary Ends: 
An Essay in Creativity. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 

___ (1989) Belief, doubt and critical thinking: 
Reconciling the contrarie~. Philosophy of 
Education: Proceedings 45, 315-19. 

Balthrop, V. William (1980). Argument as 
linguistic opportunity: A search for form and 
function. In Jack Rhodes and Sara Newell 
(eds.), Proceedings of the Summer Conference 
on Argumentation (Salt Lake City: SCA/AFA). 

Bandman, Elsie L. and Bertram Bandman ( 1988). 
Critical Thinking in Nursing. Norwalk. CT: 
Appleton and Lange. 

Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua (1964). More on the fallacy 
of composition. Afind 73, 125-6. 

Barker, Evelyn M. (1981). Everyday Reasoning. 
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 

____ (1989). Beardsley's theory of analogy. 
IL 11, 185-94. 

Barker, John A. (1976). The fallacy of begging the 
question. Dialogue 15,241-55. 

Barker, Stephen F. (1974). The Elements of Logic 
(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. 1st edi-
tion 1965. 

(1989). Reasoning by analogy in 
Hume's Dialogues. IL 11, 173-84. 

Barry. Vincent E. (1983). Good Reason for Writing. 
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 

____ and Joel Rudinow (1990). Invitation to 
Critical Thinking. New York: Holt, Rinehart 
and Winston. 1st edition 1984. 

Barry, Vincent E. and Douglas J. Soccio (1980). 
Practical Logic (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, 
Rineharr and Winston. I st edition 1976. 

Barth, E. M. (1985a). A new field of empirical 
logic: Bioprograms, logemes and logics as in-
stitutions. Synthese 63, 375-88. 

___ (I985b). Philosophical logic in the :-lether-
lands after 1940. Ruch Filozoficzny 42, 175-205. 

___ (1985c). Two-phase epistemology and 
models of dialogue logic. Philosophica 35, 69-88. 



Barth 

Barth, E. M. (1987). Logic to some purpose: 
Theses against the deductive-nomological 
paradigm in the science of logic. In van 
Eemeren, Grootendorst, et al. (l987a), 33-45. 

____ (1990). In the service of human society: 
Formal, informal or anti-logical? The phi-
losophy of the logician E. W. Beth. IL 12, 1-10. 

___ and Erik C. W. Krabbe (1982). From 
Axiom to Dialogue: A PhiIosohical Study of 
Logics and Argumentation. Berlin: Walter de 
Gruyter. 

Barth, E. M. and J. L. Martins (}977). Argumentum 
ad hominem: From chaos to formal dialectic. 
Logiquc et Analyse 20, 76-96. 

___ -(982). Argumentation: Approaches to 
Theory Formation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 

Basu, Dilip K. (1986). A question of begging. IL 
8, 19-26. 

Bator, Paul G. (1988). The 'good reasons' move-
ment: A confounding of dialectic and rhetoric? 
P&R 21. 38-47. 

Battersby, Mark E. (1989). Critical thinking as 
applied epistemology. IL II, 91-99. 

Beardsley, Monroe C. (1950). Practical Logic. 
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 

____ (1975). Thinking Straight: Principles 
of Reasoning for Readers and Writers (4th ed.). 
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 2nd edi-
tion 1956. 

(1981). Logic and rhetoric. TP 4, 
249-60. 

Belnap, Nuel D, Ir. (1981). Logica Docens and 
relevance. TP 4,419-27. 

Bendegem, Jean Paul van (1985). Dialogue logic 
and problem solving. Philosophica 25, 113-34. 

Benoit, Pamela J. (1983). Extended arguments in 
children's discourse. lAFA 20, 72-89. 

___ (1989). Relationship arguments: An 
interactionist elaboration of speech acts. Arg. 
3, 423-37. 

Benoit, William L. (1987). Argumentation and 
credibility appeals in persuasion. Southern 
Speech Communication 1. 52, 181-97. 

____ and Vincent F. Follert (1986). Graduate 
courses in argumentation theory. Comnlllnica-
lion Education 35, 61-66. 

Bcrg, Jonathan (1987). interpreting arguments. IL 
9, 13-20. See also 9.2&3, Errata, 152. 

Blair 157 

Bernstein, David (1990). A problem solving 
interpretation of argument analysis. IL 12,79-85. 

Berriman, William (1980), Review of Giere's 
Understanding Scientific Reasoning, ILN 2:2, 
15-17. 

Beyer. Barry K. (1987). Practical Strategies forthe 
Teaching of Thinking. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 

Bickenbach, Jerome E. (1979). Justifying deduc-
tion. Dialogue 18, 500-16. 

___ (1982). The diversity of proof. ILN 4:2, 
7-12. 

___ (1990). The 'artificial reason' of the 
law. IL 12, 23-32. 

Billig, Michael (1987) Arguing and Thinking: A 
Rhecorical Approach to Social Psychology. 
Cambridge; Cambridge University Press. 

Binker, A. J. A. and Marla Charbonneau (1983). 
Piagetian insights and teaching critical think-
ing. ILN 5:2, 10-15. 

Binkley, Robert W. (1980). Can the ability to 
reason well be taught? in Blair and Johnson 
(1980),79-92. 

____ (1981). A system ofrational appraisal. 
ILN 4: L 7-10. 

Biro, J. I. (1977). Rescuing 'begging the question'. 
Metaphilosophy 8, 257-71. 

___ (1984). Knowability, believability and 
begging the question: A reply to Sanford. 
Metaphilosophy 15, 239-247. 

____ (1987). A sketch of an epistemic theory 
of fallacies. In van Eemeren, Grootendorst et 
al. (l987b), 65-73. 

Black, Max (1949). Vagueness: An exercise in 
logical analysis. In Language and Philosophy 
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), chap!. 2. 

___ (1955). Critical Thinking. New York: 
Prentice-Hall. I st edition 1946. 

____ (1963). Reasoning with loose concepts. 
Dialogue 2, 1-12. 

Blair, J. Anthony (1984). Teaching argument in 
critical thinking. The Community College 
Humanities Review 5, 19-30. 

____ (1985). Some challenges for critical 
thinking. In Hoaglund (1985), 69-82. 

(1986a). Comments on Frans van 
Eemeren: 'Dialectical analysis as a normative 
reconstruction of argumcntative discourse'. 
Text 6. 17-24. 



158 Blair 

Blair, J. Anthony (l986b). The Keegstra affair: A 
test case for critical thinking. The History and 
Social Science Teacher 21, 158-64. 

(1987a). Recent developments in 
critical thinking in anglophone North America. 
Thinking 7,2-11. 

____ (l987b). Argumentation, inquiry and 
speech act theory. In van Eemeren, Grooten-
dorst et al. (1987a), 189-99. 

____ {I 987c). Critical thinking perspectives: 
Recent developments in anglophone North 
America. Thinking 7, 2-6. 

____ (I 987d). Everyday argumentation from 
an informal logic perspective. In Wenzel 
(1987a). 177-83. 

____ (1988a). Argumentation and informal 
fallacies. In Venant Cauchy (ed.), Philosophie 
et Culture. 5 (Montreal: Editions Montmoren-
cy),381-84. 

____ (l988b). Current issues in informal 
logic and critical thinking. In A. Fisher (1988a), 
15-29. 

____ (1988c). Teaching informal logic using 
LogicaJ Self-Defense. In Fisher (1988a), 60-64. 

, ___ (1988d). What is bias') In Govier 
(I988c). 93-103. 

(\989). Premise relevance. In Maier 
(1989), 67-84. 

____ (1990). Fallacies in everyday argument. 
In Trapp et al. (1990), 121-33. 

Blair, J. Anthony and Ralph H. Johnson (eds.) 
(1980). Informal Logic: The First International 
Symposium. Inverness, CA: Edgepress. 

__ .. __ (1987 a). Argumentation as dialectical. 
Arg. 1. 41-56. 

____ (1987b). The current state of informal 
logic and critical thinking. IL 9, 147-51. 

____ (1989). Informal logic: A thematic 
account. In Maimon (1989),93-110. 

Blythin, Evan (1979). Arguers as lovers: A dialec-
tical perspective. P&R 12, 176-86. 

Bomstad, Linda and Perry Weddle (1989). North 
American perspectives on teaching critical 
thinking: A general bibliography. Arg. 3.237-42. 

Bouchard. Guy (1981). L'antimodele platonicien 
de la nouvelle rhetorique. Canadian J. of 
Philosophy 11. 693-711. 

Brockriede 

Bowles, George (1989a). Favorable relevance and 
arguments. IL 11, 11-17. 

(1989b). Professor Kasachkoff on 
explaining and justifying. IL 11, 107-10. 

____ (1990). Propositional relevance.IL 12, 
65-77. 

Boylan. Michael (1988). The Process of Argument. 
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 

Braaten, Jane (1987). Rational consensual pro-
cedure: Argumentation or weighted inquiry. 
Synthese 71,347-54. 

Bradie, Michael and Kenneth Sayre (eds.) (1981). 
Reasons and Decision. 3. Bowling Green: 
Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy. 

Brandon, E. P. (1983). Argument Analysis. 
Kingston, Jamaica: University of West Indies. 

__ ~ (1986). Ellipsis. IL 8, 93-103. 

____ (\987). Deductive reasoning ability, 
error, and education. In van Eemeren and 
Grootendorst et a1. (1987c), 155-61. 

Brinton, Alan (1981). Logic and the liberal arts 
curriculum. Liberal Education 67, 254-60. 

_____ ~_ (1985). A rhetorical view of the ad 
hominem. Australasian J. of Philosophy 63. 
50-63. 

____ (1986). Ethotic arguments. History of 
Philosophy Q. 3, 245-58. 

____ (1987). Ethotetic arguments: Some uses. 
In van Eemeren, Grootendorst et al. (J987c), 
246-54. 

___ (1988a). Appeal to the angry emotions. 
IL 10,77-87. 

____ (l988b). Pathos and the 'appeal to emo-
tion': An Aristotelian analysis. History of 
Philosophy Q. 5,207-19. 

Broad, C. D. (1950). Some common fallacies in 
political thinking. Philosophy 25, 99-113. 

Brockriede, Wayne (1960). Toulmin on argument: 
An examination and aplication. Quarterly 1. of 
Speech 46, 44-53. 

____ (1972). Arguers as lovers. P&R 5, 
1-11. 

____ (1975). Where is argument? JAFA. 11. 
179-82. 

____ (1977). Characteristics of arguments 
and arguing. JAFA 13, 129-32. 



Brockriede 

Brockriede, Wayne (1985). Constructs, experience 
and argument. Quarterly J. of Speech 71, 
151-63. 

Brod, Harry (1982). Logic as politics. TP 5, 
211-19. 

Brown, Robert (1970). The burden of proof. 
American Philosphical Q. 7, 74-82. 

Brown, William R. (1987). The holographic view 
of argument. Arg. 1, 89-102. 

___ (1989). Two traditions of analogy. IL 
11, 161-172. 

Browne, M. Neil and Stuart M. Keeley (1986). 
Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical 
Thinking (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 
Prentice-Hall. 1st edition 1981. 

Broyles, James E. (1975). The fallacies of com-
position and division. P&R 8, 108-13. 

Bruner, Michael S. (1983). Argument from a 
pragmatic perspective. JAFA 20, 90-97. 

Brutian, Georg (1984). Argumentation. Yerevan. 

Burbidge, John (1990). Within Reason: A Guide 
to Non-Deductive Reasoning. Peterborough, 
Ont.: Broadview. 

Burke, Michael (1985). Unstated premises. IL 7, 
107-18. 

Burke, Richard J. (1984). A rhetorical conception 
of rationality. IL 6, 17-25. 

Burleson, Brant R. (1979). On the analysis and 
criticisms of arguments: Some theoretical and 
methodological consideratons. JAFA 15, 137-47. 

Campbell, Stephen K. (1974). Flaws and Fallacies 
in Statistical Thinking. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 
Prentice-Hall. 

Capaldi, Nicholas (1973). The Art of Deception. 
Buffalo: Prometheus Books. Published by D. 
W. Brown, .r\ew York. 1971. 

Carey, Stephen H. (1988). Upsetters. IL 10,97-103. 

Carlson, Laurie (1983). Dialogue Games: An 
Approach to Discourse Analysis. Dordrecht: 
Reidel. 

Carney, James D. and Richard K. Scheer (1980). 
Fundamentals of Logic (3rd ed.) . .r\ew York: 
Macmillan. 15t edition 1964. 

Carroll, Robert T. (1983). A comment on fallacies 
and argument analysis. ILN 5:2, 22-23. 

Copi 159 

Carson, A. S. (1980). Review of Scriven's Reason-
ing. ILN 2:2, 17-19. 

Castaneda, Hector .r\eri (1960). On a proposed 
revolution in logic. Philosophy of Science 27, 
279-92. 

Cederblom, Jerry and David Paulsen (1988). Making 
reasonable decisions as an amateur in a world 
of experts. In Govier (1988c), 138-49. 

___ (1991). Critical Reasoning (3rd ed.). 
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. 1st 
edition 1982. 

Chaffee, John (1985). Thinking Critically. Boston: 
Houghton Mifflin. 

Champaud, Christian and Dominique Bassano 
(1987). Argumentation and child development: 
A general bibliography. Arg. 1, 201-07. 

Church, Russell T. (1979). A bibliography of 
argumentation and debate for 1975-76. JAFA 
15, 228-43. 

and David C. Buckley (1983). 
Argumentation and debating propositions of 
value: A bibliography. JAFA 19, 239-50. 

Cizek, F. (1974). The problem of fallacies. Teorie 
A Metoda 6, 101-15. 

Clemens, [}dvid (1985). Technoethics. IL 7,163-65. 

Cohen, L. Jonathan (1982). Are people programmed 
to commit fallacies? J. for the Theory of Social 
Behaviour 12, 251-74. 

Cohen, Maurice (1977). Contextual analysis: An 
approach to the study of philosophic arguments. 
Metaphilosophy 8, 3-20. 

Cole, Richard (1965). A note on informal fallacies. 
Mind 74, 432-33. 

Colwell, Gary (1989). God, the Bible and circulari-
ty. IL 11,61-73. 

Conklin, Forrest (1968). A bibliography of argu-
mentation and debate for 1967. JAFA 5, 85-94. 

___ (1970). A bibliography of argumenta-
tion and debate for 1969. JAFA 7, 134-58, 

___ (1971). A bibliography of argumenta-
tion and debate for 1970. JAFA 8, 81-104. 

Conley, Thomas M. (1984). The enthymeme in 
perspective. Quarterly J. of Speech 70,168-87. 

Cooley. J. C. (\959). On Mr. Toulmin's revolu-
tion in logic. J. of Philosophy 56,297-319. 

Copi, Irving M. (1986). Informal Logic. New 
York: Macmillan. 



160 Copi 

Copi, Irving M. and Carl Cohen (1990). 
Introduction to Logic (8th. ed.). New York: 
Macmillan. 1st edition 1953. 

Corcoran, John (1989). Argumentations and logic. 
Arg. 3, 17-43. 

Corgan, Verna C. (1987). Perelman's universal au-
dience as critical tool. JAFA 23, 147-57. 

Corliss, Richard (1972). A theory of contextual 
implication. P&R 5, 215-30. 

Costa, Arthur and Lawrence F. Lowery (1989). 
Techniques for Teaching Thinking. Pacific 
Grove, CA: Midwest Publications. 

Couch, Dan (1981). Improving reasoning skills. 
Thinking 3, 38-9. 

Covey, Preston (1981 a). Formal logic and 
philosophic analysis. TP 4, 277-302. 

___ (198Ib). Logic and liberal learning: 
Some salient issues. TP 4, 207-30. 

Cowan, Joseph L. (1964). The Uses of 
Argument-an apology for logic. Mind 73,27-45. 

___ (1969). The gambler's fallacy. Philosophy 
and Phenomenological Research 30, 238-51. 

Cox, J. Robert, Malcolm Sillars and Gregg B. 
Walker (eds.) (1985). Argument and Social 
Practice: Proceedings of the Fourth SCA!.4FA 
Conference on Argumentation. Annandale, 
VA: Speech Communication Association. 

Cox, J. Robert and Charles Willard (eds.) (1982). 
Advances in Argumentation Theory and 
Research. Carbondale: Southern Illinois 
University Press. 

Crable, Richard E. (l976a) Argumentation as 
Communication: Reasoning With Receivers. 
Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill. 

Crable. Richard E. (1976b). Models of argumenta-
tion and judicial judgment. JAf:4 12, 113-20. 

Cragan, John F. and Craig W. Cutbirth (1984). 
A revisionist perspective on political ad 
hominem argument: A case study. Central 
States Speech J. 35, 228-237. 

Crimmel, Henry H. (1980). Logic as a liberal art. 
Liberal Education 66, 377-81. 

____ . (1981). A reply to Professor Brinton. 
Liberal Education 67, 261-62. 

Crossley. David J. and Peter A. Wilson (1979). 
How to Argue: An Introduction to Logical 
Thinking. New York: Random House. 

Eemeren 

Cureton, Robert D. (1973). A bibliography for 
argumentation and debate for 1973. JAFA 13. 
197-206. 

d' Angelo, Edward (1974). The concept of critical 
thinking. Revolutionary World 9, 49-55. 

Darner, T. Edward (1987). Attacking Faulty 
Reasoning (2nd ed.). Belmont. CA: 
Wadsworth. 1st edition 1980. 

Damme, F. van (1984). Towards more natural 
dialogue logics as a more natural dialogue 
system. Logique et analyse 116, 409-19. 

Davson-Galle, Peter (1989) Interpreting arguments 
and judging issues. IL 11, 41-45. 

Dayton, Eric B. (1981). Persuasive arguments and 
disagreements of principle. Canadian 1. of 
Philosophy 11, 741-49. 

Dewey, John (1982). Logic: The Theory of 
Inquiry. New York: Holt, Rinehart and 
Winston. Reproduction of 1938 edition publish-
ed by Irivington, NY. 

Dolan, John M. (1988). Consent as a commodity. 
IL 10, 177-94. Review of Herman and Chom-
sky's Manufacturing Consent. 

Donn, Mike (1990) Help in finding missing 
premises. TP 13, 159-64. 

Doss, Seale (1985). Three steps towards a theory 
of informal logic. IL 7, 127-135. 

(1987). Elementary Logic for 
Philosophy Students. Ripon. WI: Ripon 
College Press. 

____ (1989). Who needs a theory of informal 
logic? IL 11, 111-18. 

Eemeren, Frans H. van (1986). Dialectical analysis 
as normative reconstruction of argumentative 
discourse. Text 6, 1-16. 

____ (1987a). Argumentation studies' five 
estates. In Wenzel et al. (1987a), 9-24. 

____ (l987b). For reasons sake: Maximal 
argumentative analysis of discourse. In van 
Eemeren, Grootendorst, et al. (1987a), 201-15. 

___ (1988). Argumentation analysis: A 
Dutch counter-balance. In Fisher (1988a), 39-53. 

Eemeren. Frans H. van and Rob Grootendorst 
(1982a). The speech acts of arguing and con-
vincing in externalized discussions. J. of 
Pragmatics 6. 1-24. 

____ (l982b). Unexpressed premises: Part 
1. JAFA 19,97-106. 



Eemeren 

Eemeren, Frans H. van and Rob Grootendorst 
(1983). Unexpressed premises: Part II. JAFA 
19,215-25. 

____ (1984). Speech Acts in Argumentative 
Discussion. Dordrecht: Foris. 

____ (1987a). Fallacies in pragma-dialectical 
per"pective. Arg. 1,283-301. 

(l987b). Teaching argumentation 
analysis and critical thinking in the Netherlands. 
IL 9, 57-69. 

(1988a). Rationale for a pragma-
dialectical perspective. Arg. 2, 271-91. 

___ (l988b). Rules for argumentation in 
dialogues. Arg. 2, 499-510. 

____ (1989a). A pragma-dialectical perspec-
tive on norms. In Maier (1989), 97-112. 

___ (l989b). A transition stage in the theory 
of fallacies. J. of Pragmatics 13, 99-109. 

____ (l989c). Speech act conditions as tools 
for reconstructing argumentative discourse. 
Arg. 3, 367-83. 

____ (I989d). Writing argumentative texts. 
From analysis to presentation: A pragma-
dialectical appoach. In Gronbeck 1987, 324-30. 

Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst. 1. 
Anthony Blair and Charles Willard (1987a). 
Argumentation: Across the Lines of Discipline. 
Dordrecht: Foris. 

_. __ (l987b). Argumentation: Analysis and 
Practices. Dordrecht: Foris. 

____ (1987c). Argumentation: Perspectives 
and Approaches. Dordrecht: Foris. 

Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst and 
Bert Meuffels (1989). The skill of identifying 
argumentation. JAFA 25. 239-45. 

Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst and 
Tjark Kruiger (1984). The Study of Argumen-
tation. New York: Irvington. 

____ (1987). Handbook of Argumentation 
Theory: A Critical Survey of Classical Back-
grounds and Modem Studies. Dordrecht: Foris. 

Eemeren, Frans H. van and Tjark Kruiger (1987). 
Identitying argument schemes. In van Eemeren, 
Grootendorst et al. (1987e), 70-81 

Ehninger, Douglas (1970). Argument as method: 
Its nature, its limitations, and its uses. Com-
munication Studies 37. 101-10. 

Ennis 161 

___ (1974). Influence. Belief, and Argument, 
An Introduction to Reponsible Persuasion. 
Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Co. 

(1980). Toward a taxonomy of 
prescriptive discourse. In Eugene White (ed.), 
Rhetoric in Transition (University Park, PA: 
Stage University Press). 

Eisenberg, Ann R. (1987). Learning to argue with 
parents and peers. Arg. 1, 113-25. 

Engel, S. Morris (1980). AnaJyzing Informal 
Fallacies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 

___ (1984). The Language Trap, or How 
to Defend Yourself Against the Tyranny of 
Words. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 

(1985). With Good Reason: An 
Introduction to Informal Fallacies (3rd ed.). 
New York: St. Martin's. 1st edition 1976. 

(I 986a). Explaining equivocation. 
l'vfetaphilosophy 17, 192-99. 

____ (1986b). Fallacy, wit and madness. 
P&R 19, 224-241. 

(l986c). Wittgenstein's theory of 
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Engelbretsen, George (1973). Review of 
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____ (1987). The rhetoric of appeal and the 
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Zarefsky, David (1981). Review of Blair and 
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___ , Malcolm O. Sillars and Jack Rhodes 
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Ziegelmueller, George W. (1975). Argumentation: 
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___ and Jack Rhodes (eds.) (1981). Dimen-
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Index to the Bibliography 

Ad hominem and tu quoque arguments: 

E Barth, Martins 1977; A Brinton 1985; J Cragan, 
Cutbirth 1984; M Finocchiaro 1974; D Gerber 
1974; D Gerber 1977; T Govier 1981c; T Govier 
1983a; T Govier 1988d; L Hinman 1982; J 
Hoaglund 1983; G Jason 1984; H Johnstone, Jr. 
1952; H Johnstone, Jr. 1970; P Mackenzie 1981; 
W Minot 1981; R Parker 1984; M Remland 1982; 
D Riepe 1966; P Suber 1990; D Walton 1985a; 
D Walton 1987b; J Woods, Walton 1976b; J 
Woods, Walton 1977a. 

Ad verecundiam. arguments from authority: 

W Benoit 1987; J Cederblom, Paulsen 1988; R 
Ennis 1974; J Hardwig 1988; J Mackenzie 1988a; 
D Walton 1989d; C Willard 1990a; J Woods, 
Walton 1979c; M Wreen 1987b; G Young 1974. 

'Ad' fallacies other than ad hominem and 
ad verecundiam: 

G Jason 1987; C Kie1kopf 1980; J McMurtry 1986; 
D Vate, Jr. 1975a; D Vate. Jr. 1975b; D Walton 
1980c; J Woods 1987a; J Woods, Walton 1974a; 
J Woods, Walton I 976a; M Wreen 1988a; M 
Wreen 1988b; M Wreen 1989; G Yoos 1975. 

All fallacies other than 'ad' fallacies and 
begging the question: 

Y Bar-Hillel 1964; A Brinton 1988a; J Broyles 
1975; J Cowan 1969; S Engel 1986a; F Fair 1973; 
L Feuer 1983; H Gelber 1987; T Goudge 1961; 
T Govier 1982a; L Groarke 1982; N Hanson 1967; 
D Jacquette 1989; G Jason 1988; C Kirwan 1979; 
L Kleiman 1970; T Lavine 1962; T Leddy 1986; 
J Mackenzie 1988b; J McMurtry 1988; J Pashman 
1970; J Pashman 1971; N Pole 1981; N Rescher 
1987; R Robinson 1971a; D Rohatyn 1988: W 
Rowe 1962; G Schedler 1980; M Scriven 1987b; 
T Smiley 1983; R Sorensen 1989; D Walton 1980a; 
D Walton 1981a; S Weiss 1976; D White 1985; 

J Wolfe 1986; J Woods, Walton 1977b; J Woods. 
Walton 1977d; J Woods, Walton 1978b; J Woods, 
Walton 1979b. 

Analogical arguments: 

E Barker 1989; S Barker 1989; W Brown 1989; 
T Govier 1985; T Govier 1989a; F Johnson 1989; 
J Measell 1985; W Saksteder 1974; W Saksteder 
1979; W Shaw, Ashley 1983; R Shiner 1988; J 
Weitzenfeld 1984; J Woods, Hudak 1989. 

Argument evaluation: 

R Binkley 1981; M Black 1949; B Burleson 1979; 
S Campbell 1974; D Fischer 1970; T Govier 
1980b; T Govier 1981a; W Grennan 1986; W 
Griffith 1975; G Iseminger 1974; R Johnson 
1990a; R Johnson, Blair 1989; H Johnstone, Jr. 
1983; H Kahane 1984; K Kellerman 1980; A 
Kruger 1975; G Massey 1975; G :Massey 1975; 
E Maxwell 1959; A Michalos 1980; D Moberg 
1982; D O'Keefe 1985; R Rowland 1985; Z Seech 
1981; P Thagard 1982; M Wreen 1987a. 

Argument interpretation, the principle of 
charity: 

J Adler 1982; J Berg 1987; P Davson-Galle 1989; 
RFogelin 1983; CGauker 1986; TGovier 1981b; 
N Griffin 1981a; M Gutteridge 1987; D Hample 
1977; D Hample, Dallinger 1987; A Hayward 
1986; P Healy 1987; J Hoaglund 1986b; J 
Hoaglund 1986c; S Jackson, Jacobs, Burrell, Allen 
1986; R Johnson 1981a; R Johnson 1981b; R 
Johnson 1981c; R Johnson 1982; C Kneupper 
1978; R Manning 1983a: R Marlin 1984; J May 
1981; A Morton 1988; P Pecorino 1985; D Rothbart 
1983: T Schwartz 1983; C Tindale, Gough 1987: 
E Vedung 1983; A Verbiest 1989; A Weston 1982; 
C Willard 1976; H Wohlrapp 1987. 

Argumentation theory: 

J Anderson, Dovre 1968; L Apostel 1971; L 



182 Index 

Apostel1982; D Apotheloz 1987; C Arnold 1986; 
E Barth, Martins 1982; P Benoit 1989; J Blair 
1987b; J Braaten 1987; W Brockriede 1972; G Brutian 
1984; J Corcoran 1989; V Corgan 1987; R Crable 
1976b; F Eemeren 1986; F Eemeren 1987a; F 
Eemeren 1987b; F Eemeren 1988; F Eemeren, 
Grootendorst 1982a; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 
1984; F Eemeren, GroOiendorst 1988a; F Eemeren, 
Grootendorst 1989a; F Eemeren, GroOiendorst, 
Kruiger 1984; F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Kruiger 
1987; F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Blair, Willard 
1987a; F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Blair, Willard 
1987b; F Eemeren, Grootendorst , Blair, Willard 
1987c; D Ehninger 1980; E Feteris 1990; M 
Finocchiaro 1987a; S Fuller, Willard 1987; 
J Furlong 1987; G Goodnight 1989; T Govier 
1987b; D Hample 1988; J Hintikka 1989; 
S Jackson 1985; S Jackson 1989; S Jacobs 1989; 
S Jacobs 1989; J Klumpp, Brook, Chesebro, 
Cragan 1974; C Kneupper 1979; L Langsdorf 
1988a; L Langsdorf 1988b; R Maier 1989; 
M ManeH 1978; M Meyer 1986; M Meyer 1988a; 
D Mieville 1989; M Miller 1987; A Naess 1966; 
M Natanson, Johnstone, Jr. 1965; C Perelman 
1963; S Toulmin 1958; R Trapp, Schuetz 1990; 
E Vedung 1982; M Weinstein 1987; C Wellman 
1971; J Wenzel 1979; J Wenzel 1985; C Willard 
1981a; C Willard 1981b; C Willard 1983; 
C Willard 1987; C Willard 1989a; C Willard 
1989b; C Willard 1989c; C Willard 1990b; 
J Woods, Walton 1977e; S Yearly 1988. 

Arguments: Their nature and their analysis: 

R Anderson, Mortensen 1967; L Apostel 1979; 
S Bailin 1987; V Balthrop 1980; E Barth 1987; 
P Bator 1988; P Benoit 1983; D Bernstein 1990; 
J Bickenbach 1982; J Bickenbach 1990; J Blair 
1987d; E Blythin 1979; W Brockriede 1975; 
W Brockriede 1977; W Brockriede 1985; W 
Brown 1987; M Bruner 1983; M Cohen 1977; R 
Corliss 1972; E Dayton 1981; F Eemeren, 
Grootendorst 1989c; F Eemeren, Kruiger 1987; 
F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Meuffels 1989; 
D Ehninger 1970; M Finocchiaro 1979a; 
M Finocchiaro 1988c; A Fisher 1987; A Fisher 
1989; RFogelin 1985; V Follert 1981; J Freeman 
1985; E Garver 1987; J Gasser 1987; J Golden, 
Makau 1982; A Goldman 1987; T Goode, 
Wettersten 1982; R Grootendorst 1987a; D 
Hample 1980; D Hample 1985; J Hoaglund 1989; 
S Jackson 1987; F Johnson 1984; R Jones 1981; 
C Kielkopf 1984; B Kirby 1986; C Kneupper 1981; 
A Lugg 1986; J Meiland 1981; J Meiland 1989; 
P Minkus 1980; D O'Keefe 1977; D O'Keefe 
1982; P Pecorino 1980; A Rancer, Baukus, Infante 
1985; J Ray 1978; R Rowland 1987; T Schwartz 
1984; R Scott 1987; M Scriven 1987c; A Scult 

1985; R Trapp 1986; R Trapp 1987; R Trapp 1987; 
R Trapp, Hoff 1985; G Walker, Congalton 1987; 
M Weinstein 1990a; J Wenzel 1977; J Wenzel 
1980; J Wenzel 1982; C Willard 1978a; C Willard 
1978b; C Willard 1979b; C Willard 1985: D 
Williams, Hazen 1990; K Wu 1982. 

Begging the question, petitio principii, 
circular arguments: 

J Barker 1976; J Barker 1978; D Basu 1986; J Biro 
1977; J Biro 1984; G Colwell 1989; R Hoffman 
1971; F Jackson 1984; 0 Johnson 1967-68; J 
Mackenzie 1979; J Mackenzie 1984a; J Mackenzie 
1984b; C Myers 1978; H Palmer 1981; R Robinson 
1971 b; R Robinson 1981; D Sanford 1972; D 
Sanford 1977; D Sanford 1981; M Snoeyenbos 
1980; A Sparkes 1966; D Walton 1977; D Walton 
1980b; D Walton, Batten 1984; M Williams 
1967-68; J Woods, Walton 1975a; J Woods, 
Walton 1975b; J Woods, Walton 1977c; J Woods, 
Walton 1978a; J Woods, Walton 1982b; J Woods, 
Walton I 982c. 

Bibliographies: 

L Bomstad, Weddle 1989; C Champaud, Bassano 
1987; R Church 1979; R Church, Buckley 1983; 
F Conklin 1968; F Conklin 1970; F Conklin 1971; 
R Cureton 1973; R Ennis 1987a; J Jensen 1989; 
R Johnson, Blair 1980a; R Johnson, Blair 1983a; 
L Olbrechts-Tyteca, Griffin-Collart 1979; P 
Pecorino 1987b; M Schmidt 1986a; W Semlak 
1982; J Woods 1987b; D Walton 1988c. 

Critical thinking: 

J Adler 1987c; J Adler 1990b; D Annis, Annis 1979; 
LAnnis, Annis 1984; S Bailin 1987; SBailin 1989; 
M Battersby 1989; J Blair 1985; J Blair 1986b; 
J Blair 1987a; J Blair 1987c; J Blair 1988d; E 
d'Angelo 1974; R Ennis 1962; R Ennis 1964; R 
Ennis 1979; R Ennis 1980; R Ennis 1981b; R 
Ennis 1981c; R Ennis 1985; R Ennis 1987b; R 
Ennis 1989a; R Ennis 1989b; P Facione 1984; P 
Facione 1990a; M Finocchiaro 1988a; J Freeman 
1989; T Govier 1983c; T Govier 1989b; J 
Hoaglund 1985; R Johnson 1988b; H Kahane 
1989; L Langsdorf 1986; L Langsdorf 1987; J May 
1986a; J May 1986b; J May 1988; J McPeck 
1981a; J McPeck 1981b; J McPeck 1982; J 
McPeck 1984a; J McPeck 1985a; J McPeck 1985b; 
J McPeck 1985c; J McPeck 1985d; J McPeck 
1987; R Miller 1986; C Missimer 1990; B Nelson 
1980; D Nolen 1987; S Norris 1985; R Paul 1982; 
R Paul 1983; R Paul 1985a; R Paul 1985b; R Paul 
1989; R Paul 1990; P Pecorino 1987a; H Reeder 
1984; R Revlin, Leirer 1978; GRoss, Semb 1981; 



B Russell 1923; M Scriven 1984; M Scriven 
1987 a; H Siegel 1980; H Siegel 1983; H Siegel 
1987; H Siegel 1988; H Siegel 1989a; H Siegel 
1989b; H Siegel 1989c; J Sproule 1987; H Taba 
1979; P Wagner 1987; K Walters 1989; K Warren 
1988; P Weddle 1985a; M Weinstein 1982b; M 
Weinstein 1988; I Wright, La Bar 1986. 

Deduction, conduction, induction: 

J Bickenbach 1979; G Englebretsen 1984; S Fohr 
1980a; S Fohr 1980b; J Freeman 1983; J Freeman 
1984; T Govier 1980c; T Govier 1987a; D 
Hitchcock 1980; D Hitchcock 1981; J Holland, 
Holyoak, Nisbett, Thagard 1986; F Johnson 1980; 
K Machina 1985; J ~olt 1984c; J Nolt 1985; J Nolt 
1987; G Spangler 1984; P Weddle 1979; P 
Weddle 1980. 

Dialogic, dialogue games, the logic of 
questions: 

E Barth 1985c; E Barth, Krabbe 1982; J Bendegem 
1985; J Blair 1986a; J Blair, Johnson 1987a; R 
Brown 1970; L Carlson 1983; F Damme 1984; F 
Eemeren, Grootendorst 1988b; M Finocchiaro 
1988b; N Gutenberg 1987; J Hintikka 1973; J 
Hintikka 1982; J Hintikka 1986; J Hintikka 1987b; 
J Hintikka, Hintikka 1982; P Hoven 1987; E 
Krabbe 1982; E Krabbe 1985; C Lumer 1988; J 
Mackenzie 1988c; W Mann 1988; R Manor 1982; 
R Manor 1984; M Meyer 1979; M Meyer 1982; 
I Mitroff 1982; R Pinto 1984; N Rescher 1977; 
A Robinet 1979; W Ulrich 1984; D Walton 1984; 
D Walton 1985b; D Walton 1988b; D Walton 
1989a; D Walton 1989c; J Woods 1988b. 

Fallacy theory; nature of and classification 
of fallacies: 

C Abate 1979; L Apostel1971; J Biro 1987; J Blair 
1988a; J Blair 1990; C Broad 1950; R Carroll 
1983; F Cizek 1974; R Cole 1965; J Cox, Willard 
1982; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1987a; F 
Eemeren, Grootendorst 1989b; S Engel 1986b; S 
Engel 1986c; P Facione 1987; M Finocchiaro 
1981; M Finocchiaro 1987b; R Fogelin, Duggan 
1987; R George 1983a; I Good 1959; T Govier 
1982b; R Grootendorst 1987b; CHamblin 1970; 
D Hample 1982; J Hintikka 1987a; G Jason 1986; 
G Jason 1989; R Johnson 1987b; R Johnson 1989; 
R Johnson 199Ob; H Kahane 1980; J Mackie 1967; 
R Maier 1987; J Marks 1988; E Marshall 1987; 
G Massey 1981a; J Oliver 1967; R Prasad 1950; 
D Rohatyn 1987; R Rowland 1984b; M Schmidt 
1986b; M Secor 1987; W Ulrich 1985; D Walton 
1987a; J Woods 1988a; J Woods 1988d; J Woods, 
Walton 1972; J Woods, Walton 1976c; J Woods, 

Bibliography 183 

Walton 1981; J Woods, Walton 1982a: J Woods, 
Walton 1989. 

Formal and informal logic: 

B Aune 1986; E Barth 1990; S Doss 1985; S Doss 
1989; R Girle 1988; T Govier 1982b; M Kroy 
1974; J Largeault 1978; D Levi 1987; K Merrill 
1982; H Petrie 1969; R Pomeroy 1982; G Ryle 
1969; M Scriven 1980; J Smith 1984; D Walton 
1981b; D Walton 1987c: P Weddle 1985b; M 
Weinstein 1982a; M Weinstein 1985a; J Woods 
1980; J Woods 1989b. 

Histories, surveys, reports, state of the art: 

E Barth 1985b; J Blair, Johnson 1987b; A Fisher 
1986; R Johnson, Blair 1980b; R Johnson, Blair 
1985a: R Johnson, Blair 1985b; B Moore 1983: 
B Moore 1984; J Nolt 1984a; F Os canyon 1984; 
J Sproule 1986; T Tomko 1979; R Trapp 1981. 

Inference norms: 

J Adler 1989; D Allen 1988; K Bach 1984; E 
Krabbe 1987; C Missimer 1989b; S Thomas 1984; 
W Ulrich 1987. 

Informal logic and critical thinking: 

J Blair 1988b; J Blair, Johnson 1989; A Fisher 
1988a; W Fisher 1978; W Fisher 1987; W Fisher 
1980; L Langsdorf 1990; E MacKinnon 1986; D 
Orr 1989; M Scriven 1987d; H Siegel 1985a; H 
Siegel 1985b; M Weinstein 1990b; J Woods, 
Walton 1974b. 

Logic, reasoning and inference: 

M Black 1963; LCohen 1982; M Finocchiaro 1979b; 
M Finocchiaro 1984; L Goldstein 1988; P Goodwin, 
Wenzel 1979; E Griffrn-Collart 1979; B Gronbeck 
1982; G Harman 1984; G Harman 1986; R 
Johnson 1988a; E Krabbe 1988; J Mackenzie 1989; 
K Manktelow, Over 1987; M Mostowski 1983; R 
~isbett, Ross 1980; C Perelman 1980; D Perkins 
1989; N Rescher 1976; M Resnik 1985; 
D Walton 199Oa; D Walton 1990b; B Winters 1983. 

Missing, hidden, unexpressed premises; 
assumptions, enthymemes: 

E Brandon 1986; M Burke 1985; S Carey 1988; 
TConley 1984; Ed'Angelo 1974; M Donn 1990; 
F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1982b; F Eemeren, 
Grootendorst 1983; R Ennis 1981b; R Ennis 1982; 
R George 1983b; J Gough, Tindale 1985; D 
Goulding 1965; D Hitchcock 1985; D Hitchcock 
1987; D Lee 1973. 



184 Index 

Pedagogy: Teaching and testing: 

W Benoit, Follert 1986; A Binker, Charbonneau 
1983; R Binkley 1980; J Blair 1984; J Blair 1988c; 
E Brandon 1987; A Brinton 1981; D Clemens 
1985; A Costa, Lowery 1989; D Couch 1981; P 
Covey 1981a; P Covey 1981b; H Crimme11980; 
H Crimmel 1981; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1987b; 
R Ennis 1958; R Ennis 1981a; R Ennis 1984; R 
Ennis 1987c; J Evra 1985; P Facione 1986; P 
Facione 1989; P Facione 1990b; J Follman 1987; 
E Garver 1985; L Gibbs 1985; T Govier 1988b; 
T Govier 1988e; L Groarke, Tindale 1986; B 
Johnson 1980; D Lehman, Lempert, Nisbett 1988; 
M Lipman 1981; L Lowery 1989; D Lugenbehl 
1985; J Makau 1987; W Maker 1982; G Massev 
1981b; J McPeck 1984b; J McPeck 1990; [) 
Mowry 1980; R Nickerson, Perkins, Smith 1985; 
R Nisbett, Fong, Lehman, Cheng 1987; S Norris, 
Ennis 1989; S Norris, King 1984a; S Norris, King 
1984b; S Norris, Ryan 1987; P Pecorino 1987c; L 
Resnick 1987; T Richards 1980; T Richards 1981; D 
Scherer, Facione 1977; T Schwartz 1981; R Swartz, 
Perkins 1989; W Taylor 1987; T Tomko 1981; T 
Tomko, Ennis 1980; D Walton 1988a; M Weinstein 
1985b; A Wilson 1985; J Woods, Walton 1979a. 

Relevance: 

N Belnap 1981; J Blair 1989; G Bowles 1989a; 

G Bowles 1990; E Garver 1978; M Rees 1989; 
W Salmon 1981; D Walton 1982; J Wenzel 1989. 

The rhetorical dimension: 

C Arnold 1987; M Beardsley 1981; G Bouchard 
1981; A Brinton 1986; A Brinton 1987; A 
Brinton 1988b; R Burke 1984; T Farrell 1977; S 
Foss, Foss, Trapp 1985; E Garver 1978; J Golden 
1987; G Haarscher 1979; W Harpine 1985; R 
Hufford 1965; F Jacques 1979; W Kluback, Becker 
1979; C Kneupper 1980; M Maneli 1979; R 
McKerrow 1977; R McKerrow 1978; R McKerrow 
1982; M Meyer 1988b; J Nelson, Megill, 
McClosky 1987; S Noorden 1979; L OIbrechts-
Tyteca 1979; D Parker 1972; C Perelman 1979a; 
C Perelman 1979b; C Perelman 1982; C Perelman 
1989; C Perelman, 0lbrechts-Tyteca 1969; 0 
Rebou11988; C Tindale, Groarke 1987; C Vasoli 
1979; J Wenzel 1987b; J Wenzel 1987c; G Yoos 
1984; G Yoos 1987; G Yoos 1988; H Zyskind 
1979. 

HANS V. HANSEN 
184 GENEVA STREET 
ST. CA THARINES 
ONTARIO L2R 4P5 i.J