I:-.JFORMAL LOGIC XII.3, Fall 1990 An Informal Logic Bibliography HANS ·V. HANSEl'! University of Windsor Introduction In this bibliography I have tried to bring together and build on the work of others. In particular I have included material from (i) the bibliographies prepared by R. H. Johnson and J. A. Blair for the three Inter- national Symposia on Informal Logic, (ii) Johnson and Blair (l980a), and (iii) Johnson and Blair (l985b). I have also incorporated material from (iv) Schmidt (1 986b) and (v) Jensen (1989). I thank: these authors for per- mission to borrow from their work. Current research in informal logic is in- formed by work in argumentation theory, rhetoric, speech communication, and critical thinking. I have included entries from these fields which I think will be of interest to informal logicians. In adding to the earlier bibliographies I have followed the journals which take an interest in these matters and tried to keep abreast of new publications. It has been possible to verify by direct examination only about 85 % of the entries. The bibliography contains well over 900 entries. Not all ofthem have been indexed. Many of the entries touch on a variety of topics of interest to informal logicians but no entry has been indexed more than once. The index, like the bibliography itself. is therefore not claimed to be exhaustive. However,. it is hoped that the index will prove useful for those with specific interests. Infonnal Logic expects to publish an up- date to this bibliography in a future volume. We welcome corrections and suggestions. I have had considerable help with this prqject. Michael F. Schmidt corrected several errors in an earlier version; J. Anthony Blair helped with the verification and the index as well as providing invaluable advice; Robert C. Pinto gave expert assistance with the computer programme. I am grateful for the help so freely given. In the interest of saving space the follow- ing abbreviations are used. Arg. = Argumentation IL = Informal Logic ILN Informal Logic Newsletter JAFA = Journal of the American Forensic Association P&R = Philosophy and Rhetoric TP = Teaching Philosophy Q. = Quarterly I = Journal Bibliography Abate, Charles J. (1979). Fallaciousness and invalidity. P&R 12. 262-66. Acock, Malcolm (1985). Informal Logic Examples and Exercises. Belmont. CA: Wadsworth, Adler. Jonathan (1982). Why be charitable'? ILN 4:2, 15-16. Adler. Jonathan (1984), Abstraction is uncooper- ative, I of the Theory of Social Behaviour 14, 165-81. ___ (1987a). Alternatives, writing and the formulation of a thesis. IL 9, 57-70. ___ (l987bj, Form, content and superstition, Teaching Thinking and Problem-Solving 9, 1-10. ___ (I 987c). On resistance to critical think- ing. In D, N. Perkins, J, Lockheed and J. Bishop (eds.), Thinking: The Second Interna- tional Conference (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum), 247-60. 156 Adler Adler, Jonathan (1989), Epistemics and the total evidence requirement. Philosophia 19, 227-42. ____ (1990a). Conservatism and tacit con- firmation. Mind 99, 1-14. ___ (l990b). Double standards, equality, and the right reference class. J. of Applied Philosophy 7, 215-27. Allen, Derek (1988). Inferential soundness. IL 10, 57-65. ____ (1990). Trudy Govier's Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation. IL 12,43-62. Anderson, Jerry M. and Paul J. Dovre (eds.) (1968). Readings in Argumentation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Anderson, Ray Lynn and David C. Mortensen (1967). Logic and marketplace argumentation. Quarterly J. of Speech 53, 143-51. Angell, Richard B. (1964). Reasoning and Logic. :-Jew York, NY: Appleton Century Crofts. Annis, David B. (1974). Techniques of Critical Reasoning. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill. and Linda Annis (1979). Does philosophy improve critical thinking? TP 3, 145-52. Annis. Linda and David B. Annis (1984). McPeck on critical thinking: A reply. IL 6, 42-44. Apostel, Leo (1971). Assertion logic and the theory of argumentation. P&R 4. 92-110. ____ (1979). What is the force of an argu- ment? Revue International de Philosophie 33, 99-109. (1982). Toward a general theory of argumentation. In Barth and Martens (1982), 93-122. Apotheloz. Denis (1987). Logical and non-logical foundations of argumentation. In van Eemeren. Grootendorst et al. (l987 c), 407 -17. Arnold. Carroll C. (1986). Implications of Perelman's theory of argumentation. In James Golden and Joseph J. Pilotta (eds.), Practical Reasoning in Human Affairs: Studies in Honor of Chafm Perelman (Dordrecht: Reidel). ____ (1987). Johnstone's 'wedge' and the theory of rhetoric. P&R 20, 118-128. Aune, Bruce (1986). Formal logic and practical reasoning. Theory and Decision 20, 301-20. Barth Bach. Kent (1984). Default reasoning: Jumping to conclusions and knowing when to think twice. Pacitlc Philosophical Quarterly 65, 37-58. Bailin, Sharon (1987). Critical and creative think- ing. IL 9, 23-30. ____ (1987). Moral and aesthetic argumen- tation. In van Eeemeren and Grootendorst (l987b), 178-86. ____ (1988). Achieving Extraordinary Ends: An Essay in Creativity. Dordrecht: Kluwer. ___ (1989) Belief, doubt and critical thinking: Reconciling the contrarie~. Philosophy of Education: Proceedings 45, 315-19. Balthrop, V. William (1980). Argument as linguistic opportunity: A search for form and function. In Jack Rhodes and Sara Newell (eds.), Proceedings of the Summer Conference on Argumentation (Salt Lake City: SCA/AFA). Bandman, Elsie L. and Bertram Bandman ( 1988). Critical Thinking in Nursing. Norwalk. CT: Appleton and Lange. Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua (1964). More on the fallacy of composition. Afind 73, 125-6. Barker, Evelyn M. (1981). Everyday Reasoning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ____ (1989). Beardsley's theory of analogy. IL 11, 185-94. Barker, John A. (1976). The fallacy of begging the question. Dialogue 15,241-55. Barker, Stephen F. (1974). The Elements of Logic (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. 1st edi- tion 1965. (1989). Reasoning by analogy in Hume's Dialogues. IL 11, 173-84. Barry. Vincent E. (1983). Good Reason for Writing. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. ____ and Joel Rudinow (1990). Invitation to Critical Thinking. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1st edition 1984. Barry, Vincent E. and Douglas J. Soccio (1980). Practical Logic (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rineharr and Winston. I st edition 1976. Barth, E. M. (1985a). A new field of empirical logic: Bioprograms, logemes and logics as in- stitutions. Synthese 63, 375-88. ___ (I985b). Philosophical logic in the :-lether- lands after 1940. Ruch Filozoficzny 42, 175-205. ___ (1985c). Two-phase epistemology and models of dialogue logic. Philosophica 35, 69-88. Barth Barth, E. M. (1987). Logic to some purpose: Theses against the deductive-nomological paradigm in the science of logic. In van Eemeren, Grootendorst, et al. (l987a), 33-45. ____ (1990). In the service of human society: Formal, informal or anti-logical? The phi- losophy of the logician E. W. Beth. IL 12, 1-10. ___ and Erik C. W. Krabbe (1982). From Axiom to Dialogue: A PhiIosohical Study of Logics and Argumentation. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Barth, E. M. and J. L. Martins (}977). Argumentum ad hominem: From chaos to formal dialectic. Logiquc et Analyse 20, 76-96. ___ -(982). Argumentation: Approaches to Theory Formation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Basu, Dilip K. (1986). A question of begging. IL 8, 19-26. Bator, Paul G. (1988). The 'good reasons' move- ment: A confounding of dialectic and rhetoric? P&R 21. 38-47. Battersby, Mark E. (1989). Critical thinking as applied epistemology. IL II, 91-99. Beardsley, Monroe C. (1950). Practical Logic. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ____ (1975). Thinking Straight: Principles of Reasoning for Readers and Writers (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 2nd edi- tion 1956. (1981). Logic and rhetoric. TP 4, 249-60. Belnap, Nuel D, Ir. (1981). Logica Docens and relevance. TP 4,419-27. Bendegem, Jean Paul van (1985). Dialogue logic and problem solving. Philosophica 25, 113-34. Benoit, Pamela J. (1983). Extended arguments in children's discourse. lAFA 20, 72-89. ___ (1989). Relationship arguments: An interactionist elaboration of speech acts. Arg. 3, 423-37. Benoit, William L. (1987). Argumentation and credibility appeals in persuasion. Southern Speech Communication 1. 52, 181-97. ____ and Vincent F. Follert (1986). Graduate courses in argumentation theory. Comnlllnica- lion Education 35, 61-66. Bcrg, Jonathan (1987). interpreting arguments. IL 9, 13-20. See also 9.2&3, Errata, 152. Blair 157 Bernstein, David (1990). A problem solving interpretation of argument analysis. IL 12,79-85. Berriman, William (1980), Review of Giere's Understanding Scientific Reasoning, ILN 2:2, 15-17. Beyer. Barry K. (1987). Practical Strategies forthe Teaching of Thinking. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bickenbach, Jerome E. (1979). Justifying deduc- tion. Dialogue 18, 500-16. ___ (1982). The diversity of proof. ILN 4:2, 7-12. ___ (1990). The 'artificial reason' of the law. IL 12, 23-32. Billig, Michael (1987) Arguing and Thinking: A Rhecorical Approach to Social Psychology. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press. Binker, A. J. A. and Marla Charbonneau (1983). Piagetian insights and teaching critical think- ing. ILN 5:2, 10-15. Binkley, Robert W. (1980). Can the ability to reason well be taught? in Blair and Johnson (1980),79-92. ____ (1981). A system ofrational appraisal. ILN 4: L 7-10. Biro, J. I. (1977). Rescuing 'begging the question'. Metaphilosophy 8, 257-71. ___ (1984). Knowability, believability and begging the question: A reply to Sanford. Metaphilosophy 15, 239-247. ____ (1987). A sketch of an epistemic theory of fallacies. In van Eemeren, Grootendorst et al. (l987b), 65-73. Black, Max (1949). Vagueness: An exercise in logical analysis. In Language and Philosophy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), chap!. 2. ___ (1955). Critical Thinking. New York: Prentice-Hall. I st edition 1946. ____ (1963). Reasoning with loose concepts. Dialogue 2, 1-12. Blair, J. Anthony (1984). Teaching argument in critical thinking. The Community College Humanities Review 5, 19-30. ____ (1985). Some challenges for critical thinking. In Hoaglund (1985), 69-82. (1986a). Comments on Frans van Eemeren: 'Dialectical analysis as a normative reconstruction of argumcntative discourse'. Text 6. 17-24. 158 Blair Blair, J. Anthony (l986b). The Keegstra affair: A test case for critical thinking. The History and Social Science Teacher 21, 158-64. (1987a). Recent developments in critical thinking in anglophone North America. Thinking 7,2-11. ____ (l987b). Argumentation, inquiry and speech act theory. In van Eemeren, Grooten- dorst et al. (1987a), 189-99. ____ {I 987c). Critical thinking perspectives: Recent developments in anglophone North America. Thinking 7, 2-6. ____ (I 987d). Everyday argumentation from an informal logic perspective. In Wenzel (1987a). 177-83. ____ (1988a). Argumentation and informal fallacies. In Venant Cauchy (ed.), Philosophie et Culture. 5 (Montreal: Editions Montmoren- cy),381-84. ____ (l988b). Current issues in informal logic and critical thinking. In A. Fisher (1988a), 15-29. ____ (1988c). Teaching informal logic using LogicaJ Self-Defense. In Fisher (1988a), 60-64. , ___ (1988d). What is bias') In Govier (I988c). 93-103. (\989). Premise relevance. In Maier (1989), 67-84. ____ (1990). Fallacies in everyday argument. In Trapp et al. (1990), 121-33. Blair, J. Anthony and Ralph H. Johnson (eds.) (1980). Informal Logic: The First International Symposium. Inverness, CA: Edgepress. __ .. __ (1987 a). Argumentation as dialectical. Arg. 1. 41-56. ____ (1987b). The current state of informal logic and critical thinking. IL 9, 147-51. ____ (1989). Informal logic: A thematic account. In Maimon (1989),93-110. Blythin, Evan (1979). Arguers as lovers: A dialec- tical perspective. P&R 12, 176-86. Bomstad, Linda and Perry Weddle (1989). North American perspectives on teaching critical thinking: A general bibliography. Arg. 3.237-42. Bouchard. Guy (1981). L'antimodele platonicien de la nouvelle rhetorique. Canadian J. of Philosophy 11. 693-711. Brockriede Bowles, George (1989a). Favorable relevance and arguments. IL 11, 11-17. (1989b). Professor Kasachkoff on explaining and justifying. IL 11, 107-10. ____ (1990). Propositional relevance.IL 12, 65-77. Boylan. Michael (1988). The Process of Argument. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Braaten, Jane (1987). Rational consensual pro- cedure: Argumentation or weighted inquiry. Synthese 71,347-54. Bradie, Michael and Kenneth Sayre (eds.) (1981). Reasons and Decision. 3. Bowling Green: Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy. Brandon, E. P. (1983). Argument Analysis. Kingston, Jamaica: University of West Indies. __ ~ (1986). Ellipsis. IL 8, 93-103. ____ (\987). Deductive reasoning ability, error, and education. In van Eemeren and Grootendorst et a1. (1987c), 155-61. Brinton, Alan (1981). Logic and the liberal arts curriculum. Liberal Education 67, 254-60. _____ ~_ (1985). A rhetorical view of the ad hominem. Australasian J. of Philosophy 63. 50-63. ____ (1986). Ethotic arguments. History of Philosophy Q. 3, 245-58. ____ (1987). Ethotetic arguments: Some uses. In van Eemeren, Grootendorst et al. (J987c), 246-54. ___ (1988a). Appeal to the angry emotions. IL 10,77-87. ____ (l988b). Pathos and the 'appeal to emo- tion': An Aristotelian analysis. History of Philosophy Q. 5,207-19. Broad, C. D. (1950). Some common fallacies in political thinking. Philosophy 25, 99-113. Brockriede, Wayne (1960). Toulmin on argument: An examination and aplication. Quarterly 1. of Speech 46, 44-53. ____ (1972). Arguers as lovers. P&R 5, 1-11. ____ (1975). Where is argument? JAFA. 11. 179-82. ____ (1977). Characteristics of arguments and arguing. JAFA 13, 129-32. Brockriede Brockriede, Wayne (1985). Constructs, experience and argument. Quarterly J. of Speech 71, 151-63. Brod, Harry (1982). Logic as politics. TP 5, 211-19. Brown, Robert (1970). The burden of proof. American Philosphical Q. 7, 74-82. Brown, William R. (1987). The holographic view of argument. Arg. 1, 89-102. ___ (1989). Two traditions of analogy. IL 11, 161-172. Browne, M. Neil and Stuart M. Keeley (1986). Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1st edition 1981. Broyles, James E. (1975). The fallacies of com- position and division. P&R 8, 108-13. Bruner, Michael S. (1983). Argument from a pragmatic perspective. JAFA 20, 90-97. Brutian, Georg (1984). Argumentation. Yerevan. Burbidge, John (1990). Within Reason: A Guide to Non-Deductive Reasoning. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview. Burke, Michael (1985). Unstated premises. IL 7, 107-18. Burke, Richard J. (1984). A rhetorical conception of rationality. IL 6, 17-25. Burleson, Brant R. (1979). On the analysis and criticisms of arguments: Some theoretical and methodological consideratons. JAFA 15, 137-47. Campbell, Stephen K. (1974). Flaws and Fallacies in Statistical Thinking. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Capaldi, Nicholas (1973). The Art of Deception. Buffalo: Prometheus Books. Published by D. W. Brown, .r\ew York. 1971. Carey, Stephen H. (1988). Upsetters. IL 10,97-103. Carlson, Laurie (1983). Dialogue Games: An Approach to Discourse Analysis. Dordrecht: Reidel. Carney, James D. and Richard K. Scheer (1980). Fundamentals of Logic (3rd ed.) . .r\ew York: Macmillan. 15t edition 1964. Carroll, Robert T. (1983). A comment on fallacies and argument analysis. ILN 5:2, 22-23. Copi 159 Carson, A. S. (1980). Review of Scriven's Reason- ing. ILN 2:2, 17-19. Castaneda, Hector .r\eri (1960). On a proposed revolution in logic. Philosophy of Science 27, 279-92. Cederblom, Jerry and David Paulsen (1988). Making reasonable decisions as an amateur in a world of experts. In Govier (1988c), 138-49. ___ (1991). Critical Reasoning (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. 1st edition 1982. Chaffee, John (1985). Thinking Critically. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Champaud, Christian and Dominique Bassano (1987). Argumentation and child development: A general bibliography. Arg. 1, 201-07. Church, Russell T. (1979). A bibliography of argumentation and debate for 1975-76. JAFA 15, 228-43. and David C. Buckley (1983). Argumentation and debating propositions of value: A bibliography. JAFA 19, 239-50. Cizek, F. (1974). The problem of fallacies. Teorie A Metoda 6, 101-15. Clemens, [}dvid (1985). Technoethics. IL 7,163-65. Cohen, L. Jonathan (1982). Are people programmed to commit fallacies? J. for the Theory of Social Behaviour 12, 251-74. Cohen, Maurice (1977). Contextual analysis: An approach to the study of philosophic arguments. Metaphilosophy 8, 3-20. Cole, Richard (1965). A note on informal fallacies. Mind 74, 432-33. Colwell, Gary (1989). God, the Bible and circulari- ty. IL 11,61-73. Conklin, Forrest (1968). A bibliography of argu- mentation and debate for 1967. JAFA 5, 85-94. ___ (1970). A bibliography of argumenta- tion and debate for 1969. JAFA 7, 134-58, ___ (1971). A bibliography of argumenta- tion and debate for 1970. JAFA 8, 81-104. Conley, Thomas M. (1984). The enthymeme in perspective. Quarterly J. of Speech 70,168-87. Cooley. J. C. (\959). On Mr. Toulmin's revolu- tion in logic. J. of Philosophy 56,297-319. Copi, Irving M. (1986). Informal Logic. New York: Macmillan. 160 Copi Copi, Irving M. and Carl Cohen (1990). Introduction to Logic (8th. ed.). New York: Macmillan. 1st edition 1953. Corcoran, John (1989). Argumentations and logic. Arg. 3, 17-43. Corgan, Verna C. (1987). Perelman's universal au- dience as critical tool. JAFA 23, 147-57. Corliss, Richard (1972). A theory of contextual implication. P&R 5, 215-30. Costa, Arthur and Lawrence F. Lowery (1989). Techniques for Teaching Thinking. Pacific Grove, CA: Midwest Publications. Couch, Dan (1981). Improving reasoning skills. Thinking 3, 38-9. Covey, Preston (1981 a). Formal logic and philosophic analysis. TP 4, 277-302. ___ (198Ib). Logic and liberal learning: Some salient issues. TP 4, 207-30. Cowan, Joseph L. (1964). The Uses of Argument-an apology for logic. Mind 73,27-45. ___ (1969). The gambler's fallacy. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 30, 238-51. Cox, J. Robert, Malcolm Sillars and Gregg B. Walker (eds.) (1985). Argument and Social Practice: Proceedings of the Fourth SCA!.4FA Conference on Argumentation. Annandale, VA: Speech Communication Association. Cox, J. Robert and Charles Willard (eds.) (1982). Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Crable, Richard E. (l976a) Argumentation as Communication: Reasoning With Receivers. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill. Crable. Richard E. (1976b). Models of argumenta- tion and judicial judgment. JAf:4 12, 113-20. Cragan, John F. and Craig W. Cutbirth (1984). A revisionist perspective on political ad hominem argument: A case study. Central States Speech J. 35, 228-237. Crimmel, Henry H. (1980). Logic as a liberal art. Liberal Education 66, 377-81. ____ . (1981). A reply to Professor Brinton. Liberal Education 67, 261-62. Crossley. David J. and Peter A. Wilson (1979). How to Argue: An Introduction to Logical Thinking. New York: Random House. Eemeren Cureton, Robert D. (1973). A bibliography for argumentation and debate for 1973. JAFA 13. 197-206. d' Angelo, Edward (1974). The concept of critical thinking. Revolutionary World 9, 49-55. Darner, T. Edward (1987). Attacking Faulty Reasoning (2nd ed.). Belmont. CA: Wadsworth. 1st edition 1980. Damme, F. van (1984). Towards more natural dialogue logics as a more natural dialogue system. Logique et analyse 116, 409-19. Davson-Galle, Peter (1989) Interpreting arguments and judging issues. IL 11, 41-45. Dayton, Eric B. (1981). Persuasive arguments and disagreements of principle. Canadian 1. of Philosophy 11, 741-49. Dewey, John (1982). Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Reproduction of 1938 edition publish- ed by Irivington, NY. Dolan, John M. (1988). Consent as a commodity. IL 10, 177-94. Review of Herman and Chom- sky's Manufacturing Consent. Donn, Mike (1990) Help in finding missing premises. TP 13, 159-64. Doss, Seale (1985). Three steps towards a theory of informal logic. IL 7, 127-135. (1987). Elementary Logic for Philosophy Students. Ripon. WI: Ripon College Press. ____ (1989). Who needs a theory of informal logic? IL 11, 111-18. Eemeren, Frans H. van (1986). Dialectical analysis as normative reconstruction of argumentative discourse. Text 6, 1-16. ____ (1987a). Argumentation studies' five estates. In Wenzel et al. (1987a), 9-24. ____ (l987b). For reasons sake: Maximal argumentative analysis of discourse. In van Eemeren, Grootendorst, et al. (1987a), 201-15. ___ (1988). Argumentation analysis: A Dutch counter-balance. In Fisher (1988a), 39-53. Eemeren. Frans H. van and Rob Grootendorst (1982a). The speech acts of arguing and con- vincing in externalized discussions. J. of Pragmatics 6. 1-24. ____ (l982b). Unexpressed premises: Part 1. JAFA 19,97-106. Eemeren Eemeren, Frans H. van and Rob Grootendorst (1983). Unexpressed premises: Part II. JAFA 19,215-25. ____ (1984). Speech Acts in Argumentative Discussion. Dordrecht: Foris. ____ (1987a). Fallacies in pragma-dialectical per"pective. Arg. 1,283-301. (l987b). Teaching argumentation analysis and critical thinking in the Netherlands. IL 9, 57-69. (1988a). Rationale for a pragma- dialectical perspective. Arg. 2, 271-91. ___ (l988b). Rules for argumentation in dialogues. Arg. 2, 499-510. ____ (1989a). A pragma-dialectical perspec- tive on norms. In Maier (1989), 97-112. ___ (l989b). A transition stage in the theory of fallacies. J. of Pragmatics 13, 99-109. ____ (l989c). Speech act conditions as tools for reconstructing argumentative discourse. Arg. 3, 367-83. ____ (I989d). Writing argumentative texts. From analysis to presentation: A pragma- dialectical appoach. In Gronbeck 1987, 324-30. Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst. 1. Anthony Blair and Charles Willard (1987a). Argumentation: Across the Lines of Discipline. Dordrecht: Foris. _. __ (l987b). Argumentation: Analysis and Practices. Dordrecht: Foris. ____ (1987c). Argumentation: Perspectives and Approaches. Dordrecht: Foris. Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst and Bert Meuffels (1989). The skill of identifying argumentation. JAFA 25. 239-45. Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst and Tjark Kruiger (1984). The Study of Argumen- tation. New York: Irvington. ____ (1987). Handbook of Argumentation Theory: A Critical Survey of Classical Back- grounds and Modem Studies. Dordrecht: Foris. Eemeren, Frans H. van and Tjark Kruiger (1987). Identitying argument schemes. In van Eemeren, Grootendorst et al. (1987e), 70-81 Ehninger, Douglas (1970). Argument as method: Its nature, its limitations, and its uses. Com- munication Studies 37. 101-10. Ennis 161 ___ (1974). Influence. Belief, and Argument, An Introduction to Reponsible Persuasion. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Co. (1980). Toward a taxonomy of prescriptive discourse. In Eugene White (ed.), Rhetoric in Transition (University Park, PA: Stage University Press). Eisenberg, Ann R. (1987). Learning to argue with parents and peers. Arg. 1, 113-25. Engel, S. Morris (1980). AnaJyzing Informal Fallacies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ___ (1984). The Language Trap, or How to Defend Yourself Against the Tyranny of Words. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (1985). With Good Reason: An Introduction to Informal Fallacies (3rd ed.). New York: St. Martin's. 1st edition 1976. (I 986a). Explaining equivocation. l'vfetaphilosophy 17, 192-99. ____ (1986b). Fallacy, wit and madness. P&R 19, 224-241. (l986c). Wittgenstein's theory of fallacy. IL 8, 67-80. Engelbretsen, George (1973). Review of Hamblin's Fal1acies. Dialogue 12. 151-54. _. __ (1984). Freeman on induction! deduction. IL 6, 26-27. Ennis, Robert H. (1958). An appraisal of the Watson-Glaser critical thinking appraisal. 1. of Educational Research 52. 155-58. ____ (1962). A concept of critical thinking. Harvard Educational Review 32, 81-111. (1964). Operational definitions. American Educational Research 1. I, 183-20 I. ___ (1969a). Logic in Teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-HaIL ___ (1969b). Ordinary Logic. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Available from Il- linois Critical Thinking Project. (1974). The believability of people. Educational Forum 39. 347-54. __ -(979). A conception of rational thinking. Philosophy of Education: Proceedings 35. 3-30. (1980). Eight fallacies in Bloom's taxonomy. Philosophy of Education: Pro- ceedings 36. 269-73. 162 Ennis Ennis, Robert H. (1981a). A conception of deductive logic competence. TP 4. 337-85. ____ ._ (I981b). Logic and critical thinking. Philosophy of Education: Proceedings 37, 228-32. ___ (l98Ic). Rational thinking and educational practice. In Jonas F. Soltis (ed.), Philosophy and Education 80th Yearbook, NSSE (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), 143-83. ___ ._ (1982). Identifying implicit assump- tions. Synthese 51, 61·86. ____ (1984). Problems in testing informal logic/critical thinkingireasoning. IL 6, 3-9. ____ (1985). A concept of critical thinking. In Hoaglund (1985), 13·40. ___ (l987a). A bibliography on testing in critical thinking. CT News 6: I, 7. ___ (l987b). A taxonomy of critical thinking dispositions and abilities. In J. Baron and R. L. Sternberg (eds.), Teaching Thinking Skills: Theory and Practice (New York: W. H. Freeman). ___ (l987c). Testing teachers' competence, including their critical thinking abilities. Philosophy of F.4ucation: Proceedings 43, 413-20. ____ (I989a). Critical thinking and subject specificity. Educational Researcher 18. 4-10. ____ (l989b) The rationality of rationality: Why think critically? Philosophy of Education: Proceedings 45. 402-05. Evra. James van (1985). Logic, the liberal science. TP 8, 285-94. Facione, Peter A. (1976). Counterexamples and where they lead. Philosophy and Phenomeno- logical Research 36, 523-30. ___ (1984) Toward a theorv of CT. Liberal Education 70, 253-61. ____ (1986) Testing college level CT. Liberal Education 72. 221-31. ___ (1987). Teaching about fallacies. TP 10, 211-17. (1989) Assessing inference skills. Newark, DE: ERIC Clearinghouse on Educa- tional Tests, Measurement and Evaluation. ____ (1990a) Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction. Newark, DE: ERIC Clearinghouse on Tests, Measurement, and Evaluation. (l990b). Thirty great ways to mess up a ciritical thinking test. IL 12, 106-12. Finocchiaro ___ and Donald Scherer (1978). Logic and Logical Thinking. New York: McGraw Hill. Fahnestock, Jeanne and Marie Secor (1982). A Rhetoric of Argument. New York: Random House. Fair, Frank (1973). The fallacy of many questions: Or how to stop beating your wife. Southwestern J. of Philosophy 4, 89-92, Farrell, Thomas B. (1977). Validity and rationality: The rhetorical constitutents of argumentative form. JAFA 13, 142-49. Fearnside, W. Ward (1980). About Thinking. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. and William B. Holther (1959). Fallacy: The Counterfeit of Argument. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Feteris, Eveline T. (1990). Conditions and rules for rational discusssion in a legal process: A pragma-dialectical perspective. Argumentation and Advocacy 26, 108-17. Feuer. Lewis S. (1983). The genetic fallacy re- examined. In Paul Kurtz (ed.), Sidney Hook: Philosopher of Democracy and Humanism (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books), 227-246. Finocchiaro, Maurice A. (1974). 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Revue International de Philosophic 33, 18-32. Index to the Bibliography Ad hominem and tu quoque arguments: E Barth, Martins 1977; A Brinton 1985; J Cragan, Cutbirth 1984; M Finocchiaro 1974; D Gerber 1974; D Gerber 1977; T Govier 1981c; T Govier 1983a; T Govier 1988d; L Hinman 1982; J Hoaglund 1983; G Jason 1984; H Johnstone, Jr. 1952; H Johnstone, Jr. 1970; P Mackenzie 1981; W Minot 1981; R Parker 1984; M Remland 1982; D Riepe 1966; P Suber 1990; D Walton 1985a; D Walton 1987b; J Woods, Walton 1976b; J Woods, Walton 1977a. Ad verecundiam. arguments from authority: W Benoit 1987; J Cederblom, Paulsen 1988; R Ennis 1974; J Hardwig 1988; J Mackenzie 1988a; D Walton 1989d; C Willard 1990a; J Woods, Walton 1979c; M Wreen 1987b; G Young 1974. 'Ad' fallacies other than ad hominem and ad verecundiam: G Jason 1987; C Kie1kopf 1980; J McMurtry 1986; D Vate, Jr. 1975a; D Vate. Jr. 1975b; D Walton 1980c; J Woods 1987a; J Woods, Walton 1974a; J Woods, Walton I 976a; M Wreen 1988a; M Wreen 1988b; M Wreen 1989; G Yoos 1975. All fallacies other than 'ad' fallacies and begging the question: Y Bar-Hillel 1964; A Brinton 1988a; J Broyles 1975; J Cowan 1969; S Engel 1986a; F Fair 1973; L Feuer 1983; H Gelber 1987; T Goudge 1961; T Govier 1982a; L Groarke 1982; N Hanson 1967; D Jacquette 1989; G Jason 1988; C Kirwan 1979; L Kleiman 1970; T Lavine 1962; T Leddy 1986; J Mackenzie 1988b; J McMurtry 1988; J Pashman 1970; J Pashman 1971; N Pole 1981; N Rescher 1987; R Robinson 1971a; D Rohatyn 1988: W Rowe 1962; G Schedler 1980; M Scriven 1987b; T Smiley 1983; R Sorensen 1989; D Walton 1980a; D Walton 1981a; S Weiss 1976; D White 1985; J Wolfe 1986; J Woods, Walton 1977b; J Woods. Walton 1977d; J Woods, Walton 1978b; J Woods, Walton 1979b. Analogical arguments: E Barker 1989; S Barker 1989; W Brown 1989; T Govier 1985; T Govier 1989a; F Johnson 1989; J Measell 1985; W Saksteder 1974; W Saksteder 1979; W Shaw, Ashley 1983; R Shiner 1988; J Weitzenfeld 1984; J Woods, Hudak 1989. Argument evaluation: R Binkley 1981; M Black 1949; B Burleson 1979; S Campbell 1974; D Fischer 1970; T Govier 1980b; T Govier 1981a; W Grennan 1986; W Griffith 1975; G Iseminger 1974; R Johnson 1990a; R Johnson, Blair 1989; H Johnstone, Jr. 1983; H Kahane 1984; K Kellerman 1980; A Kruger 1975; G Massey 1975; G :Massey 1975; E Maxwell 1959; A Michalos 1980; D Moberg 1982; D O'Keefe 1985; R Rowland 1985; Z Seech 1981; P Thagard 1982; M Wreen 1987a. Argument interpretation, the principle of charity: J Adler 1982; J Berg 1987; P Davson-Galle 1989; RFogelin 1983; CGauker 1986; TGovier 1981b; N Griffin 1981a; M Gutteridge 1987; D Hample 1977; D Hample, Dallinger 1987; A Hayward 1986; P Healy 1987; J Hoaglund 1986b; J Hoaglund 1986c; S Jackson, Jacobs, Burrell, Allen 1986; R Johnson 1981a; R Johnson 1981b; R Johnson 1981c; R Johnson 1982; C Kneupper 1978; R Manning 1983a: R Marlin 1984; J May 1981; A Morton 1988; P Pecorino 1985; D Rothbart 1983: T Schwartz 1983; C Tindale, Gough 1987: E Vedung 1983; A Verbiest 1989; A Weston 1982; C Willard 1976; H Wohlrapp 1987. Argumentation theory: J Anderson, Dovre 1968; L Apostel 1971; L 182 Index Apostel1982; D Apotheloz 1987; C Arnold 1986; E Barth, Martins 1982; P Benoit 1989; J Blair 1987b; J Braaten 1987; W Brockriede 1972; G Brutian 1984; J Corcoran 1989; V Corgan 1987; R Crable 1976b; F Eemeren 1986; F Eemeren 1987a; F Eemeren 1987b; F Eemeren 1988; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1982a; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1984; F Eemeren, GroOiendorst 1988a; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1989a; F Eemeren, GroOiendorst, Kruiger 1984; F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Kruiger 1987; F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Blair, Willard 1987a; F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Blair, Willard 1987b; F Eemeren, Grootendorst , Blair, Willard 1987c; D Ehninger 1980; E Feteris 1990; M Finocchiaro 1987a; S Fuller, Willard 1987; J Furlong 1987; G Goodnight 1989; T Govier 1987b; D Hample 1988; J Hintikka 1989; S Jackson 1985; S Jackson 1989; S Jacobs 1989; S Jacobs 1989; J Klumpp, Brook, Chesebro, Cragan 1974; C Kneupper 1979; L Langsdorf 1988a; L Langsdorf 1988b; R Maier 1989; M ManeH 1978; M Meyer 1986; M Meyer 1988a; D Mieville 1989; M Miller 1987; A Naess 1966; M Natanson, Johnstone, Jr. 1965; C Perelman 1963; S Toulmin 1958; R Trapp, Schuetz 1990; E Vedung 1982; M Weinstein 1987; C Wellman 1971; J Wenzel 1979; J Wenzel 1985; C Willard 1981a; C Willard 1981b; C Willard 1983; C Willard 1987; C Willard 1989a; C Willard 1989b; C Willard 1989c; C Willard 1990b; J Woods, Walton 1977e; S Yearly 1988. Arguments: Their nature and their analysis: R Anderson, Mortensen 1967; L Apostel 1979; S Bailin 1987; V Balthrop 1980; E Barth 1987; P Bator 1988; P Benoit 1983; D Bernstein 1990; J Bickenbach 1982; J Bickenbach 1990; J Blair 1987d; E Blythin 1979; W Brockriede 1975; W Brockriede 1977; W Brockriede 1985; W Brown 1987; M Bruner 1983; M Cohen 1977; R Corliss 1972; E Dayton 1981; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1989c; F Eemeren, Kruiger 1987; F Eemeren, Grootendorst, Meuffels 1989; D Ehninger 1970; M Finocchiaro 1979a; M Finocchiaro 1988c; A Fisher 1987; A Fisher 1989; RFogelin 1985; V Follert 1981; J Freeman 1985; E Garver 1987; J Gasser 1987; J Golden, Makau 1982; A Goldman 1987; T Goode, Wettersten 1982; R Grootendorst 1987a; D Hample 1980; D Hample 1985; J Hoaglund 1989; S Jackson 1987; F Johnson 1984; R Jones 1981; C Kielkopf 1984; B Kirby 1986; C Kneupper 1981; A Lugg 1986; J Meiland 1981; J Meiland 1989; P Minkus 1980; D O'Keefe 1977; D O'Keefe 1982; P Pecorino 1980; A Rancer, Baukus, Infante 1985; J Ray 1978; R Rowland 1987; T Schwartz 1984; R Scott 1987; M Scriven 1987c; A Scult 1985; R Trapp 1986; R Trapp 1987; R Trapp 1987; R Trapp, Hoff 1985; G Walker, Congalton 1987; M Weinstein 1990a; J Wenzel 1977; J Wenzel 1980; J Wenzel 1982; C Willard 1978a; C Willard 1978b; C Willard 1979b; C Willard 1985: D Williams, Hazen 1990; K Wu 1982. Begging the question, petitio principii, circular arguments: J Barker 1976; J Barker 1978; D Basu 1986; J Biro 1977; J Biro 1984; G Colwell 1989; R Hoffman 1971; F Jackson 1984; 0 Johnson 1967-68; J Mackenzie 1979; J Mackenzie 1984a; J Mackenzie 1984b; C Myers 1978; H Palmer 1981; R Robinson 1971 b; R Robinson 1981; D Sanford 1972; D Sanford 1977; D Sanford 1981; M Snoeyenbos 1980; A Sparkes 1966; D Walton 1977; D Walton 1980b; D Walton, Batten 1984; M Williams 1967-68; J Woods, Walton 1975a; J Woods, Walton 1975b; J Woods, Walton 1977c; J Woods, Walton 1978a; J Woods, Walton 1982b; J Woods, Walton I 982c. Bibliographies: L Bomstad, Weddle 1989; C Champaud, Bassano 1987; R Church 1979; R Church, Buckley 1983; F Conklin 1968; F Conklin 1970; F Conklin 1971; R Cureton 1973; R Ennis 1987a; J Jensen 1989; R Johnson, Blair 1980a; R Johnson, Blair 1983a; L Olbrechts-Tyteca, Griffin-Collart 1979; P Pecorino 1987b; M Schmidt 1986a; W Semlak 1982; J Woods 1987b; D Walton 1988c. Critical thinking: J Adler 1987c; J Adler 1990b; D Annis, Annis 1979; LAnnis, Annis 1984; S Bailin 1987; SBailin 1989; M Battersby 1989; J Blair 1985; J Blair 1986b; J Blair 1987a; J Blair 1987c; J Blair 1988d; E d'Angelo 1974; R Ennis 1962; R Ennis 1964; R Ennis 1979; R Ennis 1980; R Ennis 1981b; R Ennis 1981c; R Ennis 1985; R Ennis 1987b; R Ennis 1989a; R Ennis 1989b; P Facione 1984; P Facione 1990a; M Finocchiaro 1988a; J Freeman 1989; T Govier 1983c; T Govier 1989b; J Hoaglund 1985; R Johnson 1988b; H Kahane 1989; L Langsdorf 1986; L Langsdorf 1987; J May 1986a; J May 1986b; J May 1988; J McPeck 1981a; J McPeck 1981b; J McPeck 1982; J McPeck 1984a; J McPeck 1985a; J McPeck 1985b; J McPeck 1985c; J McPeck 1985d; J McPeck 1987; R Miller 1986; C Missimer 1990; B Nelson 1980; D Nolen 1987; S Norris 1985; R Paul 1982; R Paul 1983; R Paul 1985a; R Paul 1985b; R Paul 1989; R Paul 1990; P Pecorino 1987a; H Reeder 1984; R Revlin, Leirer 1978; GRoss, Semb 1981; B Russell 1923; M Scriven 1984; M Scriven 1987 a; H Siegel 1980; H Siegel 1983; H Siegel 1987; H Siegel 1988; H Siegel 1989a; H Siegel 1989b; H Siegel 1989c; J Sproule 1987; H Taba 1979; P Wagner 1987; K Walters 1989; K Warren 1988; P Weddle 1985a; M Weinstein 1982b; M Weinstein 1988; I Wright, La Bar 1986. Deduction, conduction, induction: J Bickenbach 1979; G Englebretsen 1984; S Fohr 1980a; S Fohr 1980b; J Freeman 1983; J Freeman 1984; T Govier 1980c; T Govier 1987a; D Hitchcock 1980; D Hitchcock 1981; J Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett, Thagard 1986; F Johnson 1980; K Machina 1985; J ~olt 1984c; J Nolt 1985; J Nolt 1987; G Spangler 1984; P Weddle 1979; P Weddle 1980. Dialogic, dialogue games, the logic of questions: E Barth 1985c; E Barth, Krabbe 1982; J Bendegem 1985; J Blair 1986a; J Blair, Johnson 1987a; R Brown 1970; L Carlson 1983; F Damme 1984; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1988b; M Finocchiaro 1988b; N Gutenberg 1987; J Hintikka 1973; J Hintikka 1982; J Hintikka 1986; J Hintikka 1987b; J Hintikka, Hintikka 1982; P Hoven 1987; E Krabbe 1982; E Krabbe 1985; C Lumer 1988; J Mackenzie 1988c; W Mann 1988; R Manor 1982; R Manor 1984; M Meyer 1979; M Meyer 1982; I Mitroff 1982; R Pinto 1984; N Rescher 1977; A Robinet 1979; W Ulrich 1984; D Walton 1984; D Walton 1985b; D Walton 1988b; D Walton 1989a; D Walton 1989c; J Woods 1988b. Fallacy theory; nature of and classification of fallacies: C Abate 1979; L Apostel1971; J Biro 1987; J Blair 1988a; J Blair 1990; C Broad 1950; R Carroll 1983; F Cizek 1974; R Cole 1965; J Cox, Willard 1982; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1987a; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1989b; S Engel 1986b; S Engel 1986c; P Facione 1987; M Finocchiaro 1981; M Finocchiaro 1987b; R Fogelin, Duggan 1987; R George 1983a; I Good 1959; T Govier 1982b; R Grootendorst 1987b; CHamblin 1970; D Hample 1982; J Hintikka 1987a; G Jason 1986; G Jason 1989; R Johnson 1987b; R Johnson 1989; R Johnson 199Ob; H Kahane 1980; J Mackie 1967; R Maier 1987; J Marks 1988; E Marshall 1987; G Massey 1981a; J Oliver 1967; R Prasad 1950; D Rohatyn 1987; R Rowland 1984b; M Schmidt 1986b; M Secor 1987; W Ulrich 1985; D Walton 1987a; J Woods 1988a; J Woods 1988d; J Woods, Walton 1972; J Woods, Walton 1976c; J Woods, Bibliography 183 Walton 1981; J Woods, Walton 1982a: J Woods, Walton 1989. Formal and informal logic: B Aune 1986; E Barth 1990; S Doss 1985; S Doss 1989; R Girle 1988; T Govier 1982b; M Kroy 1974; J Largeault 1978; D Levi 1987; K Merrill 1982; H Petrie 1969; R Pomeroy 1982; G Ryle 1969; M Scriven 1980; J Smith 1984; D Walton 1981b; D Walton 1987c: P Weddle 1985b; M Weinstein 1982a; M Weinstein 1985a; J Woods 1980; J Woods 1989b. Histories, surveys, reports, state of the art: E Barth 1985b; J Blair, Johnson 1987b; A Fisher 1986; R Johnson, Blair 1980b; R Johnson, Blair 1985a: R Johnson, Blair 1985b; B Moore 1983: B Moore 1984; J Nolt 1984a; F Os canyon 1984; J Sproule 1986; T Tomko 1979; R Trapp 1981. Inference norms: J Adler 1989; D Allen 1988; K Bach 1984; E Krabbe 1987; C Missimer 1989b; S Thomas 1984; W Ulrich 1987. Informal logic and critical thinking: J Blair 1988b; J Blair, Johnson 1989; A Fisher 1988a; W Fisher 1978; W Fisher 1987; W Fisher 1980; L Langsdorf 1990; E MacKinnon 1986; D Orr 1989; M Scriven 1987d; H Siegel 1985a; H Siegel 1985b; M Weinstein 1990b; J Woods, Walton 1974b. Logic, reasoning and inference: M Black 1963; LCohen 1982; M Finocchiaro 1979b; M Finocchiaro 1984; L Goldstein 1988; P Goodwin, Wenzel 1979; E Griffrn-Collart 1979; B Gronbeck 1982; G Harman 1984; G Harman 1986; R Johnson 1988a; E Krabbe 1988; J Mackenzie 1989; K Manktelow, Over 1987; M Mostowski 1983; R ~isbett, Ross 1980; C Perelman 1980; D Perkins 1989; N Rescher 1976; M Resnik 1985; D Walton 199Oa; D Walton 1990b; B Winters 1983. Missing, hidden, unexpressed premises; assumptions, enthymemes: E Brandon 1986; M Burke 1985; S Carey 1988; TConley 1984; Ed'Angelo 1974; M Donn 1990; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1982b; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1983; R Ennis 1981b; R Ennis 1982; R George 1983b; J Gough, Tindale 1985; D Goulding 1965; D Hitchcock 1985; D Hitchcock 1987; D Lee 1973. 184 Index Pedagogy: Teaching and testing: W Benoit, Follert 1986; A Binker, Charbonneau 1983; R Binkley 1980; J Blair 1984; J Blair 1988c; E Brandon 1987; A Brinton 1981; D Clemens 1985; A Costa, Lowery 1989; D Couch 1981; P Covey 1981a; P Covey 1981b; H Crimme11980; H Crimmel 1981; F Eemeren, Grootendorst 1987b; R Ennis 1958; R Ennis 1981a; R Ennis 1984; R Ennis 1987c; J Evra 1985; P Facione 1986; P Facione 1989; P Facione 1990b; J Follman 1987; E Garver 1985; L Gibbs 1985; T Govier 1988b; T Govier 1988e; L Groarke, Tindale 1986; B Johnson 1980; D Lehman, Lempert, Nisbett 1988; M Lipman 1981; L Lowery 1989; D Lugenbehl 1985; J Makau 1987; W Maker 1982; G Massev 1981b; J McPeck 1984b; J McPeck 1990; [) Mowry 1980; R Nickerson, Perkins, Smith 1985; R Nisbett, Fong, Lehman, Cheng 1987; S Norris, Ennis 1989; S Norris, King 1984a; S Norris, King 1984b; S Norris, Ryan 1987; P Pecorino 1987c; L Resnick 1987; T Richards 1980; T Richards 1981; D Scherer, Facione 1977; T Schwartz 1981; R Swartz, Perkins 1989; W Taylor 1987; T Tomko 1981; T Tomko, Ennis 1980; D Walton 1988a; M Weinstein 1985b; A Wilson 1985; J Woods, Walton 1979a. Relevance: N Belnap 1981; J Blair 1989; G Bowles 1989a; G Bowles 1990; E Garver 1978; M Rees 1989; W Salmon 1981; D Walton 1982; J Wenzel 1989. The rhetorical dimension: C Arnold 1987; M Beardsley 1981; G Bouchard 1981; A Brinton 1986; A Brinton 1987; A Brinton 1988b; R Burke 1984; T Farrell 1977; S Foss, Foss, Trapp 1985; E Garver 1978; J Golden 1987; G Haarscher 1979; W Harpine 1985; R Hufford 1965; F Jacques 1979; W Kluback, Becker 1979; C Kneupper 1980; M Maneli 1979; R McKerrow 1977; R McKerrow 1978; R McKerrow 1982; M Meyer 1988b; J Nelson, Megill, McClosky 1987; S Noorden 1979; L OIbrechts- Tyteca 1979; D Parker 1972; C Perelman 1979a; C Perelman 1979b; C Perelman 1982; C Perelman 1989; C Perelman, 0lbrechts-Tyteca 1969; 0 Rebou11988; C Tindale, Groarke 1987; C Vasoli 1979; J Wenzel 1987b; J Wenzel 1987c; G Yoos 1984; G Yoos 1987; G Yoos 1988; H Zyskind 1979. HANS V. HANSEN 184 GENEVA STREET ST. CA THARINES ONTARIO L2R 4P5 i.J