item: #1 of 712 id: ital-10019 author: Fifarek, Aimee title: President's Column: For The Record date: 2017-06-28 words: 805 flesch: 58 summary: Next, we have a great new set of people coming in to lead LITA. Jenny has truly made the Executive Director position her own, and although she and Mark Beatty have more than enough work for six people, they are well on their way to guiding LITA to a bright new future. keywords: advocacy; ala; annual; board; committee; group; information; jenny; lita; new; people; president; privacy; time; work; year cache: ital-10019.pdf plain text: ital-10019.txt item: #2 of 712 id: ital-10022 author: Ozeran, Megan title: Managing Metadata for Philatelic Materials date: 2017-09-17 words: 5080 flesch: 41 summary: To provide an additional way to browse the collection, a sidebar in each digital record shows where it exists in the hierarchy of collections and provides links to each broader collection of which the current record is a part. This suggests that similarity of metadata across collections of the same type will improve users’ ability to conduct their research. keywords: additional; american; archival; archives; archivists; available; best; british; canada; canadian; catalogue; collections; content; cultural; date; description; digital; elements; end; example; fields; heritage; important; information; institutions; international; issue; lac; libraries; library; literature; materials; metadata; museum; national; note; number; online; ozeran; paper; philatelic; philatelic materials; postage; postal; records; research; researchers; review; rules; scott; smithsonian; society; stamp; standards; system; type; users cache: ital-10022.pdf plain text: ital-10022.txt item: #3 of 712 id: ital-10044 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Developing Relentless Collaborations and Powerful Partnerships date: 2017-06-28 words: 1703 flesch: 36 summary: Microsoft Word - June_ITAL_dehmlow_final.docx Editorial Board Thoughts: Developing Relentless Collaborations and Powerful Partnerships Mark Dehmlow INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2017 3 With the end of the performance and fiscal year wrapping up, it seemed like a good time to reflect on what change initiatives we have engaged in over the past few years that have strengthened the organizational effectiveness of the IT department in our library. We may advocate for staff and initiatives in our own verticals, but our drive is to be holistic stewards for the Libraries, not just our functional departments. keywords: campus; collaboration; common; culture; editorial; end; initiatives; leadership; libraries; library; oit; organizations; senior; sense; services; staff; strategic; support; team; thoughts; university; work; years cache: ital-10044.pdf plain text: ital-10044.txt item: #4 of 712 id: ital-10046 author: Clossen, Amanda S. title: Trope or Trap? Role-Playing Narratives and Length in Instructional Video date: 2018-03-19 words: 2830 flesch: 53 summary: However, what constitutes high quality is not very well established.15 Finally, screencast videos should include an example scenario, however brief, to ground the viewer in the task. These focused on video length, speaking pace, zoom functionality, and use of callouts.3 Martin and Martin’s extensive 2015 review covers content, compatibility, accessibility, and audio.4 The recommended length listed in these best practices varies widely. keywords: best; clossen; content; details; figure; information; instructional; interest; learning; length; libraries; library; likely; march; minutes; narrative; participants; percent; practices; preferences; research; respondents; results; role; roleplay; scenario; screencast; seductive; students; study; survey; technology; time; trap; trope; variety; video cache: ital-10046.pdf plain text: ital-10046.txt item: #5 of 712 id: ital-10060 author: Lou, Wen; Wang, Hui; He, Jiangen title: Of the People for the People: Digital Literature Resource Knowledge Recommendation Based on User Cognition date: 2018-09-26 words: 6723 flesch: 49 summary: User feedback on digital platforms has been proven to be one type of user cognition. In the unstructured data part, synopses and reviews were recorded as representatives of user cognition. keywords: analysis; author; books; bookstores; category; city; class; cognition; cognitive; comments; concepts; construction; content; cooking; core; current; data; design; digital; direct; example; experience; feedback; figure; food; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10060; indexing; information; ingredient; international; journal; keywords; knowledge; libraries; library; literature; lou; management; method; mock; model; modified; natural; needs; network; new; online; organization; paper; people; powell; process; processing; qiu; recommendation; related; relationship; research; resource; results; retrieval; reviews; satisfaction; science; search; semantic; september; service; structural; studies; study; subjects; system; technology; triples; unstructured; user; user cognition; wang; way; website cache: ital-10060.pdf plain text: ital-10060.txt item: #6 of 712 id: ital-10067 author: Marmion, Dan title: Editorial: How Do You Know Whence They Will Come? date: 2017-09-17 words: 951 flesch: 59 summary: Dan Marmion (dmarmion@nd.edu) is Associate Director of Information Systems and Access at Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Indiana. Abstracted in Computer & Information Systems, Computing Reviews, Information Science Abstracts, Library & Information Science Abstracts, Referativnyi Zhurnal, Nauclmaya i Tekhnicheskaya Informatsiya, Otdyelnyi Vypusk, and Science Abstracts Publications. keywords: access; catalog; dame; index; information; libraries; library; notre; online; point; primary; site; subject; systems; university; web cache: ital-10067.pdf plain text: ital-10067.txt item: #7 of 712 id: ital-10068 author: Jankowska, Maria Anna; Jankowski, Piotr title: Is This a Geolibrary? A Case of the Idaho Geospatial Data Center date: 2017-09-17 words: 4753 flesch: 53 summary: The use of IGDC is evaluated from the perspective of access and demand for geographic data. The usage of IGDC is evaluated from the perspective of access and demand for geographic data. keywords: access; alexandria; area; article; browser; case; center; client; collection; copyright; data; database; demand; digital; digital library; domain; download; figure; files; geographic; geographic data; geolibrary; geospatial; geospatial data; gis; idaho; igdc; information; interest; interface; internet; jankowska; libraries; list; map; mapping; maps; march; model; network; new; number; owner; panel; percent; permission; popular; project; public; queries; query; reproduction; results; selection; server; services; software; spatial; state; systems; technology; time; tools; traditional; university; user; web cache: ital-10068.pdf plain text: ital-10068.txt item: #8 of 712 id: ital-10069 author: Kibirige, Harry M.; DePalo, Lisa title: The Internet as a Source of Academic Research Information: Findings of Two Pilot Studies date: 2017-09-17 words: 4553 flesch: 55 summary: A trait that most undergradu- ates exhibit in their information-seeking behavior is approaching the reference librarian for suggestions of leads to information sources needed for the term paper topic. I The Pilot Studies With the general information-seeking behavior of aca- demic users in mind, the researchers decided to investi- gate the use of search engines for information sources in the academe in the New York metropolitan area. keywords: academic; behavior; coefficient; college; copyright; correlation; daily; databases; electronic; end; engines; faculty; high; information; institutions; instruction; internet; library; needs; network; new; online; owner; permission; pilot; predominant; preferred; process; professionals; questionnaire; reference; relevant; reproduction; research; resources; rom; search; search engines; searching; sig; skills; students; studies; study; subject; topical; undergraduate; university; users; viewdata; web; weekly; york cache: ital-10069.pdf plain text: ital-10069.txt item: #9 of 712 id: ital-10070 author: Su, Siew-Phek T.; Needamangala, Ashwin title: Harvesting Information from a Library Data Warehouse date: 2017-09-17 words: 7239 flesch: 66 summary: The dif- ferent data collected for import into the warehouse were bibliographic data, circulation data, order data, and pay data. 3 Little has been done, however, on the application of this cutting edge technology in the library environment using library data. keywords: -clarr; access; application; approval; bibliographic; c dlc; certain; circulation; cleansing; contents; copyright; corresponding; cost; data; data warehouse; database; date; decision; delimited; development; different; dlc; domain; english; example; explorer; factors; fcla; fields; figure; file; firm; florida; harvesting; host; hull; information; item; libraries; library; library data; loss; management; march; microsoft; mining; needamangala; noncirculated; notis; number; option; order; owner; percentage; permission; present; process; program; project; queries; query; querying; record; report; reproduction; result; scraping; screen; sql; step; support; system; tables; technology; text(20; time; titles; university; user; view; warehouse; wizard; ybp1996 cache: ital-10070.pdf plain text: ital-10070.txt item: #10 of 712 id: ital-10071 author: Soderdahl, Paul A.; Hughes, Carol Ann title: That's My Bailiwick: A Library-Sponsored Faculty Research Web Server date: 2017-09-17 words: 4302 flesch: 46 summary: Finally, since there is a close rela- tionship between the Information Arcade and the university libraries Web site, system administration and Web server support is all handled in- house as well. A History of Innovation The heart of the Bailiwick Project within the library environment is the Information Arcade, an award-win- ning facility located in the University of Iowa's Main Library. keywords: ability; academic; arcade; available; bailiwick; campus; communication; computing; content; copyright; course; design; development; digital; electronic; environment; essay; facility; faculty; figure; graduate; home; information; information arcade; internet; iowa; libraries; library; links; medium; member; multimedia; new; number; owner; permission; personal; place; professor; project; publishing; reproduced; reproduction; research; resources; scholarly; server; sites; space; staff; students; studies; support; teaching; technology; university; use; video; web; work cache: ital-10071.pdf plain text: ital-10071.txt item: #11 of 712 id: ital-10072 author: Walter, Scottt title: Engelond: A Model for Faculty-Librarian Collaboration in the Information Age date: 2017-09-17 words: 6903 flesch: 40 summary: From the beginning, the librarian and the faculty member modeled an integrat- ed approach to the evaluation of information resources for their stu- dents; one that drew both on generic critical thinking skills and on specific examples of how such skills might be applied to resources in their field. Again, the librarian and the faculty member modeled for the students an approach to the critical evaluation of information resources that drew not only on the professional expertise of the librarian, but also on the scholar- ly expertise of the faculty member . keywords: ability; academic; arcade; available; bailiwick; campus; chaucer; classroom; classroom faculty; collaboration; course; criteria; critical; design; development; educational; electronic; engelond; engelond project; engelond site; evaluation; faculty; general; guide; information; information literacy; information resources; information technology; instruction; internet; internet resources; learning; librarian; libraries; library; literacy; medieval; member; miller; model; new; nichols; number; page; past; permission; picks; program; project; reference; related; research; resources; review; semester; services; site; skills; specific; students; studies; subject; teaching; technology; thinking; university; use; voigts; walter; ways; web; web site; work; years cache: ital-10072.pdf plain text: ital-10072.txt item: #12 of 712 id: ital-10073 author: Borin, Jacqueline title: Site License Initiatives in the United Kingdom: The PSLI and NESLI Experience date: 2017-09-17 words: 4074 flesch: 50 summary: The initiative addresses the most effective use, access, and purchase of electronic journals in the academic library community. Additionally they will be look- ing at solutions for longer term archiving of electronic journals to provide a comfort level for librarians purchasing electronic keywords: academic; access; blackwell; chest; community; consortia; databases; delivery; education; electronic; follett; funding; group; hefce; higher; higher education; information; initiative; institutions; jisc; journals; kingdom; libraries; library; license; license initiative; material; model; national; nesli; niss; nov; permission; pilot; print; program; psli; publishers; report; resources; review; scholarly; serials; services; site; site license; software; state; subscription; technology; text; united; university; use; users; web cache: ital-10073.pdf plain text: ital-10073.txt item: #13 of 712 id: ital-10074 author: England, Mark; Joseph, Lura; Schlect, Nem W. title: A Low-Cost Library Database Solution date: 2017-09-17 words: 3086 flesch: 62 summary: The Collective Bibliography of North Dakota Geology In 1996 a project was initiated to combine three bibliographies of North Dakota geology and to make the final product searchable and browsable on the Web. Scott , Annotated Bibliography of the Geology of North Dakota 1960-1979 North Dakota Geological Survey Miscellaneous Series, no. 60. keywords: access; apache; available; bibliographies; bibliography; dakota; data; database; fields; file; forum; geological; geology; index; indexes; indexing; information; interface; libraries; library; microsoft; mysql; nesli; newspaper; north; north dakota; nov; perl; permission; records; relational; search; serials; server; simple; site; software; solution; survey; technology; text; university; unix; web; www cache: ital-10074.pdf plain text: ital-10074.txt item: #14 of 712 id: ital-10075 author: Zhou, Jian-Zhong (Joe) title: The Internet, the World Wide Web, Library Web Browsers, and Library Web Servers date: 2017-09-17 words: 2333 flesch: 61 summary: According to the University of Delaware Library's 1998 survey of Internet Web servers among ARL member libraries, more than 32 per- cent of ARL libraries chose Apache as their Web server software, fol- lowed by the Netscape series at 29.32 percent, NCSA HTTPd at 11.28 per- cent, and Microsoft Internet Inform- ation Server (IIS) at 7.52 percent. It is no longer supported by NCSA, howev- er, HTTPd remains a popular choice for Web servers due to its small size, fast performance, and solid collec- tion of features . keywords: apache; arl; article; available; browser; data; delaware; development; end; great; high; information; internet; level; libraries; library; market; microsoft; mosaic; ncsa; netscape; percent; permission; protocols; server; share; software; survey; system; university; web; wide; windows; www cache: ital-10075.pdf plain text: ital-10075.txt item: #15 of 712 id: ital-10076 author: Marmion, Dan title: Pearls: Pixel Sizes for Web Pages date: 2017-09-17 words: 549 flesch: 65 summary: Subject: [WEB4LIB] Pixel s izes for web pages Dan Marmion pages. It is actually possible to design web sites that are equally usable , even equally beautiful, under a wide range of view- Ing conditions. keywords: images; monitor; pages; pearls; pixels; size; thomas; web; web4lib; wide; window cache: ital-10076.pdf plain text: ital-10076.txt item: #16 of 712 id: ital-10077 author: Zillner, Tom title: Book Reviews date: 2017-09-17 words: 2433 flesch: 53 summary: The books I am reviewing this month are interrelated because they both focus on information technology and our changing world, with the two volumes looking at different levels of the picture. As Nardi and O'Day note, there is a ten- dency to either enthusiastically applaud new technology without regard to its effects, or to condemn all new technology as inherently debas- ing to humanity, or to simply resign oneself pessimistically to the inevitable development of technolo- gy and our lack of control over it. keywords: anthropological; book; computer; ecologies; effects; equation; human; important; information; libraries; media; metaphor; multimedia; nardi; nass; new; o'day; particular; people; permission; reeves; set; software; subliminal; techniques; technological; technologies; technology; turn; user; values; views; way; world cache: ital-10077.pdf plain text: ital-10077.txt item: #17 of 712 id: ital-10078 author: Helmer, John F. title: Editorial: I Inhaled date: 2017-09-17 words: 1242 flesch: 49 summary: 59 Editorial: I Inhaled T his editorial introduces the third special issue of Information Technology and Libraries dedicated to library consortia, and the second primarily aimed at surveying consortial activities outside the United States. Jim and I discussed these questions and speculated on future roles for library consortia and their impact on member libraries. keywords: ala; american; ant; cameroonian; consortia; copyright; editorial; information; issue; ital; jim; libraries; library; orbis; permission; production; services; special; spore; systems; technology; time; united; variety; weschler; work cache: ital-10078.pdf plain text: ital-10078.txt item: #18 of 712 id: ital-10079 author: Krzyzanowski, Rosaly Favero; Taruhn, Rosane title: Electronic Library for Scientific Journals: Consortium Project in Brazil date: 2017-09-17 words: 3241 flesch: 38 summary: Electronic library for scientific journals: Consortium project in Brazil Rosaly Favero Krzyzanowski;Taruhn, Rosane Information Technology and Libraries; Jun 2000; 19, 2; ProQuest pg. The consortium presupposes invigoration of coopera- tive activities among member libraries by promoting the central administration of electronic publication databases as part of a shared library system visible to all and replete with access facilities. keywords: access; acquisition; addition; available; brazil; collections; consortium; copyright; costs; current; development; electronic; electronic library; fapesp; information; institute; institutions; international; journals; knowledge; krzyzanowski; libraries; library; means; member; network; owner; paper; paulo; permission; project; publications; publishers; publishing; reproduction; research; sao; sao paulo; science; scientific; state; subscriptions; support; system; technology; titles; use; user; web cache: ital-10079.pdf plain text: ital-10079.txt item: #19 of 712 id: ital-10080 author: Dai, Longji; Chen, Ling; Zhang, Hongyang title: China Academic Library and Information System: An Academic Library Consortium in China date: 2017-09-17 words: 3072 flesch: 45 summary: It resembles multi- state consortia in the United States with respect to geo- graphic distribution of member libraries, but it is like tightly knit or even centrally funded statewide ones in terms of management.2 The CALIS members are distributed in twenty-seven provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China, mak- ing an entirely centralized management difficult. in one of five general areas-humanities, social science, and science; engineering and technology; agriculture and forestry; medicine; and national defense-in coordina- tion with regional centers and member libraries. keywords: academic; academic library; administrative; areas; beijing; calis; cataloguing; center; chen; china; chinese; consortium; construction; copyright; dai; databases; development; director; document; electronic; funds; government; information; interlibrary; libraries; library; lita; loan; major; management; member; member libraries; national; network; online; owner; periodicals; permission; platforms; project; protocol; regional; reproduction; resources; science; service; sharing; software; staff; structure; system; technology; union; universities; university; web cache: ital-10080.pdf plain text: ital-10080.txt item: #20 of 712 id: ital-10081 author: Bush, Carmel title: Prospector: A Multivendor, Multitype, and Multistate Western Union Catalog date: 2017-09-17 words: 9567 flesch: 44 summary: Prospector member libraries have been asked to be as inclusive as possible in contributing bibliographic records to the union catalog. However, because of the large number of online library catalogs (too many Z39.50 targets cause broadcast searching to be slow) and 72 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES I JUNE 2000 poor network infrastructure in some parts of the state, the creation of physical union catalogs, such as Prospector, greatly enhanced the ability for a project such as ACLIN to be successful. keywords: academic; access; alliance; available; best; bibliographic; borrowing; bush; carl; catalog; cataloging; central; circulation; colorado; colorado alliance; committee; copyright; database; delivery; development; directors; display; document; electronic; endeavor; entry; force; garrison; global; goals; grant; group; holdings; inc; individual; information; innovative; interfaces; issues; item; lending; level; libraries; library; loan; local; local catalog; machovec; major; master; materials; member; member libraries; new; number; online; order; owner; participants; patron; permission; policies; policy; practices; process; project; prospector; public; reach; record; reed; reproduction; request; research; resources; searching; service; site; software; special; specifications; staff; state; system; task; task force; technology; training; unified; unified catalog; union catalog; university; users; vendors; web; work cache: ital-10081.pdf plain text: ital-10081.txt item: #21 of 712 id: ital-10082 author: Giordano, Tommaso title: Digital Resource Sharing and Library Consortia in Italy date: 2017-09-17 words: 4797 flesch: 37 summary: Sharing electronic resources is the theme of greatest interest today in university libraries, where various ini- tiatives are aimed at setting up consortia to purchase licenses and run digital products. Over and above the validity of the projects already carried out or under way (important as that is), this programme has been very valuable to Italian libraries in terms of exchanges of experience and of open- ing up professional horizons, especially as regards coop- eration practice.s Digital Cooperation Recently, following the expansion of electronic publish- ing, university libraries have been displaying renewed interest in cooperation activities with particular reference to acquiring licenses and sharing electronic resources. keywords: activities; administration; agreement; area; associations; autonomy; catalogue; central; centre; computing; consortia; context; cooperation; copyright; countries; current; debate; decision; digital; electronic; electronic information; european; florence; giordano; hand; infer; information; initiatives; institute; interest; italian; italy; legal; libraries; library; library consortia; licenses; management; mention; national; network; number; owner; periodicals; permission; professional; programme; project; public; publishers; reference; reproduction; research; resources; sbn; scale; sector; services; sharing; support; systems; technology; terms; today; trends; universities; university; way; years cache: ital-10082.pdf plain text: ital-10082.txt item: #22 of 712 id: ital-10083 author: Cutright, Patricia title: Consortia Building: A Handshake and a Smile, Island Style date: 2017-09-17 words: 4555 flesch: 42 summary: The 607 different islands, atolls, and islets dot an immense expanse of ocean; this geographic condition presents challenges in implementing and enhancing library services and technology. The FSM has now established six major goals to carry out its responsibilities and the need for overall improvement in and delivery of library services: 1. keywords: access; archives; basic; building; catalog; collaboration; community; consortia; cooperation; copyright; cutright; delivery; development; document; education; electronic; facilities; fsm; goals; group; high; holdings; implementation; information; internet; islands; libraries; library; library services; micronesia; museums; national; needed; needs; new; outreach; owner; pacific; partnerships; past; permission; plan; population; priorities; programs; project; public; region; reproduction; resources; school; services; sharing; site; small; staff; states; system; technical; technologies; technology; training; users; year cache: ital-10083.pdf plain text: ital-10083.txt item: #23 of 712 id: ital-10084 author: Barrionuevo, Miguel Duarte title: New Strategies in Library Services Organization: Consortia University Libraries in Spain date: 2017-09-17 words: 5164 flesch: 38 summary: Quality management, effectiveness and efficiency measuring, costs control, services assessment, and users content or analysis from the stakeholders' point of view are con- cepts that emerge in university libraries. In order to adjust to the circumstances, universities are changing their management procedures, and university libraries have been forced into managing their business accord- ing to managerial criteria. keywords: 80s; academic; access; activities; andalucian; apr; automation; barrionuevo; basis; bibliotecas; budget; cadiz; catalog; catalonia; conference; consortia; context; cooperation; copyright; costs; data; development; different; directors; efficiency; efforts; electronic; end; following; general; government; groups; information; initiatives; institutions; june; las; level; libraries; library; library consortia; library services; loan; madrid; management; market; need; network; new; objectives; order; organization; owner; permission; principals; projects; public; quality; rebiun; regional; reproduction; research; resources; result; scientific; services; spain; spanish; systems; technological; technologies; technology; union; universidad; universities; university; university libraries; users; years cache: ital-10084.pdf plain text: ital-10084.txt item: #24 of 712 id: ital-10085 author: Zillner, Tom; Morgan, Eric Lease title: Book Reviews date: 2017-09-17 words: 4602 flesch: 60 summary: Although many libraries and librari- ans have faced painful conversion processes over the years in moving through generations of automated systems, it might be interesting to see if there are still traces of underlying code that owe their existence to back- ward compatibility. The real meat of the book is whether, in fact, it is better to offer to people the flash of metaphor with the recognition that power and certain levels of choice are lost, as with graphical user interfaces exemplified by Windows and the Macintosh, or whether it is better to have at least some access to the command line interface, which MS/DOS offered and members of the UNIX family (e.g., Linux) afford. keywords: abundance; access; applications; beginning; better; book; code; command; computer; copyright; cultures; customization; databases; desktop; development; example; exchange; fact; free; gift; gui; important; information; interface; kinds; librarianship; libraries; library; line; linux; macintosh; metaphors; new; number; open; operating; owner; people; permission; power; process; raymond; reproduction; reviews; search; single; software; source; stephenson; systems; things; time; type; user; value; visual; web; windows; work; world; york cache: ital-10085.pdf plain text: ital-10085.txt item: #25 of 712 id: ital-10086 author: Yelton, Andromeda title: President's Message: 50 Years date: 2017-09-17 words: 593 flesch: 55 summary: LITA was voted into existence (as ISAD, the Information Science and Automation Division) in Detroit at Midwinter 1966. September_ITAL_yelton_final President’s Message: 50 Years Andromeda Yelton INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2017 1 Fifty years. keywords: automation; fact; library; lita; members; president; reading; time; today; work; years; yelton cache: ital-10086.pdf plain text: ital-10086.txt item: #26 of 712 id: ital-10087 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Content and Functionality--Know When to Buy 'Em, Know When to Code 'Em date: 2017-09-17 words: 1598 flesch: 39 summary: Libraries are faced with an actual, rather than hypothetical, choice between building or buying fundamental user interfaces and systems As the internet has evolved, and coding has become more central to the skillset of many libraries, the capability of libraries to seriously consider building their own interfaces has grown. For libraries concerned about user privacy, the risk of exposure is somewhat mitigated by managing the discovery or access layer in-house -- and deciding to maintain a level of user information that suits that particular library’s comfort level -- and potentially minimizing the single point of failure for breaches. keywords: access; applications; board; build; content; course; criterion; data; decision; development; editorial; information; interface; libraries; library; local; needs; system; term; thoughts; tools; user; vendor; way cache: ital-10087.pdf plain text: ital-10087.txt item: #27 of 712 id: ital-10113 author: Buell, Jesi; Sandford, Mark title: From Dreamweaver to Drupal: A University Library Website Case Study date: 2018-06-18 words: 4130 flesch: 48 summary: Create wireframe templates for homepage (web librarian) e. Begin transferring content from old website to new website and create new content with other stakeholders—to be completed by mid-summer (web librarian) What separates library websites from other informational or commercial websites is the complexity of the information architecture—they contain both intricate informational and transactional functions. keywords: analysis; associate; august; buell; changes; cms; colgate; content; database; design; digital; director; discovery; dreamweaver; drupal; external; faculty; goals; group; information; initiatives; january; knowledge; layer; librarian; libraries; library; list; needs; new; old; pages; peer; permissions; platform; proposal; sandford; sites; staff; systems; team; technology; timeline; university; users; wdc; web librarian; website cache: ital-10113.pdf plain text: ital-10113.txt item: #28 of 712 id: ital-10146 author: Hart, Timothy Robert; de Vries, Denise title: Metadata Provenance and Vulnerability date: 2017-12-22 words: 4333 flesch: 48 summary: ABSTRACT The preservation of digital objects has become an urgent task in recent years as it has been realised that digital media have a short life span. Migration involves migrating digital objects to a different and currently supported file type. keywords: authenticity; case; changes; content; creation; date; descriptive; digital; digital objects; document; donor; elements; emulation; file; future; hart; history; image; important; information; libraries; loss; media; metadata; methods; migration; modification; multiple; objects; original; pdf; premis; preservation; preserved; preserving; provenance; record; software; study; technical; technology; time; types; users; version; vries; vulnerability cache: ital-10146.pdf plain text: ital-10146.txt item: #29 of 712 id: ital-10160 author: Howard, Heather A.; Huber, Sarah; Carter, Lisa V.; Moore, Elizabeth Anne title: Academic Libraries on Social Media: Finding the Students and the Information They Want date: 2018-03-19 words: 4268 flesch: 49 summary: In another survey given to undergraduate students from three information technology classes at Florida State University, one question examined the perceived importance of different library social media postings to students. We conducted a survey at four of the nine campus libraries to determine student social media habits and preferences. keywords: academic; business; campus; carter; content; daily; different; events; facebook; howard; huber; information; instagram; libraries; library; likely; march; media; moore; news; percent; platforms; purdue; questions; research; resources; results; services; snapchat; social; social media; students; study; survey; table; technology; touch; twitter; university; usage; use; youtube cache: ital-10160.pdf plain text: ital-10160.txt item: #30 of 712 id: ital-10170 author: Guo, Ya Jun; Liu, Yan Quan; Bielefield, Arlene title: The Provision of Mobile Services in US Urban Libraries date: 2018-06-18 words: 5420 flesch: 49 summary: Mobile patrons need mobile libraries to provide them with services. Patrons no longer think that it is necessary for them to be physically in the library building to use library services, and they are eager to obtain 24/7 access to library resources anywhere using their mobile devices. keywords: access; analysis; apps; association; authors; bielefield; books; catalog; communities; contact; content; databases; desktop; devices; digital; facebook; figure; guo; hours; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170; information; june; laptops; librarian; libraries; library; liu; locations; media; meeting; mobile; mobile apps; mobile devices; mobile printing; mobile services; mobile websites; new; patrons; printing; provision; public; reference; reserve; results; room; services; social; study; survey; technology; text; types; university; urban; urban libraries; use; users; websites; wireless cache: ital-10170.pdf plain text: ital-10170.txt item: #31 of 712 id: ital-10177 author: Sharma, Kumar; Marjit, Ujjal; Biswas, Utpal title: Efficiently Processing and Storing Library Linked Data using Apache Spark and Parquet date: 2018-09-26 words: 8112 flesch: 54 summary: Apache Spark is used for parallel processing of large data sets and a column-oriented schema is proposed for storing RDF data. Given an existing RDF dataset, we designed a schema for storing RDF data using a column- oriented database. keywords: apache; approach; bibliographic; big; big data; book; challenges; collection; column; conference; data; database; dataframe; datasets; different; disk; distributed; driver; environment; example; execution; figure; file; formats; hadoop; hdfs; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10177; indexing; information; international; issues; jena; large; libraries; library; library data; linked; mapreduce; marjit; memory; metadata; model; national; nodes; number; object; open; parquet; predicate; processing; queries; query; querying; rdd; rdds; rdf; rdf data; records; related; resources; schema; select; semantic; september; sesame; sharma; size; spark; sparql; sql; storage; store; storing; structure; subject; system; tasks; tdb; technologies; technology; time; traditional; triples; use; value; volume; web; worker; xml cache: ital-10177.pdf plain text: ital-10177.txt item: #32 of 712 id: ital-10181 author: Khan, Muzammil; Rahman, Arif Ur title: A Systematic Approach Towards Web Preservation date: 2019-03-18 words: 8997 flesch: 36 summary: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2019 79 Disadvantages associated with web crawling: • Much work is required, as well as tools or development expertise and experience, etc. One of the mediums that uses this information is the World Wide Web (WWW). keywords: access; activities; approach; archival; archive; archiving; archivist; articles; associated; audio; automatic; available; best; capture; capturing; centric; collection; common; community; computer; conference; contents; core; crawler; different; digital; digital information; digital news; digital preservation; discovery; domain; example; external; files; following; future; harvesting; help; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i1.10181; images; information; information technology; initiatives; intended; international; khan; layout; level; libraries; library; links; list; long; management; march; metadata; model; national; need; news; objects; online; pages; possible; preservation; preservation process; preserved; process; project; queries; rahman; related; research; resources; results; scope; search; second; selection; selective; server; specific; springer; standard; step; stories; story; structure; study; systematic; systematic approach; technique; technologies; technology; term; textual; tools; topic; type; university; user; video; web; web archive; web archiving; web contents; web pages; web preservation; web resources; websites; world; www cache: ital-10181.pdf plain text: ital-10181.txt item: #33 of 712 id: ital-10191 author: Galbreath, Blake Lee; Johnson, Corey; Hvizdak, Erin title: Primo New User Interface: Usability Testing and Local Customizations Implemented in Response date: 2018-06-18 words: 9456 flesch: 60 summary: Similar to comments made by DeMars, study participants also remarked that the layout of the Full Display was cluttered and difficult to read.20 We therefore took steps to make this page more readable for the viewer. Study participants displayed the greatest difficulty completing the remaining four task sets: selecting a Main Menu item, refining a search via the facets, using the Actions Menu, and navigating the My Favorites functionality. keywords: able; account; actions; advanced; area; articles; associated; availability; available; book; chat; check; citation; classic; clicks; commentary; design; difficulty; display; email; facet; favorites; figure; functionality; galbreath; help; hvizdak; icon; information; interface; item; johnson; june; libraries; library; link; list; main; menu; new; number; options; page; participant; pin; primo; primo new; question; record; request; research; research question; results; search; searches; set(s; sign; status; study; successful; task; task(s; technology; testing; text; university; usability; use; user; yes cache: ital-10191.pdf plain text: ital-10191.txt item: #34 of 712 id: ital-10208 author: Godfrey, Bruce; Stoddart, Rick title: Managing In-Library Use Data: Putting a Web Geographic Information Systems Platform through its Paces date: 2018-06-18 words: 5182 flesch: 41 summary: GIS proved to be a valuable tool for Xia to track the spatial distribution of books in the library environment.9 Xia went on to measure and visualize the occupancy of study space using ArcView.10 Lastly, Xia used ArcView as an item-locating system within the physical space of the library.11 More recently, Mandel utilized MapWindow, an open-source desktop GIS originally developed at Idaho State University, for creating maps of fictional in-library use data.12 Mandel’s process demonstrated how a GIS could be utilized to visualize the use of library spaces for marketing materials and services as well as graphically depicting a library’s value. Fusing the capabilities of these new platforms with traditional observational methods of gathering data on how people are using library spaces extends the body of knowledge and offers interesting new opportunities for research such as cross-institutional comparisons. keywords: ability; academic; advantage; application; arcgis; area; assessment; available; building; capabilities; collection; data; database; desktop; esri; feature; figure; floor; geographic; gis; godfrey; group; idaho; information; institutions; interface; june; learning; librarian; libraries; library; library use; limitation; management; managing; map; metadata; observations; online; opportunities; personnel; pilot; platform; point; potential; project; research; schemas; services; sharing; software; space; stoddart; study; table; technology; time; type; university; use; users; web; xia cache: ital-10208.pdf plain text: ital-10208.txt item: #35 of 712 id: ital-10230 author: Wilkinson, Jaci title: Accessible, Dynamic Web Content Using Instagram date: 2018-03-19 words: 3631 flesch: 44 summary: This is tied to the high number of Instagram users who are college-age.15 Another reason libraries select Instagram is because it has more diverse users than other social media applications, specifically African Americans and Latinos.16 Although “crawling, scraping, and caching” are prohibited by Instagram’s terms of use, other Instagram feeds in GitHub have similar workarounds and point out that a plugin/scraper “uses (the) same endpoint that Instagram is using in their own site, so it’s arguable if the TOC [terms of use] can prohibit the use of openly available information. keywords: academic; accessibility; accessible; account; alt; api; application; archives; asc; code; collections; community; content; developer; dynamic; embed; facebook; feed; homepage; information; instagram; institutions; librarian; libraries; library; literature; mansfield; march; media; november; possible; posts; process; research; resources; sandbox; services; social; social media; special; staff; students; technology; text; university; use; user; web; website; wilkinson cache: ital-10230.pdf plain text: ital-10230.txt item: #36 of 712 id: ital-10237 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor date: 2017-12-22 words: 359 flesch: 55 summary: Originally published as the Journal of Library Automation, ITAL has a long history of tracking the rapid-fire changes in technology as it relates to libraries. Much as it has over the past 50 years, technology will continue to change not just the way libraries offer services to their communities, but the way we conceptualize what it is we do. keywords: editor; ital; journal; libraries; technology cache: ital-10237.pdf plain text: ital-10237.txt item: #37 of 712 id: ital-10238 author: Yelton, Andromeda title: President’s Message date: 2017-12-22 words: 852 flesch: 51 summary: Ken’s distinguished record of LITA service includes stints on the ITAL Editorial Board and the LITA Board of Directors, so he knows the journal very well From the galvanizing topic, to the sophisticated visual and auditory design, to the frisson of genius and creativity buzzing all around a room of artists, activists, professors, poets, data scientists and software engineers, it was a remarkable experience for us all. keywords: artists; black; data; forum; ital; ken; library; lita; mit; new; president; public; services; technology; work; yelton cache: ital-10238.pdf plain text: ital-10238.txt item: #38 of 712 id: ital-10239 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Reinvesting in Our Traditional Personnel Through Knowledge Sharing and Training date: 2017-12-22 words: 1356 flesch: 34 summary: For decades, technologists have been in the privileged position of having the necessary skills to advance the profession’s digital future, but it will be important for technologists in libraries to integrate the many valuable skills other personnel can offer so that they also can evolve in ways that best support our organizations – leveraging foundational library skills to enhance overall organizational capacity to accomplish tasks that are increasingly requiring technical expertise. Technologists will need to be open to incorporating foundational library skills, to collaborating and learning from other library specialists, to thinking of their positions more broadly, and, for those who live in ivory towers (you know who you are), to eliminating the silos they’ve built and collaborate, cooperate, and engage. keywords: digital; knowledge; learning; libraries; library; metadata; new; organizations; personnel; positions; professionals; skills; specialized; staff; systems; technical; technologists; technology; tools; training; ways; work cache: ital-10239.pdf plain text: ital-10239.txt item: #39 of 712 id: ital-10240 author: Willis, Samuel Kent; O'Reilly, Faye title: Enhancing Visibility of Vendor Accessibility Documentation date: 2018-09-26 words: 6557 flesch: 20 summary: Step 3, “Communicating with Vendors,” involves inquiring about the accessibility of electronic products in addition to asking about any future plans for accessibility of their product and requesting VPATs or other vendor supplied accessibility documentation. A main objective of this study was to determine a method of increasing the visibility of vendor accessibility documentation for the benefit of our users. keywords: accessibility; accessibility documentation; accessible; accuracy; act; ada; address; agee; americans; available; books; colker; content; current; databases; delancey; design; digital; disabilities; documentation; education; electronic; email; federal; guidelines; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10240; ict; important; information; information technology; institutions; learning; level; libraries; library; list; materials; mune; need; online; ostergaard; oud; patrons; percent; persons; platforms; press; product; public; rehabilitation; request; research; resources; response; review; screen; section; septmeber; service; standards; statements; step; study; technology; title; transcripts; tutorials; university; users; vendor accessibility; vendors; visibility; vpat; wcag; web; website; willis; work cache: ital-10240.pdf plain text: ital-10240.txt item: #40 of 712 id: ital-10308 author: Shen, Yaqi title: Library Space Information Model Based on GIS — A Case Study of Shanghai Jiao Tong University date: 2018-09-26 words: 4030 flesch: 50 summary: This model will be expanded to the whole library, providing visual information of library books and materials. Book information can be found through the systems, but the exact position of the books cannot be exhibited in the system. keywords: analysis; attribute; barcode; book; bookshelf; borrowing; collection; data; different; explore; field; figure; frequency; geographic; gis; information; information model; jiao; layer; libraries; library; location; lsim; management; maps; model; number; opac; permanent; position; public; query; readers; reading; research; rfid; room; services; shanghai; shen; space; spatial; system; technology; tong; university; university library; use; visual; xia cache: ital-10308.pdf plain text: ital-10308.txt item: #41 of 712 id: ital-10338 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: ITAL Editorial Board Thoughts. Halfway Home: User Centered Design and Library Websites date: 2018-03-19 words: 826 flesch: 65 summary: The fact that this need was missed through our focus on User Centered Design points to a blind spot in that process. And yet, don’t get me wrong: Insofar as it’s the empirical study of select user groups and their expressed concerns and needs, User Centered Design as a design technique and foundational principle is crucially important and useful. keywords: blind; board; design; editorial; experience; floor; librarians; library; maps; needs; site; study; user cache: ital-10338.pdf plain text: ital-10338.txt item: #42 of 712 id: ital-10339 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1960's in Review date: 2018-03-19 words: 617 flesch: 50 summary: This situation will change in time, but it seems safe to assume that automated library systems will continue to be characterized by instability and change for the next several years. As this current 2018 volume of ITAL proceeds, we’ll be surveying the morphing information technology and libraries landscape through ITAL articles of the seventies, eighties, and nineties. keywords: article; best; development; information; issue; ital; librarians; library; systems; technological; technology; view; volume cache: ital-10339.pdf plain text: ital-10339.txt item: #43 of 712 id: ital-10357 author: Ziegler, Scott; Shrake, Richard title: PAL: Toward a Recommendation System for Manuscripts date: 2018-09-26 words: 4567 flesch: 48 summary: Upon signing in, a registered user sees a list of links (figure 2); each link leads to a full-page view of collection recommendations (figure 3). Developed by Atlas Systems, Aeon is a “request and workflow management software specifically designed for special collections libraries and archives,” and it enables the APS to gather statistics on both the use of our manuscript collections and on aspects of the library’s users.2 keywords: aeon; aeondata.dbo.transactions.callnumber; aeondata.dbo.transactions.username; aid; american; aps; collection; data; early; example; figure; finding; history; information; interest; item; libraries; library; link; list; manuscripts; number; pal; patron; philosophical; recommendations; request; research; select; september; shrake; society; system; technology; topic; user; value; xml; xsl; ziegler cache: ital-10357.pdf plain text: ital-10357.txt item: #44 of 712 id: ital-10386 author: Yelton, Andromeda title: President's Message date: 2018-03-19 words: 582 flesch: 49 summary: For instance, we’ve heard for years that you, LITA members, want more of a leadership training pathway, and more ways to stay involved with your LITA home as you move into management; alignment with LLAMA automatically opens up all kinds of possibilities. President’s Message Andromeda Yelton INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2018 2 Andromeda Yelton (andromeda.yelton@gmail.com) is LITA President 2017-18 and Senior Software Engineer, MIT Libraries, Cambridge, Massachusetts. keywords: alcts; change; conference; leadership; lita; llama; message; new; president; technology cache: ital-10386.pdf plain text: ital-10386.txt item: #45 of 712 id: ital-10388 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (March 2018) date: 2018-03-19 words: 431 flesch: 49 summary: We seek to have an editorial board that represents the diversity of library technology practitioners, and particularly invite individuals from non-academic libraries and underrepresented demographic groups to apply. From “automating” existing services and functions a half century ago, libraries are now using technology to rethink, recreate, and reinvent services — often in areas that simply were in the realm of science fiction. keywords: board; editorial; journal; libraries; technology; today cache: ital-10388.pdf plain text: ital-10388.txt item: #46 of 712 id: ital-10405 author: Thomchick, Richard; San Nicolas-Rocca, Tonia title: Application Level Security in a Public Library: A Case Study date: 2018-12-17 words: 5647 flesch: 27 summary: There is little or no evidence in the literature that libraries are aware of the associated vulnerabilities, threats, or risks, or that researchers have evaluated the use of HTTPS in library web applications. While there is ample literature on the topic of patron privacy, there appears to be a lack of empirical studies that measure the use of HTTPS to protect the privacy of data transmitted to and from patrons when they use library web applications.2 The Primal Importance of Patron Privacy Patron privacy has long been one of the most important principles of the library profession in the U.S. As early as 1939, the Code of Ethics for Librarians explicitly stated, “It is the librarian’s obligation to treat as confidential any private information obtained through contact with li brary patrons.”3 keywords: access; active; ala; american; application; association; attacks; automated; browser; cloud; communication; computing; confidentiality; content; cookies; data; electronic; ethics; https; identifiable; impact; implementation; information; information technology; internet; journal; level; libraries; library; literature; mixed; new; nicolas; online; opac; page; passive; patron; patron privacy; pii; privacy; protocol; public; public library; qualys; records; report; research; results; risks; rocca; san; secure; security; sensitive; server; service; session; software; ssl; systems; technology; test; tools; transport; use; user; vulnerabilities; wcpl; web; website cache: ital-10405.pdf plain text: ital-10405.txt item: #47 of 712 id: ital-10407 author: Kucera, Ann title: A Closer Look at User Centered Design date: 2018-06-18 words: 362 flesch: 52 summary: User Centered Design is a set of tools to help us gather information about users and their needs. I would say your User Centered Design process is working quite well. keywords: design; information; library; user; websites cache: ital-10407.pdf plain text: ital-10407.txt item: #48 of 712 id: ital-10432 author: Ullah, Irfan; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Asim; Naeem, Muhammad title: An Overview of the Current State of Linked and Open Data in Cataloging date: 2018-12-17 words: 14765 flesch: 31 summary: Publishing Linked Bibliographic Metadata The University of Illinois Library worked on publishing MARC21 records of 30,000 digitized books as Linked Library Data by adding links, transforming them to LOD-friendly semantics (MODS) and deploying them as RDF with the objective to be used by a wider community.119 To them, using Semantic Web technologies, a book can be linked to related resources and multiple possible CURRENT STATE OF LINKED AND OPEN DATA IN CATALOGING | ULLAH, KHUSRO, ULLAH, AND NAEEM 60 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i4.10432 contexts, which is an opportunity for libraries to build innovative user-centered services for the dissemination and uses of bibliographic metadata.120 In this regard, the challenge is to utilize the existing book-related bibliographic maximally and descriptive metadata in a manner that parallels with the services (both inside the library and outside) as well as exploit to the fullest the full-text search and Semantic Web technologies, standards, and LOD services.121 While publishing the National Bibliographic Information as free open Linked Data, IFLA identifies several issues including:122 • dealing with the negative financial impact on the revenue generated from traditional metadata services; • the inability to offer consistent services due to the complexity of copyright and licensing frameworks; • the confusion in understanding the difference between “open” and “free” terms; • remodeling library data as Library Linked Data; • the limited persistence and sustainability of Linked Data resources; • the steep learning curve in understanding and applying Linked Data practices to library data; • making choices between sites to link to; and • creating persistent URIs for library data objects. These challenges include:129 • dealing with the bulky or non-available RDF dumps, no authority control within RDF dumps, and data format variations; • identifying terms’ specificity levels during concept matching; • the limited reusability of Library Linked Data due to lack of contextual data; • harmonizing classes and objects at the institution level; • excessive handcrafting due to few off-the-shelf visualization tools; • manual mapping of vocabularies; • matching, aligning, and disambiguating library and Linked Data; • the limited representation of several essential resources as Linked Data due to non- availability of URIs; • the lack of sufficient representative semantics for bibliographic data; • the time-consuming nature of Linked Data to understand its structure for reuse; • the ambiguity of terms across languages; and • the non-stability of endpoints and outdated datasets. keywords: access; alemu; analysis; applications; approach; authors; available; benefits; bibframe; bibliographic metadata; bibliographic records; book; bull; cataloging; catalogs; challenges; classification; collaboration; collections; community; conference; congress; consuming; consumption; content; control; core; curated; current; current state; data; data principles; data service; datasets; december; description; different; digital; discovery; domain; encoding; end; enriching; environment; essential; formats; future; hallo; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i4.10432; ifla; impact; information; international; interoperability; issues; journal; khusro; knowledge; languages; legacy; libraries; library; library community; library data; library metadata; link; literature; loc; lod; lov; major; management; marc; marc21; meaningful; metadata; metadata encoding; metadata quality; metadata standards; method; model; multiple; naeem; necessary; needs; new; november; oclc; ontology; open data; open vocabularies; opportunities; paper; perspective; possible; potential; practices; properties; publishers; publishing; quality; quality cataloging; rda; rdf; records; related; requirements; research; resources; retrieval; reusable; reuse; review; role; rules; schema; schema.org; science; search; section; semantic; semantic web; services; sharing; single; social; social metadata; specific; sprochi; standards; state; support; survey; tags; tallerås; taniguchi; technologies; technology; terms; theory; ullah; usage; users; vandenbussche; visible; vocabularies; vocabulary; ways; web; work cache: ital-10432.pdf plain text: ital-10432.txt item: #49 of 712 id: ital-10437 author: Searle, Sam title: The Benefits of Enterprise Architecture for Library Technology Management: An Exploratory Case Study date: 2018-12-17 words: 6933 flesch: 32 summary: In large organizations like universities, available enterprise systems can offer better functionality and more standardized ways of operating than library systems. The architects guided a group of librarians who use and support library systems through a process of mapping the types of data held against an existing list of enterprise data entities. keywords: application; architects; architecture; areas; author; available; benefits; blue; business; case; cisti; communication; components; context; data; december; development; diagram; different; enterprise; enterprise architecture; entities; example; figure; future; graph; griffith; group; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i4.10437; information; information technology; internal; involved; libraries; library; library technology; management; maturity; members; national; new; number; open; outputs; overall; planning; portfolio; process; processes; product; records; research; results; review; right; scores; searle; services; size; solution; staff; standards; statement; strategic; strategy; study; support; survey; systems; team; technical; technology; technology management; technology services; term; time; understanding; university; use; version; ways; work; working cache: ital-10437.pdf plain text: ital-10437.txt item: #50 of 712 id: ital-10460 author: Farnel, Sharon title: ITAL Editorial Board Thoughts: Events in the Life of ITAL date: 2018-06-18 words: 988 flesch: 49 summary: REFERENCES The Event Data used for this analysis can be found at https://bit.ly/2KgDJcM. 1 Madeleine Watson, “Event Data: open for your interpretation,” Crossref Blog, February 25, 2016, https://www.crossref.org/blog/event-data-open-for-your-interpretation/. 2 Crossref, Event Data User Guide, https://www.eventdata.crossref.org/guide/. 3 OpenRefine, http://openrefine.org/. 4 Jay Sing, Navjit Brar and Carmen Fong, “The State of RFID Applications in Libraries,” Information Technology and Libraries 25 no. 1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v25i1.3326. I used the Event Data API2 to pull event data using the prefix for all OJS Journals hosted by Boston College (10.6017). keywords: articles; board; catalog; crossref; data; events; information; ital; libraries; library; metadata; number; references; service; technology; user; wikipedia cache: ital-10460.pdf plain text: ital-10460.txt item: #51 of 712 id: ital-10493 author: Yelton, Andromeda title: President's Message date: 2018-06-18 words: 474 flesch: 65 summary: President’s Message Andromeda Yelton INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2018 3 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10493 Andromeda Yelton (andromeda.yelton@gmail.com) is LITA President 2017-18 and Senior Software Engineer, MIT Libraries, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Early LITA hackers cobbling together the technologies of their age to make streamlined, inventive library services — just as LITA members do today. keywords: column; future; line; lita; present; president; today cache: ital-10493.pdf plain text: ital-10493.txt item: #52 of 712 id: ital-10494 author: Shores, Sandra J title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1970s in Review date: 2018-06-18 words: 1172 flesch: 38 summary: ”6 William Mathews provides an excellent article to read in anticipation of library technologies in the 1980s. Early concerns in the decade focused on the rising costs of library services alongside the high price of computing. keywords: 1970s; articles; automation; computer; costs; data; decade; early; end; high; information; journal; kilgour; libraries; library; line; new; services; shores; systems; technology; university; user cache: ital-10494.pdf plain text: ital-10494.txt item: #53 of 712 id: ital-10571 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (June 2018) date: 2018-06-18 words: 567 flesch: 58 summary: • Almost two thirds (63%) of respondents have never been LITA members, a quarter (25%) are current members, and the remainder are former members. Letter from the Editor Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2018 1 In this June 2018 issue, we continue our celebration of ITAL’s 50th year with a summary by Editorial Board member Sandra Shores of the articles published in the 1970s, the journal’s first full decade of publication. keywords: board; editorial; ital; journal; june; library; members; new; summary; survey; technology; university cache: ital-10571.pdf plain text: ital-10571.txt item: #54 of 712 id: ital-10574 author: Bengtson, Jason Alden; Coleman, Jason title: Taking the Long Way Around: Improving the Display of HathiTrust Records in Primo date: 2019-03-18 words: 5502 flesch: 44 summary: As of the beginning of March 2018, the collaborative’s digital library contained more than sixteen million items, approximately 37 percent of which were in the public domain.1 Ex Libris’ Primo Central Index (PCI), which serves as Primo’s built-in index of articles from various database providers, includes metadata for the vast majority of the items in HathiTrust’s digital library, providing inline frames within the original Primo user interface to directly display full-text content of those items that the library has access to. Libraries subscribing to Primo choose whether or not to make these records available to their users. As a result of these limitations, PNX records do not currently have a provision for harvesting and transferring rights information about HathiTrust holdings that the Kansas State University (KSU) Library system indexes through Primo. keywords: access; api; appliance; application; availability; available; bibliographic; coleman; data; department; digital; discovery; display; entries; example; figure; hathigenius; hathitrust; hathitrust results; holdings; information; interface; items; javascript; layer; libraries; library; march; new; online; patrons; php; pnx; primo; problem; query; records; reference; results; rights; search; server; services; solution; source; staff; state; state libraries; survey; technology; text; tool; university; users; view; way; web cache: ital-10574.pdf plain text: ital-10574.txt item: #55 of 712 id: ital-10596 author: Hoover, Jasmine title: Gaps in IT and Library Services at Small Academic Libraries in Canada date: 2018-12-17 words: 4507 flesch: 42 summary: Common suggestions included library IT staff, having an IT help desk in the library, or a specific person in IT they could contact directly for help or who had shared responsibilities between IT and the library. However, though the offerings of the library have changed drastically over the years, smaller university libraries have struggled to support the growing need for IT services. keywords: academic; access; canada; collaboration; common; communication; current; department; desk; educational; gaps; governance; help; higher; hoover; important; information; issues; librarian; libraries; library; location; mark; need; new; organization; oval; percent; physical; reports; research; services; small; smaller; staff; staffing; statistics; structure; support; survey; technical; technologies; technology; units; universities; university cache: ital-10596.pdf plain text: ital-10596.txt item: #56 of 712 id: ital-10599 author: Tešendić, Danijela; Boberić Krstićev, Danijela title: Business Intelligence in the Service of Libraries date: 2019-12-16 words: 5438 flesch: 43 summary: A similar approach has been used by Yang and Shieh, who started from the reports needed by public libraries in Taiwan and through an iterative methodological approach modeled a data warehouse that meets all their reporting requirements.15 Unlike the previously described articles where a demand-driven approach was used, we applied a hybrid approach to modeling data warehouse. There are several approaches to modeling data warehouse and we followed a hybrid approach to design dimensional models presented in this article. keywords: acquisition; analysis; analytical; approach; bibliographic; bisis; business; category; circulation; cube; danijela; data; data warehouse; database; date; different; dimensional; etl; examples; fact; figure; information; intelligence; item; krstićev; libraries; library; management; members; membership; model; modeling; number; olap; process; processing; publication; records; relational; reporting; reports; requirements; service; sources; surla; system; table; technology; time; tools; transactional; user; warehouse cache: ital-10599.pdf plain text: ital-10599.txt item: #57 of 712 id: ital-10604 author: Lewis, Colby Lil title: The Open Access Citation Advantage: Does It Exist and What Does It Mean for Libraries? date: 2018-09-26 words: 6513 flesch: 45 summary: 15 THE OPEN ACCESS CITATION ADVANTAGE | LEWIS 53 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10604 In a more recent study published in February 2018, Piwowar et al. examine the prevalence of OA and average relative citation (ARC) based on three sample groups of one hundred thousand articles each: “(1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, (2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and (3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI.”16 Unlike the 1science study, Piwowar et al. had a twofold purpose: to examine the prevalence of OA articles available on the web and whether an OACA exists based on their sample findings. If Gold OA refers to complete open access at the time of publication, and Green OA refers to articles published in a paywalled journal but ultimately made OA either after an embargo period or via an IR, Bronze OA refers to OA articles that somehow don’t fit into either of these categories. keywords: academia.edu; access; access articles; access citation; advantage; analysis; archambault; articles; authors; available; bronze; citation; citation advantage; claim; data; davis; dentistry; ecology; elsevier; empirical; et al; existence; february; field; gargouri; gold; green; higher; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10604; hybrid; impact; increases; information; journals; july; lewis; libraries; library; literature; making; multidisciplinary; non; oaca; oaca studies; open; open access; ottaviani; papers; piwowar; piwowar et; potential; publication; publishing; quality; randomized; recent; research; results; review; sample; science; self; september; specific; studies; study; tang; technology; unpaywall; walters cache: ital-10604.pdf plain text: ital-10604.txt item: #58 of 712 id: ital-10702 author: Dougan, Kirstin title: The “Black Box”: How Students Use a Single Search Box to Search for Music Materials date: 2018-12-17 words: 10143 flesch: 50 summary: Many students exhibited persistence in their searching, but the selection of search terms, sometimes compounded by spelling problems or problems in search string structure, likely did not yield the most relevant results.3 Asher, Duke, and Wilson state in their study comparing student search strategies and success across a variety of library search tools and Google that there were “strong patterns in the way students approached searches no matter which tool they used. . . . General Search Studies and Single Search Boxes Many advantages and disadvantages have been ascribed to tools with single search boxes (whether federated search tools or discovery layers), namely ease and convenience on the one hand, and the lack of precision possible in searching and overwhelming number of results on the other. keywords: academic; additional; advanced; analysis; approach; areas; article; arts; author; average; behavior; black; boolean; box; cases; catalog; change; common; complete; composer; concerto; context; data; december; different; difficult; disciplines; discovery; dougan; dropdown; easy; easy search; edition; education; examples; fact; figure; formats; gateway; genre; google; history; index; information; items; journal; june; keyword; layers; librarianship; libraries; library; like; likely; literature; main; marks; mass; materials; mischo; modules; mozart; mpal; multiple; music; musical; names; number; online; orchestra; patrons; patterns; percent; performing; possible; present; queries; quotation; recording; reference; related; research; resources; results; review; sciences; score; search; search box; search tools; searches; searching; services; sessions; set; single; single search; social; specific; strings; students; studies; study; subject; symphony; table; target; technology; term searches; terms; things; title; tools; transaction; type; use; users; web; words; work cache: ital-10702.pdf plain text: ital-10702.txt item: #59 of 712 id: ital-10703 author: Kim, Bohyun title: President’s Message: Rebuilding Our Identity, Together date: 2018-09-26 words: 1352 flesch: 43 summary: At the 2018 ALA Annual Conference in New Orleans, the three Boards of LITA, ALCTS, and LLAMA held a joint meeting open to members and non-members alike to solicit and share our collective thoughts, suggestions, concerns, and hopes about the potential three-division realignment. As many of you know, LITA began discussing the potential merger with two other ALA divisions, ALCTS and LLAMA, last year.1 What initially prompted the discussion was the prospect of continuing budget deficits in all three divisions. keywords: ala; alcts; association; boards; details; division; information; leadership; libraries; library; lita; llama; meeting; members; new; support; technology; transparent cache: ital-10703.pdf plain text: ital-10703.txt item: #60 of 712 id: ital-10714 author: Ding, Yi title: Is Creative Commons a Panacea for Managing Digital Humanities Intellectual Property Rights? date: 2019-09-15 words: 6950 flesch: 18 summary: With the development of the digital humanities field and more students involved in it, academic librarians should educate both faculty scholars and emerging scholars about implications of applying CC licenses.13 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2019 36 FOUR LIMITATIONS OF CC LICENSES Is Creative Commons Really Free?—The Pitfall of a Free License One major reason that scholars and institutions are using CC licenses is the ease of applying them to creative works. Although Yahoo’s use of CC licensed works was legal, users who initially applied CC licenses with commercial use would not have wanted the company making canvas prints from the photos they posted to Flickr to make money.26 Should these copyright owners understand better the irrevocability of CC licenses, they might have chosen a different type of CC license with caution. keywords: academic; access; april; article; attribution; case; cc licenses; commons; commons licenses; community; copyright; creative; creative commons; creative works; critical; data; december; different; digital; digital humanities; digital scholars; education; example; fair; fedex; field; flickr; free; great; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i3.10714; humanities; images; information; intellectual; intellectual property; international; irrevocability; journal; law; legal; librarians; library; licenses; licensing; licensors; limitations; material; minds; noncommercial; nonderivative; office; open; original; panacea; pitfalls; press; projects; property; property rights; public; research; review; rights; romelab; scholarly; scholars; scholarship; september; services; sharealike; sharing; simple; technology; university; use; users; video; way; website; works; youtube cache: ital-10714.pdf plain text: ital-10714.txt item: #61 of 712 id: ital-10738 author: Costello, Eamon; Bolger, Richard; Soverino, Tiziana; Brown, Mark title: Determining Textbook Cost, Formats, and Licensing with Google Books API: A Case Study from an Open Textbook Project date: 2019-03-18 words: 2910 flesch: 52 summary: However, there is little known about the monetary face value of books that students are expected to buy, beyond studies based on self-reported data. Students themselves in the US have attempted to at least open the debate in this area by highlighting book price disparities.9 Nonetheless, they only report on a very small number of books, and the College Board representing on-campus US textbook retailers have disputed their results for this reason, claiming that they have been selective in the book prices they have chosen. keywords: api; available; bolger; books; brown; catalog; college; cost; costello; course; data; determining; digital; domain; education; figure; formats; google; higher; information; json; libraries; licensing; march; new; open; percent; prices; public; report; research; results; soverino; students; study; technology; textbooks; university; versions cache: ital-10738.pdf plain text: ital-10738.txt item: #62 of 712 id: ital-10746 author: Joiner, Ida Arlene title: Getting to Yes: Stakeholder Buy-In for Implementing Emerging Technologies in Your Library date: 2018-09-26 words: 1008 flesch: 60 summary: I am very passionate about emerging technologies, how they are and will be used in libraries/ resource centers, and how librarians will be able to assist those who will be affected by these technologies. I recently published a book introducing emerging technologies in libraries. keywords: board; costs; initiatives; library; proposal; resource; risks; stakeholders; technologies; technology; training cache: ital-10746.pdf plain text: ital-10746.txt item: #63 of 712 id: ital-10747 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (September 2018) date: 2018-09-26 words: 267 flesch: 43 summary: Letter from the Editor Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2018 1 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10747 This September 2018 issue of ITAL continues our celebration of the journal’s 50 th anniversary with a column by former Editorial Board member Mark Dehmlow, who highlights the technological changes beginning to stir the library world in the 1980s. In addition to peer-reviewed articles on recommender systems, big data processing and storage, finding vendor accessibility documentation, using GIS to find specific books on a shelf, and a recommender system for archival manuscripts, we are also publishing the student paper by this year’s Ex Libris/LITA Student Writing Award, “The Open Access Citation Advantage: Does It Exist and What Does It Mean for Libraries?”, by Colby Lewis at the University of Michigan School of Information. keywords: editor; information; issue; ital; lewis; libraries; september cache: ital-10747.pdf plain text: ital-10747.txt item: #64 of 712 id: ital-10749 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1980s in Review date: 2018-09-26 words: 1902 flesch: 42 summary: The 1980s volumes of ITAL traversed a plethora of topics ranging from measuring system THE 1980S IN REVIEW | DEHMLOW 9 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10749 performance (efficiency was important during a time when computing was relativ ely slow and expensive) to how to use library systems to provide data that can be used to make business decisions. The decade nicely traces the first two generations of library systems, starting with university-developed automation and database backed systems and the migration of many of those systems to vendors. keywords: 1980s; articles; automation; change; commercial; computer; data; decade; dehmlow; early; emergence; faculty; information; information technology; internet; ital; journal; libraries; library; new; online; record; research; review; september; support; systems; technologies; technology; users; way cache: ital-10749.pdf plain text: ital-10749.txt item: #65 of 712 id: ital-10810 author: Ippoliti, Cinthya title: Critical Technology date: 2018-12-17 words: 1868 flesch: 38 summary: An approach in this instance might involve taking technology outside of library spaces such as on campus or within the community, offering as much for free as possible, and capitalizing on programs such as Girls Who Code (https://girlswhocode.com/) and Grow with Google (https://grow.google/). I would like to briefly examine how we can begin to think about these issues within academic libraries, and offer some additional readings for further reflection for four technology-related areas: spaces, services/programming, systems, and engaging with our users. keywords: access; areas; available; critical; design; environment; equity; information; ippoliti; knowledge; learning; libraries; library; making; possible; process; programs; resources; services; space; systems; technology; universal; users; way; work cache: ital-10810.pdf plain text: ital-10810.txt item: #66 of 712 id: ital-10821 author: Bowers, Steven K. title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1990s in Review date: 2018-12-17 words: 2851 flesch: 45 summary: Halcyon Enssle’s piece on moving reserves to online access opened with a great summary of where much of library access was headed: “The virtual library, libraries without walls, the invisible user . . . New network connectivity combined with new hardware led to new formats for library resources, specifically digital and electronic resources. keywords: 1990s; access; automation; bowers; catalogs; collections; computer; consortia; data; design; digital; early; electronic; end; formats; future; important; information; information technology; interesting; internet; libraries; library; materials; need; new; online; personal; preservation; print; public; resources; systems; technology; time; today; use; web; work cache: ital-10821.pdf plain text: ital-10821.txt item: #67 of 712 id: ital-10822 author: Rubel, Dejah title: No Need to Ask date: 2019-06-17 words: 5664 flesch: 42 summary: Generating and Managing Public and Private Keys All distributed ledger participants will need a public key or address for blocks of transactions to be sent to them and a private key for digital signatures. NO NEED TO ASK | RUBEL 8 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.10822 Bitcoin also includes a mechanism to ensure the average number of blocks solved per hour remains constant. keywords: agreement; algorithm; authority; barski; befuddled; bitcoin; block; block header; blockchain; byzantine; cataloging; changes; congress; consensus; creation; current; difficulty; digital; entire; example; fba; ferris; figure; genesis; hash; header; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.10822; information; institutions; june; key; libraries; library; list; mazières; metadata; need; network; new; nodes; nov; oclc; permissionless; private; proof; public; quorum; record; research; rubel; science; second; snow; state; support; svp; technology; tier; transaction; validation; value; vukolić; wilmer; work cache: ital-10822.pdf plain text: ital-10822.txt item: #68 of 712 id: ital-10844 author: Rennick, Brian title: Library Services Navigation: Improving the Online User Experience date: 2019-03-18 words: 4070 flesch: 42 summary: • Service Areas— library departments or other organizational units that offer services (e.g., Humanities, Special Collections) Services can have multiple categories, locations, and service areas and some service areas have multiple locations within the library (see figure 1). 9 Barbara I. Dewey, “In Search of Services: Analyzing the Findability of Links on CIC University Libraries’ Web Pages,” Information Technology and Libraries, 18 no. 4 (1999): 210–13, http://www.ala.org/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/conferences/pdf/dewey99.pdf. 10 Louise McGillis and Elaine G. Toms, “Usability of the Academic Library Web Site: Implications for Design,” College & Research Libraries 62 no. 4 (July 2001): 355–67, https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.62.4.355. keywords: academic; academic library; application; architecture; areas; box; categories; college; computers; content; data; department; design; different; example; faculty; figure; group; help; homepage; information; journal; keywords; librarianship; libraries; library; library services; links; list; locations; management; march; multiple; navigation; order; page; points; related; rennick; research; results; search; sections; services; single; sites; study; technology; university; usability; users; web; web page; website cache: ital-10844.pdf plain text: ital-10844.txt item: #69 of 712 id: ital-10850 author: Kim, Bohyun title: President’s Message: Imagination and Structure in Times of Change date: 2018-12-17 words: 1535 flesch: 48 summary: When this topic was brought up and discussed at an open meeting at the 2018 ALA Annual Conference in New Orleans, many members of these three divisions expressed interests and excitement. LITA and two other divisions have many talented and capable members who will be happy to lend a hand in developing new logistics. keywords: alcts; board; change; committee; details; division; group; information; level; libraries; lita; llama; members; new; place; president; steering; structure; technology; working cache: ital-10850.pdf plain text: ital-10850.txt item: #70 of 712 id: ital-10852 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (December 2018) date: 2018-12-17 words: 402 flesch: 50 summary: • Virtual and augmented reality • Artificial intelligence • Big data • Internet of things • 3-D printing and makerspaces • Robotics • Drones • Geographic information systems and mapping • Diversity, equity, and inclusion and technology • Privacy and cyber-security • Library analytics and data-driven services • Anything else related to public libraries and innovations in technology Columns will be in the 1,000-1,500 word range and may include illustrations. These will not be research articles, but are meant to share practical experience with technology development or uses within the library. keywords: information; ital; libraries; library; look; public; technology; topics cache: ital-10852.pdf plain text: ital-10852.txt item: #71 of 712 id: ital-10875 author: Lund, Brady title: 50 Years of ITAL/JLA date: 2019-06-17 words: 7523 flesch: 34 summary: 1968-77 2008-18 1 Library Science—Technology Information Science 2 Information Science Library Science—Technology 3 Library Science—Cataloging Information Systems 4 Library Science—General Computer Science 5 Computer Science Library Science—Cataloging 6 Government Instructional Design 7 Corporate Library Science—Accessibility 8 Library Science—Academic Library Science—Academic 9 Information Systems Library Science—Reference 10 Library Science—Special Library Science—Administration 11 Management Psychology 12 Linguistics Government 13 Electrical Engineering Library Science—General 14 Library Science—Medical Education 15 Popular Popular 16 Library Science—Reference Library Science—Teaching 17 Chemistry Sociology 18 Physics Archival Science 19 Engineering—General Management 20 Psychology Law 21 Mathematics Corporate 22 Library Science—Local Mathematics 23 Communication Science Philosophy 24 Health Science Literature 25 Library Science—Accessibility Linguistics 26 Library Science—School Physics 27 Philosophy Health Science INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2019 31 1968-77 2008-18 28 Library Science—Administration Geography 29 Journalism Electrical Engineering 30 Government Library Science—Medical 31 Music Biology 32 Education Art/Design 33 Literature Museum Studies 34 Economics 35 Communication Science 36 Engineering-General 37 Journalism 38 Library Science—Special 39 Chemistry 40 Science and Technology Studies 41 Library Science—School 42 Library Science—Local 43 Anthropology Table 9 show the ten biggest themes and most frequently used terms throughout JLA/ITAL’s 51 volumes. Articles 50 Years of ITAL/JLA: A Bibliometric Study of Its Major Influences, Themes, and Interdisplinarity Brady Lund INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2019 18 Brady Lund (blund2@g.emporia.edu) is a PhD Student at Emporia State University’s School of Library and Information Management. ABSTRACT Over five decades, Information Technology and Libraries (and its predecessor, the Journal of Library Automation) has influenced research and practice in the library and information science technology. keywords: academic; american; american library; analysis; articles; association; authors; automation; avram; bibliographic; bibliometric; catalog; cataloging; center; citations; college; computer; computer science; congress; corporate; data; decade; design; digital; disciplines; education; engineering; general; government; history; ibm; independent; information; information science; information systems; information technology; instructional; interdisciplinarity; ital; jasist; jla; journal; june; kilgour; librarianship; libraries; library; library association; library journal; library library; library science; lund; major; management; methodology; oclc; online; philosophy; psychology; publications; publishers; references; research; resources; retrieval; sabbagh; science; sociology; studies; study; systems; table; technology; themes; u.s; university; usability; use; volumes; web; years cache: ital-10875.pdf plain text: ital-10875.txt item: #72 of 712 id: ital-10886 author: van Veen, Theo title: Wikidata date: 2019-06-17 words: 3569 flesch: 42 summary: Of course, there is a need for systems that feed Wikidata with trusted information and provide Wikidata with a backlink to a rich resource description for entities. In practice, however, many backlinks do not provide rich additional information and in such cases a direct link to Wikidata would be sufficient for the identification of entities. keywords: article; authority; case; control; descriptions; different; entities; entity; figure; hub; identifier; information; institutions; item; knowledge; libraries; library; links; local; number; objects; properties; query; rdf; resource; search; sparql; specific; systems; technology; thesaurus; universal; use; user; van; veen; viaf; wikidata; wikipedia cache: ital-10886.pdf plain text: ital-10886.txt item: #73 of 712 id: ital-10921 author: Ozeran, Megan; Martin, Piper title: “Good Night, Good Day, Good Luck” date: 2019-06-17 words: 4715 flesch: 41 summary: Articles “Good Night, Good Day, Good Luck”: Applying Topic Modeling to Chat Reference Transcripts Megan Ozeran and Piper Martin INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2019 59 Megan Ozeran (mozeran@illinois.edu) is Data Analytics & Visualization Librarian, University of Illinois Library. Piper Martin (pm13@illinois.edu) is Reference Services & Instruction Librarian, University of Illinois Library. However, prior to the project described here, the library had not yet GOOD NIGHT, GOOD DAY, GOOD LUCK | OZERAN AND MARTIN 60 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.10921 analyzed the chat reference conversations on a large scale to understand the range and consistency of topics being discussed. keywords: account; algorithm; analysis; articl; book; chat; chat reference; cleaning; code; common; conversations; data; databas; day; different; dmm; find; good; graduate; help; illinois; information; journal; kohler; lda; libraries; library; literature; look; luck; martin; modeling; night; nmf; number; onlin; open; ozeran; patrons; phrase; pilot; project; questions; reference; remov; request; research; results; semester; services; short; sourc; spring; staff; student; table; texts; thank; time; titl; topic; topic modeling; training; transcripts; university; use; way; words; work cache: ital-10921.pdf plain text: ital-10921.txt item: #74 of 712 id: ital-10973 author: San Nicolas-Rocca, Tonia; Burkhard, Richard J title: Information Security in Libraries date: 2019-06-17 words: 5671 flesch: 23 summary: INFORMATION SECURITY IN LIBRARIES | SAN-NICOLAS-ROCCA AND BURKHARD 64 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.10973 Having knowledge and an understanding of information security policies, work processes, and information and information system use within a library environment, a knowledge recipient may understand the value of the knowledge shared with them through effective SETA programs and utilize the new knowledge to protect information and information resources. The American Library Association (ALA) affirms the ethical imperative to provide unrestricted access to information and to guard against impediments to open inquiry.2 Further, in all areas of librarianship, best practice leaves the library user in control of as many choices as possible.3 In a library, the right to privacy is the right to open inquiry without having the subject of one’s interest examined or scrutinized by others.4 Many library resources require the use of a library card. keywords: activities; american; association; capacity; communication; completion; compliance; course; cybersecurity; cybersecurity course; data; education; information; information security; isrm; knowledge; knowledge transfer; libraries; library; management; motivation; mvu; nicolas; organizational; participants; participation; patron; policies; practices; privacy; programs; research; resources; responsible; risk; rocca; san; security; seta; spears; students; study; survey; table; technology; transfer; u.s; user; work cache: ital-10973.pdf plain text: ital-10973.txt item: #75 of 712 id: ital-10974 author: Finley, Thomas K title: The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence: One Library’s Approach date: 2019-03-18 words: 2202 flesch: 50 summary: ML is a set of very complex processes that can review large sets of information; create and train models based on this data; make predictions of what will happen next; and then to refine that data for better future results.8 Machine Learning is the focus of our efforts at the Frisco Public Library due to two main reasons: 1) It is what has been made available through free tools such as Google’s open AI resources; and 2) It makes AI attainable in a library setting. OUR APPROACH: MAKERSPACES FOR EVERYONE, AT HOME The Frisco Public Library has had 4 years of success with circulating Makerspace technology in reasonably-priced, hard shell waterproof boxes with foam inserts. This is 100% in line with Fei-Fei Li’s (Google’s former Chief Scientist for AI and ML) remarks about the need to democratize AI. keywords: adam; advanced; aiy; amazon; artificial; available; december; democratization; device; fei; figure; frisco; general; google; home; information; intelligence; kits; lamprecht; learning; libraries; library; machine; maker; march; narrow; open; public; python; search; technology; voice; way cache: ital-10974.pdf plain text: ital-10974.txt item: #76 of 712 id: ital-10977 author: Conrad, Suzanna; Stevens, Christy title: “Am I on the library website?” date: 2019-09-15 words: 13423 flesch: 51 summary: If research guides are more clearly aligned with specific research assignments in specific courses , and if faculty members instruct their students to consult library research guides and integrate LibGuides and other library resources into learning management systems, perhaps use and return on investment would improve. Although we did not find studies that specifically discussed the search and browse preferences and behaviors of LibGuides users, we did find studies of library website use that suggested that though users often exhibit search -dominant tendencies, they also often rely on a mixed approach to library website navigation. keywords: academic; access; additional; articles; asce; attempt; average; behaviors; books; box; boxes; browse; browsing; catalog; change; class; click; clicking; climate; column; com; conrad; content; course; databases; design; development; discovery; example; figure; finding; function; general; global; group; header; help; homepage; horizontal; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i3.10977; ibid; information; issues; journal; left; libguides; libguides version; libraries; library; library website; likely; links; lower; main; mixed; navigation; nielsen; onesearch; online; page; percent; polls; preferences; product; public; purpose; relevant; research; research guide; resources; results; right; round; screenshots; search; search box; searching; september; services; specific; standards; stevens; students; studies; study; subject; subtabs; tab; task; technology; testers; testing; times; topic; university; usability; usability testing; useful; users; version; visible; website cache: ital-10977.pdf plain text: ital-10977.txt item: #77 of 712 id: ital-10979 author: Ford, Kevin M title: Who Will Use This and Why? User Stories and Use Cases date: 2019-03-18 words: 1287 flesch: 62 summary: User Stories and Use Cases Kevin M. Ford INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2019 5 Kevin M. Ford (kefo@loc.gov) is Librarian, Linked Data Specialist, Library of Congress. Use cases detail to varying degrees how that actor might go about realizing his desire. keywords: actors; book; case; catalogers; concepts; driving; ford; need; stories; story; student; system; time; use; user cache: ital-10979.pdf plain text: ital-10979.txt item: #78 of 712 id: ital-10980 author: Kim, Bohyun title: LITA President’s Message: Updates from the 2019 ALA Midwinter Meeting date: 2019-03-18 words: 1441 flesch: 39 summary: It was also pointed out that the virtual format may provide an opportunity for LITA to experiment with different and more unconventional conference program formats, which could be a welcoming change to LITA members. 10980 2019038 editor LITA President’s Message Updates from the 2019 ALA Midwinter Meeting Bohyun Kim INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2019 2 Bohyun Kim (bohyun.kim.ois@gmail.com) is LITA President 2018-19 and Chief Technology Officer & Associate Professor, University of Rhode Island Libraries, Kingston, Rhode Island. keywords: ala; alcts; board; committee; conference; forum; information; libraries; library; lita; llama; meeting; members; merger; midwinter; new; physical; planning; president; technology; time; updates; virtual cache: ital-10980.pdf plain text: ital-10980.txt item: #79 of 712 id: ital-10992 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (March 2019) date: 2019-03-18 words: 336 flesch: 41 summary: 20190318 10992 editor Letter from the Editor Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2019 1 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i1.10992 The current (March 2019) issue of Information Technology and Libraries sees the first of what I know will be many exciting contributions to our new “Public Libraries Leading the Way” column. Articles in this issue cover the topics: improving sitewide navigation; improving the display of HathiTrust records in Primo; using linked data to create a geographic discovery system; measuring information system project success; a systematic approach towards web preservation; and determining textbook cost, formats and licensing. keywords: approach; column; issue; libraries; library; public; technology cache: ital-10992.pdf plain text: ital-10992.txt item: #80 of 712 id: ital-11007 author: Sanchez, Lotta; DeLooper, John P title: Creating and Deploying USB Port Covers at Hudson County Community College date: 2019-09-15 words: 3146 flesch: 45 summary: To address this problem, HCCC’s director of library technology sought solutions from the library’s technology staff. After the spring semester, the technology associate conferred with the director of library technology, and they decided that given the relatively low cost of 3D-printer filament used to print the dongles, and the greatly reduced receiver theft rate, this was an acceptable loss. keywords: associate; college; community; computers; county; covers; dell; delooper; dongles; drives; figure; flash; hccc; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i3.11007; hudson; information; keyboards; libraries; library; mac; macs; makerspace; mice; new; port; port covers; printing; sanchez; semester; september; staff; students; technology; theft; time; usb; wireless cache: ital-11007.pdf plain text: ital-11007.txt item: #81 of 712 id: ital-11009 author: Schultz, Teresa Auch; Azadbakht, Elena; Bull, Jonathan; Bucy, Rosalind; Floyd, Jeremy title: Assessing the Effectiveness of Open Access Finding Tools date: 2019-09-15 words: 3870 flesch: 41 summary: Number of articles where X number of OA finding tools found an open version. CONCLUSION The growth of OA finding tools is encouraging to see as far as helping to make OA works more discoverable. keywords: access; access button; articles; authors; available; browser; button; chrome; content; data; effectiveness; extension; false; finding; google; google scholar; information; journal; kopernio; lazy; lazy scholar; libraries; library; march; number; open; open access; open versions; percent; research; results; scholar; scholarly; science; search; study; technology; tools; university; unpaywall; users; versions cache: ital-11009.pdf plain text: ital-11009.txt item: #82 of 712 id: ital-11015 author: McDonald, Courtney; Burkhardt, Heidi title: Library-Authored Web Content and the Need for Content Strategy date: 2019-09-15 words: 6432 flesch: 37 summary: Today, however, information is available to more people in more forms and through more channels than ever before, making content strategies a necessity for organizations rather than an afterthought.48 Jones and Farrington posited a common refrain for stating the importance of content strategy for librarianship: “Library website content must be viewed in much the same way as a physical collection” and the “library website, to apply S. R. Ranganathan’s Fifth Law, is a growing organism and must be treated as such, especially with the complexity of web content. In order for libraries to meet the ever-increasing demands on our resources to produce timely, user-centered content that advances our missions for supporting teaching, research, and learning, a cultural shift toward a more collective, collaborative model of web content management and governance is necessary. keywords: academic; accessibility; applications; article; authoring; authors; best; blakiston; blog; browning; burkhardt; case; challenges; cms; cmss; communication; content; content management; content strategy; creation; day; definition; demsky; design; development; distributed; early; editorial; effective; experience; expertise; fulton; governance; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i3.11015; information; january; journal; lack; librarianship; libraries; library; library web; library website; literature; lowndes; management; management systems; mcdonald; model; need; organization; people; plain; platforms; publishing; quality; research; review; sec; september; sites; staff; standards; strategist; strategy; studies; support; systems; technical; technology; time; tools; university; use; user; values; voice; wcm; web; web content; website; workflow; writing cache: ital-11015.pdf plain text: ital-11015.txt item: #83 of 712 id: ital-11018 author: Han, Sharon title: Weathering the Twitter Storm date: 2019-06-17 words: 4866 flesch: 30 summary: Currently, the public library as an entity is in an interventionist period, according to Jaeger’s article “Libraries, Policy, and Politics in a Democracy: Four Historical Epochs,” where its roles and responsibilities are heavily influenced by outside factors, especially the federal government.2 From tax forms to permits to insurance claims, the government encourages people to use the public library to find and use information necessary to navigate American society. This paper explores the role of social media and its impact on public library services in response to Hurricane Sandy as a measure of libraries using digital mediums to support their communities. keywords: alexander; benefits; bishop; communication; communities; community; content; crisis; disaster; disaster response; emergency; event; fema; group; han; hurricane; information; june; libraries; library; management; media; needs; non; nypl; organizations; patrons; people; post; ppl; preparedness; public; reduction; research; resources; responders; response; risk; sandy; science; services; sharing; social; social media; status; storm; studies; study; technology; time; tool; tweets; twitter; use; veil; weathering; working cache: ital-11018.pdf plain text: ital-11018.txt item: #84 of 712 id: ital-11075 author: Cook, Matt ; Lischer-Katz, Zack; Hall, Nathan; Hardesty, Juliet; Johnson, Jennifer; McDonald, Robert; Carlisle, Tara title: Challenges and Strategies for Educational Virtual Reality date: 2019-12-16 words: 12723 flesch: 25 summary: Academic libraries are increasingly adopting VR technology for a variety of research and teaching purposes, which include providing enhanced access to digital collections, offering new research tools, and constructing new immersive learning environments for students. This shows how libraries hosting VR technologies can both be technological and intellectual partners in presenting 3D content to library patrons. keywords: 3d content; 3d data; academic; academic libraries; access; activities; administrators; adoption; analysis; applications; architecture; augmented; benefits; best; better; case; challenges; classroom; common; communities; community; computer; concern; content; cook; cost; creation; cultural; curriculum; data; december; design; development; digital; disciplines; discussion; educational; educational virtual; educational vr; end; engagement; environments; equipment; et al; example; experience; experts; faculty; field; findings; following; forum; forum participants; general; graphics; group; hardware; headset; heritage; high; hosting; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i4.11075; immersive; impact; importance; information; institutions; integration; interactive; investment; k-12; katz; knowledge; lack; larger; learning; libraries; library; lischer; local; medium; methods; models; necessary; need; new; number; oklahoma; open; organizations; participants; platform; potential; practices; proceedings; programs; project; public; public forum; public libraries; range; reality; related; require; research; researchers; resources; schools; services; set; sharing; sized; smaller; software; space; spatial; staff; standards; strategies; students; support; systems; teaching; technical; techniques; technologies; technology; time; tools; training; types; university; use; useful; user; value; variety; virtual; virtual reality; visualization; vr content; vr equipment; vr programs; vr systems; vr technology; vr tools; ways; workflows; world cache: ital-11075.pdf plain text: ital-11075.txt item: #85 of 712 id: ital-11077 author: Ibacache, Kathia title: Use of Language-Learning Apps as a Tool for Foreign Language Acquisition by Academic Libraries Employees date: 2019-09-15 words: 4307 flesch: 38 summary: Languages respondents studied using an app (multiple responses allowed, n=51). For purposes of this article, mobile language apps are those accessed through a website, and apps downloaded onto portable smartphones, tablets, desktops, and laptops. keywords: academic; academic libraries; acquisition; activities; apps; author; comprehension; content; data; device; different; education; elements; employees; exercises; figure; foreign; foreign language; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i3.11077; ibacache; information; instruction; knowledge; language; language learning; learners; learning; libraries; library; mobile; multiple; needs; percent; reading; research; respondents; responses; results; self; september; skills; software; survey; technologies; technology; time; university; use; user; work; years cache: ital-11077.pdf plain text: ital-11077.txt item: #86 of 712 id: ital-11091 author: Ippoliti, Cinthya title: Digital Faculty Development date: 2019-06-17 words: 1160 flesch: 31 summary: Finally, in a recent posting on the Open Oregon blog, Silvia Lin Hanick and Amy Hofer discuss how open pedagogy can also influence how librarians interact with faculty and students. Bali and Caines also observe that bringing together disparate teaching philosophies and skill sets under this broader umbrella of digital support and pedagogy can help provide professional development opportunities for faculty, especially adjuncts, who may not have the ability to participate otherwise. keywords: bali; development; digital; environment; experience; faculty; information; learning; libraries; library; modified; new; open; pedagogy; role; students; teaching; tools cache: ital-11091.pdf plain text: ital-11091.txt item: #87 of 712 id: ital-11093 author: Kim, Bohyun title: Moving Forward with LITA date: 2019-06-17 words: 1238 flesch: 41 summary: LITA PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE: MOVING FORWARD WITH LITA | KIM 4 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11093 ENDNOTES 1 “LITA’s Statement in Response to Incidents at ALA Midwinter 2019,” LITA Blog, February 4, 2019, https://litablog.org/2019/02/litas-statement-in-response-to-incidents-at-ala-midwinter- 2019/. 2 “LITA Awards & Scholarships,” Library Information Technology Association (LITA), http://www.ala.org/lita/awards. 3 Meredith Broussard, Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2018). First of all, I am excited to report that the merger planning of LITA, ALCTS, and LLAMA is back on track. keywords: ala; alcts; allyship; award; board; conference; division; fall; information; libraries; library; lita; llama; membership; merger; midwinter; new; planning; president; program; science; technology; university; work cache: ital-11093.pdf plain text: ital-11093.txt item: #88 of 712 id: ital-11101 author: Wittmann, Rachel; Neatrour, Anna; Cummings, Rebekah; Myntti, Jeremy title: From Digital Library to Open Datasets date: 2019-12-16 words: 5588 flesch: 26 summary: Recently funded efforts such as the Institute of Museum and Library Services’ (IMLS’s) Always Already Computational and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation’s Collections as Data: Part to Whole seek to address this problem by setting standards and best practices for turning digital collections into datasets amenable to computational use and novel research methods.6 The University of Utah J. Willard Marriott Library has a long-running digital library program and a burgeoning digital scholarship center creating a moment of synergy for librarians in digital collections and digital scholarship to explore collaboration in teaching, outreach, and digital collection development. “Collections as data” is a growing movement to extend the research value of digital collections beyond traditional use and to give researchers more flexible access to our collections by facilitating access to the underlying data, thereby enabling digital humanities research.1 Collections as data is predicated upon the convergence of two scholarly trends happening in parallel over the past several decades.2 First, as mentioned above, librarians and archivists have digitized a significant portion of their special collections, giving access to unique material that researchers previously had to travel across the country or globe to study. keywords: access; additional; available; carbon; collections; college; computational; content; corpus; county; cummings; data; datasets; date; december; descriptive; digital; digital collections; digital humanities; digital library; digital matters; digitization; digitized; exponent; faculty; fields; figure; future; github; harold; histories; history; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i4.11101; humanities; information; large; libraries; library; marriott; marriott library; matchbooks; matters; metadata; methods; mining; modeling; myntti; neatrour; new; newspaper; ocr; open; oral; process; program; project; quality; records; repository; research; researchers; scholarship; system; technology; text; time; topic; transcription; udn; unique; university; use; utah; wittmann; woman; words cache: ital-11101.pdf plain text: ital-11101.txt item: #89 of 712 id: ital-11141 author: Davis, Jeffrey title: Online Ticketed-Passes date: 2019-06-17 words: 1622 flesch: 46 summary: As the New York Daily News wrote in their lede: “It’s hard to believe nobody thought of it sooner: A New York City library card can now get you into 33 museums free.” Libraries had thought of it sooner, of course. Museum pass programs in libraries began at least as early as 1995 at Boston Public Library and the online ticketed model in 2011 at Contra Costa (CA) County Library. keywords: access; attention; attractions; available; circulating; collection; county; culture; discover; information; libraries; library; local; membership; museum; new; number; online; pass; passes; patron; physical; programs; public; san; software; systems; tickets; venues; york cache: ital-11141.pdf plain text: ital-11141.txt item: #90 of 712 id: ital-11169 author: Lierman, Ashley; Scott, Bethany; Warren, Mea; Turner, Cherie title: Testing for Transition date: 2019-12-16 words: 9320 flesch: 56 summary: In subject guide testing, we found overwhelmingly that users both valued and made use of link and box descriptions within guides, using them throughout the navigation process as sources of additional information. These findings support those of many prior authors regarding the importance of including clear descriptions with key words that users readily understand.20 Many of our results from subject guide testing not only ran counter to our expectations, but challenged the assumptions on which we had based our questioning. keywords: appropriate; best; box; card; categories; complete; course; data; december; design; easy; face; face testing; findings; follow; general; group; guides; help; homepage; houston; idl; impressions; information; libguides; librarian; libraries; library; lierman; links; members; migration; need; new; online; open; page; participants; possible; practices; process; purpose; questions; research; research guides; resources; responses; results; scott; services; significant; site; social; sort; stage; students; study; subject; survey; tasks; team; technology; testing; tests; think; time; transition; turner; type; uhl; university; usability; usability testing; users; warren; work; year cache: ital-11169.pdf plain text: ital-11169.txt item: #91 of 712 id: ital-11241 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (June 2019) date: 2019-06-17 words: 481 flesch: 42 summary: • “Information Security in Libraries: Examining the Effects of Knowledge Transfer,” by Tonia San Nicolas-Rocca and Richard J Burkhard, investigating the importance of knowledge transfer across an organization to enhance information security behaviors. Our helpful and supportive partners at Boston College, where Information Technologies and Libraries is archived, have updated the journal’s content management system to the current version of Open Journal Systems. keywords: board; content; editorial; good; information; issue; ital; journal; june; libraries; new; open; technology cache: ital-11241.pdf plain text: ital-11241.txt item: #92 of 712 id: ital-11251 author: Bauder, Julia title: HathiTrust as a Data Source for Researching Early Nineteenth-Century Library Collections date: 2019-12-16 words: 4798 flesch: 49 summary: By the end of the nineteenth century, book catalogs had largely been replaced by the card catalog system that remained in use through most of the twentieth century. Creating corpora using books that are known to have been owned by a given library at a given point in time is potentially feasible because digitized records of the books in several hundred nineteenth-century library collections are available in the form of scanned book catalogs: a book or pamphlet listing all of the books available in a particular library. keywords: available; baltimore; bauder; books; catalogs; catalogue; century; cleaning; collections; company; corpora; corpus; data; digitized; early; entries; entry; figure; google; google books; hathitrust; horsham; information; laws; libraries; library; library company; line; matching; missing; new; new york; nineteenth; percent; percentage; philadelphia; salem; scripts; social; society; society library; source; time; titles; use; washington; works; york cache: ital-11251.pdf plain text: ital-11251.txt item: #93 of 712 id: ital-11273 author: Kovalcik, Justin; Villalobos, Mike title: Automated Storage & Retrieval System date: 2019-12-16 words: 5730 flesch: 46 summary: In addition to management activities like weeding, other solutions such as offsite storage and compact shelving rose in popularity as a method to create library space in the absence o f new building construction. Divided into two phases, the server software upgrade was completed in May 2017 followed by the hardware upgrade in January 2019.8 LITERATURE REVIEW The continued growth of student, faculty, and academic programs along with evolving expectations and needs since the late 1980s has required the library to analyze library services and examine the building’s physical space and storage capacity. keywords: access; addition; area; available; bins; building; campus; capacity; circulation; collection; control; csun; customer; dedicated; department; different; employees; floor; heinrich; high; impact; information; inventory; issues; items; kovalcik; libraries; library; limited; low; maintenance; management; materials; missing; new; open; operations; oviatt; patrons; physical; projects; retrieval; retrieval system; security; service; shelves; software; space; staffing; storage; strategy; student; support; system; technology; time; training; university; usage; use; villalobos; willis; years cache: ital-11273.pdf plain text: ital-11273.txt item: #94 of 712 id: ital-11369 author: Frost, Megan; Goates, Michael C; Cheng, Sarah; Johnston, Jed title: Virtual Reality date: 2020-03-16 words: 3669 flesch: 37 summary: In order to do this effectively, our first objective is to determine which VR services will be of most benefit to our patrons. This survey is also intended to help other libraries that are developing VR services and potentially developers INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2020 VIRTUAL REALITY | FROST, GOATES, CHENG, AND JOHNSTON 3 interested in creating academic content for students. keywords: academic; apps; augmented; brigham; cheng; common; demographics; disciplines; education; employees; engineering; equipment; experience; faculty; figure; focus; frost; goates; google; group; headsets; information; interest; johnston; learning; libraries; library; march; participants; patrons; percent; reality; responders; science; services; session; students; study; survey; technologies; technology; time; university; use; users; virtual; virtual reality; vr services; young cache: ital-11369.pdf plain text: ital-11369.txt item: #95 of 712 id: ital-11519 author: Sherriff, Graham; DeSanto, Dan; Benson, Daisy; Atwood, Gary S. title: Meeting Users Where They Are date: 2020-03-16 words: 4028 flesch: 47 summary: WHERE THEY ARE | SHERRIFF, DESANTO, BENSON, AND ATWOOD 4 The Educational Services Working Group quickly determined that library content included in the portal should be designed to conform with the principle of priority-based selectivity employed across the portal as a whole. Wireframe for library content. keywords: academic; access; atwood; benson; campus; channel; content; data; desanto; design; developers; discovery; display; dynamic; group; guides; high; information; initial; instructional; libguides; librarian; libraries; library; management; march; meeting; myuvm; need; page; period; point; portal; present; project; registrar; research; resources; services; sherriff; students; technology; time; tools; university; users; vermont; view; way; websites cache: ital-11519.pdf plain text: ital-11519.txt item: #96 of 712 id: ital-11571 author: Lamanna, Thomas title: On Educating Patrons On Privacy And Maximizing Library Resources date: 2019-09-15 words: 1800 flesch: 44 summary: Therefore, all library staff should both understand the fundamental reasons behind library privacy policies and be trained in maintaining them. The list of services libraries provide is extensive and comprehensive, although unfortunately, there are significant gaps in what our services can offer, particularly those regarding technology advancement and patron privacy. keywords: bandwidth; cctv; facial; information; lamanna; libraries; library; network; new; patrons; policies; privacy; public; resources; san; security; services; staff; sure; technology; tor; use; way; wifi cache: ital-11571.pdf plain text: ital-11571.txt item: #97 of 712 id: ital-11577 author: Yang, Wenfan; Zhao, Bin; Liu, Yan Quan; Bielefield, Arlene title: Are Ivy League Libraries’ Websites ADA Compliant? date: 2020-06-11 words: 5713 flesch: 51 summary: 8 While quite a few research studies focus on library website accessibility rather than the university websites, the conclusions diverge. ABSTRACT As a doorway for users seeking information, library websites should be accessible to all, including those who are visually or physically impaired and those with reading or learning disabilities. keywords: academic; accessibility; accessible; achecker; ada; alerts; alternative; april; brown; content; data; design; disabilities; errors; evaluation; features; figure; guidelines; harvard; homepages; image; information; issues; ivy; ivy league; june; label; league; league library; libraries; libraries june; library; library homepages; library website; liu; missing; need; number; people; problems; requirements; research; results; section; specific; standards; study; table; technology; text; total; university; university library; users; wave; wcag; website; yale cache: ital-11577.pdf plain text: ital-11577.txt item: #98 of 712 id: ital-11581 author: Jaffy, Marc title: Bento Box User Experience Study at Franklin University date: 2020-03-16 words: 6875 flesch: 58 summary: Instead of compartmentalizing food, a bento- box search results page compartmentalizes search results from a variety of different resources on a single page. ”10 Figure 2, the University of Michigan’s bento-box results page, illustrates how a bento box provides search results from a variety of resources in visually discrete boxes. keywords: article; bar; bento; bento box; box; box results; box search; box user; catalog; content; discovery; ebook; eds; experience; franklin; franklin university; information; jaffy; journal; libraries; library; march; page; participants; preference; questionnaire; resources; results; screen; search; search results; searches; site; state; students; study; tasks; technology; trial; type; university; university library; usability; user; user experience; wayne; website cache: ital-11581.pdf plain text: ital-11581.txt item: #99 of 712 id: ital-11585 author: Wetherington, Corey; Wagner, Scott title: A Comprehensive Approach to Algorithmic Machine Sorting of Library of Congress Call Numbers date: 2019-12-16 words: 6254 flesch: 42 summary: F57 1999 ordinal number in classification HB3717 1929.E37 2015 date in classification KBD.G189s no caption number, no specification N8354.B67 2000x date with suffix PS634.B4 1958-63 hyphenated range of dates PS3557.A28R4 1955 “double Cutter” PZ8.3.G276Lo 1971 Cutter with “work mark” PZ73.S758345255 2011 lengthy Cutter decimal ALGORITHMIC MACHINE SORTING OF LC CALL NUMBERS | WAGNER AND WETHERINGTON 65 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i4.11585 In a brief article archived online, Conley and Nolan outline a method for sorting LC call numbers through the use of function programming in Microsoft Excel. The MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) 21 protocol, a widely used international standard for formatting bibliographic data, provides a specific syntax for cataloging LC call numbers for the purposes of machine parsing.10 Symphony WorkFlows, the LMS licensed by Penn State University Libraries from SirsiDynix (and thus the only one available for our direct examination), contains within its search module a call number browsing feature which attempts to sort call numbers in shelving order via “Shelving IDs,” call number strings rendered from each item’s keywords: algorithmic; application; approach; caption; certain; character; classification; cnm; column; component; congress; cutter; data; date; december; decimal; different; double; example; excel; following; general; information; instance; integer; issue; item; lcc; length; letters; libraries; library; machine; method; normalized; numbers; numeric; order; ordinal; particular; penn; point; position; process; program; second; section; shelfreader; shelving; single; software; sorting; specific; specification; state; string; subclass; substrings; system; table; technology; topics; type; university; user; varchar; volume; wagner; wetherington cache: ital-11585.pdf plain text: ital-11585.txt item: #100 of 712 id: ital-11607 author: Blessinger, Kelly; Comeaux, David title: User Experience with a New Public Interface for an Integrated Library System date: 2020-03-16 words: 8550 flesch: 52 summary: This program gives library users the option of completing user testing in lieu of some or all of their library fines (up to $10 per user test). The user tests highlighted how many problems LSU library users are having signing on to the system to utilize the user-enablement tools. keywords: academic; access; additional; advanced; areas; authors; available; blessinger; books; catalog; changes; cognitive; comeaux; date; design; discovery; eds; electronic; enterprise; experience; faculty; features; feedback; functionality; graduate; information; interface; intuitive; issues; journal; later; librarian; libraries; library; list; load; lsu; march; materials; member; new; new interface; new public; number; old; option; participants; previous; print; problem; public; public interface; records; research; researchers; resources; results; search; searches; searching; services; specific; staff; students; studies; study; subject; system; technology; testing; text; theory; title; tools; training; undergraduate; usability; user; user experience; web; working; years cache: ital-11607.pdf plain text: ital-11607.txt item: #101 of 712 id: ital-11627 author: Morton-Owens, Emily title: Sustaining LITA date: 2019-09-15 words: 1102 flesch: 43 summary: At the ALA level, the Steering Committee on Organizational Effectiveness (SCOE) is also looking at ways to streamline the association’s structure and make it more approachable and welcoming to new members. Library metadata schemas are all about designing for interoperability and reusability, including in new ways that we can’t picture yet. keywords: 2019; ala; development; environmental; future; libraries; library; lita; members; morton; new; owens; person; president; sustainability; values; work cache: ital-11627.pdf plain text: ital-11627.txt item: #102 of 712 id: ital-11631 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (September 2019) date: 2019-09-15 words: 382 flesch: 36 summary: • Soo-yeon Hwang (Sam Houston State University) • Holli Kubly (Syracuse University) • Letter from the Editor (September 2019) Letter from the Editor Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2019 1 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i3.11631 Editorial Board Changes Thanks to the dozens of LITA members who applied to join the Board this spring. keywords: board; editor; editorial; letter; libraries; library; lita; members; public; september; thomas; university cache: ital-11631.pdf plain text: ital-11631.txt item: #103 of 712 id: ital-11723 author: Sample, Angela title: Using Augmented and Virtual Reality in Information Literacy Instruction to Reduce Library Anxiety in Nontraditional and International Students date: 2020-03-16 words: 9928 flesch: 41 summary: In both, the researchers found INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2020 USING AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN INFORMATION LITERACY INSTRUCTION | SAMPLE 5 Caucasian American graduate students reported higher levels of library anxiety than their African American counterparts.27 Another group frequently examined in library anxiety studies is international students. The Library is innovating online tutorials targeted for nontraditional and international graduate students with various combinations of AVMR, with the goal to diminish library anxiety. keywords: academic; affective; agree; anthony; anxiety; augmented; available; avmr; barriers; blundell; bostick; campus; category; causes; change; college; comparison; disagree; early; education; experience; faculty; figure; graduate; help; higher; icons; information; information literacy; information technology; instruction; international; jiao; knowledge; learning; levels; librarian; libraries; libraries march; library; library anxiety; literacy; march; mechanical; mellon; modular; negative; new; number; onwuegbuzie; oral; oru; oru library; participants; positive; post; pre; qun; reality; reference; research; researchers; resources; responses; roberts; sample; science; services; staff; statements; students; studies; study; survey; technologies; technology; tour; undecided; undergraduate; university; use; virtual; virtual reality; virtual tour; work cache: ital-11723.pdf plain text: ital-11723.txt item: #104 of 712 id: ital-11787 author: Young, Scott W. H.; Chao, Zoe; Chandler, Adam title: User Experience Methods and Maturity in Academic Libraries date: 2020-03-16 words: 10618 flesch: 38 summary: The process of creating a statistical model allows us to see, with varying degrees of confidence, the impact of different variables on UX maturity stage. Maturity stage compared against total number of methods used, showing the positive relationship between number of UX methods used and UX maturity stage. keywords: academic libraries; adjusted; alignment; analysis; chandler; chao; characteristics; collaboration; confidence; content; data; dataset; dedicated; design; different; example; experience; experience methods; extent; factors; figure; focus; following; free; function; group; higher; influence; information; information technology; institution; journey; key; lack; leadership; level; librarianship; libraries; libraries march; library; library ux; linear; march; maturity; maturity stage; meaning; methods; model; multiple; nielsen; number; organization; participants; practice; question; regression; related; relationship; research; resources; respondents; responses; results; scale; services; significant; size; staff; stage; statistical; strategic; studies; support; survey; table; technology; testing; text; themes; total; units; usability; user; user experience; ux group; ux maturity; ux methods; ux research; value; variables; variance; way; wide; work; year; young cache: ital-11787.pdf plain text: ital-11787.txt item: #105 of 712 id: ital-11811 author: Singh, Neeraj Kumar title: Near-field Communication (NFC) date: 2020-06-11 words: 5826 flesch: 40 summary: The aim of this paper is to explore NFC technology and its applications in modern era. NFC technology has added security features that make it much more secure than the previously popular RFID equivalent and it is difficult to steal information stored in it. keywords: access; applications; authentication; author; barcode; book; borrowing; card; check; collections; communication; control; data; devices; digital; electronic; emulation; example; exchange; field; field communication; figure; forum; frequency; function; future; history; iec; information; information technology; iso; june; libraries; library; management; march; mchugh; mhz; mobile; mode; near; near field; new; nfc; nfc forum; nfc tag; nfc technology; packaging; payment; peer; phone; physical; radio; range; reader; resources; rfid; second; security; services; singh; smart; specifications; standards; tag; tags; technologies; technology; ticketing; time; touch; transaction; university; users; yarmey cache: ital-11811.pdf plain text: ital-11811.txt item: #106 of 712 id: ital-11837 author: Maistrovskaya, Mariya; Wang, Rachel title: Creating and Managing a Repository of Past Exam Papers date: 2020-03-16 words: 2586 flesch: 47 summary: Opt-In versus Opt-Out Approach Where exam collection is driven centrally by a registrar’s office, for example, that office may require that all past exams be made available to students. An alternative approach to exam collection would be an opt-in model where faculty choose to submit exam questions on their own schedule. keywords: access; available; batch; campus; collection; considerations; course; dspace; exams; fas; figure; information; libraries; maistrovskaya; management; managing; march; metadata; old; online; opt; papers; past; questions; repository; students; technology; toronto; university; utl; wang cache: ital-11837.pdf plain text: ital-11837.txt item: #107 of 712 id: ital-11847 author: Kirsch, Breanne title: Virtual Reality date: 2019-12-16 words: 1135 flesch: 58 summary: There are health risks for some people when using virtual reality headsets, such as motion sickness, dizziness, and, in some cases, epileptic seizures. Esports are when players or teams compete through computers in video game competitions.1 There were over 20 programs and sessions about virtual reality at EDUCAUSE. keywords: apps; content; degree; education; educause; experiences; higher; important; libraries; library; new; oculus; reality; students; support; technology; virtual cache: ital-11847.pdf plain text: ital-11847.txt item: #108 of 712 id: ital-11859 author: O'Hara, Gayle; Lapworth, Emily; Lampert, Cory title: Cultivating Digitization Competencies date: 2020-12-21 words: 14500 flesch: 27 summary: There are many reasons for engaging in digitization projects and creating digital collections, including providing increased access to unique collections, preserving fragile records, raising the global profile of the institution, meeting user demand, and supporting the teaching, learning, and research needs of host institutions. From the perspective of librarians and archivists, digitization of special collections and archives materials involves more than just reformatting analog materials into a digital format (this article uses the term “digitization” to refer to the entire lifecycle of digitization projects involving special collections and archives materials, from planning to preservation). keywords: ability; access; activities; additional; appendix; appropriate; archival; archives; asset; attendees; available; building; capture; case; challenges; collections; competencies; competency; complete; day; december; description; development; different; digital; digital capture; digital collections; digital library; digital preservation; digitization; digitization competencies; digitization grant; digitization projects; digitized; documentation; equipment; examples; experience; experiential; expertise; feedback; files; formats; future; goals; grant; grant project; group; guidelines; hands; help; heritage; important; information; information technology; institutions; job; knowledge; lambert; lapworth; large; learning; level; librarian; libraries; libraries december; library; local; long; management; managers; materials; metadata; methods; necessary; need; nevada; new; objects; online; opportunities; order; organization; overview; o’hara; participants; permanent; pis; planning; plans; practice; preservation; prior; procedures; process; professional; project; project management; project managers; project planning; project staff; quality; research; resources; review; scale; scale digitization; session; shared; skills; small; software; special; specific; specifications; staff; standards; statewide; steps; student; study; successful; systems; tasks; team; technical; technology; temporary; term; time; training; understanding; university; unlv; use; workflows; workshops; writing cache: ital-11859.pdf plain text: ital-11859.txt item: #109 of 712 id: ital-11863 author: Murray, Jennifer; Feinberg, Daniel title: Collaboration and Integration date: 2020-06-11 words: 5782 flesch: 50 summary: In effect, more time was spent with students to guide them to library resources such as programmatic or course specific Springshare hosted LibGuides (also known as library guides), or the library homepage. After researching options, the library recommended creating access to library resources and services using a Springshare LTI Tool for library guides, which CIRT agreed to. keywords: academic; access; campus; canvas; collaboration; courses; director; environment; faculty; farkas; feedback; feinberg; guides; help; important; information; instruction; integration; june; learning; librarians; library; library guides; library resources; link; lms; lti; management; murray; online; options; project; research; resources; services; springshare; stakeholders; state; students; support; system; technology; time; tool; unf; university; way; ways cache: ital-11863.pdf plain text: ital-11863.txt item: #110 of 712 id: ital-11877 author: Markman, Chris; Hess, M; Lou, Dan; Nguyen, Anh title: VR Hackfest date: 2019-12-16 words: 1771 flesch: 53 summary: The collection of 3D scenes created in the VR Hackfest was published to the Internet using the Inter-Planetary File System (IPFS), an open source distributed web technology originally created in Palo Alto by Protocol Labs in 2014 and now actively improved by a global network of software developers. Future Work Our immediate plans include re-use of the exhibit frame for future public technology showcases and offering another round of VR Hackfest workshops, perhaps in a smaller group so participants have the chance to view their work while wearing a VR headset. keywords: alto; city; code; content; exhibit; figure; file; frame; future; hackfest; hess; information; internet; ipfs; libraries; library; lou; markman; nguyen; palo; participants; public; scenes; technologies; technology; web; workshop cache: ital-11877.pdf plain text: ital-11877.txt item: #111 of 712 id: ital-11883 author: Fu, Meng-Hsuan title: Integrated Technologies of Blockchain and Biometrics Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Library Management date: 2020-09-21 words: 5352 flesch: 40 summary: Although the IoT and wireless networks have been well developed, people still own many different RFID-embedded cards, such as public transportation cards, credit cards, student cards, medical cards, identification cards, membership cards, or library cards. Those who have library cards but have forgotten to bring them can apply for a temporary library card to enter the library, but this is limited to three times.9 This rule is only specific to the NCL. keywords: access; biometrics; blockchain; blockchain technology; blockmetrics; blockmetrics library; borrowing; borrowing blockchain; bytes; cards; collection; control; cryptography; data; database; devices; entrance; environment; figure; finger; gartner; hash; hsuan; identification; ieee; image; information; infrastructure; internet; iot; libraries; library; management; material; meng; network; node; peer; personal; reader; recognition; records; registration; regulations; return; returning; rfid; secure; security; sensor; september; smart; software; specific; system; technologies; technology; things; transactions; trends; university; user; vein; wireless cache: ital-11883.pdf plain text: ital-11883.txt item: #112 of 712 id: ital-11905 author: Morton-Owens, Emily title: Joining Together date: 2019-12-16 words: 873 flesch: 57 summary: Long- time LITA members like to answer that with a full-throated “yes!” LITA members are the kind of people who will learn all they can about a technology like the Amazon Alexa—and then unplug the one on the exhibit floor at Annual. keywords: colleagues; libraries; library; lita; members; morton; people; president; services; support; technical; technology; work cache: ital-11905.pdf plain text: ital-11905.txt item: #113 of 712 id: ital-11923 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor (December 2019) date: 2019-12-16 words: 337 flesch: 38 summary: I returned to my regular job with a newfound appreciation for how much the issues I spend so much of my professional time on—information access, equity, user experience, and the like—are universal. The experience reinforces the importance of important open access publications such as Information Technology and Libraries. keywords: access; december; editor; experience; information; knowledge; open cache: ital-11923.pdf plain text: ital-11923.txt item: #114 of 712 id: ital-11937 author: Valenti, Sandra; Lund, Brady; Wang, Ting title: Virtual Reality as a Tool for Student Orientation in Distance Education Programs date: 2020-06-11 words: 4789 flesch: 39 summary: There was some indication that participants would be willing to use VR for student orientation again, as both groups responded favorably to the idea that VR orientation information is appropriate and negatively to the idea that it would be better to get information from other sources. The majority of students also indicated a willingness to use VR technology for learning for long periods of time (25 minutes or more). keywords: anxiety; augmented; change; content; control; course; distance; education; emporia; engagement; esu; experience; experimental; faculty; group; headset; information; interest; june; knowledge; learning; libraries; library; links; lund; management; mixed; new; online; orientation; participants; percent; post; pre; program; reality; research; researchers; school; science; scores; state; student orientation; students; study; table; technologies; technology; test; time; tool; university; use; valenti; virtual; virtual reality; wang cache: ital-11937.pdf plain text: ital-11937.txt item: #115 of 712 id: ital-11977 author: Willis, Samuel Kent; O'Reilly, Faye title: Filling the Gap in Database Usability date: 2020-12-21 words: 9531 flesch: 41 summary: ”25 Librarians can be instrumental in the development of database platforms moving forward by continually checking the accessibility of these platforms and sharing opportunities for enhancement with vendors.26 METHODOLOGY This study made use of the ARG (Appendix A) for both VPAT accuracy analysis, and overall testing of database accessibility. ABSTRACT Library database vendors often revamp simpler interfaces of their database platforms with script- enriched interfaces to make them more attractive. keywords: abstracts; academic; accessibility; accessible; accuracy; alternative; american; appendix; applicable; archive; area; arg; assessment; assistive; authors; average; black; blechner; business; captions; center; collection; comparison; complete; concern; content; criteria; criterion; database usability; databases; december; dermody; development; digital; disabilities; download; education; electronic; example; experience; features; files; findings; gap; good; health; historical; history; images; index; information; information technology; issues; keyboard; legal; libraries; libraries december; library; likely; limitations; literature; lvs; majekodunmi; major; manual; match; materials; media; music; navigation; need; newspapers; non; number; ocr; online; overall; oxford; partial; percent; platform; press; print; proquest; readers; reference; related; research; research databases; resources; results; review; science; score; screen; section; service; significant; similar; skip; social; standards; state; students; studies; study; svs; table; technology; testing; text; time; total; transcripts; traps; university; usability; users; vendor; version; video; vpat; wcag; web; willis; work; world cache: ital-11977.pdf plain text: ital-11977.txt item: #116 of 712 id: ital-12035 author: Panescu, Adrian-Tudor; Grosu, Teodora-Elena; Manta, Vasile title: Stateful Library Analysis and Migration System (SLAM) date: 2021-12-20 words: 5565 flesch: 34 summary: As these cannot always be transferred across repositories, because each software uses its own URL schema, it is advisable to implement persistent identifiers before migrations. This paper considers a frequently overlooked aspect, namely the migration of records across systems, by introducing the Stateful Library Analysis and Migration system (SLAM) and presenting practical experiences with migrating records from DSpace and Digital Commons repositories to Figshare. keywords: access; analysis; architecture; bibliographic; component; considered; corpus; crosswalk; december; design; digital; elasticsearch; etl; example; fields; figshare; figure; files; grosu; implementation; information; institutional; issues; journal; libraries; library; library analysis; machine; manta; metadata; migrating; migration; migration system; module; multiple; need; new; number; open; order; persistent; point; processing; pănescu; records; repositories; repository; required; research; run; schema; script; slam; software; solutions; source; stateful; system; target; technology; time; use; view cache: ital-12035.pdf plain text: ital-12035.txt item: #117 of 712 id: ital-12039 author: Thomas, Camille; Vardeman, Kimberly; Wu, Jingjing title: User Experience Testing in the Open Textbook Adaptation Workflow date: 2021-03-11 words: 7729 flesch: 35 summary: This study examines user experience testing as a method to improve OER interfaces, learning experience, and accessibility during the OER production process using Pressbooks at a large research university. The e-book or e-textbook applications usability evaluation methods and results can be borrowed when understanding OER user needs. keywords: academic; accessibility; accessible; adaptation; adaptation workflow; assurance; available; best; campus; case; changes; community; content; contexts; corre; course; creators; design; development; devices; digital; distance; ebook; editors; educational; end; example; experience; experience testing; floe; framework; guidelines; human; important; information; information technology; institutional; international; journal; knowledge; learning; librarian; libraries; libraries march; library; literature; local; march; meinke; needs; oer; oer production; open; open textbook; original; participants; pdf; practices; pressbooks; process; production; project; publishing; quality; readers; repository; research; resources; review; round; screen; second; self; specific; students; studies; study; support; tasks; technology; testing; tests; texas; textbook; textbook adaptation; thomas; time; treviranus; universal; university; usability; user; user experience; user testing; vardeman; version; walz; web; website; workflow cache: ital-12039.pdf plain text: ital-12039.txt item: #118 of 712 id: ital-12041 author: Azadbakht, Elena; Schultz, Teresa title: At the Click of a Button date: 2020-06-11 words: 6286 flesch: 53 summary: ABSTRACT A number of browser extension tools have emerged in the past decade aimed at helping information seekers find open versions of scholarly articles when they hit a paywall, including Open Access Button, Lazy Scholar, Kopernio, and Unpaywall. Participants familiar with other browser extensions gravitated towards tools like Open Access Button, whereas those less experienced with other extensions preferred tools that load automatically, such as Unpaywall. keywords: access; access button; article; authors; azadbakht; bar; browser; button; click; design; experience; extensions; faculty; features; figure; finding; google; green; icon; information; instructions; journal; june; kopernio; lazy; libraries; library; literature; new; open; open access; page; participants; pop; prior; review; scholar; scholarly; schultz; screen; search; simple; students; studies; study; tab; technology; testing; text; tools; university; unpaywall; usability; use; users; version cache: ital-12041.pdf plain text: ital-12041.txt item: #119 of 712 id: ital-12053 author: Borrego, Ángel title: Measuring the Impact of Digital Heritage Collections Using Google Scholar date: 2020-06-11 words: 3934 flesch: 39 summary: As a result, the population of citing documents for the second part of the analysis on cited MDC collections was reduced to 274 documents. To what extent are MDC collections being used in the creation of scholarly outputs? keywords: articles; borrego; cases; citations; cited; collections; different; digital; digital heritage; digitized; disciplines; dissertations; documents; figure; google; google scholar; heritage; heritage collections; humanities; impact; information; journals; june; libraries; mdc; number; outputs; percent; records; references; research; resources; results; scholar; scholarly; scopus; specific; study; technology; text cache: ital-12053.pdf plain text: ital-12053.txt item: #120 of 712 id: ital-12067 author: Willis, Laurie title: Tackling the Big Projects date: 2020-03-16 words: 1327 flesch: 67 summary: • Predictability—The vendor has completed many similar projects so they had a solid idea what to expect and how long it would take. The cost of hiring a vendor initially seems steep, but staff time is also expensive. keywords: able; contract; control; implementation; learning; new; options; project; staff; time; training; vendor; website; work cache: ital-12067.pdf plain text: ital-12067.txt item: #121 of 712 id: ital-12089 author: Knox, Sheryl; Smiley, Trenton title: Google Us! date: 2020-03-16 words: 1716 flesch: 64 summary: Finally, in partnership with Koios, we will work with Patron Point to incorporate our automated email marketing system into Google Ad campaigns. Nonprofits in the Google Ad Grants program can set up various ad campaigns to promote whatever they like—the overall brand of the library, the collection, and various events, meeting room offerings or any other product or service. keywords: account; ads; area; campaigns; capital; catalog; digital; district; google; grant; information; knox; koios; libraries; library; march; marketing; new; right; service; smiley; technology; users; visitors cache: ital-12089.pdf plain text: ital-12089.txt item: #122 of 712 id: ital-12105 author: Morton-Owens, Emily title: A Framework for Member Success date: 2020-03-16 words: 1344 flesch: 46 summary: Members have been asking how the association can act more responsively on issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion—for example, how can we have incident response that is proactive and sensitive to member needs while recognizing the complexities of navigating that space as a member-based organization. But for new members looking for a foothold, or library workers who don’t see themselves in our association, our organization may look like a barrier. keywords: ala; challenges; committee; core; divisions; events; financial; framework; libraries; library; lita; members; membership; merger; morton; new; organization; owens; president; success; way cache: ital-12105.pdf plain text: ital-12105.txt item: #123 of 712 id: ital-12123 author: Vargas Ochoa, Isabel title: Navigation Design and Library Terminology date: 2020-12-21 words: 5304 flesch: 58 summary: This study chose a user-centered approach because of the library's desire to collect data and feedback from student users. Unfortunately, over the course of many decades, library terminology has been a hindrance for student users. keywords: access; audience; book; box; case; catalog; clicks; collections; complete; computer; data; december; design; duration; ease; figure; help; homepage; information; libraries; library; menu; minutes; navigation; navigation design; number; observations; ochoa; participants; prototype; request; research; science; search; students; studies; study; task; technology; terminology; university; usability; user; website cache: ital-12123.pdf plain text: ital-12123.txt item: #124 of 712 id: ital-12137 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor date: 2020-03-16 words: 341 flesch: 54 summary: The LITA Board has indicated that if the merger does not go through, LITA will be forced to dissolve over the coming year. That has been our core competency, born of a time when technology was the new thing in libraries. keywords: core; editor; library; lita; merger; technology cache: ital-12137.pdf plain text: ital-12137.txt item: #125 of 712 id: ital-12163 author: Hyams, Rebecca title: Tending to an Overgrown Garden date: 2020-12-21 words: 5057 flesch: 55 summary: The Database List While the LibGuides A-Z database list, a feature built into v2 of the platform, contained information about our databases, it was essentially only serving to provide links to databases when creating guide content. As we had discussed moving towards using the “automagic” integration of guide content into our Blackboard Learning Management System (LMS), this step will be key in ensuring that all subject areas have at least some resources students can use. keywords: area; asset; broken; cases; changes; cleanup; college; content; course; database; december; department; easier; english; faculty; garden; guides; homegrown; hyams; information; issues; items; libguides; librarian; libraries; library; links; list; navigation; new; overgrown; process; project; resources; separate; single; springshare; students; subject; system; technology; text; time; use; web; website; work; years cache: ital-12163.pdf plain text: ital-12163.txt item: #126 of 712 id: ital-12175 author: Jiang, Yiping; Chi, Xiaobo; Lou, Yan; Zuo, Lihua; Chu, Yeqi; Zhuge, Qingyi title: Peer Reading Promotion in University Libraries date: 2021-03-11 words: 6300 flesch: 37 summary: There are many practical projects in which libraries provide instruction to peer readers, such as the peer practical project at Wabash College, the student assistant project at Valparaiso University, the student consultant project at the University of New Mexico, the curriculum consultant project at the University of New Hampshire, and the student assistants project at Utah State University. For instance, Liu et al. created reading review flows to help improve users’ reading ability and optimize the reading experience by analyzing users’ needs on social platforms.32 Fox subdivided users on social media platforms into three categories—passive, active, and interactive—and summarized that users’ standardized behaviors can effectively enhance user interaction.33 Yao et al. studied the data gathered from practical activities such as information posts and book retrieval through social reading platforms at the Tsinghua University Library.34 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2021 PEER READING PROMOTION IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES | JIANG, CHI, LOU, ZUO, CHU, AND ZHUGE 4 METHODS Research Questions Existing studies on social reading promotion in libraries have mainly explored how to use social media platforms to promote and develop reading promotion services. keywords: activities; analysis; behavior; book; capital; chi; china; chu; college; community; data; different; education; experience; friends; group; information; information technology; jiang; journal; learning; librarian; libraries; libraries march; library; list; literature; lou; march; measurement; mechanical; media; need; network; new; number; online; opinions; participants; participation; peer; perspective; potential; process; programs; project; promotion; quarterly; readers; reading; reading promotion; reference; regression; relational; relationship; research; resources; results; reviews; role; scale; science; seeking; services; similar; social; social capital; social media; social networks; social reading; sparseness; structural; students; study; table; technology; test; theory; times; universities; university; university libraries; use; users; value; variables; wechat; zhejiang; zhuge; zuo cache: ital-12175.pdf plain text: ital-12175.txt item: #127 of 712 id: ital-12191 author: Smith, Drew; Cook, Meghan L.; Torrence, Matt title: Making Disciplinary Research Audible date: 2020-09-21 words: 5058 flesch: 42 summary: It is also the hope of those involved with Calling: Earth that it might provide a model or template for other RPT or library podcasts or media efforts. • Work with media staff to design marketing, including podcast title (avoiding duplication with other podcasts) and logo development. keywords: academic; administration; apple; assessment; audible; audience; calling; communication; content; cook; current; disciplinary; disciplinary research; downloads; earth; earth podcast; education; efforts; episodes; faculty; future; geosciences; graduate; hosting; impact; information; interviewee; librarian; libraries; library; libsyn; literature; logo; media; new; number; planning; podcast; podcasting; potential; production; research; research audible; researchers; review; rpt; scholarly; school; september; smith; staff; students; survey; technology; time; torrence; types; university; use; usf; work cache: ital-12191.pdf plain text: ital-12191.txt item: #128 of 712 id: ital-12197 author: Veve, Marielle title: Using the Harvesting Method to Submit ETDs into ProQuest date: 2020-09-21 words: 4364 flesch: 50 summary: LITERATURE REVIEW Currently, there are three options to submit ETDs into ProQuest: (1) submission through the ProQuest ETD Administrator tool, (2) submission via File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and (3) submission through harvests performed by ProQuest.3 ProQuest ETD Administrator Submission Option In this option, a proprietary submission tool called ProQuest ETD Administrator is used by students, or assigned administrators, to upload ETDs into ProQuest. keywords: administrator; agreement; available; commons; database; date; digital; dissertations; element; embargo; embargoed; etds; feed; field; figure; files; graduate; harvesting; harvesting method; harvests; information; institution; libraries; library; metadata; method; oai; option; pqdt; process; proquest; records; robot; september; students; submission; technology; template; theses; unf; university; veve cache: ital-12197.pdf plain text: ital-12197.txt item: #129 of 712 id: ital-12207 author: Friedenthal, Melody title: Intro to Coding Using Python at the Worcester Public Library date: 2020-06-11 words: 1662 flesch: 69 summary: Since CA’s classes are MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), the developers built in an automated way of correcting student code: embedded behind each web page of the course, there’s code that examines the student’s code and decides whether it is acceptable or not. It prepares students to take more intensive, college-level classes. keywords: class; code; coding; course; email; friedenthal; information; intro; june; lesson; libraries; library; manual; online; patrons; public; python; students; time; worcester cache: ital-12207.pdf plain text: ital-12207.txt item: #130 of 712 id: ital-12209 author: Reed, Karen; Miller, A title: Applying Gamification to the Library Orientation date: 2020-09-21 words: 9033 flesch: 42 summary: Across all literature of library orientation studies, there is little reference to other library user populations such as faculty, staff, community users, distance students, or students not formally part of a class that requires library orientation. These groups were invited to participate in the gamified experience called LibGO (short for library game orientation). keywords: academic; analysis; approach; authors; building; campus; college; comments; community; concerns; content; data; design; different; employees; experience; faculty; feedback; felker; figure; future; game; gamification; gamified; graduate; graduate students; groups; helpful; important; information; information technology; instruction; interactive; learning; level; libgo; libraries; libraries september; library; library orientation; library services; likely; literature; members; method; miller; new; number; online; open; orientation; orientation game; participants; person; phetteplace; physical; preference; purpose; qualitative; questions; reed; research; resources; responses; results; september; services; significant; staff; state; statistical; storytelling; students; studies; study; survey; table; technology; total; tour; traditional; twine; undergraduate; university; user; walker; way; website cache: ital-12209.pdf plain text: ital-12209.txt item: #131 of 712 id: ital-12211 author: Doney, Jylisa; Wikle, Olivia; Martinez, Jessica title: Likes, Comments, Views date: 2020-09-21 words: 5653 flesch: 33 summary: This project adapted the coding schema Stuart et al. employed to investigate the ways in which UK universities used Instagram.25 Expanding on research by McNely, Stuart et al. employed six Instagram post categories: orienting, humanizing, interacting, placemaking, showcasing, and crowdsourcing.26 For the purposes of the present study, the authors used the same category names when coding library Instagram posts. The results of this study indicate that libraries should seek to create Instagram posts that include various types of content while also ensuring that the content shared reflects their unique campus contexts. keywords: academic; academic libraries; accounts; analysis; authors; average; categories; category; coding; comments; content; crowdsourcing; data; doney; engagement; humanizing; idaho; information; instagram; instagram posts; institutions; investigation; libraries; library; library instagram; likes; martinez; media; number; online; orienting; percent; photos; posts; presence; research; schema; september; showcasing; social; social media; specific; stuart; study; table; technology; thelwall; total; types; universities; university; use; videos; views; wikle cache: ital-12211.pdf plain text: ital-12211.txt item: #132 of 712 id: ital-12219 author: Quintel, Denise; Wilson, Robert title: Analytics and Privacy date: 2020-09-21 words: 4704 flesch: 34 summary: For Matomo, Do Not Track is a default behavior, meaning that the tracker automatically honors a browser’s settings for all sites, which is sometimes not the case, as respecting the Do Not Track browser setting is voluntary for websites, not mandatory .19 Google Analytics offers the same service, as long as it is implemented by the user through a browser extension.20 IP anonymization and data deletion are all features that Matomo users can adjust easily from the dashboard, whereas Google Analytics users will need to make those adjustments programmatically. 3 Paul Betty, “Assessing Homegrown Library Collections: Using Google Analytics to Track Use of Screencasts and Flash-Based Learning Objects,” Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship 21, no. 1 (2009): 75–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/19411260902858631; Jason D. Cooper and Alan May, “Library 2.0 at a Small Campus Library,” Technical Services Quarterly 26, no. 2 (2009): 89–95, https://doi.org/10.1080/07317130802260735; Stephan Spitzer, “Better Control of User Web Access of Electronic Resources,” Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries 6, no. 2 (2009): 91–100, https://doi.org/10.1080/15424060902931997; Julie Arendt and Cassie Wagner, “Beyond Description: Converting Web Site Usage Statistics into Concrete Site Improvement Ideas,” Journal of Web Librarianship 4, no. 1 (2010): 37–54, https://doi.org/10.1080/19322900903547414; Steven J. Turner, “Website Statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to Measure Library Website Effectiveness,” Technical Services Quarterly 27, no. 3 (2010): 261–78, https://doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910; Gail Herrera, “Measuring Link-Resolver Success: Comparing 360 Link with a Local Implementation of WebBridge,” Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship 23, no. 4 (2011): 379–88, https://doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2011.627809; Wayne Loftus, “Demonstrating Success: Web Analytics and Continuous Improvement,” Journal of Web Librarianship 6, no. 1 (2012): 45–50, https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2012.651416; Tabatha A. Farney, “Click Analytics: Visualizing Website Use Data,” Information Technology & Libraries 30, no. 3 (2011): 141–8, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v30i3.1771. keywords: administration; analytics; anonymization; applications; articles; authors; collection; comparisons; concerns; control; data; discovery; ebsco; eds; events; features; figure; google; google analytics; implementation; information; journal; librarianship; libraries; library; matomo; matomo.org; metrics; months; mysql; new; open; o’brien; page; percent; php; pilot; piwik; privacy; process; products; quintel; report; research; september; server; service; site; specific; system; technology; terms; time; tool; tracking; user; visits; ways; web; web analytics; website; widget; wilson cache: ital-12219.pdf plain text: ital-12219.txt item: #133 of 712 id: ital-12235 author: Grabus, Sam title: Evaluating the Impact of the Long-S upon 18th-Century Encyclopedia Britannica Automatic Subject Metadata Generation Results date: 2020-09-21 words: 4744 flesch: 42 summary: 138-48, https://doi.org/10.7152/nasko.v7i1.15635. 10 Karen Attar, “S and Long S, in Oxford Companion to the Book, eds. Number of automatic subject indexing terms that are omitted when the Long-S is not corrected to a standard < s > as compared by encyclopedia entry word count. keywords: 18th; 3rd; analysis; automatic; automatic subject; britannica; century; corpus; count; digital; edition; encyclopedia; encyclopedia entry; entries; entry; figure; generation; grabus; historical; hive; impact; indexing; information; knowledge; lcsh; length; libraries; long; metadata; number; ocr; possible; project; research; results; september; standard; subject; subject indexing; subject metadata; technology; terms; tool; total; vocabularies; vocabulary; word cache: ital-12235.pdf plain text: ital-12235.txt item: #134 of 712 id: ital-12325 author: Fayyaz, Nosheen; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Shakir title: Accessibility of Tables in PDF Documents date: 2021-09-20 words: 9861 flesch: 37 summary: To fill this gap in the literature, this review paper reports on the current state of the accessibility of PDF documents, digital libraries, assistive technologies, tools, and frameworks that make PDF tables comprehensible and accessible to blind and visually impaired people. This paper highlights the significance of the rich semantics of PDF tables and the challenges in their interpretation and their presentation to blind and visually impaired people. keywords: accessibility; accessible; analysis; approach; automatic; better; blind; cataloging; cell; challenges; complex; conference; content; current; data; deep; descriptions; detection; digital; digital libraries; documents; domain; elements; et al; evaluation; extraction; fayyaz; features; formats; framework; future; general; help; heuristics; icdar; identification; images; impaired; individuals; information; information extraction; information technology; international; interpretation; issues; journal; khusro; knowledge; language; layout; learning; libraries; libraries september; library; like; machine; meaningful; methods; milosevic; model; multiple; natural; need; neural; new; ontologies; open; order; pdf; pdf documents; pdf tables; people; problems; proceedings; processing; rastan; readers; reading; recognition; relationships; representation; research; researchers; retrieval; science; segmentation; semantic; september; sets; solutions; specific; state; structure; system; table detection; table extraction; table interpretation; table processing; table structure; tables; tabular; techniques; technologies; technology; text; tools; ullah; understanding; university; unstructured; users; visual; web; xml cache: ital-12325.pdf plain text: ital-12325.txt item: #135 of 712 id: ital-12341 author: Gonzales, Sara; Carson, Matthew B.; Viger, Guillaume; O'Keefe, Lisa; Allen, Norrina B.; Ferrie, Joseph P.; Holmes, Kristi title: User Testing with Microinteractions date: 2021-03-11 words: 6342 flesch: 26 summary: Designing for user behaviors was the goal of Galter Library’s repository development team as we launched a round of user testing of the repository’s alph a version in Fall 2019. To acquire microinteraction data, Galter Library’s data librarian designed and organized a round of user testing of the alpha release of the repository in autumn 2019. keywords: access; adoption; allen; button; carson; center; data; datasets; design; development; devsci; download; exercise; expected; experience; feinberg; ferrie; file; filters; framework; functional; galter; generation; gonzales; health; holmes; information; institutional; interface; inveniordm; key; learning; librarian; libraries; library; license; local; management; march; medicine; metadata; microinteractions; national; needs; new; northwestern; open; o’keefe; project; record; repositories; repository; requirements; research; researchers; resource; results; school; sciences; searching; seconds; specific; subject; team; technology; testers; testing; tool; university; upload; user; user testing; viger cache: ital-12341.pdf plain text: ital-12341.txt item: #136 of 712 id: ital-12363 author: Sweeney, Miriam; Davis, Emma title: Alexa, Are You Listening? date: 2021-01-04 words: 9234 flesch: 44 summary: Since most of the examples of library voice assistant use detailed in the LIS trade literature came from public and academic libraries, these were the library types we identified as most likely to already be experimenting with voice assistants in services and programming. | SWEENEY AND DAVIS 7 Are libraries educating library patrons about voice assistant technologies as a part of services and programming? keywords: academic; access; alexa; amazon; american; answer; apple; applications; assistant technologies; assistant use; assistants; aware; classes; companies; concerns; content; control; data; data privacy; davis; december; devices; digital; echo; education; google; guidelines; home; hoopla; important; information; information technology; issues; key; kinds; legal; libraries; libraries december; library; library services; library workers; listening; literacy; opportunities; overdrive; party; patrons; people; percent; personal; platforms; policies; potential; practices; privacy; privacy concerns; professional; programming; public; questions; research; respondents; responses; services; short; siri; skills; smart; smart voice; staff; state; study; sure; surveillance; survey; sweeney; technologies; technology; terms; use; user; vendors; voice; voice assistants; workers cache: ital-12363.pdf plain text: ital-12363.txt item: #137 of 712 id: ital-12367 author: Ford, Kevin M title: Seeing through Vocabularies date: 2020-06-11 words: 2684 flesch: 47 summary: Ontologies and vocabularies are common when working with RDF (Resource Description Framework), a very simple data model in which information is expressed as a series of triple statements, each consisting of three parts: a subject, a predicate, and an object. The types of ontologies and vocabularies referred to here are in fact defined using RDF—Thing A is a Class and Thing Z is a Property. keywords: authoredby; bibframe; book; class; data; document; example; foaf; ford; formal; information; libraries; library; mads; metadata; model; ontologies; ontology; ontovoc; owl; properties; property; rdf; schema; technical; technology; use; users; vocabularies; vocabulary; xml cache: ital-12367.pdf plain text: ital-12367.txt item: #138 of 712 id: ital-12383 author: Morton-Owens, Emily title: Facing What’s Next, Together date: 2020-06-11 words: 755 flesch: 46 summary: When I wrote my March editorial, I was optimistically picturing some of the changes that we are now seeing for LITA—while being scarcely able to imagine how the world and our profession would need to adapt quickly to the impacts on library services as a result of COVID-19. Sometimes the expense of library technologies feels heavy, but these tools have the ability to scale services in crucial ways—making them available to more people at the same time, available to people who can only take advantage after hours, available across distances. keywords: available; community; digital; libraries; library; lita; making; members; morton; new; owens; services; sustainability; technology cache: ital-12383.pdf plain text: ital-12383.txt item: #139 of 712 id: ital-12391 author: McAndrew, Chuck title: LibraryVPN date: 2020-06-11 words: 1417 flesch: 57 summary: LibraryVPN is a new project that is pushing library services outside of the library to where the library is. This grant was to develop integrations between LEAP’s existing VPN solution and integrated library systems using SIP2 which will allow library patrons to sign in to LibraryVPN using their library card. keywords: access; data; information; libraries; library; libraryvpn; new; online; patrons; people; phase; privacy; project; public; security; services; technology; testing; vpn cache: ital-12391.pdf plain text: ital-12391.txt item: #140 of 712 id: ital-12405 author: Varnum, Ken title: Letter from the Editor date: 2020-06-12 words: 388 flesch: 61 summary: Letter from the Editor: A Blank Page LETTER FROM THE EDITOR A Blank Page Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2020 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v39i2.12405 Sincerely, Kenneth J. Varnum, Editor varnum@umich.edu June 2020 https://core.ala.org/ mailto:varnum@umich.edu keywords: blank; editor; june; letter; lives; new; page cache: ital-12405.pdf plain text: ital-12405.txt item: #141 of 712 id: ital-12453 author: McDonald, Courtney; Burkhardt, Heidi title: Web Content Strategy in Practice within Academic Libraries date: 2021-03-11 words: 13324 flesch: 42 summary: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2021 WEB CONTENT STRATEGY IN PRACTICE WITHIN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES | MCDONALD AND BURKHARDT 6 METHODS Following review and approval by the researchers’ institutional review boards, a web-based survey collecting information about existing workflows for web content, basic organizational information, and familiarity with concepts related to web content strategy was distributed to 208 professionals in April 2020. 6 Number of site editors Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 39 7 Describe responsibility for content Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 39 8 Existence of position(s) with primary duties of web content Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 39 9 Titles of such positions, if any Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 24 10 Familiar with web content strategy Content Strategy Practices 36 11 Definition of web content strategy Content Strategy Practices 32 12 Policies or documentation Content Strategy Practices 35 13 Methods Content Strategy Practices 37 14 Willing to be contacted — 37 15 Name — 27 16 Email — 26 The survey included 16 questions; question topics and response counts are noted in table 2. Informed consent was obtained as part of the first survey question. keywords: = =; academic libraries; access; alliance; appendix; area; arl; available; basic; best; block; blog; btaa; burkhardt; cmmi; cms; college; college oberlin; communications; concepts; consideration; contact; content; content management; content operations; content strategy; count; courtney; creation; current; data; decisions; definition; delivery; department; development; digital; drupal; editing; elements; email; employees; evaluation; experience; false; findings; following; general; goals; governance; group; gwla; heidi; individuals; information; information technology; institute; institution; irb; level; libguides; librarian; libraries march; library; lifecycle; link; list; maintenance; management; manager; maturity; mcdonald; members; methods; model; multiple; needs; new; number; oberlin; oberlin group; operations; organization; overall; pages; people; planning; position; practice; primary; privileges; process; purpose; questions; recruitment; research; research libraries; respondents; responses; responsibility; responsible; review; score; services; specific; staff; state; strategic; strategy maturity; strategy practice; structure; study; style; subject; support; survey; systems; table; team; technology; terms; time; titles; total; true; understanding; university; usability; user; vision; web content; website; wordpress; workflows; writing; xxxxxx cache: ital-12453.pdf plain text: ital-12453.txt item: #142 of 712 id: ital-12457 author: Zharinov, Serhii title: The Role of the Library in the Digital Economy date: 2020-12-21 words: 7791 flesch: 14 summary: The implementation of this project provides access to library services and information to a significant number of people living in remote areas of Northern Canada and unable to visit libraries (https://sites.google.com/ualberta.ca/dln/home?authuser=0, https://inuvialuitdigitallibrary.ca).35 Other representatives of modern digital libraries, one of the main tasks of which is the preservation of cultural heritage and the spread of national culture, are the British Library (https://www.bl.uk), the Hispanic Digital Library—Biblioteca Nacional de España (http://www.bne.es), Gallica Digital Library in France (https://gallica.bnf.fr), the German Digital Library—Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de), and the European Library (https://www.europeana.eu). After all, it is not about the development of IT companies, but about the consumption of services or goods they provide—online commerce, e-government, etc.—using digital information technology.”13 keywords: academic; access; activities; activity; analysis; area; business; changes; communication; community; company; components; comprehensive; concept; conditions; creation; cris; data; data management; databases; december; development; different; digital economy; digital infrastructure; digital library; digital skills; digital technologies; digital transformation; digitization; direction; dissemination; economic; educational; effective; experience; field; future; implementation; important; individual; information; information management; information technology; infrastructure; institutions; integration; international; introduction; involvement; journal; knowledge; level; libraries; libraries december; library; library development; main; management; metadata; methods; model; modern; needs; new; number; open; organization; percent; problems; process; processes; production; projects; public; publications; related; relevant; research; research data; research information; researchers; results; role; science; scientific; scientific information; scientific libraries; scientists; services; significant; skills; social; society; state; study; support; systems; technologies; technology; tools; transition; ukraine; ukrainian; university; use; users; work; world; zharinov cache: ital-12457.pdf plain text: ital-12457.txt item: #143 of 712 id: ital-12483 author: Mertoğlu, Uğur; Genç, Burkay title: Automated Fake News Detection in the Age of Digital Libraries date: 2020-12-21 words: 7496 flesch: 44 summary: This includes varieties of fake news such as propaganda, manipulation, misinformation, hate news, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES DECEMBER 2020 AUTOMATED FAKE NEWS DETECTION IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES | MERTOĞLU AND GENÇ 3 provocative news, etc. To this end, visual and textual checklists, frameworks, and guidance lists are being published by official organizations, such as IFLA’s13 http://www.fakenewschallenge.org/ INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES DECEMBER 2020 AUTOMATED FAKE NEWS DETECTION IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES | MERTOĞLU AND GENÇ 4 (International Federation of Library Associations) infographic which contains eight steps to spot fake news. keywords: acm; ads; age; analysis; approach; arxiv; association; automatic; available; checking; classification; classifier; conference; content; dataset; december; deception; deep; detection; detection systems; different; digital; digital content; digital libraries; digital news; dissemination; domains; et al; example; fact; fake; fake news; features; fight; figure; framework; future; gdelt; genç; information; information technology; international; key; language; learning; length; librarianship; libraries; libraries december; library; literacy; machine; media; mertoğlu; model; nature; news; news content; news detection; news text; online; organizations; paper; people; political; potential; preprint; problem; proceedings; professionals; research; results; role; science; score; second; set1; set2; set3; social; society; solution; sources; speed; spread; strategy; studies; study; systems; table; techniques; technology; text; textual; teyit.org; time; training; truth; turkish; types; use; valid; words cache: ital-12483.pdf plain text: ital-12483.txt item: #144 of 712 id: ital-12529 author: Formanek, Matus title: Solving SEO Issues in DSpace-based Digital Repositories date: 2021-03-11 words: 11574 flesch: 48 summary: Next, we present a case study of our own institution’s DSpace repository, performing several SEO tests and identifying the potential SEO issues through a group of three independent audit tools. Solving SEO Issues in DSpace-based Digital Repositories: A Case Study and Assessment of Worldwide Repositories ARTICLE Solving SEO Issues in DSpace-based Digital Repositories A Case Study and Assessment of Worldwide Repositories Matúš Formanek INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i1.12529 Matúš Formanek (matus.formanek@fhv.uniza.sk) is Assistant Professor in the Department of Mediamatics and Cultural Heritage, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zilina, Slovakia. keywords: academic; analytics; audit; available; average; canonical; case; checker; checkup; code; content; css; cultural; data; default; department; description; digital; digital repositories; dspace; dspace repositories; engines; example; facebook; file; final; following; formanek; google; heritage; html; https; image; important; information; information technology; installation; institutional; issues; javascript; keywords; language; libraries; libraries march; link; literature; major; march; media; mediamatics; meta; metadata; need; number; objects; online; opengraph; optimization; order; page; paper; parameters; points; process; quality; ranking; related; repositories; repository; research; results; roar; robots.txt; row; schema.org; scientific; score; search; semi; seo; seo issues; seo parameters; set; size; social; software; solving; specific; state; structured; study; system; table; tag; tags; technical; technology; test; testing; text; title; tomcat; tools; traffic; url; use; webpage; website; woorank; worldwide cache: ital-12529.pdf plain text: ital-12529.txt item: #145 of 712 id: ital-12553 author: Han, Yan; Rychlik, Marek title: Development of a Gold-standard Pashto Dataset and a Segmentation App date: 2021-03-11 words: 6145 flesch: 45 summary: Another article describes offline Pashto OCR using ML which tested more than 5,000 images in the dataset.13 The article describes its “extraction of lines containing Pashto content,” but these “lines containing Pashto content” have no specific resource or link to check. To ensure that the dataset has the gold-standard one-to-one mapping of a line image to a line text, the Ph.D. student keyed in Pashto texts line by line by viewing every individual line image. keywords: accuracy; afghanistan; algorithms; alphabet; analysis; app; approach; arabic; authors; available; books; character; chinese; collections; computer; content; corresponding; dataset; development; different; digital; document; figure; gold; han; handwritten; horizontal; images; information; international; journal; languages; latin; learning; left; letters; libraries; line; march; materials; method; models; ocr; open; order; page; pashto; pashto dataset; persian; rawan; recognition; repository; research; results; right; romanization; rychlik; scripts; segmentation; segmentation app; source; standard; standard pashto; system; technology; text; textbox; traditional; training; ttb; unique; university; use; users; vertical; way; word; writing; writing system cache: ital-12553.pdf plain text: ital-12553.txt item: #146 of 712 id: ital-12589 author: Jayakanth, Francis; Byrappa, Anand; Visvanathan, Raja title: Off-campus Access to Licensed Online Resources through Shibboleth date: 2021-06-15 words: 3678 flesch: 42 summary: Off-campus Access to Licensed Online Resources through Shibboleth ARTICLE Off-campus Access to Licensed Online Resources through Shibboleth Francis Jayakanth, Ananda T. Byrappa, and Raja Visvanathan INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i2.12589 ABSTRACT Institutions of advanced education and research, through their libraries, invest substantially in licensed online resources. Our institute has been using VPN technology to enable off-campus access to licensed online resources. keywords: access; authentication; authorized; byrappa; campus; campus access; federated; federation; figure; identity; idp; iisc; infed; information; institute; jayakanth; june; libraries; library; licensed; management; network; online; online resources; provider; publishers; resources; science; seamless; server; service; shibboleth; sign; single; software; technology; users; visvanathan; vpn cache: ital-12589.pdf plain text: ital-12589.txt item: #147 of 712 id: ital-12593 author: Krahmer, Ana; Douglas, Laura title: A Collaborative Approach to Newspaper Preservation date: 2020-09-21 words: 2170 flesch: 50 summary: In her work, she regularly assists patrons with newspaper research questions specifically related to Denton newspapers. To create a viable grant application DPL partnered with the Texas Digital Newspaper Program (TDNP), available through UNT’s Portal to Texas History, and decided to start first by digitizing as many early years of microfilm as grant funding could cover. keywords: access; available; city; collaboration; collection; denton; dpl; drc; funding; grant; history; laura; libraries; library; microfilm; newspaper; pages; portal; preservation; project; research; september; texas; time; unt; years cache: ital-12593.pdf plain text: ital-12593.txt item: #148 of 712 id: ital-12619 author: Ayre, Lori Bowen title: What More Can We Do to Address Broadband Inequity and Digital Poverty? date: 2020-09-21 words: 2584 flesch: 28 summary: Once it became possible for library staff to enter the building (per local health ordinances), the first thing that libraries started to do was accept returns. Rolling out curbside pick-up has had some challenges: how to safely make the handoff between library staff and library patrons; whether to accept returns; whether to charge fines; modifying mailto:lori.ayre@galecia.com https://www.webjunction.org/explore-topics/COVID-19-research-project.html INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES SEPTEMBER 2020 WHAT MORE CAN WE TO DO ADDRESS BROADBAND INEQUITY AND POVERTY? keywords: access; august; ayre; broadband; building; communities; community; curbside; digital; divide; equitable; hotspots; inequity; information; internet; libraries; library; local; material; needs; network; new; partners; people; pick; poverty; problem; project; returns; september; staff; state; technology; time cache: ital-12619.pdf plain text: ital-12619.txt item: #149 of 712 id: ital-12629 author: Connell, Ruth Sara; Wallis, Lisa; Comeaux, David title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Use of Academic Library Resources date: 2021-06-15 words: 7771 flesch: 46 summary: Whether it is because they do not realize library resources are available off campus or they have become fond of free web search tools such as Google Scholar, most public services librarians would expect a decrease in library resource usage when students are not on campus. ICOLC followed up by starting a comprehensive list of these materials on March 16, 2020.26 Despite increased access to online collections, library resource use was disrupted. keywords: academic; academic library; access; affected; available; borrowing; break; building; campus; catalog; change; chat; closure; comeaux; connell; control; control time; coronavirus; covid; covid time; covid-19; databases; decrease; discovery; ebsco; education; frame; hours; illinois; impact; information; institutions; interlibrary; item; june; lending; libguides; librarian; libraries; libraries june; library; library resources; loan; louisiana; lsu; main; march; monday; neiu; northeastern; online; pageviews; pandemic; physical; print; proquest; questions; reference; requests; research; resources; semester; services; spring; staff; state; students; technology; time; time frame; total; university; usage; use; valparaiso; valpo; wallis; website; week; year cache: ital-12629.pdf plain text: ital-12629.txt item: #150 of 712 id: ital-12637 author: Howard, Mary title: Harnessing the Power of OrCam date: 2020-09-21 words: 1160 flesch: 62 summary: The interesting aspect of this is we now have to take our technology profile even further by offering remote training to prospective OrCam users. The OrCam reader will repeat back any text immediately and is fit for all ages and abilities. keywords: able; assistive; books; county; device; information; libraries; library; michigan; orcam; patrons; power; reader; september; services; talking; technology; users cache: ital-12637.pdf plain text: ital-12637.txt item: #151 of 712 id: ital-12647 author: Paskali, Ljubomir; Ivanovic, Lidija; Kapitsaki, Georgia; Ivanovic, Dragan; Dimic Surla, Bojana; Surla, Dusan title: Personalization of Search Results Representation of a Digital Library date: 2021-03-11 words: 9314 flesch: 34 summary: Users have the ability to provide their feedback on the visualization of the search results, therefore indicating if they prefer a textual or new visual results representation (by changing search results representation style). The improvement of the user experience with the digital library of the University of Novi Sad dissertations (PHD UNS) through the personalization of search results representation is the aim of the research presented in this paper. keywords: academic; analysis; approach; architecture; basic; bibliographic; change; cloud; community; component; conference; context; core; cris; data; device; different; digital; digital library; dissertations; dragan; dublin; etd; experience; feedback; figure; file; formats; generator; harvard; image; implementation; information; information technology; international; ivanovic; journal; kapitsaki; libraries; libraries march; library; march; message; metadata; mode; necessary; needs; new; order; paper; paskali; personalization; phd; phd uns; previous; proceedings; queries; query; reference; representation; representation style; research; results representation; sad; scientific; search mode; search results; section; string; structured; surla; system; technology; template; textual; textual style; theses; time; types; university; uns; uns digital; uns system; users; visual; visual representation; visual results; visualization; way; web; word; word cloud; work cache: ital-12647.pdf plain text: ital-12647.txt item: #152 of 712 id: ital-12687 author: Weinraub Lajoie, Evviva title: In the Middle of Difficulty Lies Opportunity date: 2020-09-21 words: 896 flesch: 58 summary: While my approximately 2-month term as President may be the shortest in LITA history, it has been filled with meetings, reports, protests, and preparations for our metamorphosis into Core. At our last LITA Board meeting, Margaret Heller and Amanda L. Goodman presented a history of LITA. keywords: core; difficulty; health; https://core.ala.org/our-mission-vision-and-values/; lita; middle; opportunity; president; professional; time; university; work cache: ital-12687.pdf plain text: ital-12687.txt item: #153 of 712 id: ital-12691 author: Varnum, Ken title: Letter from the Editor date: 2020-09-21 words: 385 flesch: 44 summary: Evviva assumed the LITA presidency this summer, just before the merger of LITA, LLAMA, and ALCTS into the new Core division took place on September 1. I am excited about the possibilities of richer cross-Core cooperation and collaboration as we explore our new structure. keywords: core; editor; information; letter; library; lita; new; president; september cache: ital-12691.pdf plain text: ital-12691.txt item: #154 of 712 id: ital-12751 author: Ibacache, Kathia; Rybin Koob, Amanda; Vance, Eric title: Emergency Remote Library Instruction and Tech Tools date: 2021-06-15 words: 10874 flesch: 37 summary: Questions 3 and 4: The Strengths and Weaknesses of Tools as They Affect Student Engagement The authors wanted to know what tools respondents had used to enhance student engagement. This study will deliver and discuss findings from the survey as well as make recommendations toward best practices for utilizing technology tools and assessing them for equity and student engagement. keywords: ability; academic; access; addition; ala; answers; appendix; authors; barriers; challenges; classroom; communication; content; covid-19; data; delivery; design; difficult; digital; digital literacy; distance; easy; editing; education; emergency; emergency remote; engagement; equitable; equity; example; faculty; fewer; figure; gaps; google; help; higher; home; ibacache; important; information; information literacy; information technology; instruction; interactive; internet; issues; june; koob; lack; language; learning; libguides; librarians; libraries june; library; library instruction; library sessions; literacy; literacy gaps; literature; multiple; new; number; online; pandemic; question; recommendations; remote; remote learning; remote library; remote teaching; research; resources; respondents; responses; rybin; rybin koob; sessions; skills; specific; strengths; stress; student engagement; students; support; survey; teaching; tech tools; technologies; technology; technology tools; time; tools; tools instruction; university; use; vance; video; weaknesses; zoom cache: ital-12751.pdf plain text: ital-12751.txt item: #155 of 712 id: ital-12835 author: Galbreath, Blake Lee; Merrill, Alex; Johnson, Corey title: A Framework for Measuring Relevancy in Discovery Environments date: 2021-06-15 words: 7397 flesch: 45 summary: The assessment of newspaper articles also proved to be problematic, given their proclivity to inundate Primo search results with numerous and recent documents. Library discovery environments often present thousands, if not millions, of search results from an initial search query. keywords: academic; africa; articles; atlantic; authors; books; citations; data; difference; discovery; discovery environments; ended; environments; example; faceted; faceting; fall; framework; galbreath; grams; history; impact; information; johnson; journal; june; keywords; language; length; libraries; library; list; matches; matching; merrill; model; natural; newspaper; number; open; papers; primo; process; queries; query; rate; reference; relevancy; relevant; research; researchers; resource; results; search; search results; searches; searching; select; short; slave; source; spring; state; strategies; students; study; success; table; target; technology; terms; testing; total; trade; types; unique; university; user; washington; web cache: ital-12835.pdf plain text: ital-12835.txt item: #156 of 712 id: ital-12847 author: Goddard, Jon title: Public Libraries Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Creating a New Service Model date: 2020-12-21 words: 1658 flesch: 47 summary: Both librarians and those who provide library programs to the public had to quickly adjust to the virtual world in which we were suddenly living. Program attendance has increased and several Zoom meeting rooms have been maxed out.10 Through the lockdown, library patrons have been exercising, listening to concerts, taking virtual vacations, learning new skills, cooking, playing games, and reducing stress. keywords: community; conversation; covid-19; engagement; goddard; information; libraries; library; model; new; october; online; pandemic; patrons; phone; platforms; programs; public; reference; service; sjpl; staff; story; technology; time; virtual; wifi cache: ital-12847.pdf plain text: ital-12847.txt item: #157 of 712 id: ital-12857 author: Hall, Jessica title: Journey with Veterans date: 2020-12-21 words: 1405 flesch: 66 summary: The workshop she had taken described a program which utilized Google Expeditions to take seniors on virtual tours. The Journey with Veterans program took the technology to the veterans instead of requiring them to come into the library. keywords: expeditions; fresno; google; journey; library; participant; program; reality; tablet; time; tour; veterans; viewer; virtual cache: ital-12857.pdf plain text: ital-12857.txt item: #158 of 712 id: ital-12915 author: Ellern, Gillian (Jill) D; Cruz, Laura title: Black, White, and Grey date: 2021-12-20 words: 9251 flesch: 36 summary: How have you/your library navigated one of the following grey areas (drawn from working with VR in libraries) where a situation is ill-defined or not readily conforming to a category or an existing set of rules or policies? Microsoft Word - 12915 20211217 gallery.docx ARTICLE Black, White, and Grey The Wicked Problem of Virtual Reality in Libraries Gillian D. Ellern and Laura Cruz INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i4.12915 Gillian D. Ellern (ellern@email.wcu.edu) is Associate Professor and Systems Librarian, Hunter Library, Western Carolina University. keywords: academic; academic libraries; access; adoption; analysis; available; black; case; challenges; class; complex; complicated; content; cruz; current; data; december; design; development; education; ellern; emergent; equipment; example; experience; faculty; framework; funding; future; games; gateway; google; grey; headsets; higher; htc; information; information technology; institutions; integration; interview; issues; items; journal; knowledge; lab; labs; learning; librarian; libraries; libraries december; library; library vr; licensing; limited; list; long; management; need; new; number; oculus; people; physical; policies; possible; potential; present; problems; public; question; reality; related; research; researchers; respondents; role; room; science; service; software; space; staff; strategies; students; studies; study; support; tame; technologies; technology; term; time; titles; training; types; universities; university; use; users; virtual; virtual reality; vive; way; white; wicked; wicked problems; work; xr technology cache: ital-12915.pdf plain text: ital-12915.txt item: #159 of 712 id: ital-12959 author: Bianchini, Carlo; Bargioni, Stefano; Pellizzari di San Girolamo, Camillo Carlo title: Beyond VIAF date: 2021-06-17 words: 12392 flesch: 32 summary: Data flows just in one direction (from national libraries to VIAF), VIAF deletes and rebuilds clusters without giving priority to the stability of one cluster over another, and, after April 2020, VIAF no longer makes available to users a record of its changes.50 On the contrary, Wikidata data is always under strict control of any user, as its structure is designed to trace any minimum change to its data. Consequently, VIAF data does not always remain authoritative because errors can be both inherited and added, and clusters can be duplicated. keywords: agencies; analysis; approach; authoritative; authority; authority data; authors; available; bargioni; bianchini; bibliographic; biographical; cases; cataloguing; clusters; col; common; comparison; contributors; control; cultural; data providers; description; different; dumps; duplicates; entities; entity; environment; errors; ewan; example; external; file; forms; girolamo; group; identification; identifiers; ids; ifla; important; information; information technology; institutions; international; isni; isolated; items; june; kind; libraries; libraries june; library; linked; local; mac; metadata; model; names; national; national libraries; new; non; number; oclc; open; page; paper; pellizzari; personal; personal clusters; personal items; preferred; present; principles; project; property; providers; quality; rank; rdf; reciprocal; records; related; relationship; relevant; report; research; role; san; san girolamo; scope; semantic; september; single; software; sources; specific; stakeholders; statement; table; technology; tools; universe; university; users; values; variant; viaf; viaf clusters; viaf contributors; viaf data; viaf ids; viaf personal; viaf sources; viaf wikidata; way; web; wikibase; wikidata; wikidata items; wikipedia; worldwide; xml cache: ital-12959.pdf plain text: ital-12959.txt item: #160 of 712 id: ital-12963 author: Ridley, Michael; Pawlick-Potts, Danica title: Algorithmic Literacy and the Role for Libraries date: 2021-06-17 words: 6667 flesch: 23 summary: Referring more broadly to “AI literacy,” Long and Magerko provide an operational view defining it as “a set of competencies that enables individuals to critically evaluate AI technologies; communicate and collaborate effectively with AI; and use AI as a tool online, at home, and in the workplace.” 14 Daniel Zeng, “From Computational Thinking to AI Thinking,” IEEE Intelligent Systems (November/December, 2013), 2–4; Duri Long and Brian Magerko, “What Is AI Literacy? keywords: age; algorithmic literacy; algorithms; analysis; artificial; aspects; awareness; bias; broader; building; cambridge; community; computational; computational thinking; computer; computing; concepts; contexts; critical; cultural; data; decision; definition; development; different; digital; digital literacy; economic; education; everyday; explainable; focus; general; human; implications; important; information; information literacy; information technology; initiatives; intelligence; journal; june; key; knowledge; learning; libraries; libraries june; library; life; literacies; literacy; lives; long; machine; making; media; need; new; pawlick; people; potts; power; practices; press; problem; processes; programs; public; research; responsible; ridley; role; rules; science; set; skills; social; society; specific; staff; systems; technologies; technology; terms; thinking; tools; training; understanding; unique; university; use; users; variety; way; ways; world; xai; york cache: ital-12963.pdf plain text: ital-12963.txt item: #161 of 712 id: ital-12987 author: Homenda, Nicholas title: Persistent URLs and Citations Offered for Digital Objects by Digital Libraries date: 2021-06-15 words: 4956 flesch: 29 summary: Although libraries, archives, and museums have digitized and made digital objects in digital collections openly accessible for decades using several methods for providing persistent, citable URLs, how do institutions now present digital object URLs to people who encounter, use, and cite them? Catalyzed by recent digital collections migration initiatives at Indiana University Libraries, this study investigates the prevalence of persistent URLs for digital objects at peer institutions and examines the ways their platforms instruct users to cite them. keywords: accessible; ark; available; citable; citations; collections; common; data; different; digital; digital collections; digital library; digital objects; dlf; doi; education; formats; handle; homenda; identifier; image; indiana; information; institutions; item; journal; june; labels; libraries; library; likely; link; literature; materials; methods; multiple; number; objects; page; percentage; persistent; persistent link; persistent urls; platforms; publishing; purl; research; resolution; resource; science; services; software; study; table; technology; total; unique; university; urls; users; websites cache: ital-12987.pdf plain text: ital-12987.txt item: #162 of 712 id: ital-13027 author: Cronin, Christopher title: Leadership, Infrastructure, Futures date: 2020-12-21 words: 978 flesch: 50 summary: | DECEMBER 2020 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v39i4.13027 Christopher Cronin (cjc2260@columbia.edu) is Core President and Associate University Librarian for Collections, Columbia University. I am so pleased to be able to welcome all ITAL subscribers to Core: Leadership, Infrastructure, Futures! keywords: association; core; cronin; futures; information; infrastructure; ital; leadership; libraries; library; loss; need; president; professional; technology cache: ital-13027.pdf plain text: ital-13027.txt item: #163 of 712 id: ital-13051 author: Varnum, Ken title: Letter from the Editor date: 2020-12-21 words: 371 flesch: 44 summary: Rather, Public Libraries Leading the Way columns are meant to share practical experience with technology development or uses within the library. Along those lines, I’m extending my annual invitation to our public library colleagues to propose a contribution to our quarterly column, “Public Libraries Leading the Way.” keywords: editor; hope; libraries; library; public; year cache: ital-13051.pdf plain text: ital-13051.txt item: #164 of 712 id: ital-13053 author: Hardesty, Juliet; Nolan, Allison title: Mitigating Bias in Metadata date: 2021-09-20 words: 6224 flesch: 18 summary: This project uses skos:exactMatch relationships defined by the Homosaurus to enable researchers to use Homosaurus terms to search a library catalog and retrieve relevant results based on the connected LCSH terms that are already in the catalog record.5 Subject searches are conducted when the Homosaurus term and the LCSH term match exactly, since the LCSH term’s presence in the library catalog record indicates a specific grouping of records could have this subject term applied. DISCUSSION Sharing this proof-of-concept information retrieval aid using Homosaurus terms with the LGBTQ+ Culture Center librarian revealed the importance of usability testing and being receptive to a community’s needs. keywords: access; aid; american; application; archives; available; bias; black; catalog; center; classification; communities; community; concept; connections; culture; description; different; exact; feedback; gender; hardesty; headings; history; homosaurus; homosaurus term; indiana; information; information retrieval; initial; interface; iucat; knowledge; lcsh; lcsh term; lgbtq+; libraries; library; library catalog; marginalized; match; metadata; nolan; online; proof; records; related; research; researchers; resources; results; retrieval; search; searching; september; skos; subject; system; technology; terminology; terms; thesaurus; time; university; use; version; vocabularies; vocabulary; work cache: ital-13053.pdf plain text: ital-13053.txt item: #165 of 712 id: ital-13063 author: Boczar, Jason; Pollock, Bonita; Mi, Xiying; Yeslibas, Amanda title: Bridging the Gap date: 2021-12-20 words: 6584 flesch: 46 summary: ”23 LINKED DATA Linked data is one way to increase the access and discoverability of critical digital cultural heritage collections. Linked data allows institutions to share collections more easily. keywords: access; african; american; authors; bibframe; boczar; collections; congress; content; core; covid-19; cultural; cultural heritage; current; data; database; december; description; difficult; digital; digital collections; discoverability; discovery; document; dpla; european; example; field; figure; florida; future; gap; headings; heritage; history; human; implementation; information; information technology; institutions; lee; libraries; libraries december; library; marc; materials; metadata; names; national; new; object; open; people; pollock; possible; process; rdf; research; resources; schema; search; semantic; semantic web; social; south; sparql; store; subject; technologies; technology; triple; umbra; university; uris; use; user; usf; web; work; world; yeslibas cache: ital-13063.pdf plain text: ital-13063.txt item: #166 of 712 id: ital-13117 author: Fruehan, Parker; Hellyar, Diana title: Expanding and Improving Our Library’s Virtual Chat Service date: 2021-09-20 words: 3547 flesch: 49 summary: • Be prepared for non-university affiliated patrons using chat services, especially from subject guides easily found through search engines. Floating chat widget on the redesigned library homepage with the proactive setting enabled (pop-up modal) to invite users to begin a chat. keywords: address; behavior; best; buley; button; change; chat; desk; fruehan; hellyar; help; inappropriate; information; interaction; libchat; librarians; library; page; pandemic; patron; person; policy; pop; practices; proactive; questions; reference; september; service; session; springshare; subject; system; technology; time; training; university; usage; user; virtual; widget cache: ital-13117.pdf plain text: ital-13117.txt item: #167 of 712 id: ital-13193 author: Lund, Brady title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution date: 2021-03-11 words: 1955 flesch: 50 summary: The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Does It Pose an Existential Threat to Libraries? EDITORIAL BOARD THOUGHTS The Fourth Industrial Revolution Does It Pose an Existential Threat to Libraries? keywords: board; brady; changes; diffusion; editorial; era; fourth; fourth industrial; good; ideas; industrial; industrial revolution; information; internet; journal; libraries; library; likely; lot; program; raitt; revolution; science; technological; technologies; technology; university cache: ital-13193.pdf plain text: ital-13193.txt item: #168 of 712 id: ital-13209 author: Black, Matthew; Powelson, Susan title: A Rapid Implementation of a Reserve Reading List Solution in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2021-09-20 words: 5322 flesch: 40 summary: In response to the changes to the post-secondary learning environment due to COVID-19 and to better integrate our course reserve reading list services with our library management system (Ex Libris’ Alma), Libraries and Cultural Resources (LCR) at the University of Calgary (UCalgary) decided to rapidly implement Ex Libris’ reading list solution Leganto. This implementation was an opportunity for LCR to continue to provide reserve reading list service while implementing new workflows to support online access to resources (digitization and purchase requests). keywords: alma; black; configurations; course; covid-19; d2l; engagement; faculty; fall; functions; implementation; information; instructors; lcr; learning; leganto; libraries; library; libris; list; management; musto; need; new; online; physical; powelson; rapid; rapid implementation; reading; reading list; reserve; reserve reading; resources; september; service; solution; staff; students; support; system; team; technology; term; tool; university; use; workflows cache: ital-13209.pdf plain text: ital-13209.txt item: #169 of 712 id: ital-13241 author: Narlock, Mikala; Brower, Don title: Product Ownership of a Legacy Institutional Repository date: 2021-09-20 words: 5264 flesch: 22 summary: Other problems that have plagued repositories include limited adoption rates, restricted resources to support digitization of analog materials for faculty that operate in both analog and digital media, failing support from fellow library colleagues, and inconsistent and incomplete metadata.8 Salo warned more than a decade ago that high-level library administrative support would be necessary to empower repository managers to enact lasting and substantive change, and recent studies echo these concerns.9 Libraries have slowly started to serve faculty on their terms, such as by creating automated processes for populating IRs, streamlining content deposits, experimenting with metadata harvesting features to provide increased access, and building more tools to integrate directly with the research lifecycle.10 ABSTRACT Many academic libraries have developed and/or purchased digital systems over the years, including digital collection platforms, institutional repositories, and other online tools on which users depend. keywords: academic; access; adoption; boundaries; brower; campus; case; clear; code; collections; content; critical; current; deposit; development; digital; direction; external; faculty; features; future; hesburgh; information; infrastructure; institutional; institutional repository; internal; legacy; legacy institutional; libraries; library; limited; maintenance; materials; mission; narlock; needs; new; open; outputs; owners; ownership; product; product ownership; repositories; repository; research; resources; role; scholarly; scholarship; scope; september; service; stakeholders; study; support; system; technical; technology; time; university; useful; users; wide; work; years cache: ital-13241.pdf plain text: ital-13241.txt item: #170 of 712 id: ital-13257 author: Suni, Karin; Brown, Christopher title: We Can Do It for Free! date: 2021-03-11 words: 1676 flesch: 51 summary: With a dedicated home for this content, we have been inspired to seek out older videos of Special Collections programming across multiple channels and link them to the repository. This has proven to increase repository traffic while providing information on how patrons discover our content. keywords: activities; brown; collections; content; division; engagement; framework; free; freeware; google; information; libraries; library; limited; online; pandemic; patrons; programming; public; repository; sites; software; special; suni; technology cache: ital-13257.pdf plain text: ital-13257.txt item: #171 of 712 id: ital-13261 author: Berra, Daniel title: Utilizing Technology to Support and Extend Access to Students and Job Seekers during the Pandemic date: 2021-03-11 words: 1490 flesch: 50 summary: Many of our nearly 70,000 residents are frequent users of library services, attend our wide array of programs, hold meetings, study or work inside the building and enjoy both the physical and virtual library collection. The ongoing pandemic necessitated a re-imagining of library services. keywords: access; community; district; high; job; libraries; library; needs; pandemic; pflugerville; public; resources; school; service; students; support; technology; virtual cache: ital-13261.pdf plain text: ital-13261.txt item: #172 of 712 id: ital-13279 author: Wang, Zhiyu; Wu, Jingyu; Yu, Guang; Song, Zhiping title: Text Analysis and Visualization Research on the Hetu Dangse During the Qing Dynasty of China date: 2021-09-20 words: 8726 flesch: 37 summary: Thus, in this study, we aim to use text analysis and visualization methods in machine learning to conduct data mining analysis of historical document data. The application of machine learning in historical data analysis has attracted the attention of researchers in management, history, and computer science. keywords: affairs; affairs office; algorithm; analysis; archives; area; automatic; beijing; catalog; catalog data; charge; china; chinese; classification; close; clustering; coefficient; content; correlation; dangse catalog; dangse |; data; data analysis; documents; dynasty; fengtian; figure; frequency; functions; general; hetu dangse; historical; historical archives; historical data; historical documents; history; information; information technology; institutions; internal; internal affairs; keywords; knowledge; learning; liaoning; libraries; libraries september; machine; management; methods; minister; ministry; model; network; noun; number; office; official; parameter; period; qing; qing dynasty; receiving; records; related; relationship; research; researchers; results; revenue; sample; scholars; science; segmentation; september; set; shengjing; shengjing area; song; study; svm; system; technology; text; text analysis; total; traditional; university; use; vector; visualization; visualization research; volumes; wang; word; word2vec; yamen; zuoling cache: ital-13279.pdf plain text: ital-13279.txt item: #173 of 712 id: ital-13297 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Reviewers Wanted date: 2021-03-12 words: 476 flesch: 40 summary: We are seeking the broadest pool of reviewers possible. Reviewers should expect to review 2-4 articles a year and should provide thoughtful and actionable comments to authors and the editor. keywords: editor; information; ital; journal; letter; libraries; process; reviewers cache: ital-13297.pdf plain text: ital-13297.txt item: #174 of 712 id: ital-13333 author: Koh, HyunSeung; Fienup, Mark title: Topic Modeling as a Tool for Analyzing Library Chat Transcripts date: 2021-09-20 words: 8541 flesch: 38 summary: Topic modeling techniques are one of the chat analysis methods, but again, it seems that they have not been fully explored yet in chat analyses in nonlibrary settings, even though they have been used in a wide range of contexts.13 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES SEPTEMBER 2021 Topic Modeling as a Tool for Analyzing Library Chat Transcripts ARTICLE keywords: academic; access; allocation; analysis; anchor; applications; article; article topic; attach; best; better; book; campus; chat; chat transcripts; check; clear; clear topic; coherence; collection; computer; conventional; corex; correlation; data; database; database topic; desk; different; digital; dirichlet; dmm; document; education; email; evaluation; explanation; fienup; file; floor; good; guidedlda; hours; human; idf; information; information technology; interlibrary; international; interpretability; journal; judgment; koh; latent; lda; learning; librarian; libraries; libraries september; library; library chat; link; loan; methods; metrics; mixture; modeling techniques; models; multinomial; number; online; open; outcomes; paper; peer; plsa; print; probabilistic; proceedings; python; qualitative; quality; question; reference; renew; request; research; reserve; review; room; semantic; september; services; set; sets; settings; source; special; step; student; study; table; techniques; technology; text; themes; time; today; tool; topic; topic coherence; topic modeling; topic models; transcripts; types; unsupervised; user; words; york cache: ital-13333.pdf plain text: ital-13333.txt item: #175 of 712 id: ital-13353 author: Ely, Eric title: Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Statements on Academic Library Websites date: 2021-12-20 words: 8777 flesch: 26 summary: Eighty-four percent (n=95) of library websites contained a mission statement and 3.5% (n=4) of libraries contained a direct link from the homepage. Despite this issue, Salisbury and Griffis found that mission statements were available in two steps or fewer in over 60% (n=72) of libraries. keywords: academic; academic libraries; analysis; april; aspect; association; commitment; communication; consortium; content; content analysis; cultural; december; dei; dei content; dei statements; discrimination; diverse; diversity content; diversity statements; education; ely; equity; examination; example; explicit; explicit dei; figure; homepage; hypermodality; inclusion; inclusion statements; information; information technology; institutional; iowa; issues; justice; language; lemke; librarianship; libraries; libraries december; library; library dei; library websites; links; making; meanings; member; michigan; minnesota; mission; mission statements; nebraska; november; organizational; page; plan; presence; present; presentational; public; racial; racism; research; research libraries; resources; rutgers; saunders; social; staff; state university; statements; strategic; students; study; technology; uborrow; university; university libraries; university university; users; vague; ways; websites; white; wilson; yes cache: ital-13353.pdf plain text: ital-13353.txt item: #176 of 712 id: ital-13355 author: Tallman, Nathan title: A 21st Century Technical Infrastructure for Digital Preservation date: 2021-12-20 words: 8730 flesch: 32 summary: Storage In this new stack, storage is primarily managed through software defined storage with data flowing over networks. 38 “Fujifilm Launches ‘Fujifilm Software-Defined Tape,’” FUJIFILM Europe, May 19, 2020, https://perma.cc/B3GN-PLR9. 39 Aghayev et al., “File Systems Unfit as Distributed Storage Backends.” 40 IBM Systems, “Tape Goes High Speed,” 2016, https://perma.cc/FNV9-RTG9; “Fujifilm Launches ‘Fujifilm Software-Defined Tape’”; Desire Athow, “Here’s What Sony’s Million Gigabyte Storage Cabinet Looks Like,” TechRadar (blog), 2020, https://perma.cc/VHN4-LAYT. keywords: 20th; 21st; 21st century; activities; advanced; advancements; application; approach; authentication; basic; block; block storage; century; century stack; century technical; ceph; checksums; cloud; commercial; common; computing; content; copies; cost; crc32; cultural; data; december; different; digital; digital preservation; disk; file; file storage; filesystem; fixity; function; hard; heritage; impact; industry; information; information technology; infrastructure; ingest; integrity; layer; layout; level; libraries; libraries december; library; long; media; metadata; microservices; model; modern; ndsa; necessary; network; new; object; object storage; ocfl; organizations; oxford; physical; possible; preservation; preservation activities; preservation storage; private; public; rest; risk; sector; servers; software; stack; storage; storage infrastructure; suited; survey; sustainability; systems; tallman; tape; technical; technical infrastructure; technology; time; transactional; university; use; users; versioning; virtual; virtualization cache: ital-13355.pdf plain text: ital-13355.txt item: #177 of 712 id: ital-13389 author: Longmeier, Meris Mandernach title: Hackathons and Libraries date: 2021-12-20 words: 8925 flesch: 27 summary: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES DECEMBER 2021 HACKATHONS AND LIBRARIES |LONGMEIER 10 Considerations When Using Libraries as Source If libraries are interested in hosting a hackathon where the library plays a more central role, there are several options of ready-to-use library and museum data that could allow the host to also serve as the content provider. In Scopus and the ACM Digital Library, the most successful searches included the following: (hackathon* OR makeathon*) and library; in Library Literature and Information Science and LISTA databases, the most successful searches included: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES DECEMBER 2021 HACKATHONS AND LIBRARIES |LONGMEIER 4 hackathon OR makeathon OR “coding contest.” keywords: academic; access; approach; apps; archives; articles; available; building; campus; carruthers; challenges; city; civic; code; collections; college; communities; community; competition; content; cultural; data; davis; day; december; design; details; development; digital; edit; edmonton; engage; event; focus; following; glam; guide; hackathon; hackathon events; hacking; hahn; highlight; history; host; humanities; ideal; information; information technology; innovation; institutions; issues; journal; learning; libraries; libraries december; libraries |longmeier; library; library data; library hackathon; library services; library spaces; library staff; literacy; local; location; mandernach; materials; mestre; mobile; movement; museum; nandi; new; open; open data; outreach; participants; partnerships; planning; platform; process; processes; programming; project; public; public library; purpose; research; resources; role; science; services; social; software; source; spaces; specific; staff; students; support; teams; technology; theme; thinking; time; tools; university; use; ward; ways; year; |longmeier cache: ital-13389.pdf plain text: ital-13389.txt item: #178 of 712 id: ital-13415 author: McCormack, Allison; Wittmann, Rachel title: Rarely Analyzed date: 2022-06-15 words: 4937 flesch: 31 summary: This piecemeal approach to digital library collection development, while not uncommon, made it difficult for library staff and patrons to determine the relationship between the digital and physical collections of rare books. LITERATURE REVIEW While much has been written about methods and criteria for selecting special collections items to be digitized and the effects of digitization on collection accessibility, few authors have discussed the relationships between digital collections and the physical collections from which they were sourced. keywords: alma; analysis; authors; books; books collection; codes; collection; congress; country; criteria; data; development; digital; digital collection; digital library; digital rare; digitization; digitized; field; geographic; history; information; june; libraries; library; list; location; marc; marriott; materials; mccormack; metadata; names; numbers; online; order; patrons; physical; physical collection; physical rare; place; policies; policy; publication; rare; rare books; records; representative; selection; special; special collections; states; subject; tableau; technology; united; university; use; utah; wittmann; works cache: ital-13415.pdf plain text: ital-13415.txt item: #179 of 712 id: ital-13461 author: Sauers, Michael P. title: Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab date: 2021-06-15 words: 1361 flesch: 67 summary: Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab: Using Simple Technology to Serve the Public in a Time of Crisis EDITORIAL BOARD THOUGHTS Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab Using Simple Technology to Serve the Public in a Time of Crisis Michael P. Sauers INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i2.13461 But what I’d like to talk about is one new service we implemented that was simple, easy to set up, and has had a significant impact on a number of our members: Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab. keywords: available; information; interview; june; lab; libraries; online; programming; public; room; sauers; services; simple; space; technology; time; use; virtual cache: ital-13461.pdf plain text: ital-13461.txt item: #180 of 712 id: ital-13499 author: Yarbrough, Will title: Service Barometers date: 2021-06-15 words: 1189 flesch: 67 summary: Typically, kiosks are used as a sort of satellite collection, delivering library services directly to the community. Service Barometers: Using Lending Kiosks to Locate Patrons PUBLIC LIBRARIES LEADING THE WAY Service Barometers Using Lending Kiosks to Locate Patrons William Yarbrough INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i2.13499 Public libraries have been using lending kiosks for close to ten years now. keywords: center; chesapeake; city; items; jackson; kiosks; lending; libraries; library; medina; need; new; patrons; public; service; southern; way cache: ital-13499.pdf plain text: ital-13499.txt item: #181 of 712 id: ital-13513 author: Heller, Margaret title: Making Room for Change through Rest date: 2021-06-15 words: 1208 flesch: 59 summary: Public libraries become a hub for activity as schools are closed, and school and academic libraries may use slow periods when classes are not in session for necessary systems upgrades or to roll out a new service. For people working in library technology, however, the “summer break” is often anything but. keywords: change; column; core; help; institutions; leadership; libraries; library; new; pandemic; rest; services; space; summer; technology; time; work; year cache: ital-13513.pdf plain text: ital-13513.txt item: #182 of 712 id: ital-13537 author: Jayakanth, Francis; Byrappa, Ananda T; Minj, Filbert title: Migration of a Research Library's ICT-Based Services to a Cloud Platform date: 2022-03-21 words: 5407 flesch: 46 summary: The library had dedicated computer servers for its email, institutional repository, library website, integrated library management system (LMS), and online journal publishing system. Other libraries that intend to migrate their services to a cloud platform should ensure that the library staff entrusted with the migration process are comfortable working with the command prompt, especially in the Linux operating system environment. keywords: access; apache; application; azure; azure cloud; byrappa; capacity; cloud; cloud migration; cloud platform; computing; configuration; corresponding; cost; cpu; database; disk; dspace; email; eprints; etd; hardware; hosting; ict; information; infrastructure; institute; institution; jayakanth; libraries; library; libsys; management; march; microsoft; migration; migration process; minj; new; office; platform; process; publications; repository; research; research library; secondary; series; server; services; single; software; ssd; standard; storage; support; system; technology; usage; virtual; vms; web; website cache: ital-13537.pdf plain text: ital-13537.txt item: #183 of 712 id: ital-13573 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Improving ITAL's Peer Review date: 2021-06-17 words: 411 flesch: 31 summary: It is joined by two other regular items, our Editorial Board Thoughts essay by Michael P. Sauers, “Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab: Using Simple Technology to Serve the Public in a Time of Crisis” and William Yarbrough’s Public Libraries Leading the Way column, “Service Barometers: Using Lending Kiosks to Locate Patrons.” Persistent URLs and Citations Offered for Digital Objects by Digital Libraries / Nicholas Homenda Kenneth J. Varnum, Editor varnum@umich.edu June 2021 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/about/editorialTeam https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13513 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13461 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13461 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13499 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13499 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12629 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12751 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12751 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12589 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12835 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12959 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12963 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12987 mailto:varnum@umich.edu In This Issue keywords: articles; column; core; editorial; https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12751; issue; ital; journal; leadership; letter; libraries; peer; review; reviewers cache: ital-13573.pdf plain text: ital-13573.txt item: #184 of 712 id: ital-13601 author: Kordahi, Marilou title: Ontology for the User-Learner Profile Personalizes the Search Analysis of Online Learning Resources date: 2022-06-15 words: 7663 flesch: 35 summary: They are an opportunity for learners to discover new disciplines and explore new areas.29 In fact, “the process for indexing metadata records meets standards for education, such as LOM, LOMFR and SupLOMFR.”30 At present, there is no feedback on the use of Thematic Digital Universities platforms. In a general manner, information about the environment class comes from Thematic Digital Universities platforms (e.g., the viewed metadata records). keywords: access; activities; analyses; analyze; application; approach; article; behavioral; bloom; classes; classification; conference; context; dashboard; decimal; design; dewey; digital; digital libraries; digital profile; digital universities; digital user; domains; educational; engineering; environment; example; exploratory; figure; following; general; ims; information; information technology; interest; june; knowledge; kordahi; learner; learner model; learner profile; learning; libraries; libraries june; management; metadata; model; modeling; needs; objectives; oer; online; ontology; ontoulp; open; personal; personalized; preferences; profile; program; psul; questionnaire; records; relationships; research; resources; search; semantic; structure; subsystem; system; tailor; taxonomy; technical; technology; thematic; thematic digital; topical; topics; universities; university; user; user modeling; web; works cache: ital-13601.pdf plain text: ital-13601.txt item: #185 of 712 id: ital-13659 author: Byrd-McDevitt, Dominic; Dewees, John title: Using DPLA and the Wikimedia Foundation to Increase Usage of Digitized Resources date: 2022-03-21 words: 4541 flesch: 34 summary: With the workflow developed by DPLA’s Technology Team in mid-2020, an authorized bot account on Wikimedia Commons (User:DPLA_bot, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:DPLA_bot) uploads assets from DPLA institutions. As a result one thing to keep in mind is that while a given organization may include in their gift or accession agreement a statement that digitized versions of physical resources are allowed to be shared through channels decided by the organization, this does not necessarily extend to Wikimedia Commons users outside your organization, because of the requirement to be able to reuse materials with little restriction past attribution and the need to share alike, depending on the standardized rights statement. keywords: articles; assets; available; byrd; case; commons; dewees; digital; digitized; dpla; figure; file; foundation; geography; harvest; hubs; iiif; images; information; information technology; institutions; libraries; libraries march; library; march; mcdevitt; metadata; ohio; open; page; process; project; public; records; resources; rights; service; standardized; technology; tlcpl; usage; use; users; views; wikimedia; wikimedia commons; wikimedia foundation; work cache: ital-13659.pdf plain text: ital-13659.txt item: #186 of 712 id: ital-13697 author: Williams, Carole title: Delivering date: 2021-09-20 words: 1291 flesch: 60 summary: With the central sorter, new items go out daily mixed in with the rest of the daily shipment. This required all staff to simultaneously learn new systems and change many of our in-house procedures while continuing with daily operations. keywords: amh; branches; central; changes; charleston; county; daily; items; libraries; library; materials; new; patrons; public; rfid; services; shipment; sorter; staff; technology cache: ital-13697.pdf plain text: ital-13697.txt item: #187 of 712 id: ital-13775 author: Ritzo, Chris; Rhinesmith, Colin; Jiang, Jie title: Measuring Library Broadband Networks to Address Knowledge Gaps and Data Caps date: 2022-09-19 words: 8174 flesch: 22 summary: As Bertot, Real, and Jaeger concluded, one of the big challenges that public libraries have been dealing with is that the speed of public library internet connections “can vary significantly according to local population density.”9 In this paper, we present findings from this study, which seeks to address a gap in understanding, particularly among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, about the speeds and quality of service of public library internet connections across the United States. keywords: access; additional; aggregate; analysis; bertot; better; branch; broadband; broadband measurement; broadband networks; city; clarkston; communities; community; connection; county; county library; data; data studio; device; differences; different; digital; download; expected; figure; final; findings; inclusion; individual; individual library; information; information technology; internet; internet service; jaeger; jiang; knowledge; lab; large; levels; libraries; libraries september; library; library broadband; library data; library library; local; management; maximum; measured; measurement; measurement lab; michigan; mlbn; mlbn data; mlbn libraries; ndt; need; networks; new; ongoing; ookla; open; page; paper; platforms; project; public; public data; public libraries; quality; questions; report; report page; research; rhinesmith; ritzo; september; servers; service; source; speeds; staff; state; stream; studio; studio report; study; suburb; support; survey; system; technology; tests; town; understanding; upload; year cache: ital-13775.pdf plain text: ital-13775.txt item: #188 of 712 id: ital-13781 author: Swanson, Paul title: Building a Culture of Resilience in Libraries date: 2021-09-20 words: 1695 flesch: 55 summary: Patrons have different expectations of libraries; library staff have different expectations of management and of the technology that drives library services and their day-to-day work. Through the pandemic, many libraries focused on core services, reimagining them so they can function in new ways during the crisis. keywords: change; crisis; culture; decision; expectations; flexibility; libraries; library; making; new; organization; resilience; services; technology; way; work cache: ital-13781.pdf plain text: ital-13781.txt item: #189 of 712 id: ital-13783 author: Kim, Heesop; Maltceva, Nadezhda title: Digitization of Libraries, Archives, and Museums in Russia date: 2022-12-19 words: 7535 flesch: 20 summary: By analyzing this matter, the authors hope to present the state of cultural heritage digitization in Russia and uncover problems and limitations in this field. For example, Lopatina and Neretin discussed the modernization of the system of cultural information resources and the history of preserving digital cultural heritage in Russia.4 Astakhova pointed out the problem of the digitization of cultural heritage and the transformation of art objects into 3D models.5 Miroshnichenko et al. discussed the problem of organizing digital documents in the state archives and pointed out the issues of providing digitized archival documents for wide access through open electronic resources.6 mailto:heesop@knu.ac.kr mailto:nadyamaltceva7@gmail.com INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES DECEMBER 2022 DIGITIZATION OF LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, AND MUSEUMS IN RUSSIA | KIM AND MALCEVA 2 Despite a long history of improvements in digitization policies and programs, issues still exist in the major cultural repositories, and Russia’s level and scope of digitization research are still lagging behind many European countries.7 Therefore, three primary research questions guide this study: 1. keywords: access; archival; archives; art; books; catalog; collections; copies; country; cultural; cultural heritage; culture; database; december; development; digital; digital archives; digital cultural; digitization; digitization projects; digitized; documents; electronic; example; federal; federation; fonds; government; hermitage; historical; history; important; information; information technology; institutions; internet; issues; items; kim; lams; largest; law; legal; level; libraries; libraries december; library; main; malceva; materials; modern; museums; national; national library; new; objects; online; policy; preservation; problems; process; program; project; publications; rare; research; researchers; resources; russian; russian archives; russian federation; russian libraries; russian museum; society; state; state russian; study; technologies; technology; unique; university; users; value; virtual; website; work; world cache: ital-13783.pdf plain text: ital-13783.txt item: #190 of 712 id: ital-13799 author: Glowacka-Musial, Monika title: Applying Topic Modeling for Automated Creation of Descriptive Metadata for Digital Collections date: 2022-06-15 words: 4514 flesch: 34 summary: Applying Topic Modeling for Automated Creation of Descriptive Metadata for Digital Collections ARTICLE Applying Topic Modeling for Automated Creation of Descriptive Metadata for Digital Collections Monika Glowacka-Musial INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2022 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v41i2.13799 Monika Glowacka-Musial (monikagm@nmsu.edu) is Assistant Professor/Metadata Librarian, New Mexico State University Library. TOPIC MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS Topic modeling (TM) is one of the methodologies used in natural language processing (NLP). keywords: access; algorithm; allocation; applications; average; best; blei; candidate; catalogers; collections; college; content; creation; david; descriptive; descriptive metadata; different; digital; dirichlet; documents; figure; function; glowacka; headings; humanities; information; information technology; jordan; journal; june; large; latent; lda; libraries; libraries june; library; list; metadata; method; mexico; mining; modeling; models; musial; new; news; news releases; number; performance; press; proceedings; process; project; recall; releases; research; results; science; set; state; subject; subject headings; technology; test; text; topic; topic modeling; training; university; words cache: ital-13799.pdf plain text: ital-13799.txt item: #191 of 712 id: ital-13803 author: Letriz, Joseph title: Local Hosting of Faculty-Created Open Education Resources date: 2022-03-21 words: 3721 flesch: 35 summary: Directions for setting up this configuration option are also available as part of Pressbooks documentation on their website. 8 “Installation.”, Pressbooks Documentation, Pressbooks, last modified February 23, 2022, https://docs.pressbooks.org/installation/. 9 Dale Easley, “The Story of the Earth.” keywords: access; account; additional; available; aws; configuration; cost; documentation; dubuque; education; faculty; hosting; information; installation; instance; institution; interface; letriz; libraries; library; license; local; march; materials; multisite; necessary; needs; network; oer; open; options; platform; pressbooks; primary; process; resources; server; site; software; state; students; support; system; technology; time; university; wordpress; work cache: ital-13803.pdf plain text: ital-13803.txt item: #192 of 712 id: ital-13859 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor date: 2021-09-20 words: 351 flesch: 16 summary: In peer-reviewed content, we have a diverse set of articles on range of topics: bias mitigation in metadata; accessibility of PDF documents; two articles on automated classification of different kinds of texts; two articles with lessons learned due to our abrupt move to remote service; and a case study on the importance of product ownership. Expanding and Improving Our Library’s Virtual Chat Service: Discovering Best Practices When Demand Increases / Parker Fruehan and Diana Hellyar 6. keywords: articles; case; editor; editorial; https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13117; letter; libraries; library; resilience; september; service cache: ital-13859.pdf plain text: ital-13859.txt item: #193 of 712 id: ital-14027 author: Berkowitz, Adam title: Classical Musicians v. Copyright Bots date: 2022-06-15 words: 4364 flesch: 23 summary: YouTube algorithms deal with approximately 98% of all copyright issues and, because YouTube’s business model generates profits primarily via user-uploaded content, it has been found to show bias towards established copyright owners.26 Copyright owners can set preferences for how they want the system to react to instances of copyright infringement, resulting in the automatic monetization of 95% of claims for the copyright owner. One study showed that YouTube is surprisingly inaccurate in its attempts to recognize infringing material in live broadcasts, failing to identify 26% of copyrighted footage within the first thirty minutes of streaming and blocking 22% of non-infringing livestreams.13 Research strongly suggests that the only factors considered by music copyright enforcement systems are pitch, volume, and melodic and harmonic contour.14 keywords: algorithmic; article; berkowitz; bots; broadcasts; claims; classical; classical musicians; content; copyright; copyright bots; copyright enforcement; copyright infringement; covid-19; december; different; dispute; domain; enforcement; facebook; fair; google; help; income; information; infringement; issues; june; law; libraries; library; live; media; moderation; musicians; networks; october; online; owners; pandemic; patrons; performances; point; process; public; public domain; questions; recordings; resources; social; social media; streaming; studios; systems; technology; university; upload; uploaders; uploading; user; videos; work; youtube cache: ital-14027.pdf plain text: ital-14027.txt item: #194 of 712 id: ital-14033 author: Valizadeh-Haghi, Saeideh; Nasibi-Sis, Hamed; Shekofteh, Maryam; Rahmatizadeh, Shahabedin title: ResearchGate Metrics’ Behavior and Its Correlation with RG Score and Scopus Indicators date: 2022-03-21 words: 5050 flesch: 39 summary: The correlation between ResearchGate metrics and RG score of faculty members Publication Followers Question Answers RG score Correlation coefficient 0.918 0.774 0.11 0.185 P-value < Furthermore, all four RG metrics had a positive and significant relationship with Scopus indicators (p-value <0.05), in which the number of shared publications had the highest correlation compared to other RG metrics. keywords: activity; behavior; citation; correlation; faculty; faculty members; findings; haghi; indicators; information; libraries; mahajan; medical; members; metrics; nasibi; network; number; publications; questions; rahmatizadeh; relationship; researchers; researchgate; researchgate metrics; results; rg metrics; rg score; sbmu; sciences; scientific; scopus; score; sharing; shekofteh; significant; sis; social; study; table; technology; university; valizadeh cache: ital-14033.pdf plain text: ital-14033.txt item: #195 of 712 id: ital-14041 author: Friedenthal, Melody title: How COVID Affected our Python Class at the Worcester Public Library date: 2021-12-17 words: 1608 flesch: 64 summary: In session one, I acknowledged that it’s difficult to learn technical material via Zoom, and I encouraged everyone to ask questions during class and to email me if they are stymied while working on the homework. Thonny is a free IDE (Integrated Development Environment) where students can write and execute Python code. keywords: class; classes; computer; covid; december; email; face; friedenthal; lab; libraries; library; person; public; python; screen; session; students; thonny; worcester; zoom cache: ital-14041.pdf plain text: ital-14041.txt item: #196 of 712 id: ital-14073 author: Coughlin, Daniel title: Balancing Community and Local Needs date: 2022-03-21 words: 6408 flesch: 45 summary: These lenses provided a thorough examination for us to decide on how to proceed; they are community needs and potential tension that exists with local needs, our team dynamics, and finally the platform we built our software on and the infrastructure required to maintain it. This complexity could lead to longer timelines and more difficult planning for local development features. keywords: able; access; api; applications; campus; code; common; community; components; coughlin; data; developers; development; difficult; digital; dynamics; environment; example; experience; features; fedora; figure; files; information; infrastructure; initial; institutional; involvement; large; lenses; libraries; library; local; local needs; march; metadata; model; needs; new; open; penn; platform; point; priorities; process; project; release; repository; research; samvera; scholarly; scholarsphere; services; set; software; solr; solution; source; stability; state; storage; successful; support; system; team; technical; technology; time; university; upload; users; way; work; years cache: ital-14073.pdf plain text: ital-14073.txt item: #197 of 712 id: ital-14093 author: Qing, Fan; Tan, Guoxin ; Sun, Chuanming; Chen, Panfeng title: Research on Knowledge Organization of Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on Metadata date: 2022-06-15 words: 4918 flesch: 13 summary: Design principles of intangible cultural heritage metadata The design of the metadata model of intangible cultural heritage information resources should be fully compatible with popular metadata standards. The creation of metadata standards in the field of intangible cultural heritage must first combine the basic concepts and characteristics of cultural heritage to extract specific attributes and provide element definitions that describe the basic characteristics of intangible cultural heritage resources, that is, core metadata. keywords: application; art; attributes; basic; category; characteristics; chen; china; concepts; construction; content; core; cultural; cultural heritage; definition; description; design; different; digital; elements; entities; entity; field; framework; general; heritage; heritage metadata; information; intangible; intangible cultural; introduction; june; knowledge; knowledge organization; libraries; library; long; metadata; metadata standards; model; museum; national; network; nzkpt&v; object; organization; principles; project; protection; qing; rdf; relationship; relevant; research; resources; retrieval; semantic; set; sharing; specification; standards; sun; system; technology; types; users; visual; woodcarving; wuhan cache: ital-14093.pdf plain text: ital-14093.txt item: #198 of 712 id: ital-14099 author: Avgousti, Avgoustinos; Papaioannou, Georgios title: The Current State and Challenges in Democratizing Small Museums’ Collections Online date: 2023-03-20 words: 6712 flesch: 18 summary: This study aims to fill this gap by researching small museums in Cyprus and asking the following research question: What is the current state of small museum collections online in Cyprus, and what challenges do they face in democratizing their collections online? Online collections create opportunities for small and geographically isolated museums to deliver learning opportunities to audiences around the world, something all museums should aim for.9 While larger museums have done well, smaller ones have not been as successful.10 Much of past knowledge is stored in small museums, whose importance in preserving cultural heritage should not be underestimated.11 They sometimes add far more to social capital than larger national ones.12 Though the need for museum collections online is recognized, there are limitations. keywords: access; accessible; available; avgousti; budget; cases; challenges; collections; complexity; conference; consumable; content; cultural; current; current state; cyprus; data; digital; digitization; dissemination; easy; european; goal; gouveia; heritage; honeysett; information; information technology; infrastructure; institutions; insufficient; international; internet; interviews; knowledge; lack; libraries; machine; main; march; metadata; methods; museum collections; museums; need; network; new; obstacle; online; online access; online collections; papaioannou; paper; people; percent; problem; publishing; readable; report; research; resources; respondent; results; sample; semantic; semantic web; set; significant; size; small; small museums; solutions; staff; state; study; survey; systems; technical; technological; technologies; technology; time; tools; university; web; world cache: ital-14099.pdf plain text: ital-14099.txt item: #199 of 712 id: ital-14141 author: Guo, Yajun; Yang, Zinan; Yuan, Yiming; Ma, Huifang; Liu, Yan Quan title: Contactless Services date: 2022-06-15 words: 6927 flesch: 43 summary: The emergence of online self -service library services has greatly contributed to the development of equalization and standardization of public library services. It is foreseeable that contactless services will become the mainstream of public library services in the future. keywords: access; account; applications; available; books; borrowing; building; card; china; chinese; city; construction; contactless; contactless services; covid-19; data; delivery; development; digital; example; extension; face; figure; free; guo; help; hunan; information; information technology; intelligent; interaction; journal; june; large; large public; libraries; libraries june; library; library services; literature; liu; management; media; methods; mobile; model; national; needs; network; new; official; online; overdue; pandemic; patron services; patrons; payment; personal; physical; printing; provincial; public; public libraries; rate; reader; reading; recognition; reference; reference services; registration; remote; research; resources; science; self; service libraries; services; smart; smart libraries; smart services; space; study; survey; system; technology; time; touch; university; use; virtual; website; wechat; yang; yuan cache: ital-14141.pdf plain text: ital-14141.txt item: #200 of 712 id: ital-14175 author: Symulevich, Allison; Hamilton, Mark title: Using Open Access Institutional Repositories to Save the Student Symposium during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2022-03-21 words: 5542 flesch: 38 summary: College campuses began delivering remote instruction in a matter of days and organizers of student research symposiums around the country were forced either to cancel or reimagine the events. OSU is considering using hybrid solutions in the future as well.29 CONCLUSION Moving in-person student research symposiums to online platforms during a pandemic is challenging. keywords: access; april; archiving; audio; campus; canvas; commons; community; conferences; content; covid-19; digital; events; faculty; files; florida; hamilton; high; host; houston; impact; information; institutional; institutional repositories; learning; lessons; libraries; library; longwood; march; office; online; open; pandemic; person; petersburg; platform; posters; practices; presentations; projects; repositories; repository; research; scholarly; showcase; south; spring; staff; student; student research; symposium; symulevich; team; technology; time; undergraduate; universities; university; use; usf; video; virtual; work cache: ital-14175.pdf plain text: ital-14175.txt item: #201 of 712 id: ital-14291 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Letter from the Editor date: 2021-12-20 words: 297 flesch: 41 summary: Microsoft Word - 14291 20211219 author.docx LETTER FROM THE EDITOR December 2021 Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i4.14291 Another year is nearly in the books. Black, White, and Grey: The Wicked Problem of Virtual Reality in Libraries / Gillian D. Ellern and Laura Cruz / 3. keywords: december; digital; diversity; equity; inclusion; libraries; library; public; year cache: ital-14291.pdf plain text: ital-14291.txt item: #202 of 712 id: ital-14325 author: Guo, Yan; Lam, Apple Hiu Ching; Chiu, Dickson K. W.; Ho, Kevin K. W. title: Perceived Quality of Reference Service with WhatsApp date: 2022-09-19 words: 6992 flesch: 27 summary: How can academic libraries increase user satisfaction with WhatsApp reference services? Some studies also stressed that many students welcome WhatsApp as an effective reference service platform.29 However, Friday et al. pointed out that some librarians might not be trained and equipped with proper and up -to- date skills in using social media tools to provide library services effectively and efficiently.30 Further, Aina, Babalola, and Oduwole argued that hurdles such as instructional policies, lack of time, and heavy workloads might cause difficulties in using these tools to provide library services.31 As for evaluation, Mohd Azmi, Noorhidawati, and Yanti Idaya Aspura applied RUSA’s guidelines for the behavioral performance of reference and information service providers to evaluate the perceived importance versus actual practices of WhatsApp reference service from librarians’ perspectives.32 They suggested that although librarians expressed their awareness of the importance of RUSA guidelines, they would not fully comply with the guidelines because of time and other constraints. keywords: academic; academic libraries; affect; analysis; application; aspura; azmi; behavioral; chiu; control; data; dickson; different; digital; education; effectiveness; email; face; friday; guidelines; guo; help; hong; hours; idaya; indicators; information; information technology; instant; journal; kevin; kong; lam; librarian; librarianship; libraries; library; library services; master; media; messaging; methods; mobile; mohd; noorhidawati; number; online; performance; phone; quality; reference; reference service; research; respondents; response; satisfaction; september; service quality; services; skills; social; staff; students; studies; study; survey; table; technology; time; tools; traditional; tsang; tsui; university; usage; user; virtual; virtual reference; w. chiu; web; wechat; whatsapp; whatsapp reference; whatsapp satisfaction; whatsapp service; yanti cache: ital-14325.pdf plain text: ital-14325.txt item: #203 of 712 id: ital-14433 author: Ullah, Asim; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Irfan title: Library Management Practices in the Libraries of Pakistan date: 2022-09-19 words: 14816 flesch: 42 summary: Library of Fatima Jinnah Women University https://fjwu.edu.p k/library/ ✓ ✓     Library of National Textile University http://ntu.edu.pk/ library/ ✓ ✓  ✓ ✓  Cn, Oh, Ne, FAQ FB tt, su, at, as tt, su, at, ca NA B, Bd, J, OPAC Cg, InfL  ✓ 50. keywords: academic; academic libraries; access; accessibility; ahmad; ali; ameen; applications; available; bhatti; books; browse; cataloging; challenges; collection; college; content; criteria; current; data; description; design; details; development; digital; digital library; discovery; edu.pk/ ✓; electronic; electronic library; engineering; evaluation; faq; figure; framework; ganaee; general; general information; guidelines; guides; hec; infl ; information; information science; information technology; information web; instructional; international; issues; journal; kanwal; khan; khusro; khyber; knowledge; lack; libraries; libraries september; library; library management; library services; library software; library users; library website; limited; lis; literature; lod; management practices; mlw; muhammad; na b; na na; need; new; number; online; opac; opportunities; pakistan; pakistan library; people; peshawar; policies; practices; prisma; professionals; publications; purpose; rafiq; records; reference; relevant; research; researchers; resources; review; rwd; science; search; section; selection; services; sharing; smartphone; social; software; state; study; su na; table; technologies; technology; title; tools; tt na; ullah; university; university libraries; url library; users; values; warraich; web; websites; ✓ ✓; ✓ ;  c;  cn;  g;  ✓;   cache: ital-14433.pdf plain text: ital-14433.txt item: #204 of 712 id: ital-14683 author: Ridley, Michael title: Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) date: 2022-06-15 words: 7159 flesch: 17 summary: The purpose of XAI is for AI systems to have “the ability to explain their rationale, characterize their strengths and weaknesses, and convey an understanding of how they will behave in the future” 12 and to “enable human users to understand, appropriately trust, and effectively manage the emerging generation of artificially intelligent partners. This paper provides an overview of XAI with key definitions, a historical context, and examples of XAI techniques, strategies, and processes that form the basis of the field. keywords: abstraction; academic; academy; access; accountability; advocacy; agency; ai systems; algorithmic; approach; approximation; area; artificial; artificial intelligence; assessment; association; audit; auditing; authorizations; available; bias; black; box; collections; complex; computing; conference; context; court; critical; current; data; decisions; design; different; et al; european; expert; explainability; explainable; explainable ai; explainable artificial; explanation; explanatory; feature; field; focus; framework; good; human; ieee; important; industry; influence; information; information systems; information technology; intelligence; interest; international; journal; june; key; law; learning; learning systems; libraries; libraries june; library; literacy; machine; machine learning; methods; michael; model; necessary; new; oversight; people; policy; power; principles; processes; proofs; public; regulation; reproducibility; research; results; review; ridley; right; science; set; society; specific; standards; strategies; studies; survey; systems; technical; techniques; technology; tool; transparency; trust; understanding; university; users; validations; xai; york cache: ital-14683.pdf plain text: ital-14683.txt item: #205 of 712 id: ital-14719 author: Wu, Annie; Davis-Van Atta, Taylor ; Scott, Bethany; Washington, Anne; Thompson, Santi; Jones, Jerrell ; Weidner, Andrew; Ramirez, A. Laura; Smith, Marian title: Navigating Uncharted Waters date: 2022-09-19 words: 7041 flesch: 34 summary: The theses and dissertations digitization workflow starts with pulling physical volumes from shelves. Group members noted relevant information pertaining to a variety of topics focused on theses and dissertations digitization. keywords: access; accessibility; activities; approach; atta; authors; available; batch; canon; case; collection; communication; content; copyright; davis; development; digital; digitization; digitized; digitizing; dissemination; dissertations; dissertations digitization; documents; electronic; equipment; file; force; group; guidance; houston; image; information; ingest; institutional; jones; legacy; legal; libraries; libraries september; library; literature; materials; members; metadata; number; ocr; pages; phase; physical; planning; policy; preservation; print; procedures; process; processing; project; promotion; ramirez; records; repository; research; retrospective; scanned; scanners; scanning; scholarship; scott; september; services; smith; software; status; student; system; table; task; task force; tdd; tdd task; team; technology; text; theses; thompson; tracking; uncharted; university; van; volumes; washington; waters; weidner; workflow; works cache: ital-14719.pdf plain text: ital-14719.txt item: #206 of 712 id: ital-14773 author: Lund, Brady title: Policy Before Technology date: 2022-03-21 words: 1563 flesch: 44 summary: Technology policy can be a boring subject, but its necessity cannot be overstated for reducing liability and threats to the well-being of patrons, library employees, and property. It is important to have technology policy in place before the INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2022 POLICY BEFORE TECHNOLOGY | LUND 3 technology is made available to the public so that patrons can make informed decisions about whether to use the technology and/or agree to share data. keywords: board; data; editorial; important; information; learning; libraries; library; lund; new; patrons; policies; policy; public; reality; research; risks; services; technologies; technology; threats; use; virtual cache: ital-14773.pdf plain text: ital-14773.txt item: #207 of 712 id: ital-14801 author: Vargas Ochoa, Isabel title: A Library Website Migration date: 2022-12-19 words: 4047 flesch: 47 summary: ABSTRACT This article provides a background on the migration of the California State University (CSU), Stanislaus library website from an open-source platform to a content management system specifically designed for library websites. The project manager migrated the final and redesigned library website and website content, conducted the student usability studies, tested the CMS and created a CMS recommendation for the library, and consulted with outside librarians on their experience migrating a website and using Drupal or Springshare as their library website CMS. keywords: accessibility; campus; cms; complete; consultations; content; december; design; development; drupal; information; libguides; libguides cms; librarian; libraries; library; library website; management; menu; migration; navigation; new; ochoa; pandemic; platform; project; prototype; redesign; services; springshare; stanislaus; students; study; support; systems; technology; time; trials; university; usability; website; website design; website migration cache: ital-14801.pdf plain text: ital-14801.txt item: #208 of 712 id: ital-14881 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors (March 2022) date: 2022-03-21 words: 485 flesch: 15 summary: Local Hosting of Faculty-Created Open Education Resources / Joseph Letriz Kenneth J. Varnum, Editor Marisha C. Kelly, Assistant Editor varnum@umich.edu mkelly@ncu.edu https://www.ala.org/news/member-news/2022/01/marisha-c-kelly-selected-new-ital-assistant-editor https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-FOY8y5hyHr8Op9wMoUvFc3yz3ctyKEO/view?usp=sharing https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/call-for-submissions https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/call-for-submissions https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14773 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14773 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13659 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14033 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14073 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14073 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14175 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14175 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13537 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13803 mailto:varnum@umich.edu mailto:mkelly@ncu.edu Contribute to the Journal IN THIS ISSUE ITAL needs new Editorial Board members to fill vacancies starting in July. keywords: board; editor; information; issue; journal; libraries; library; marisha; science; technology; university cache: ital-14881.pdf plain text: ital-14881.txt item: #209 of 712 id: ital-14967 author: Wang, Yongming title: Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Analyze Library Chat Reference Transcripts date: 2022-09-19 words: 3929 flesch: 47 summary: In addition to library chat data, ML has been also used to analyze other library data, including library digital collections and library tweet data. In recent years, the library community has begun looking at ways to improve library services by applying AI and machine learning techniques to library data. keywords: academic; analysis; artificial; better; boosting; chat; data; false; feature; forest; gradient; help; information; intelligence; language; large; learning; libraries; library; machine; machine learning; model; modeling; natural; nlp; nonreference; positive; predict; preprocessing; processing; project; purpose; python; questions; random; reference; results; september; services; step; techniques; technology; testing; text; time; topic; transcripts; university; vectorization; wang; words; yes cache: ital-14967.pdf plain text: ital-14967.txt item: #210 of 712 id: ital-15097 author: Gerrish, Thomas; Kong, Ningning Nicole title: Spatiotemporal Distribution Change of Online Reference During the Time of COVID-19 date: 2022-12-19 words: 5547 flesch: 45 summary: We evaluated and compared the information from the spatiotemporal distribution pattern change of online reference patrons before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the geographic origins of reference questions redistributed after COVID-19 protocols were initially implemented and the university community underwent a temporary geographical redistribution. keywords: a.m.; address; area; campus; change; chat; classes; community; covid-19; data; december; digital; distance; distribution; distribution change; fall; figure; geographic; gerrish; gis; hours; indiana; information; international; kong; libraries; library; local; location; median; number; online; online reference; p.m.; pandemic; patrons; physical; population; questions; reference; reference questions; reference service; semester; service; spatiotemporal; spatiotemporal distribution; spring; staff; states; students; technology; time; united; university; user; virtual; zone cache: ital-15097.pdf plain text: ital-15097.txt item: #211 of 712 id: ital-15101 author: Rushton, Erin; Mulligan, Bern title: A Library Website Redesign in the Time of COVID date: 2022-12-19 words: 3759 flesch: 62 summary: THE WEB TEAM The Libraries’ web team is the group that leads website redesign projects and maintains the website. Another aspect of the Libraries’ website redesign project was the content of LibGuides. keywords: architecture; august; ben; binghamton; collections; committee; content; covid; december; feedback; figure; focus; google; groups; home; information; july; launch; libraries; library; library website; march; meetings; mulligan; new; page; pandemic; person; project; redesign; rushton; screenshot; services; students; team; technology; time; university; user; website cache: ital-15101.pdf plain text: ital-15101.txt item: #212 of 712 id: ital-15107 author: Watson, Alex title: To Thine Own 3D Selfie Be True: Outreach for an Academic Library Makerspace with a 3D Selfie Booth date: 2023-12-18 words: 7028 flesch: 44 summary: Name: _ Address: Phone No.: _ Signature: Parent/Guardian Signature (if under 18): INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES DECEMBER 2023 TO THINE OWN 3D SELFIE BE TRUE 14 WATSON APPENDIX B: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION 1. Audience Participation Information: Undergraduate Graduate Faculty Staff Community Resident Other (please specify) _____ 2. Have you ever visited the ldealab or StudioOne in the [LIBRARY]? Do you follow the [LIBRARY handle] on any social media platforms? lnstagram Facebook Twitter None of the above I do not use social media INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES DECEMBER 2023 TO THINE OWN 3D SELFIE BE TRUE 15 WATSON APPENDIX C: FULL RESPONSES # Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 1 Undergraduate Yes Other (Walk-up) keywords: 3d printing; 3d scanner; 3d scanning; 3d selfie; academic; august; available; body; booth; campus; data; davis; days; december; effect; event; facebook; faculty; gallant; griffey; groenendyk; idealab; information; information technology; instagram; interest; large; libraries; libraries december; library; location; makerspace; making; media; mississippi; new; number; objects; outreach; particular; patrons; printer; printing; reuscher; scanner; scanning; scans; selfie; selfie booth; similar; social; staff; students; studioone; survey; technology; tent; time; today; traffic; true; twitter; uml; undergraduate; university; use; variety; walk; watson cache: ital-15107.pdf plain text: ital-15107.txt item: #213 of 712 id: ital-15123 author: Ingram-Monteiro, Neah; McKernan, Ro title: An Omeka S Repository for Place- and Land-Based Teaching and Learning date: 2022-09-19 words: 5282 flesch: 32 summary: Faculty partners worked through the challenges of creating public OER from private, contextual lesson plans and learning objects.11 Given the curricular emphasis on relational accountability in the Salish Sea bioregion, and the central role of Indigenous knowledge holders and ways of knowing in line with land-based education, materials referenced in Salish Sea Studies include Traditional Knowledge of Indigenous nations. In the second phase, we focused on developing an index of Salish Sea resources, including information to help instructors find, adapt, and remix published maps, vetted terminology, and bioregional archival collections. keywords: activity; bioregion; building; collections; college; community; context; copyright; course; creation; critical; curriculum; dcterms; design; development; digital; education; example; faculty; https://whatcomdigitalcommons.org/s/salishsea/page/welcome; index; indigenous; information; ingram; institutional; instructors; iterative; knowledge; land; learning; librarian; libraries; library; license; materials; mckernan; metadata; monteiro; multidisciplinary; objects; oer; omeka; online; open; partners; phase; placeand; placeand land; process; project; questions; relational; repository; resources; salish; salish sea; sea; sea studies; september; share; sharing; site; studies; support; teaching; technology; transboundary; university; user; washington; ways; wcc; work; wwu cache: ital-15123.pdf plain text: ital-15123.txt item: #214 of 712 id: ital-15143 author: Liu, Yan Quan; Lewis, Sarah title: Services to Mobile Users: The Best Practice from the Top-Visited Public Libraries in the US date: 2023-03-20 words: 8218 flesch: 54 summary: “Perceived situation efficiency and perceived mobile library quality positively affect intention to use mobile library, demonstrating that both quality and situation efficiency are necessary to satisfy library users’ needs in mobile era. Improved communication with patrons increases exposure to communities who otherwise would not use library services. keywords: ability; access; accessible; app; apps; available; book; card; catalog; chat; closed; common; computer; contact; covid-19; databases; dedicated; devices; email; events; figure; forms; google; guo; hours; information; information technology; lewis; librarian; libraries; libraries march; library; library mobile; library services; liu; locations; march; media; meeting; mobile; mobile devices; mobile reference; mobile services; mobile users; new; number; offering; online; pandemic; patrons; people; percent; percentage; place; play; printing; public; public libraries; recommendations; reference; reference services; reservation; rooms; services; social; states; store; study; survey; technology; text; time; united; urban; users; virtual; website; world cache: ital-15143.pdf plain text: ital-15143.txt item: #215 of 712 id: ital-15161 author: Lane, Julie title: Gathering Strength to Combat Access Inequality date: 2022-06-15 words: 2380 flesch: 54 summary: Although school boards provided tools to meet the “classroom” requirements, they could not ensure that every single student had access to a high-speed internet connection, nor could they offer school library access remotely. Hotspot lending programs through public libraries have gained popularity over the last few years. keywords: able; access; administrators; board; community; county; curriculum; edward; families; inequality; information; internet; learning; libraries; library; pec; person; prince; public; reading; resources; school; staff; strength; students; support; teachers; technology; virtual; way cache: ital-15161.pdf plain text: ital-15161.txt item: #216 of 712 id: ital-15201 author: Dong, Hanwen title: Supporting Faculty’s Instructional Video Creation Needs for Remote Teaching: A Case Study on Implementing eGlass Technology in a Library Multimedia Studio Space date: 2023-06-19 words: 5742 flesch: 46 summary: EGLASS Context In spring 2021, the manager at the Collaboration & Classroom Technology Services (CCTS) department at the University of Idaho informed the author that they were planning on purchasing several eGlass units for the campus to support faculty’s instructional video creation. Several studies show that, among the various types of instructional videos for asynchronous learning, students favor lightboard videos. keywords: additional; author; background; better; black; camera; campus; ccts; class; classes; computer; creation; department; dong; education; eglass; engineering; equipment; example; faculty; fall; figure; frame; idaho; inches; information; instructional; instructional video; instructors; june; learning; lecture; lessons; libraries; library; lightboard; lightboard videos; lights; member; microphone; multimedia; needs; online; outreach; patrons; person; recording; remote; researchers; room; screen; semester; setup; similar; software; space; staff; students; studio; study; support; teaching; technology; time; unit; university; usage; use; users; video; video creation; wall; workshop; writing; year; zoom cache: ital-15201.pdf plain text: ital-15201.txt item: #217 of 712 id: ital-15225 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors (June 2022) date: 2022-06-16 words: 509 flesch: 26 summary: Letter from the Editor (June 2022) LETTER FROM THE EDITORS Kenneth J. Varnum and Marisha C. Kelly INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2022 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v41i2.15225 EDITORIAL BOARD UPDATE I would like to open with a message of gratitude to the Editorial Board members who have helped shape the direction and focus of the journal over the past four years. Even as we say farewell to these Editorial Board members, it is my pleasure to welcome these individuals to the Editorial Board on July 1: Ashlea Green, Mary A. Guillory, Dana Haugh, Shanna Hollich, and Cynthia Schwarz. keywords: articles; board; cultural; digital; editorial; https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13799; journal; june; letter; libraries; members; policy; public; technology cache: ital-15225.pdf plain text: ital-15225.txt item: #218 of 712 id: ital-15383 author: Rybin Koob, Amanda; Ibacache Oliva, Kathia Salomé; Williamson, Michael; Lamont-Manfre, Marisha; Hugen, Addison; Dickerson, Amelia title: Tech Tools in Pandemic-Transformed Information Literacy Instruction date: 2022-12-19 words: 12031 flesch: 44 summary: First, we provide an overview of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and digital accessibility definitions, descriptions of screen reading assistive technology, and the current use of tech tools in information literacy instruction for student engagement. Still, knowing that tech tools may enhance engagement is not enough; we should also be asking whether these tech tools are accessible for all students and, if not, what can be done to make them more accessible. keywords: accessibility; accessible; ada; answers; assessment; assistive; assistive technology; available; buttons; classroom; click; color; confusing; contrast; covid-19; december; developers; devices; dickerson; different; digital; digital accessibility; disabilities; education; elements; engagement; environment; example; figure; focus; graphics; handling; hugen; ibacache; image; inconsistent; information; information literacy; information technology; instruction; issues; jamboard; kahoot; koob; lack; lamont; learning; libraries; libraries december; library; literacy; manfre; map; mentimeter; minor; multiple; nvda; office; options; order; padlet; page; pandemic; pedagogy; people; planning; poll; post; problems; question; quiz; reader; reading; remote; reports; results; rybin; rybin koob; screen; screen reader; severe; shared; shelf; significant; state; students; study; teaching; tech tools; technologies; technology; tested; testers; testing; text; tools; unique; unlabeled; usability; use; users; visual; voiceover; wall; williamson; windows cache: ital-15383.pdf plain text: ital-15383.txt item: #219 of 712 id: ital-15475 author: Markman, Chris; Kimura, Kasper; Wallner, Molly title: The First 500 Mistakes You Will Make While Streaming on Twitch.tv date: 2022-09-19 words: 1472 flesch: 63 summary: Video game streaming is not only fun for both the audience and hosts, but also a great way to connect with “Extremely Online” patrons of all ages. The correct answer also largely depends on if you plan to stick with console game streaming, or PC, or some mixture of both. keywords: alto; change; city; dream; game; information; kasper; kimura; libraries; library; markman; minecraft; mistakes; online; right; server; setup; stream; streaming; studio; time; video; wallner cache: ital-15475.pdf plain text: ital-15475.txt item: #220 of 712 id: ital-15535 author: McClure, Jessica; Hess, Carl; Marsicano, David title: Redesigning Research Guides: Lessons Learned from Usability Testing at the University of Memphis date: 2023-09-18 words: 6843 flesch: 54 summary: In the past, many research guides were lists of key reference sources; catalogs for finding books, theses, and dissertations; and periodical databases for finding journal articles and news articles—without much guidance on how to use them.11 Similarly, the authors of a five-step usability study with research guides discovered that a significant challenge was that the “purpose and nature of Research Guides was not readily evident to users” and the library jargon used was confusing to users as well.12 An example of a more holistic design would be one guiding students through the research process.13 Replacing library vocabulary with more commonly used language is also recommended.14 Bowen et al. stated, “Consequently, the questions of what to put on a guide and how best to arrange that material have driven an entire research agenda for the better part of a decade.” Post-testing redesigned research guides homepage. keywords: academic; access; appendix; articles; attempt; authors; bar; citation; complete; course; design; figure; guides; guides homepage; help; hesitation; hess; historical; homepage; inequality; information; information technology; issues; libguides; librarian; libraries; library; list; marsicano; mcclure; memphis; mla; navigation; need; new; newspapers; online; pages; paper; participant; racial; redesigning; redesigning research; research; research guides; resources; rgrt; scenario; september; soci; student; study; subject; subsection; task; task scenario; technology; testing; topic; undergraduate; university; usability; use; users; videos; website cache: ital-15535.pdf plain text: ital-15535.txt item: #221 of 712 id: ital-15559 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors (September 2022) date: 2022-09-19 words: 559 flesch: 37 summary: THIS ISSUE’S CONTENTS The September “Public Libraries Leading the Way” column, “The First 500 Mistakes You Will Make While Streaming on Twitch.tv” by Chris Markman, Kasper Kimura, and Molly Wallner of the Palo Alto (California) Public Library, is all about lessons learned. Our peer-reviewed content this month showcases topics including public library broadband connectivity, two articles on aspect of chat reference, digitization, library management, and a learning object repository to support a cross-institutional, land-based, multidisciplinary academic initiative. keywords: editor; https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/15475; information; learning; lessons; letter; libraries; library; past; public; reference; september; technology; years cache: ital-15559.pdf plain text: ital-15559.txt item: #222 of 712 id: ital-15599 author: Guo, Jin Xiu; Xu, Gordon title: Decision-Making in the Selection, Procurement, and Implementation of Alma/Primo: The Customer Perspective date: 2023-03-20 words: 10621 flesch: 41 summary: Additional time for data cleaning, workflow design, and training was also needed after the migration to Alma.21 Fu and Fitzgerald studied the effect of LSP staffing models for library systems and technical services by analyzing the software architecture, workflows, and functionality of Voyager and INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2023 DECISION-MAKING IN THE SELECTION, PROCUREMENT, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ALMA/PRIMO 5 GUO AND XU Millennium against those realigned in Alma, WMS (Worldshare Management Systems), and Innovative Sierra. The other position titles of the respondents Other position titles Assessment librarian Head of metadata and cataloging Asset management librarian Head of technical services Assistant director ILS coordinator Associate dean Instructional technology librarian Associate director Lead librarian Associate law librarian Library technician Associate university librarian Library technology manager Cataloging and metadata librarian Manager of archives & access services Cataloging librarian Manager of digital services Collections librarian Manager of technical support Consortial executive director Metadata librarian Deputy director of the library Project director Director of library systems Public services librarian Director of library technology services Reference librarian/webmaster Director of technical services Resource description and access librarian Electronic resources librarian Solutions architect, Alma implementation project manager Head librarian Supervisor for access services Head of acquisitions Technical services and instruction librarian Head of collection management Technical services librarian Head of library systems Technical services section head Head of library technology services Technology manager Table 3. keywords: acquisitions; administrators; alma; analysis; assessment; associate; authors; benefit; better; bibliographic; budget; campus; canada; cataloging; change; cleanup; cloud; collections; communication; consortium; data; dean; decision; different; digital; director; discovery; electronic; evaluation; experience; factors; feedback; figure; findings; focus; functionality; functions; future; generation; guo; head; ils; ilss; implementation; important; information; information technology; integrated; involved; leaders; lessons; librarian; libraries; libraries march; library; library staff; library system; libris; local; lsp; majority; making; management; march; migration; modules; needs; new; new system; number; open; operation; percentage; population; previous; primo; process; processes; procurement; products; project; questions; records; request; research; resources; rfi; rfp; selection; services; small; staff; staffing; states; study; support; survey; system; system migration; system selection; table; technical; technological; technology; time; training; university; user; vendor; workflows cache: ital-15599.pdf plain text: ital-15599.txt item: #223 of 712 id: ital-15603 author: Santosa, Faizhal Arif title: Exploring Final Project Trends Utilizing Nuclear Knowledge Taxonomy: An Approach Using Text Mining date: 2023-03-20 words: 5654 flesch: 39 summary: Document classification is one of the jobs that is quite time consuming so document classification automation by utilizing text mining is very necessary.4 The application and utilization of text mining itself is very broad. This research indicates that the machine-learning algorithm they used can be applied by the library for document classification. keywords: accuracy; automatic; batan; binary; classification; collection; confidence; correlation; cosine; data; development; dice; documents; electromechanics; electronics; endf; field; final; final project; idf; information; information technology; instrumentation; knn; knowledge; knowledge taxonomy; libraries; libraries march; library; march; methods; mgt; mining; model; neighbors; nfcam; nrss; nuclear; nuclear knowledge; number; percent; performance; pint; popular; program; project; project trends; radiation; research; santosa; similarity; students; study; subject; taxonomy; technochemistry; technology; term; text; trends; use; value; vector; words; years cache: ital-15603.pdf plain text: ital-15603.txt item: #224 of 712 id: ital-15701 author: Cahill, Maria; Ingram, Erin; Joo, Soohyung title: Technology Integration in Storytime Programs: Provider Perspectives date: 2023-06-19 words: 7760 flesch: 38 summary: Notably, neither the 2014 nor 2018 ALSC survey included questions about the types of technology used in storytimes, nor were respondents asked to explain their thoughts on why or how technology was or was not included in storytime.13 A study conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand collected data about technology use in storytime in three phases: a survey of 25 children’s librarians, interviews with librarians in nine libraries, and a survey of 28 caregivers who attend a library storytime with a young child.14 Slightly more than a quarter of the librarians responding to the survey reported incorporating digital technology such as tablets or e-books into storytime programs. If a provider is aware of useful technology, familiar and comfortable with its use, knowledgeable of research supporting technology use, has a https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/games/puzzles/ INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES JUNE 2023 TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN STORYTIME PROGRAMS 15 CAHILL, INGRAM, AND JOO professional philosophy that can accommodate technology use, and/or has had a positive experience trying out technology, then these may be factors that lead to the adoption of technology in storytime. keywords: access; adult; association; barriers; books; cahill; caregivers; childhood; children; content; definition; development; dickie; digital; dimension; early; engagement; experience; factors; families; goulding; information; ingram; integration; joo; june; kids; kind; knowledge; koester; learning; libraries; libraries june; library; literacy; little; lot; media; mentorship; mills; new; operational; parents; participants; professional; programs; provider; public; purposes; quote; representative; research; researchers; resources; results; role; screen; services; shuker; songs; storytime; storytime programs; storytime providers; study; support; survey; system; technology; technology integration; technology use; things; training; use; way; young; young children cache: ital-15701.pdf plain text: ital-15701.txt item: #225 of 712 id: ital-15799 author: Park, Haram; Kim, Haklae title: Japanese Military “Comfort Women” Knowledge Graph: Linking Fragmented Digital Records date: 2023-03-20 words: 5786 flesch: 35 summary: The knowledge model proposed herein is the first attempt to describe digital records related INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2023 JAPANESE MILITARY “COMFORT WOMEN” KNOWLEDGE GRAPH 14 PARK AND KIM to Japanese military “comfort women”; thus, it can serve as a starting point for discussing a comprehensive model for describing fragmented digital records worldwide. So far, a standard or a common guideline for describing digital records is not formalized. keywords: archivecomponent; archives; collected; comfort; comfort women; common; constructed; creator; date; different; digital; digital archives; digital records; documents; elements; entities; evaluation; example; fair; figure; gender; graph; information; international; issue; itm; japanese military; journal; kim; knowledge; knowledge graph; korean; libraries; library; license; management; march; materials; maturity; metadata; metadata elements; model; number; organization; o’herne; park; person; principles; properties; proposed; records; related; research; resources; results; schema; search; semantic; sexual; slavery; table; technology; title; total; type; url; values; vocabularies; wikidata; women; yes cache: ital-15799.pdf plain text: ital-15799.txt item: #226 of 712 id: ital-15977 author: Saeidnia, Hamid Reza; Kozak, Marcin; Lund, Brady; Mannuru, Nishith Reddy; Keshavarz, Hamid; Elango, Bakthavachalam; Babajani, Afshin; Ghorbi, Ali title: Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Academic Library Services: A Study in a Developing Country date: 2023-09-18 words: 7032 flesch: 31 summary: Furthermore, the sample size of the statistical population may not be representative of the entire population of university students INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES SEPTEMBER 2023 DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF A MOBILE APPLICATION 12 SAEIDNIA, KOZAK, LUND, MANNURU, KESHAVARZ, ELANGO, RABAJANI, AND GHORBI and their perceptions of library mobile apps. Fourth Phase: Evaluating Usability After the implementation phase, which ended on December 26, 2021, the usability of the information access and library finding app was evaluated using two standard questionnaires: the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS).29 The QUIS, which contains six sections, was used to evaluate user satisfaction with specific aspects of the human-computer interface, while the SUS, which includes 10 questions rated on a five-point Likert scale, was used to obtain an overall impression of users’ subjective evaluations of the app (see appendix C). keywords: academic; academic library; access; app; appendix; application; apps; available; books; data; design; development; dissemination; elango; evaluation; experience; experts; factors; features; figure; finding; ghorbi; heuristic; human; implementation; important; information; information access; information technology; interface; iran; items; journal; keshavarz; kozak; librarian; libraries; libraries september; library; library services; literature; lund; mannuru; mean; mobile; mobile app; mobile application; mobile library; modares; new; news; nielsen; notification; options; overall; phase; prototype; questionnaire; rabajani; reference; requirements; research; resources; results; review; saeidnia; scale; screen; sdi; search; second; selective; september; services; social; software; students; study; sus; system; table; tarbiat; technology; text; university; usability; user; user experience cache: ital-15977.pdf plain text: ital-15977.txt item: #227 of 712 id: ital-16005 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors date: 2022-12-19 words: 457 flesch: 20 summary: With best wishes for 2023, Kenneth J. Varnum, Editor Marisha C. Kelly, Assistant Editor varnum@umich.edu marisha.librarian@gmail.com https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/13783 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/15383 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/15383 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/15097 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/15101 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/14801 https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/call-for-submissions https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeGdx926lHtFsrSdKEXAqzmX1ayFw7g2nY6J1IeGy-qt6lUbQ/viewform?usp=sf_link mailto:varnum@umich.edu mailto:marisha.librarian@gmail.com Articles Communications From the tools we use internally for project management to those we provide to our public service colleagues, it seems no aspect of library technology has been untouched. keywords: accessibility; articles; december; editor; issue; libraries; library; pandemic; public; technology; tools cache: ital-16005.pdf plain text: ital-16005.txt item: #228 of 712 id: ital-16025 author: McIlwain, J. Robertson title: Towards an Open Source-first Praxis in Libraries date: 2023-12-18 words: 10218 flesch: 35 summary: Among those that have adopted open-source systems, the language used to describe the switch is often related more to pragmatism than normative concerns.1 As acceptance of open source as a legitimate technical alternative to proprietary systems has gained traction, some may be interested in reevaluating the heretofore utilitarian drivers of open source adoption and ask how it can bolster the values and ideals of librarianship. Because we share so many of the values of the OSS community, we should feel an obligation to promote open source in the library community.11 At this point it is worth briefly surveying the four major pieces of open-source software used in libraries (see table 2), all of which are library systems. keywords: academic; academic libraries; access; adoption; available; barriers; better; breeding; briefly; business; change; choi; civic; code; commission; common; communities; community; company; context; core; cost; critical; current; data; december; development; discussion; ebsco; equity; european; evergreen; firms; folio; free; freedom; functionality; gnu; gorman; gpl; industrial; information; information technology; intellectual; interest; international; justification; koha; large; librarianship; libraries; libraries december; library; library systems; license; linux; lis; major; market; marshall; mcilwain; microsoft; model; movement; new; opals; open source; patrons; percent; point; power; pragmatic; praxis; privacy; private; profession; project; proprietary; pruett; public; public libraries; quality; related; resources; school; service; small; software adoption; solutions; source library; source project; source software; source systems; source technology; special; special libraries; state; stewardship; strategy; support; systems; table; technical; technologies; technology; terms; time; use; users; values; work cache: ital-16025.pdf plain text: ital-16025.txt item: #229 of 712 id: ital-16209 author: Formanek, Matus title: DSpace 7 Benefits: Is It Worth Upgrading? date: 2023-09-18 words: 12766 flesch: 42 summary: We are aware that our results may not be completely accurate and reliable due to the highly probable outdated data in the repositories, but we consider them in kind as indicators or approximations when describing the state of DSpace systems in the world at the beginning of 2023. As a result, the migration process of collections or partial items between DSpace systems has become faster. keywords: 5.x; 6.x; 7.x; access; administrators; advanced; aip; angular; apache; api; authentication; available; backend; benefits; bug; case; changes; collection; command; community; content; cris; current; data; database; december; default; development; digital; digital libraries; donohue; dspace; dspace 7.x; dspace release; dspace system; dspace version; duraspace; entire; entities; entries; environment; experience; export; external; features; figure; files; following; formanek; frontend; functionalities; handle; important; information; information technology; installation; instance; institutional; integration; interface; item; january; known; latest; level; libraries; libraries september; library; lyrasis; major; metadata; migration; need; new; new dspace; notes; number; objects; older; open; packages; paper; possible; prefix; previous; process; project; registered; registry; related; release; repositories; repository; research; rest; restore; root; scientific; section; security; september; server; services; share; significant; site; software; source; specific; state; step; structure; study; support; switch; system; table; technology; testing; time; type; ubuntu; university; upgrade; upgrading; user; version; web; work; world; zip cache: ital-16209.pdf plain text: ital-16209.txt item: #230 of 712 id: ital-16233 author: Angell, Katelyn title: Privacy Audit of Public Access Computers and Networks at a Public College Library date: 2023-09-18 words: 4311 flesch: 31 summary: 3 Tucker Taylor, “Library Privacy 101,” November 2018, https://www.scla.org/assets/docs/2018_Conference/Library%20Privacy%20101.pptx. The American Library Association’s (ALA) Library Privacy Checklist for Public Access Computers and Networks was selected to review 17 key items related to protecting user privacy and confidentiality. keywords: academic; access; access computers; accomplished; ala; american; angell; assessment; association; audit; best; browser; browsing; campus; checklist; college; computers; confidentiality; data; devices; guidelines; information; items; lehman; level; librarian; libraries; library; library technology; management; needs; networks; online; patron; policies; policy; practices; privacy; privacy audit; project; public; public access; public computers; recommendations; records; related; report; resources; review; san; security; september; services; staff; students; system; technology; time; university; users cache: ital-16233.pdf plain text: ital-16233.txt item: #231 of 712 id: ital-16253 author: Jill Locascio; Dejah Rubel title: A Tale of Two Tools: Comparing LibKey Discovery to Quicklinks in Primo VE date: 2023-06-19 words: 2638 flesch: 55 summary: RESULTS Of the 254 articles searched, 208 (82%) had LibKey Discovery links present while 129 (52%) had Quicklinks present. Of those Open Access articles, 132 (96%) had LibKey Discovery links present, and 118 (86%) had Quicklinks present. keywords: access; analysis; articles; direct; discovery; information; libkey; libraries; library; libris; link; linking; locascio; open; pdf; present; primo; providers; quicklinks; resolver; results; rubel; success; tale; technology; text; time; tools cache: ital-16253.pdf plain text: ital-16253.txt item: #232 of 712 id: ital-16295 author: Brzustowicz, Richard title: From ChatGPT to CatGPT: The Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Library Cataloging date: 2023-09-18 words: 6524 flesch: 51 summary: They may also need to manually review and edit generated records to correct any biases or inaccuracies identified. Through experiments with ChatGPT, the author demonstrates its ability to generate accurate MARC records using RDA and other standards such as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set. keywords: ability; accuracy; accurate; anne; arock; author; biases; bowie; brzustowicz; catalogers; cataloging; chatgpt; cixin; communication; content; core; data; david; description; development; dlc; dublin; edition; eng; fiction; field; human; information; interview; lagrimas; language; ldr; learning; libraries; libraries september; library; liu; machine; marc; materials; metadata; model; mood; music; oclc; original; ownership; pathos; personal; potential; professionals; rda; records; resources; results; rice; rings; russian; september; specific; standards; table; tasks; technology; test; text; tool; training; use; vampire; worldcat cache: ital-16295.pdf plain text: ital-16295.txt item: #233 of 712 id: ital-16315 author: Mason, David; Ji, Alan title: Virtual Production at Cloud901 in the Memphis Central Library date: 2023-03-20 words: 1906 flesch: 46 summary: Nevertheless, we found a way to achieve a form of virtual production in our space now, as the tools have become quite accessible compared to even a few years ago. There are many ways to exemplify this compatibility, but there is something special about virtual production in particular. keywords: actor; background; camera; cloud901; computer; effects; engine; film; information; libraries; library; march; mason; physical; production; programming; project; set; space; technology; unreal; use; virtual; virtual production; visual; youth cache: ital-16315.pdf plain text: ital-16315.txt item: #234 of 712 id: ital-16319 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors: March 2023 date: 2023-03-20 words: 824 flesch: 40 summary: Shaping the direction and strategy for the journal; • Participating in online Editorial Board meetings; • Editorial Board members have a critical role in building the foundation for the journal’s future through setting policy and content guidelines. keywords: articles; board; core; editorial; editors; information; issue; ital; journal; libraries; library; march; members; new; technology; year cache: ital-16319.pdf plain text: ital-16319.txt item: #235 of 712 id: ital-16473 author: Burchfield, Julie; Possinger, Maggie title: Managing Your Library’s LibGuides: Conducting a Usability Study to Determine Student Preference for LibGuide Design date: 2023-12-18 words: 6462 flesch: 55 summary: As a result, library student assistants who were not scheduled to work at the circulation desk were sometimes pulled from their shelf reading duties to participate in the study. In hindsight, the research team realized that a large portion of the 10 fall participants were library student assistants. keywords: advanced; appendix; beast; box; burchfield; citation; class; common; content; course; databases; december; design; engl; fall; figure; help; information; information technology; instruction; landing; layout; libguides; librarian; libraries; libraries december; library; links; list; mixed; navigation; need; page; paper; participants; possinger; prototyping; research; research starter; resources; result; scribbling; semester; specific; spring; starter; students; studies; study; successful; tabs; task; team; technology; template; testing; topic; usability; usability study; use; user; website cache: ital-16473.pdf plain text: ital-16473.txt item: #236 of 712 id: ital-16475 author: Black, Matthew; Ganshorn, Heather; Wheeler, Justine title: Using Qualtrics XM to Create a Point-of-Use Survey to Assess the Usability of a Local Implementation of Primo date: 2023-12-18 words: 2794 flesch: 49 summary: Using Qualtrics XM to Create a Point-of-Use Survey to Assess the Usability of a Local Implementation of Primo COMMUNICATION Using Qualtrics XM to Create a Point-of-Use Survey to Assess the Usability of a Local Implementation of Primo Matthew Black, Heather Ganshorn, and Justine Wheeler INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2023 https://doi.org/10.5860/ital.v42i4.16475 About the Authors Matthew Black (corresponding author: mblack@ucalgary.ca) is the Director, Systems and Discovery, Libraries & Cultural Resources, University of Calgary. Using Qualtrics XM, we first developed a test survey to understand how to set up the survey flow and how to create the pop-up to display to users. keywords: academic; black; calgary; creative; december; dialog; discovery; display; experience; feedback; figure; ganshorn; group; information; intercept; interface; libraries; library; point; pop; primo; qualtrics; questions; resources; search; study; survey; technology; university; usability; use; users; web; wheeler cache: ital-16475.pdf plain text: ital-16475.txt item: #237 of 712 id: ital-16511 author: Guy, Julia; Pival, Paul R.; Lewis, Carla J.; Groome, Kim title: Reference Chatbots in Canadian Academic Libraries date: 2023-12-18 words: 4323 flesch: 33 summary: ABSTRACT Chatbots are “computer agents that can interact with the user” in a way that feels like human-to- human conversation.1 While the use of chatbots for reference service in academic libraries is a topic of interest for both library professionals and researchers, little is known about how they are used in library reference service, especially in academic libraries in Canada. If a chat service was not immediately obvious, the authors looked for a webpage outlining library services or equivalent page. keywords: academic; academic libraries; adoption; approach; article; artificial; authors; calgary; canada; canadian; case; chatbot; conversational; data; december; groome; guy; human; information; institutions; intelligence; internet; irwin; ivy.ai; journal; language; lewis; librarian; libraries; library; literature; live; live chat; natural; nelson; nlp; pival; processing; professional; questions; reference; reference chatbots; reference service; research; review; service; staff; study; support; system; technologies; technology; time; university; use; users; way; website cache: ital-16511.pdf plain text: ital-16511.txt item: #238 of 712 id: ital-16617 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors: June 2023 date: 2023-06-19 words: 692 flesch: 43 summary: Be sure to check the “Yes, I would like to be notified of new publications and announcements” box near the bottom of the sign-up page to receive an email when future issues are published. Editorial Board Membership Update June marks the end of terms for six of our Editorial Board colleagues. keywords: articles; authors; board; editorial; editors; issue; ital; journal; june; letter; libraries; library; new; page; technology; varnum cache: ital-16617.pdf plain text: ital-16617.txt item: #239 of 712 id: ital-16619 author: Mary Carrier title: Community-Driven Programming: Offering Coding and Robotics Classes in Your Library date: 2023-06-19 words: 2408 flesch: 63 summary: Mary will share her expertise in technology programming for children and teens and the importance of planning, preparing, and testing curriculum for coding and robotics classes. It uses Scratch block programming with easy-to-follow lessons to use with a class or for self-paced learning. keywords: available; carrier; children; classes; code; coding; community; computer; design; finch; google; https://scratch.mit.edu/; information; june; learning; libraries; library; mary; offering; programming; programs; project; robots; run; science; scratch; students; technology; teens; test; time; tutorials; use cache: ital-16619.pdf plain text: ital-16619.txt item: #240 of 712 id: ital-16925 author: Fischer, Rachel title: Automating the Diversity Audit Process date: 2023-09-18 words: 1696 flesch: 45 summary: With a growing number of vendors offering diversity audit services that are integrated into their collection development and sales platforms, it is becoming increasingly easier for selectors to identify diverse titles to add to library collections. INTRODUCTION I’ve frequently come across the buzzwords “mirrors and windows” at conference sessions or in articles on collection development and diversity audits. keywords: audit; bibliographic; books; collection; consortium; data; development; diverse; diversity; diversity audit; fischer; information; items; libraries; library; process; public; report; services; titles; tool; way cache: ital-16925.pdf plain text: ital-16925.txt item: #241 of 712 id: ital-16943 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors: September 2023 date: 2023-09-18 words: 528 flesch: 33 summary: Rest assured that the focus of the journal—the intersection of technology and libraries and other cultural memory institutions—will remain at the forefront. “Redesigning Research Guides: Lessons Learned from Usability Testing at the University of Memphis,” by Jessica McClure, Carl Hess, and David Marsicano • “Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Academic Library Services: A Study in a Developing Country,” by Hamid Reza Saeidnia, Marcin Kozak, Brady Lund, Nishith Reddy Mannuru, Hamid Keshavarz, Bakthavachalam Elango, Afshin Babajani, and Ali Ghorbi • keywords: articles; board; editors; issue; journal; letter; libraries; library; new; public; september; services; technology cache: ital-16943.pdf plain text: ital-16943.txt item: #242 of 712 id: ital-16983 author: Amram, Tess; Malamud, Robin Goodfellow; Hollingsworth, Cheryl title: Response to "From ChatGPT to CatGPT" date: 2023-12-18 words: 2145 flesch: 47 summary: Furthermore, it is baffling that Brzustowicz claimed that ChatGPT was able to generate accurate records when even a cursory glance at the author’s own appended data shows multiple mismatches between generated records and existing records. To the editors at Information Technology and Libraries: The Richard Brzustowicz article entitled “From ChatGPT to CatGPT” in your Sept. 2023 issue sparked much discussion in several online cataloging communities, much of it consisting of amazement that such a poorly designed experiment could have made it through the peer review process at ITAL. keywords: accurate; article; author; cataloger; cataloging; chatgpt; data; edition; editors; field; generative; hand; human; incorrect; information; isbn; item; language; letter; libraries; library; original; professional; rda; record; subject; technology; text; work cache: ital-16983.pdf plain text: ital-16983.txt item: #243 of 712 id: ital-16987 author: Hanney, Ross title: Reorienting Collection Analysis: Cost-Effective Item-Level Analysis and Machine Learning in Public Libraries date: 2023-12-18 words: 2400 flesch: 53 summary: PUBLIC LIBRARIES LEADING THE WAY: REORIENTING COLLECTION ANALYSIS 3 HANNEY • item barcode or specific identifier • total number of checkouts throughout the life of the item • initial cost of the item at time of purchase • item’s collection area (Children's Picture Books, Adult Mystery, etc.) • call number of the item • publication statement (MARC 260: Publisher, publication date, region of publication) • subject added entries (MARC 650: Common search terms linking to a controlled vocabulary) • index terms for genre/form (MARC 655: Words or phrases used to aid in the discovery of the item on the library's online public access catalog) PUBLIC LIBRARIES LEADING THE WAY: REORIENTING COLLECTION ANALYSIS 4 HANNEY PART III: THE SCRIPTS Working with such large datasets by hand would have been nearly impossible due to the time it would have taken and would have likely resulted in the presence of human errors. keywords: analysis; collection; community; cost; data; december; effective; fiction; hanney; ils; information; item; lakeville; libraries; library; marc; money; month; network; neural; number; patrons; public; public libraries; publication; scripts; technology; time; use; value; way cache: ital-16987.pdf plain text: ital-16987.txt item: #244 of 712 id: ital-16988 author: Guillory, Mary title: Drained-pool Politics Versus Digital Libraries in U.S. Cyberspace date: 2023-12-18 words: 1124 flesch: 12 summary: Though the capability to ban one book exists as it does in the physical world, access to digital libraries has become all-or-nothing in many instances around the nation. Book banning—a naturally polarizing issue—has not yet found balance when it comes to books, magazines, audiobooks, movies, and music within digital libraries. keywords: access; age; author; bans; board; book; county; digital; editorial; guillory; http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/91903-judge-finds-texas-library-s-book-bans-unconstitutional-orders-books-returned.html; law; libraries; library; new; program; public; school; state; texas; world cache: ital-16988.pdf plain text: ital-16988.txt item: #245 of 712 id: ital-16991 author: DeZelar-Tiedman, Christine title: Response to "From ChatGPT to CatGPT" date: 2023-12-18 words: 1172 flesch: 34 summary: The potential promises and pitfalls of ChatGPT and other AI technologies is something that catalogers should be paying attention to, and I thank Mr. Brzustowicz for sparking conversation. As Brzustowicz indicates, catalogers interested in using ChatGPT to assist in cataloging work should do so with a critical eye. keywords: brzustowicz; catalogers; cataloging; chatgpt; coding; copy; editors; efficient; fields; information; letter; libraries; library; oclc; record; subject; time cache: ital-16991.pdf plain text: ital-16991.txt item: #246 of 712 id: ital-16995 author: Floyd, David title: Response to "From ChatGPT to CatGPT" date: 2023-12-18 words: 1506 flesch: 46 summary: Modifications to records are marked by institution codes added to the 040 field, and the WorldCat record selected shows 5 from OCLC: “$d OCLCO $d OCLCF $d OCLCQ $d OCLCO $d OCLCA” (9). Further, none of these listed fall into the area of cataloger’s judgment. “As ChatGPT follows established cataloging rules, records created by the model are less likely to contain errors or inconsistencies;” (5) The errors present in ChatGPT’s generated records directly contradict this claim. keywords: anne; article; author; cataloging; chatgpt; copyright; edition; errors; field; information; interview; letter; libraries; oclc; prompt; rda; record; rice; table; technology; title; vampire; worldcat cache: ital-16995.pdf plain text: ital-16995.txt item: #247 of 712 id: ital-17014 author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C. title: Letter from the Editors: December 2023 date: 2023-12-18 words: 521 flesch: 25 summary: “Reference Chatbots in Canadian Academic Libraries,” by Julia Guy, Paul R. Pival, Carla J. Lewis, and Kim Groome Help Keep ITAL Going If you are interested in contributing to Information Technology and Libraries, there are several ways for you to do so. In our occasional Editorial Board Thoughts series, Editorial Board member Mary Guillory contributes “Drained-pool Politics Versus Digital Libraries in U.S. Cyberspace,” a discussion of book banning in digital environments. keywords: articles; board; editorial; editors; https://ital.corejournals.org/index.php/ital/article/view/16987; interested; issue; ital; libraries; library; technology; work cache: ital-17014.pdf plain text: ital-17014.txt item: #248 of 712 id: ital-1764 author: Morton-Owens, Emily G. title: Editorial and Technological Workflow Tools to Promote Website Quality date: 2011-09-02 words: 5241 flesch: 57 summary: Ideally, every librarian job description would include working with users and would mention writing website content as an important forum for that. These problems added up to frustration for would-be content authors, a time drain for systems staff, and less time to create new content and sites. keywords: academic; administrators; approval; author; book; choice; clear; content; correctness; credibility; draft; drupal; editing; editorial; errors; example; figure; important; information; librarian; libraries; library; live; mail; marketing; material; members; morton; needs; new; number; nyuhsl; owens; page; paper; people; person; post; presentation; problems; process; publishing; quality; responsible; role; services; staff; state; system; team; tools; users; way; website; workflow; writing; ■ ■ cache: ital-1764.pdf plain text: ital-1764.txt item: #249 of 712 id: ital-1765 author: Cuddy, Colleen title: President's Message: Reflections on Membership date: 2011-09-02 words: 1290 flesch: 59 summary: LITA members have real jobs and friends, family, and other social responsibilities that keep us busy. The current price of LITA membership is sixty dollars per year, which is about sixteen cents per day. keywords: ala; busy; career; committees; cost; experience; leadership; libraries; library; lita; meetings; members; membership; new; person; president; technology; year cache: ital-1765.pdf plain text: ital-1765.txt item: #250 of 712 id: ital-1766 author: Truitt, Marc title: Editorial: Koyaanisqatsi date: 2011-09-02 words: 2218 flesch: 66 summary: But I firmly believe that library technology is not an end in itself. Those seeking to reimagine library spaces as refuges could hardly do better than to look to Jasper Fforde’s magical BookWorld in the Thursday Next series for inspira- tion.3 Stuffy academics and special libraries take note: Library magic is not something restricted to children’s rooms in public libraries. keywords: balance; century; change; collections; editorial; end; experience; half; images; information; koyaanisqatsi; libraries; library; life; lita; living; marc; member; movement; new; reaction; rest; services; social; spaces; state; technological; technology; time; truitt; years cache: ital-1766.pdf plain text: ital-1766.txt item: #251 of 712 id: ital-1767 author: Witt, Michael title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Eating Our Own Dogfood date: 2011-09-02 words: 931 flesch: 63 summary: Whether we are evaluating new integrated library systems or choosing the default text editor for our workstations, we are presented with opportunities to learn more about how our libraries accomplish work “on the ground” and reconsider the role that technology can play in helping them. Those of us working in information technology have a tremendous impact on library staff productivity by vir- tue of the systems we select or develop and implement. keywords: best; information; library; machines; mouse; new; people; software; staff; systems; technology; users; work cache: ital-1767.pdf plain text: ital-1767.txt item: #252 of 712 id: ital-1768 author: Kim, Yongi-Mi title: Factors Affecting University Library Website Design date: 2011-09-02 words: 5534 flesch: 41 summary: Our library is overall successful 1, 2 Website success measures from website users It lets me finish my project more quickly It helps improve my productivity It helps enhance the quality of my project The extent to which users integrate website library resources into users’ tasks* Frequency of users’ visits to university library website** 3, 41, 43 all items are measured with a likert scale: 1 not really; 2: somewhat; and 3: greatly. While website designers assess their websites as highly successful, user evaluations are somewhat lower. keywords: academic; coercive; commercial; creation; designers; experts; extent; factors; figure; findings; forces; importance; influence; information; input; institutional; isomorphism; journal; kim; knowledge; libraries; library; library website; literature; mimetic; needs; organizations; percent; practices; quarterly; research; resources; respondents; science; secondary; services; studies; study; success; successful; supervisors; support; systems; technical; technology; testing; training; ulwr; university; university library; usability; users; utilization; web designers; website; website design cache: ital-1768.pdf plain text: ital-1768.txt item: #253 of 712 id: ital-1769 author: Foasberg, Nancy M. title: Adoption of E-Book Readers Among College Students: A Survey date: 2011-09-02 words: 9894 flesch: 61 summary: In particular, the 63 respondents who use e-book readers may not be rep- resentative of student e-reader owners in general. According to the 2010 Pew Internet and American Life survey, 5 percent of Americans own e-book readers. keywords: academic; adopters; adoption; agree; amazon; attitudes; available; barnes; book; book readers; campus; collections; college; college students; compatible; convenience; cost; data; dec; devices; doi; early; electronic; features; foasberg; formats; future; general; group; important; information; interest; ipad; kindle; large; lending; libraries; library; likely; market; materials; new; noble; owners; percent; popular; portability; price; print; public; publishers; queens; questions; readers; reading; report; research; respondents; responses; results; september; significant; small; store; students; studies; study; survey; table; technology; text; time; types; university; use; users; valuable; work cache: ital-1769.pdf plain text: ital-1769.txt item: #254 of 712 id: ital-1770 author: Riley-Huff, Debra A.; Rholes, Julia M. title: Librarians and Technology Skill Acquisition: Issues and Perspectives date: 2011-09-02 words: 8568 flesch: 45 summary: Course Type as Categorized by the Course Content Description in the LIS Program Catalog # of Courses Offered % of Programs Offering at least 1 Course Database design, development and maintenance 47 (7) 70 Web Architecture (Web design, development, usability) 52 (11) 68 Broad technology survey courses (basics of library technologies and overviews) Dillon and Norris rallied against the library vs. information science argu- ment as a premise, which has no bearing on the reality of what is happening in LIS and does nothing but create yet another distracting disagreement over labels.10 Others argued for the increasing inclusion of technology courses in LIS education, as Estabrook put it, Librarianship without a strong linkage to technology (and it’s capacity to extend our work) will become a mastodon. keywords: academic; acquisition; administrative; administrators; ala; area; availability; candidates; content; core; courses; current; data; development; difficulty; digital; education; experience; factors; field; focus; hiring; huff; important; inclusion; information; issues; job; jobs; journal; level; librarians; librarianship; library; lis; lis education; literature; metadata; mls; need; new; number; offer; percent; perspectives; positions; prepared; professional; programs; qualifications; qualified; question; readiness; related; report; research; respondents; responses; riley; roles; science; searches; services; significant; skill; studies; study; survey; systems; table; technology; technology roles; total; traditional; training; transformation; web; work; years cache: ital-1770.pdf plain text: ital-1770.txt item: #255 of 712 id: ital-1771 author: Farney, Tabatha A. title: Click Analytics: Visualizing Website Use Data date: 2011-09-02 words: 5164 flesch: 55 summary: Avinash Kaushik, Web Analytics 2.0: The Art of Online Accountability and Science of Customer Centricity (Indianapolis: Wiley, 2010): 81–83. Ardent and Wagner, “Beyond Description,” 51–52; Andrea Wiggins, “Data-Driven Design: Using Web Analytics to Validate Heuristics,” Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 33, no. 5 (2007): 20–21; Elizabeth L. Black, “Web Analytics: keywords: ability; analytics; click; click analytics; clickheat; confetti; content; crazy; crazy egg; current; data; egg; farney; figure; google; homepage; information; librarian; libraries; library; links; map; new; number; outbound; overlay; page; page analytics; piwik; report; segment; services; snapshot; statistics; technology; time; tool; usage; use; useful; users; view; visitors; web; web analytics; webpage; website cache: ital-1771.pdf plain text: ital-1771.txt item: #256 of 712 id: ital-1830 author: Ghaphery, Jimmy; White, Erin title: Library Use of Web-based Research Guides date: 2008-03-01 words: 3891 flesch: 51 summary: SELECTED LITERATURE REVIEW While there has been significant research on library research guides, there has not been a recent survey either of the overall landscape or of librarian attitudes and practices. Hopefully these questions serve as a call for continued technical engagement with library research guides. keywords: arl; authors; best; campusguides; content; course; discovery; ghaphery; guides; information; involvement; libguides; libraries; library; literature; management; march; number; ongoing; pages; platform; policies; public; research; research guides; respondents; responses; review; services; site; subject; survey; system; technology; tool; university; use; web; white cache: ital-1830.pdf plain text: ital-1830.txt item: #257 of 712 id: ital-1844 author: Sosa-Sosa, Victor Jesus; Hernandez-Ramirez, Emigdio M. title: A File Storage Service on a Cloud Computing Environment for Digital Libraries date: 2012-12-12 words: 4963 flesch: 47 summary: Currently, it is possible to find several examples of public cloud storage, such as Amazon S3 (http://aws.amazon.com/en/s3), RackSpace (http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/public/files), and Google Storage (https://developers.google.com/storage), each of which provide high availability, fault tolerance, and services and administration at low cost. Data availability relates to the replication technique the Amazon infrastructure uses.10 There also are solutions that take advantage of public cloud storage using replication techniques based on RAID, for example Redundant Array of Cloud Storage (RACS), a proxy located between multiple cloud storage providers and customers.11 RACS distributes data in a way that provides an opportunity for clients to tolerate interruptions in a public cloud storage service or when the price for using such services gets too high. keywords: access; acm; architecture; availability; cloud; cloud storage; computing; consumption; dam; data; different; digital; disk; dropbox; elastic; environment; evaluation; fault; figure; file; high; hybrid; hybrid cloud; ida; information; infrastructure; libraries; load; machine; new; performance; physical; private; private cloud; public; public cloud; replication; requests; resources; response; servers; service; sosa; storage; storage service; system; techniques; technology; time; tolerance; use; version; virtual; vms; web cache: ital-1844.pdf plain text: ital-1844.txt item: #258 of 712 id: ital-1848 author: Dodsworth, Eva; Nicholson, Andrew title: Academic Uses of Google Earth and Google Maps in a Library Setting date: 2012-06-12 words: 5795 flesch: 51 summary: Although many libraries are now using Google Maps and Google Earth technology, the authors were surprised that many were not actively leveraging this expertise across their campuses. 2 Michaela Brenner and Peter Klein, “Discovering the Library with Google Earth” Information Technology and Libraries 27 (2008): 32-6. 3 Michael Vandenburg, “Using Google Maps as an interface for the Library Catalogue” Library Hi- Tech 26 (2008): 33-40. keywords: academic; access; air; api; authors; available; collections; data; digitized; dodsworth; earth; files; finding; geographic; gis; google; google earth; google mapping; google maps; historical; indexes; information; instruction; june; kml; librarian; libraries; library; mapping; maps; marketing; nicholson; online; percent; photo; products; projects; promotion; purposes; questions; related; research; respondents; responses; september; services; setting; spatial; staff; survey; technology; university; use; users; websites; work; year; yes cache: ital-1848.pdf plain text: ital-1848.txt item: #259 of 712 id: ital-1855 author: Fagan, Jody Condit; Mandernach, Meris A.; Nelson, Carl S.; Paulo, Jonathan R.; Saunders, Grover title: Usability Test Results for a Discovery Tool in an Academic Library date: 2008-03-01 words: 13224 flesch: 53 summary: Breeding noted “it will only be through the experience of library users that these products will either prove themselves or not.”20 Libraries have been adapting techniques from the field of usability testing for over a decade to learn more about user behavior, usability, and user satisfaction, with library web sites and systems. What role do institutional repositories play in the suite of library tools, and how does the discovery tool connect to them (or include them?) keywords: able; academic; academic library; articles; average; behavior; best; books; catalog; comments; common; complete; content; correct; database; discovery; discovery tool; drop; ebsco; ebsco discovery; eds; experience; faculty; fagan; features; figure; finding; foster; generation; help; homepage; information; interface; issues; item; jan; jmu; journal; librarian; libraries; library; library catalog; limit; limiters; link; literature; local; major; march; menu; need; online; option; participants; peer; percent; post; pre; promise; questions; quick; quick search; recent; related; relevance; research; resources; results; satisfaction; satisfied; search; search results; search tool; searches; searching; serials; service; set; software; source; specific; state; statistics; students; studies; study; subject; subtasks; success; successful; sure; sus; system; task; technology; test; test results; testing; time; title; tool; topic; traffic; types; university; usability; usability study; usability test; usage; users; video; way; web; website; widget; williams; worldcat; year cache: ital-1855.pdf plain text: ital-1855.txt item: #260 of 712 id: ital-1857 author: Farnel, Sharon title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Tools of the Trade date: 2008-03-01 words: 983 flesch: 69 summary: A colleague is going to organize monthly brown-bag talks at which team members can demonstrate tools that they’ve been working with and that they think have potential uses in our work. And all of the team members had, in recent days, seen various e-mail messages about new tools and applications that might be useful in our environment. keywords: board; editorial; like; line; meeting; new; team; test; thoughts; tools cache: ital-1857.pdf plain text: ital-1857.txt item: #261 of 712 id: ital-1859 author: McDermott, Abigail J. title: Copyright: Regulation Out of Line with our Digital Reality? date: 2008-03-01 words: 6541 flesch: 44 summary: Fair use, a statutory exception to U.S. copyright law, is a complex subject, but a brief examination of the principle gets to the heart of copyright law itself. The fact that University of Michigan Associate University Librarian John Price Wilkin was forced to assure the public that “no copyrighted books were made accessible to any students” illustrates the absurdity in arguing over whether it’s right to digitize books that are no longer even accessible in their printed form.20 LIBRARIES, DIGITIZATION, AND COPYRIGHT LAW: THE QUIET CRISIS While one can debate if U.S. copyright law is still oriented toward the public good, the more relevant question in this context is the effect copyright law has on the library profession. keywords: access; act; addition; association; authors; bailey; books; case; collections; commons; community; congress; copyright; copyright law; creative; culture; current; december; digital; digitization; dmca; domain; drm; extension; fact; fair; fair use; free; google; holders; ibid; information; infringement; intellectual; issues; law; librarians; library; library community; licenses; line; march; mcdermott; nature; new; october; office; orphan; past; patrons; permission; print; problem; profession; project; property; public; publishers; reality; regulation; research; rights; service; settlement; state; strong; students; technology; term; u.s; ucla; united; university; use; video; view; washington; works; world; years cache: ital-1859.pdf plain text: ital-1859.txt item: #262 of 712 id: ital-1861 author: Neugebauer, Tomasz; Han, Bin title: Batch Ingesting into EPrints Digital Repository Software date: 2008-03-01 words: 3212 flesch: 44 summary: Mapping Table from MARC to EPrints Helge Knüttel’s refinements to the MARC plugin shared on the EPrints Tech List were employed in the implementation of a new subclass of MARC import for the Concordia Theses MARC records. The MARC plugin requires the encoding of the source MARC files to be UTF-8, whereas the records are exported from the ILS with MARC-8 encoding. keywords: archive; batch; batchimporter; bin; command; concordia; corresponding; digital; documents; eprints; field; file; following; han; import; importing; inbox; information; ingesting; june; libraries; live; marc; metadata; neugebauer; pdf; perl; plugin; pq_id; proquest; records; repository; script; software; source; system; technology; text; theses; university; user cache: ital-1861.pdf plain text: ital-1861.txt item: #263 of 712 id: ital-1863 author: Cuddy, Colleen title: President's Message: Data Discovery date: 2011-12-01 words: 1518 flesch: 60 summary: In fields such as public health and urban planning, government data alongside research data is used to predict trends, forecast, make decisions, etc. As librarians move from collecting and catalog- ing bibliographic information new roles have emerged in data discovery, in its preservation, and in helping to make data more accessible. keywords: actual; average; century; collaboration; computer; copies; data; discovery; distribution; forum; government; information; knowledge; librarians; library; lita; national; nature; needs; new; research; science; technology; theme; total; vivo cache: ital-1863.pdf plain text: ital-1863.txt item: #264 of 712 id: ital-1864 author: Truitt, Marc title: Outgoing Editor's Column: Parting Thoughts date: 2011-12-01 words: 2215 flesch: 65 summary: In the book, Twain gleefully skewers Marc Truitt Marc truitt (marc.truitt@ualberta.ca) is Associate university Librarian, Bibliographic and Information Technology services, university of Alberta Libraries, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and Editor of ITAL. ■■ Innocents Abroad Probably few ITAL readers will be aware (I certainly wasn’t!) keywords: authors; board; change; column; dan; decisions; editor; editorial; information; innocents; ital; job; journal; judith; libraries; lita; marc; members; past; patrons; production; role; services; technology; time; truitt; twain; user; years cache: ital-1864.pdf plain text: ital-1864.txt item: #265 of 712 id: ital-1865 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Incoming Editor's Column: Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes (turn and face the strain) date: 2011-12-01 words: 827 flesch: 52 summary: It’s down to the last game of the season, and like many Red Sox fans, I’m hopeful but not optimistic. [Red Sox fans are prone to hyperbole, but in this case no hyperbole is needed: this meltdown really is epic.] keywords: changes; column; content; editor; gerrity; incoming; ital; journal; library; march; publication; red; september; sox cache: ital-1865.pdf plain text: ital-1865.txt item: #266 of 712 id: ital-1866 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Sharing Responsibility in the Digital Age date: 2011-12-01 words: 869 flesch: 54 summary: In the end, it is really important for all areas to be responsible for trying out new systems, even if those responsible are doing more outreach than simple general calls for participation. In some ways, those deploying new systems have the greater onus in this relationship in that they are driving many of the effort; this is especially critical for changes that have broad impact. keywords: change; concerns; feedback; interface; library; months; new; organizations; people; process; system; training; years cache: ital-1866.pdf plain text: ital-1866.txt item: #267 of 712 id: ital-1867 author: Powell, James E.; Alcazar, Daniel A.; Hopkins, Matthew; McMahon, Tamara M.; Wu, Amber; Collins, Linn; Olendorf, Robert title: Graphs in Libraries: A Primer date: 2011-12-01 words: 8584 flesch: 53 summary: They also might be useful across disciplines and would enable machine inferencing across data that include geographic relationships. still other Kinds of Graphs What might a digital library tool based on graph theory look like? Many researchers have explored citation graphs, though the person often credited with first noting the network characteristics of citation patterns was Dereck J. de Solla Price in 1965.25 More recently, Mark Newman introduced the concept of what he calls “first mover advantage” to describe the preferential attachment observed in citation networks.26 search each individually. keywords: analysis; applications; approach; areas; articles; aspects; author; case; centrality; citation; clustering; clusters; coauthorship; collaboration; complex; complexity; connected; connections; content; data; december; degree; digital; edges; example; feb; field; figure; free; geographic; global; google; graph theory; graphs; high; hubs; idea; importance; influence; information; internet; knowledge; large; libraries; library; links; measures; metadata; motifs; national; networks; new; nodes; number; pages; papers; paths; people; person; powell; primer; processes; random; relationships; relevant; representations; research; researchers; resource; results; scale; science; scientific; scientists; searches; semantic; set; similar; simple; single; small; social; subject; systems; techniques; technology; text; theory; time; tools; topic; type; useful; user; way; web; world cache: ital-1867.pdf plain text: ital-1867.txt item: #268 of 712 id: ital-1868 author: Murray, Ronald J.; Tillett, Barbara B. title: Cataloging Theory in Search of Graph Theory and Other Ivory Towers date: 2011-12-01 words: 9322 flesch: 32 summary: exemplars on Hand and others to come Cultural heritage resource description exemplars have been created over time as solutions to problems of resource description and later made available for use, study, mastery, and improvement. Murray’s analyses of cultural heritage resource descriptions may be explored in a series of slideshows at http://www.slideshare.net/RonMurray/. 17. keywords: analysis; archival; available; bibliographic; bohr; case; catalogers; cataloging; century; chicago; communication; complementarity; complex; concepts; connected; copies; creation; cultural; cultural heritage; darnton; data; december; description; description theory; design; development; diagram; diagrammatic; dick; digital; elements; exemplars; field; figure; frbr; general; graph; graph theory; groups; heritage; heritage resource; history; ideas; identifying; implementation; individual; information; institutions; interest; item; ivory; key; large; level; libraries; library; mash; mathematical; moby; modeling; multimedia; multiple; murray; network; new; novel; object; orson; paper; paper tool; parties; perspective; physical; physics; poetry; preservation; printings; problem; process; properties; publication; records; relationships; requirements; resource; resource description; ronald; rules; scholars; science; scientific; search; set; sets; software; solution; squares; structures; support; system; technology; terms; theoretical; theory; things; tillett; tool; towers; universe; use; view; web; work; world; ■ ■ cache: ital-1868.pdf plain text: ital-1868.txt item: #269 of 712 id: ital-1869 author: Black, Elizabeth L. title: Selecting a Web Content Management System for an Academic Library Website date: 2011-12-01 words: 3808 flesch: 56 summary: In 2009 John Harney noted, “There are few technologies as prolific as web content management systems. Web content management is the discipline of collect- ing, organizing, categorizing, and structuring information that is to be delivered on a website. keywords: ability; academic; article; black; case; city; cms; cmss; content; content management; content providers; criteria; different; easy; files; focus; html; information; libraries; library; management; management system; new; open; osu; page; presentation; process; project; providers; questions; requirements; selection; set; silverstripe; source; state; support; system; team; technical; technology; trial; use; web; web content; website; work; ■ ■; ■ ❏ cache: ital-1869.pdf plain text: ital-1869.txt item: #270 of 712 id: ital-1870 author: Hubble, Ann; Murphy, Deborah A.; Perry, Susan Chesley title: From Static and Stale to Dynamic and Collaborative: The Drupal Difference date: 2011-12-01 words: 4205 flesch: 59 summary: Finally, we provide a list of resources and modules for beginning and inter- mediate Drupal users. The process we follow from our sandbox site to our production site is described in more detail in appendix A. Transition Team Training We had three types of Drupal users within the library: system admin- istrators, developers, and staff (the primary content editors); each group had its own training needs. keywords: appendix; article; cck; cms; content; core; databases; design; developers; display; drupal; dynamic; environment; fields; figure; group; guides; hubble; information; learning; librarian; libraries; library; list; management; march; modules; murphy; new; online; pages; perry; process; project; record; research; resources; staff; static; subject; system; taxonomy; team; time; tools; training; transition; type; user; views; website; work; ■ ■ cache: ital-1870.pdf plain text: ital-1870.txt item: #271 of 712 id: ital-1871 author: Han, Yan title: Cloud Computing: Case Studies and Total Cost of Ownership date: 2011-12-01 words: 6552 flesch: 60 summary: The purposes of this article are to ■■ define cloud computing and levels of services; ■■ introduce and compare major cloud computing providers; ■■ provide case studies of running two web applications (DSpace and a home grown Java application) utilizing cloud computing with justification; ■■ provide a comparison of TCO of running web applications compar- ing a cloud computing provider with a local managed server; ■■ provide a comparison of TCO of 10TB storage space comparing a cloud computing provider with local managed storage; and ■■ briefly discuss technology advan- tages of cloud computing. Giving the above different nature of IT operations and services, cloud computing may be suitable for some IT operations but not for others. keywords: advantages; amazon; ami; analysis; appengine; applications; apr; author; aws; case; cloud; cloud computing; comparison; computing; cost; customers; data; different; digital; dspace; ec2; environment; example; failure; google; han; hardware; hours; iaas; information; infrastructure; instance; java; libraries; library; linode; local; management; microsoft; model; multiple; need; network; new; open; ownership; paas; percent; physical; private; providers; resources; running; saas; security; server; services; significant; small; software; storage; studies; support; system; tco; technology; time; total; typical; users; web; windows; year; ■ ■ cache: ital-1871.pdf plain text: ital-1871.txt item: #272 of 712 id: ital-1880 author: Pittsley, Kate A; Memmott, Sara title: Improving Independent Student Navigation of Complex Educational Web Sites: An Analysis of Two Navigation Design Changes in LibGuides date: 2012-09-10 words: 5222 flesch: 54 summary: RESEARCH QUESTION AND METHOD Could design changes improve independent student use of LibGuides tab navigation? Wroblewski describes how tab navigation was first popularized by Amazon.21 Burrell and Sodan investigated user preferences for six navigation styles and found that users clearly preferred tab navigation “because it is most easily understood and learned. keywords: active; box; business; changes; color; comparison; complex; content; course; design; educational; elements; experimental; fall; figure; file; group; guides; hits; increase; independent; information; libguides; libraries; library; links; median; memmott; menu; michigan; multiple; navigation; nielsen; pages; patterns; percentage; pittsley; platform; professor; ptember; research; resources; secondary; secondary pages; semester; similar; student; studies; study; table; tabs; technology; university; usability; usage; use; users; washington; web; websites; winter cache: ital-1880.pdf plain text: ital-1880.txt item: #273 of 712 id: ital-1913 author: Pendell, Kimberly D.; Bowman, Michael S. title: Usability Study of a Library's Mobile Website: An Example from Portland State University date: 2012-06-12 words: 6716 flesch: 46 summary: The 2010 survey also showed that an additional 11.3 percent of students intended to purchase an Internet-capable handheld device within the next year.2 In this environment academic libraries have been scrambling to address the proliferation of student owned mobile devices, thus the number of mobile library websites is growing. General recommendations for mobile library websites that emerged from our usability test include: · users appreciate simple, streamlined navigation and clearly worded labels; · error message pages and other supplemental pages linked from the mobile website pages should be identified and mobile-friendly versions created; · recognize that how users connect to the mobile website is related to their experience using the site; · anticipate problems with third-party services (which often cannot be solved locally). keywords: academic; access; applications; articles; authentication; blackberry; bowman; campus; catalog; chat; complete; computer; data; desktop; devices; different; document; ebscohost; environment; error; example; experience; field; friendly; impact; information; interface; internet; june; laboratory; libraries; library; library mobile; menu; message; methods; mobile; mobile website; network; new; non; number; order; page; participants; pendell; percent; phone; post; reference; results; satisfaction; screen; search; service; session; smartphone; students; study; survey; task; team; technology; test; testing; type; university; usability; usability testing; user; variety; version; video; website; weekly; wireless cache: ital-1913.pdf plain text: ital-1913.txt item: #274 of 712 id: ital-1914 author: Wang, Yongming; Dawes, Trevor A title: The Next Generation Integrated Library System: A Promise Fulfilled? date: 2012-09-10 words: 4243 flesch: 46 summary: This article examines the state of library systems today and describes the features needed in a next-generation library system. • Greater interoperability of systems, pertaining to the systems within the library (including components from vendors, open source communities, and homegrown systems) and beyond (enterprise-level systems such as courseware and university portals, and shared library systems such as OCLC). keywords: ability; academic; alma; applications; architecture; automation; breeding; business; collections; current; dawes; development; digital; discovery; electronic; erm; functionality; generation; generation library; ils; ilss; information; integrated; interfaces; kuali; libraries; library; library automation; libris; management; new; ole; open; pace; princeton; print; promise; resources; search; services; soa; software; staff; systems; technology; university; users; web; workflow cache: ital-1914.pdf plain text: ital-1914.txt item: #275 of 712 id: ital-1916 author: Vaughan, Jason title: Investigations into Library Web-Scale Discovery Services date: 2008-03-01 words: 19878 flesch: 51 summary: The report also describes some usability testing involving WCL and integration with other local library services. Given that web-scale discovery is new for the library environment, the author was unable to find any substantive published work detailing identification, research, evaluation, and recommendation related to library web-scale discovery services. keywords: ability; academic; access; activity; additional; aggregator; agreements; analysis; appendix; areas; article; author; available; best; book; box; capabilities; catalog; central; citation; collections; comments; content; coverage; critical; customers; customization; databases; date; detailed; different; digital; discovery; discovery platform; discovery services; discovery task; early; ebsco; ebsco discovery; electronic; encore; evaluation; example; existing; features; federated; feedback; final; focused; following; force; functionality; general; generation; google; implementations; important; index; indexed; information; initial; innovative; interface; internal; investigations; items; journal; level; libraries; library; library staff; library web; libris; licensed; like; list; live; local; local library; majority; march; materials; metadata; multiple; new; oclc; offer; opac; open; options; overall; page; particular; perspective; platform; primo; product; provide; public; publisher; questions; rank; recommendation; records; references; release; relevancy; report; research; resources; respondents; results; retrieve; scale discovery; search; searches; searching; second; section; serials; services; set; solutions; staff; statistics; steps; summon; survey; synergy; system; task; task force; technical; technology; terms; text; things; time; title; type; understanding; university; unlv; user; vaughan; vendor; visits; web; website; wiki; work; worldcat; worldcat local; worst cache: ital-1916.pdf plain text: ital-1916.txt item: #276 of 712 id: ital-1917 author: Gartner, Richard title: METS as an 'Intermediary' Schema for a Digital Library of Complex Scientific Multimedia date: 2012-09-10 words: 4338 flesch: 33 summary: METS as an Intermediary Schema An alternative approach adopted here uses the technique of employing METS files as intermediary schemas to act as templates from which METS-encoded packages for delivery can be generated. Although the material being made available here is highly specialised, and the user base is restricted to a specialist cohort of biologists, the challenges of this library are similar to those of any collection of digital objects: in particular, the metadata strategy employed must be able to handle the delivery of complex, multifile objects as efficiently as, for example, a library of digitized books has to manage the multiplicity of image files that make up a single digital volume. keywords: apotone; approach; august; behavior; complex; components; content; delivery; digital; digital library; div; element; encoding; example; experiment; fcm; fedora; figure; file; final; gartner; id=; images; information; intermediary; libraries; library; map; metadata; mets; mets file; model; mptr; multimedia; objects; parallel; processing; sample; schema; scientific; section; sequence; standard; structural; template; xslt cache: ital-1917.pdf plain text: ital-1917.txt item: #277 of 712 id: ital-1918 author: Lynch, Clifford title: Guest Editorial date: 2008-03-01 words: 341 flesch: 32 summary: So, as a long-time LITA member, I find it a great pleasure to see LITA finally reach this milestone with Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL) moving to fully open-access electronic distribution, and I congratulate the LITA leadership for the persistence and courage to make this happen. It’s a decision that will, I believe, make the journal much more visible, and a more attractive venue for authors; it will also make it easier to use in educational settings, and to further the interactions between librarians, information scientists, computer scientists, and members of other disciplines. keywords: access; information; ital; libraries; lita; member; open; technology cache: ital-1918.pdf plain text: ital-1918.txt item: #278 of 712 id: ital-1919 author: Morton-Owens, Emily G; Hanson, Karen L title: Trends at a Glance: A Management Dashboard of Library Statistics date: 2012-09-10 words: 5600 flesch: 59 summary: It also inserts a record into the user transactions table, which will be discussed in the section on user data. An example of a strategic decision based on dashboard data involves NYUHSL’s mobile website. keywords: access; analysis; analytics; available; bar; chart; code; dashboard; data; data warehouse; database; day; department; design; display; example; ezproxy; figure; glance; google; hanson; individual; information; javascript; librarian; libraries; library; line; log; management; medical; mobile; month; morton; mysql; new; number; nyuhsl; owens; page; period; php; requests; resources; results; script; september; services; significant; simple; single; specific; statistics; system; table; technology; time; trends; type; user; uses; visits; visual; warehouse; web; website; week; widget cache: ital-1919.pdf plain text: ital-1919.txt item: #279 of 712 id: ital-1926 author: Schlosser, Melanie; Stamper, Brian title: Learning to Share: Measuring Use of a Digitized Collection on Flickr and in the IR date: 2012-09-10 words: 5077 flesch: 50 summary: Image collections like the one used in this study make up a small percentage of the items in the repository. Established in 2005, it holds more than 45,000 items, including faculty and student research, gray literature, institutional records, and digitized library collections. keywords: archives; bank; burlesque; collection; commons; community; content; data; development; digital; digitization; digitized; digitized collections; downloads; dspace; effect; efforts; environment; example; february; file; flickr; group; image; information; institutional; items; knowledge; learning; libraries; library; little; major; metadata; methods; need; number; page; party; phase; project; publicity; questions; relevant; repository; research; schlosser; september; sharing; site; stamper; statistics; studies; study; technology; tools; usage; use; users; views; web cache: ital-1926.pdf plain text: ital-1926.txt item: #280 of 712 id: ital-1927 author: Cuddy, Colleen title: President's Message: Open Access/Open Data date: 2008-03-01 words: 923 flesch: 50 summary: Open access and open data are the keystones of e-science and its goals of accelerating scientific discovery. To see ITAL go open access in my presidential year is extremely gratifying. keywords: access; act; bill; data; electronic; information; ital; journal; librarians; library; lita; message; new; open; president; research; transition cache: ital-1927.pdf plain text: ital-1927.txt item: #281 of 712 id: ital-1928 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments date: 2008-03-01 words: 378 flesch: 48 summary: ITAL will continue to feature high-quality articles that have undergone a rigorous peer-review process, but it will also begin expanding content to include more case studies, commentary, and information about topics and trends of interest to the LITA community and beyond. The first, Jason Vaughan’s overview of his library’s investigations into web-scale discovery options, was accepted for publication more than a year ago, but due to its length did not make it into “print” until now, since we no longer face the constraints associated with the production of a print journal. keywords: discovery; information; issue; ital; libraries; library; lita; overview; site; technology cache: ital-1928.pdf plain text: ital-1928.txt item: #282 of 712 id: ital-1930 author: Ward, David; Hahn, Jim; Feist, Kirsten title: Autocomplete as Research Tool: A Study on Providing Search Suggestions date: 2012-12-12 words: 5764 flesch: 49 summary: Autocomplete Implementation implementing autocompletion on the front end of a search affected providing search suggestions on the back end (search result pages). This includes having results displayed in a way that is easily ignored if students want to type in an entire search phrase themselves, and having the presentation and selection of search suggestions done in a way that is easy to read and quick to be selected. keywords: autocomplete; autocompletion; confidence; data; december; dropdown; expansion; feature; feist; finding; google; hahn; implementation; important; information; initial; instruction; interfaces; item; keywords; known; libraries; library; list; literacy; paper; participants; percent; process; quality; queries; query; questions; real; reference; related; research; results; round; search; searches; searching; set; specific; speed; spelling; students; study; subject; suggestions; systems; technology; terms; testing; text; time; tool; topic; type; usability; use; user; ward; way; white cache: ital-1930.pdf plain text: ital-1930.txt item: #283 of 712 id: ital-1941 author: Boberić Krstićev, Danijela title: Information Retrieval Using a Middleware Approach date: 2013-03-30 words: 5867 flesch: 37 summary: The basic advantage of this architecture is that it is possible to include new library systems that provide search services. 56 RELATED WORK A common approach for adding SRU support to library systems, most of which already support keywords: approach; appropriate; architecture; bibliographic; bisis; class; client; communication; component; context; cql; database; different; elements; figure; implementation; index; information; interface; intermediary; krstićev; language; libraries; library; library management; library system; management; mediator; mediator component; middleware; new; object; protocols; queries; query; query language; records; results; retrieval; search; server; services; set; software; software component; sru; standard; strategy; string; support; system; use; wrapper; wrapper component; xml; z39.50 cache: ital-1941.pdf plain text: ital-1941.txt item: #284 of 712 id: ital-1946 author: Park, Eun G; Oh, Sam title: Examining Attributes of Open Standard File Formats for Long-term Preservation and Open Access date: 2012-12-12 words: 8446 flesch: 37 summary: 44 ABSTRACT This study examines the attributes that have been used to assess file formats in literature and compiles the most frequently used attributes of file formats to establish open-standard file-format- selection criteria. As many different types of file formats are available for texts, images, graphs, audio recordings, videos, databases, and web applications, the selection of appropriate file formats poses an ongoing challenge to libraries, archives, and other cultural heritage institutions. keywords: 2006; a-1; ability; abrams; access; adoption; anderson; applications; archival; archives; attributes; available; barkstrom; barnes; brown; cendi; content; criteria; cultural; data; december; different; digital; digital preservation; document; excellent; file; file formats; folk; formats; frey; functionality; hardware; heritage; hodge; http://www.kb.nl/hrd/dd/dd_links_en_publicaties/publicaties/kb_file_format_evaluation_method_27022008.pdf; independent; information; institutions; international; interoperability; iso; issues; level; libraries; library; limited; long; management; metadata; microsoft; november; office; open; open access; open standard; openness; park; pdf; preservation; proprietary; protection; puglia; records; rendering; resources; rog; sahu; selection; self; set; software; specific; specification; standard; standard file; study; sullivan; support; technical; technology; term; term preservation; tiff_g4; use; users; van; wijk; word; xml cache: ital-1946.pdf plain text: ital-1946.txt item: #285 of 712 id: ital-2161 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Doesn't Work date: 2012-06-12 words: 1285 flesch: 61 summary: Our programming languages, application servers, Web application frameworks, AJAX libraries, integrated development environments, source-code repositories, build tools, testing harnesses, switches, routers, single-signon utilities, proxy servers, link resolvers, repositories, bibliographic management utilities, help-desk ticketing applications, and elaborate project-management protocols are all for naught if the final product of our labor, at the end of the day, doesn’t work. It now occurs to me, though, that this notion of “work” is precisely the point of technology, and that sometimes this gets lost for those of us employed fulltime as technologists in libraries. keywords: application; board; code; cyzyk; editorial; end; libraries; library; mark; pain; parry; practical; sake; staff; technologists; technology; thoughts; valuable; work; workstation; world cache: ital-2161.pdf plain text: ital-2161.txt item: #286 of 712 id: ital-2163 author: Groza, Tudor; Grimnes, AAstrand; Handschuh, Siegfried title: Reference Information Extraction and Processing Using Random Conditional Fields date: 2012-06-12 words: 6557 flesch: 51 summary: We plan to develop a flexible consolidation mechanism by dynamically generating and executing SPARQL queries from chunked reference fields and filtering the results via two string approximation metrics (a combination of Monge-Elkan and Chapman Soundex algorithms).  cleaning the provided input,  extracting the reference block, and  the division of the reference block into reference entries. keywords: approaches; author; case; chunker; chunking; cim; citation; computer; conditional; conference; cora; crf; dataset; date; different; digital; domain; entries; et al; evaluation; example; extraction; features; fields; flux; grimnes; handschuh; information; information extraction; input; international; journal; learning; libraries; lines; list; machine; metadata; model; names; organization; pages; paper; parscit; peng; percent; possible; proceedings; processing; publication; publisher; random; reference; reference information; research; results; science; scientific; section; semantic; similar; solution; steps; string; table; technology; title; token; training; values; web; work; |groza cache: ital-2163.pdf plain text: ital-2163.txt item: #287 of 712 id: ital-2164 author: Williamson, Stuart title: Public Library Computer Waiting Queues: Alternatives to the First-Come-First-Served Strategy date: 2012-06-12 words: 3662 flesch: 58 summary: Our results demonstrate that the SJF strategy is generally best for minimizing overall average waiting time as well as for getting customers needing the least amount of computer time online the fastest. The information about each session required for the simulation includes the time at which the user arrived to sign up for a computer, the number of minutes it took the user to log in once assigned a computer, how many minutes of computer time were used, whether or not this was the user’s first or a subsequent session for the day, and finally, whether the user gave up waiting and abandoned his/her place in the queue. keywords: average; class; classes; computer; customers; cuts; data; express; fcfs; hrrn; information; length; libraries; library; line; minutes; number; priority; public; queue; queuing; results; session; sign; simulation; sjf; strategies; strategy; system; times; users; waiting cache: ital-2164.pdf plain text: ital-2164.txt item: #288 of 712 id: ital-2165 author: Hessel, Heather; Fransen, Janet title: Resource Discovery: Comparative Results on Two Catalog Interfaces date: 2012-06-12 words: 7952 flesch: 61 summary: Library staff made up 13 percent of MNCAT Classic respondents and 4 percent of MNCAT Plus respondents, although the actual number of library staff responding was nearly identical (twenty-one for MNCAT Plus, twenty for MNCAT Classic). Furthermore, survey respondents of both interfaces agreed that they are interested in items no matter where the items are, which underlines the value of a service such as WorldCat; 73 percent of MNCAT Plus respondents and 78 percent of MNCAT Classic respondents expressed a preference for seeing items held by other libraries, knowing they could request items using an interlibrary loan service if necessary. keywords: articles; books; catalog; classic; classic respondents; college; comparative; databases; discovery; environment; faculty; finding; fransen; generation; google; graduate; group; hessel; information; interested; interface; item; journal; jstor; june; known; libraries; library; management; minnesota; mncat; mncat classic; new; online; particular; percent; plus; primo; pubmed; questions; relevant; research; resource; respondents; responses; results; school; search; searching; specific; staff; student; success; survey; table; technology; title; topic; undergraduate; university; users; worldcat cache: ital-2165.pdf plain text: ital-2165.txt item: #289 of 712 id: ital-2166 author: Dresselhaus, Angela; Shrode, Flora title: Mobile Technologies & Academics: Do Students Use Mobile Technologies in Their Academic Lives and are Librarians Ready to Meet this Challenge? date: 2012-06-12 words: 6769 flesch: 49 summary: At USU we interpret the numbers of students who use mobile devices for academic purposes as justification for implementing mobile library access, but we have not set a benchmark for a degree of interest that would trigger more development. The authors discuss mobile phone use, library mobile websites, and mobile catalogs, and they describe the process they used to develop their mobile library site. keywords: academic; access; applications; articles; bridges; campus; catalog; college; comments; data; desktop; development; devices; dresselhaus; ecar; electronic; figure; file:///c:/users; following; gerrityr; handheld; implementation; important; information; interest; ital%2031n2_proofread; journal; june; librarian; libraries; library; likely; mail; mar; medical; mobile; mobile access; mobile devices; mobile services; mobile technologies; new; online; order; patrons; percent; plan; population; purposes; questions; reference; research; resources; respondents; responses; services; shrode; site; smartphones; smith; staff; state; students; study; survey; technologies; technology; text; time; university; use; usu; utah; variety; vendors; web; work; years cache: ital-2166.pdf plain text: ital-2166.txt item: #290 of 712 id: ital-2167 author: Kastellec, Mike title: Practical Limits to the Scope of Digital Preservation date: 2012-06-12 words: 3684 flesch: 40 summary: The author takes a wide-ranging approach to shed light on limitations to the scope of digital preservation. The author proposes a nested model of constraints to the scope of digital preservation and concludes that costs are digital preservation’s most pervasive limitation. keywords: access; archival; archive; berman; constraints; content; copies; copyright; costs; data; degree; digital; digital preservation; funding; future; hardware; human; information; institutions; kastellec; law; legal; libraries; library; limitations; limited; limits; loss; media; model; non; objects; obsolescence; physical; practical; preservation; preserved; rosenthal; scale; scope; selection; sites; software; storage; strategies; technical; technological; technology; web cache: ital-2167.pdf plain text: ital-2167.txt item: #291 of 712 id: ital-2230 author: Cuddy, Colleen title: President's Message: The Year in Review--Everything Open date: 2012-06-12 words: 1065 flesch: 62 summary: Sometimes the challenges were ideological or legal, and sometimes the very technology that we embrace has caused problems, but I think it is safe to say that LITA leadership is working towards a common goal of a transparent structure with open communication channels. The team did an outstanding job on this project and completed the deliverable on time, with very little guidance from LITA leadership—a sure sign of leadership! keywords: access; ala; award; board; committee; communication; data; information; leadership; library; lita; membership; new; open; president; team; technology; year cache: ital-2230.pdf plain text: ital-2230.txt item: #292 of 712 id: ital-2241 author: Chan, Ian; Ly, Pearl; Meulemans, Yvonne Nalani title: Extending IM beyond the Reference Desk: A Case Study on the Integration of Chat Reference and Library-Wide Instant Messaging Network date: 2012-09-10 words: 6634 flesch: 42 summary: Openfire supports internal IM networks at educational institutions such as the University of Pennsylvania, Central Michigan University, and University of California, San Francisco. (paper presented at 4th ALIA New Librarians Symposium, December 5–6, 2008, Melbourne, Australia), http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/2076(accessed August 17, 2011); and Alan Cockerill, “Open Source for IM Reference: OpenFire, Fastpath and Spark” (workshop presented at Fair Shake of the Open Source Bottle, Griffith University, Queensland College of Art, Brisbane, Australia, November 20, 2009), http://www.quloc.org.au/download.php?doc_id=6932&site_id=255 (accessed August 4, 2011). keywords: access; accounts; addition; available; california; campus; case; chan; chat; chat reference; collaboration; communication; computer; configuration; csusm; database; desk; email; evaluation; extending; fastpath; features; figure; implementation; information; initiation; instant; internal; librarian; libraries; library; libraryh3lp; literature; meebo; message; messaging; meulemans; network; new; number; openfire; organization; percent; pilot; plugin; process; program; questionpoint; questions; queues; reference; research; san; september; server; services; software; source; spark; staff; state; students; study; survey; system; technology; time; tool; university; use; user; virtual; web; website; widgets; workplace cache: ital-2241.pdf plain text: ital-2241.txt item: #293 of 712 id: ital-2268 author: Singh, Vandana title: Experiences of Migrating to Open Source Integrated Library Systems date: 2013-03-30 words: 7434 flesch: 62 summary: • Designate a liaison between library staff and developers. • Talk to other libraries that have made the move to open-source. keywords: adoption; available; best; case; consortium; cost; current; data; decision; different; evergreen; experiences; february; good; guidelines; help; ils; ilss; implementation; important; information; integrated; interviews; involved; koha; libraries; library; library system; maintenance; march; migrating; migration; multiple; new; number; old; open; open source; order; patrons; people; problems; process; proprietary; public; questions; research; resources; singh; software; source; specific; staff; stage; sure; system; technology; things; time; training; use; vendor; walls; work cache: ital-2268.pdf plain text: ital-2268.txt item: #294 of 712 id: ital-2284 author: Thompson, Susan title: Student Use of Library Computers: Are Desktop Computers Still Relevant in Today's Libraries? date: 2012-12-12 words: 6169 flesch: 54 summary: What impact does student computer use have on the library and its other services? While many studies discuss the value of information commons, very few look at why library computers are preferred over computers in other areas on campus. keywords: academic; access; book; building; campus; commons; computers; csusm; day; desktop; desktop computers; devices; early; ecar; educause; fifth; fourth; group; horizon; information; lab; laptop; learning; libraries; library; library computers; library services; likely; media; mobile; nonlibrary; observations; ownership; percent; period; preference; preferred; question; report; research; respondents; results; services; students; studies; study; studying; support; survey; table; technology; term; thompson; time; university; usage; use; users; week; |december cache: ital-2284.pdf plain text: ital-2284.txt item: #295 of 712 id: ital-2309 author: Thorne Wallington, Elizabeth title: Social Contexts of New Media Literacy: Mapping Libraries date: 2013-12-22 words: 4910 flesch: 49 summary: Social Contexts of New Media Literacy: Mapping Libraries Elizabeth Thorne-Wallington INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2013 53 ABSTRACT This paper examines the issue of universal library access by conducting a geospatial analysis of library location and certain socioeconomic factors in the St. Louis, Missouri, metropolitan area. Framed around the issue of universal access to Internet, computers, and technology (ICT) for digital natives, this paper demonstrates patterns of library location related to race and income. keywords: access; african; american; analysis; areas; arts; census; city; contexts; county; cultural; data; december; digital; district; education; factors; figure; gis; household; important; income; information; internet; learning; level; libraries; library; literacies; literacy; location; louis; mapping; maps; media; missouri; natives; new; new media; people; percent; poverty; proficient; public; race; research; resources; role; school; social; socioeconomic; students; study; technology; thorne; tracts; urban; wallington; young cache: ital-2309.pdf plain text: ital-2309.txt item: #296 of 712 id: ital-2311 author: Becker, Danielle A.; Yannotta, Lauren title: Modeling a Library Web Site Redesign Process: Developing a User-Centered Web Site Through Usability Testing date: 2013-03-30 words: 5994 flesch: 56 summary: Hulseberg and Monson found in their investigation of student-driven taxonomy for library website design that “by developing our websites based on student-driven taxonomy for library website terminology, features, and organization, we can create sites that allow students to get down to the business of conducting research.” Search engines are preferred because of speed, ease of use, convenience, and availability.1 Similar studies such as Emde et al., and Gross and Sheridan, have shown that students are not using library websites to do their research.2 Gross and Sheridan assert in their article on undergraduate search behavior that “although students are provided with library skills sessions, many of them still struggle with the complex interfaces and myriad of choices the library website provides.” keywords: academic; aloud; appendix; article; becker; college; design; doi; feedback; female; find; guides; hunter; ibid; information; iterative; journal; librarian; libraries; library; library website; link; march; method; navigation; new; new site; nielsen; old; old site; participants; percent; principles; process; protocol; prototype; questions; redesign; research; resources; results; review; round; senior; services; students; study; tasks; technology; terminology; testing; tests; think; title; understandable; usability; usability study; usability testing; users; web site; web usability; website; website redesign; week; yes cache: ital-2311.pdf plain text: ital-2311.txt item: #297 of 712 id: ital-2384 author: Surla, Bojana Dimić title: Eclipse Editor for MARC Records date: 2012-09-10 words: 3901 flesch: 47 summary: Some of them support cataloging by direct-editing of MARC record; others have a user interface that enables entering bibliographic data by a user who knows nothing about how MARC records are organized. In this paper we discuss existing approaches in developing user interfaces for editing MARC records. keywords: application; approaches; bibliographic; bisis; cataloger; cataloging; cerif; constraints; content; control; data; development; dušan; eclipse; editing; editor; electronic; extension; february; field; figure; information; interfaces; libraries; library; marc; marc records; model; paper; platform; plug; rcp; record; research; results; screen; software; subfields; surla; system; technology; user cache: ital-2384.pdf plain text: ital-2384.txt item: #298 of 712 id: ital-2526 author: Porter, Cynthia title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Appreciation for History date: 2012-09-10 words: 909 flesch: 70 summary: He helped me remember library technology. I graduated from library school in 1989. keywords: carter; catalogs; classification; editorial; ill; ital; libraries; library; online; school; students; technology; use; work cache: ital-2526.pdf plain text: ital-2526.txt item: #299 of 712 id: ital-2528 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments date: 2012-09-10 words: 455 flesch: 46 summary: Bob Gerrity (r.gerrity@uq.edu.au) is University Librarian, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia. Melanie Schlosser and Brian Stamper begin to explore the effects of reposting library digital collections on Flickr. keywords: australia; board; content; cynthia; editor; editorial; issue; ital; library; queensland; service; technology; university; years cache: ital-2528.pdf plain text: ital-2528.txt item: #300 of 712 id: ital-2867 author: Weessies, Kathleen W.; Dotson, Daniel S. title: Mapping for the Masses: GIS Lite & Online Mapping Tools in Academic Libraries date: 2013-03-30 words: 4257 flesch: 48 summary: An example of the type of map that could be produced from such data using SAS can be seen in figure 4. Figure 4. This isn’t necessarily a representative proportion of user needs; librarians should assess data resources in light of their own patrons’ needs. keywords: academic; applications; available; boundaries; case; census; city; class; county; data; datasets; dotson; ethnic; explorer; figure; free; geographic; geoweb; gis; gis lite; historical; image; information; level; libraries; library; licensed; lite; map; mapping; maps; march; masses; national; needs; online; options; output; pdf; population; products; proquest; research; resources; sas; simplymap; social; spatial; statistical; students; tabular; technology; time; tools; tracts; university; user; weessies; wish; years cache: ital-2867.pdf plain text: ital-2867.txt item: #301 of 712 id: ital-2892 author: Donahue, Tim title: Animated Subject Maps for Book Collections date: 2013-06-10 words: 4448 flesch: 55 summary: Most library maps examined were limited to LC main classes or broad ranges denoting wide swaths of call numbers. Flash is proprietary software, so the benefits of open source software cannot be utilized with subject maps at this time. keywords: access; animated; animation; book; browse; browsing; catalog; classes; classification; collections; college; database; decades; digital; donahue; electronic; evolution; faculty; flash; future; help; information; june; knowledge; libraries; library; limited; long; main; map; maps; mouse; need; number; online; organization; outline; physical; practical; primary; print; process; reference; searching; shelves; shifting; stack; state; students; subject; subject map; systems; technology; time; users; way; web cache: ital-2892.pdf plain text: ital-2892.txt item: #302 of 712 id: ital-2929 author: Kilgour, Frederick G. title: Costs of Library Catalog Cards Produced by Computer date: 1968-05-31 words: 2751 flesch: 65 summary: Nevertheless, this paper will examine CHY card production costs as though this segment of the system were an isolated procedure, yielding but one product, as is the case in classical library procedures. Nevertheless, other institutions adopted the CHY procedure for catalog card production, among them the Medical Library at the University of Rochester, which used the programs for two years following February, 1966. keywords: bibliographic; cards; case; catalog; center; cents; charges; chy; computer; costs; data; document; form; harvard; ibm; increase; kilgour; library; machine; medical; new; operation; procedure; production; programs; project; readable; study; system; table; techniques; time; writer; yale; years cache: ital-2929.pdf plain text: ital-2929.txt item: #303 of 712 id: ital-2931 author: Scott, Jack W. title: An Integrated Computer Based Technical Processing System in a Small College Library date: 1968-08-31 words: 2270 flesch: 60 summary: Output from the Friden consists of the multiple order, a punched paper tape containing the full bibliographic entry but no order information, and tab cards, punched by the slave IBM Key Punch, which contain full order information but only abbreviated bibliographic data. The tab cards, containing full order information, are used as input to the 1440 computer to create an on order file arranged by order 152 /ou·rnal of Library Automation Vol. keywords: automation; available; bibliographic; book; card; catalog; college; computer; copy; data; file; flexowriter; ibm; information; librarian; library; list; manual; material; number; order; paper; processing; punch; shelf; system; tab; tape; time; vendor cache: ital-2931.pdf plain text: ital-2931.txt item: #304 of 712 id: ital-3001 author: Tallent, Ed title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Technology and Mission: Reflections of a First-Year Library Director date: 2012-12-12 words: 1364 flesch: 47 summary: What is perhaps less unique is how these issues of library technology intersect with some very high priority college initiatives and challenges. The campus portal vs. library web site: this issue is neither new nor unique, but is still is a tangled web of conflicting priorities and attitudes, campus politics and technology vision, the extent and location of technology support, and the flexibility of the campus portal or content management system (CMS) and the people who direct it. keywords: alumni; campus; college; content; design; director; information; issues; learning; libraries; library; need; portal; services; student; support; technology; user; value; web; work cache: ital-3001.pdf plain text: ital-3001.txt item: #305 of 712 id: ital-3002 author: Starr, Karen J. title: President's Message: 21st Century Skills, 21st Century Infrastructure date: 2011-06-01 words: 792 flesch: 44 summary: ■■ “expert advice on a variety of topics including medi- cine, law, car repair, computer technology, animal husbandry, and gardening ■■ economic development, investment, bank rates, con- sumer product safety, and insurance ■■ community-based information such as events, vol- unteers, local classified advertisements, special interest groups, housing information, public meet- ings, transportation schedules, and local employment opportunities ■■ computer training, foreign language programs, homework service, teacher recertification, school activities, school scheduling, and adult education ■■ electronic mail and the ability to transfer files locally as well as worldwide ■■ access to public records, voting records of legisla- tors, absentee voting, the ability to renew a driver’s license, the rules and regulations from governmental agencies, and taxes ■■ information about hunting and fishing, environmen- tal quality, the local weather, road advisories, sports, Karen J. starr (karen.j.starr@gmail.com) is Lita President 2010-11 and assistant administrator for Library and develop- ment Services, nevada State Library and archives, carson city. Those initiatives were soon followed by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation projects supporting public libraries, which included fund- ing hardware grants to implement public computer labs and connectivity grants to support high-speed Internet connections. keywords: access; broadband; century; computer; development; high; information; infrastructure; internet; libraries; library; lita; local; national; public; services; skills; technology cache: ital-3002.pdf plain text: ital-3002.txt item: #306 of 712 id: ital-3003 author: Truitt, Marc title: Editorial: Singularity--Are We There Yet? date: 2011-06-01 words: 3846 flesch: 64 summary: If Carr’s and Power’s books are about how we learn in an always-connected world of screens, Sherry Turkle’s Alone Together and Elias Aboujaoude’s Virtually You are about who we are in the process of becoming in that world.2 Turkle is a psychologist at MIT who studies human– computer interactions. In this case, “alive enough” was sufficient for the purpose at hand.4 Sometime later, Turkle read and publicly expressed her reservations about British computer scientist David Levy’s book, Love and Sex with Robots, in which Levy pre- dicted that by the middle of this century, Love with robots will be as normal as love with other humans, while the number of sexual acts and lovemak- ing positions commonly practiced between humans will be extended, as robots will teach more than is in all of the world’s published sex manuals combined.5 Contacted by a reporter from Scientific American about her comments regarding Levy’s book, Turkle was stunned when the reporter, equating the possibility of relation- ships between humans and robots with gay and lesbian relationships, accused her of likewise opposing these human-to-human relationships. keywords: aboujaoude; alive; behaviors; books; care; children; common; community; computer; connected; conversation; editorial; examples; human; ibid; information; librarian; libraries; life; little; love; machine; mobile; moment; new; ones; online; people; point; real; relationships; robotic; robots; screens; second; self; service; singularity; studies; technologies; technology; time; truitt; turkle; virtual; works; world; years cache: ital-3003.pdf plain text: ital-3003.txt item: #307 of 712 id: ital-3004 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Just Like Being There, or How I Learned To Stop Coveting Bare Metal and Learned to Love My VM date: 2011-06-01 words: 1129 flesch: 63 summary: Using a virtual machine facilitates the easy explora- tion of new operating systems and new applications, and moving toward using virtual machines is similar to when I first started using a digital camera. Specifically, it’s mitigated through use of virtual machines. keywords: days; guest; host; machines; need; new; old; operating; server; system; test; ubuntu; use; virtual; way cache: ital-3004.pdf plain text: ital-3004.txt item: #308 of 712 id: ital-3005 author: Vaughan, Jason; Costello, Kristen title: Management and Support of Shared Integrated Library Systems date: 2011-06-01 words: 7857 flesch: 49 summary: Hardware placed third in overall fre- quency; for Innovative and likely for other ILS systems, ILS hardware can be purchased from the vendor or an approved platform can be sourced from a reseller directly. The authors were interested if an ILS oversight body exists with other shared systems, and, if so, what issues are discussed. keywords: additional; annual; associated; c e; c o; central; costs; current; e d; e p; e r; e s; e t; e w; figure; funding; group; h e; hardware; ils; information; innovative; institution; integrated; libraries; library; m e; m o; maintenance; management; module; mou; n c; n e; n n; n s; n t; nevada; new; number; o n; o rt; o u; o va; p o; partners; percent; r n; records; research; respondents; responses; rt n; s m; shared; sharing; software; st e; staff; support; survey; system; te n; u n; unlv; vendor cache: ital-3005.pdf plain text: ital-3005.txt item: #309 of 712 id: ital-3006 author: DeRidder, Jody L. title: Benign Neglect: Developing Life Rafts for Digital Content date: 2011-06-01 words: 3077 flesch: 45 summary: This is an acknowledgment of current resource limitations relative to the burgeon- ing quantities of digital content that need to be preserved. However, a short survey of some of the leading efforts clarifies for even the casual observer that implementation of the proposed standards is beyond many of those who are creating or hosting digital content, particularly because of restrictions on acceptable formats, requirements for extensive metadata in specific XML encodings, need for programmers for implementation, costs for participation, or simply a lack of a clear set of steps for the unini- tiated to follow (examples include: Planets, PREMIS, DCC, CASPAR, iRods, Sound Directions, HathiTrust).1 The deluge of digital content coupled with the lack of funding for digital preservation and exacerbated by the expanding variety of formats, makes the application of extensive standards and extraordinary techniques beyond the reach of the majority. keywords: able; access; alabama; archival; archive; archiving; benign; best; clear; content; cost; cultural; current; delivery; deridder; digital; digital preservation; file; future; http://; implementation; information; june; level; libraries; library; life; lockss; long; lynch; mar; materials; metadata; model; need; neglect; oais; open; organization; planets; possible; practices; preservation; principle; requirements; software; storage; support; system; term; time; university cache: ital-3006.pdf plain text: ital-3006.txt item: #310 of 712 id: ital-3007 author: Zhang, Hong; Smith, Linda C.; Twidale, Michael; Gao, Fang Huang title: Seeing the Wood for the Trees: Enhancing Metadata Subject Elements with Weights date: 2011-06-01 words: 3779 flesch: 53 summary: ”22 Needed Refinements in Subject Indexing The fact that weighted indexing has become more prominently needed over the past decade may be related to the shift in the continuum from subject indexing as representation/ surrogate to subject indexing as access points, which is consistent with the shift from a small number of subject terms to more subject terms. Because of the difficulty of selecting words to represent visual/aural sym- bolism, subject indexing for art and cultural objects is usually guided by Panofsky’s three levels of meaning (pre-iconographical, iconographical, and post-iconographical), further refined by Layne in “ofness” and “aboutness” in each level. keywords: access; catalogers; collections; congress; dichotomous; elements; example; headings; human; images; important; indexing; information; library; major; manual; mechanism; metadata; minor; needs; particular; practice; primary; problem; project; relevant; results; retrieval; schemas; science; search; searching; social; subject; systems; tagging; tags; technology; terms; topic; trees; user; weighting; weights; work; zhang cache: ital-3007.pdf plain text: ital-3007.txt item: #311 of 712 id: ital-3008 author: Wang, Fang title: Building an Open Source Institutional Repository at a Small Law School Library: Is it Realistic or Unattainable? date: 2011-06-01 words: 3161 flesch: 53 summary: Greenstone is a tool developed in New Zealand for building and dis- tributing digital library collections. “The Texas Tech University School of Law digital repository,” http://reposi tory.law.ttu.edu/ (accessed Apr. 5, 2011). keywords: collection; development; digital; digital repository; dspace; easy; faculty; future; history; information; installation; institutional; law; law library; law school; libraries; library; management; materials; open; plan; platform; professor; proprietary; repository; scanner; scholarship; school; service; site; smaller; software; source; staff; system; tech; texas; university; use; user; wang cache: ital-3008.pdf plain text: ital-3008.txt item: #312 of 712 id: ital-3012 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments date: 2012-12-12 words: 381 flesch: 34 summary: This month’s issue takes some of these themes further, with articles that examine the usability of autocompletion features in library search interfaces (Ward, Hahn, and Feist), reveal patterns of student use of library computers (Thompson), propose a cloud-based digital library storage solution (Sosa-Sosa), and summarize attributes of open standard file formats (Park, Oh). The first volume of JOLA offers a fascinating glimpse into early days of library automation, when many things were different, such as the size (big) and capacity (small) of computer hardware, and many things were the same (e.g., Richard Johnson’s description of the book catalog project at Stanford, where “the major achievement of the preliminary systems design was to establish a meaningful dialogue between the librarian and systems and computer personnel.” keywords: automation; bob; comments; december; digital; editor; gerrity; issue; ital; library cache: ital-3012.pdf plain text: ital-3012.txt item: #313 of 712 id: ital-3037 author: Starr, Karen J. title: President's Message: Membership, Leadership, Emerging Leaders, and LITA date: 2011-03-01 words: 538 flesch: 32 summary: LITA leadership, including the Membership Development Committee, Committee and Interest Group Chairs, the Education Committee, LITA Emerging Leaders, and others, will be included in an ongoing dialogue to see how and what can be implemented from the LITA Leadership Institute and the LITA Mentorship Program recommendations as submitted by the 2009 Emerging Leaders Team T. Follow-up by LITA to implement the recommendations of emerging leader projects is important to the vitality and longevity of the association. Additional LITA members accepted into the 2011 ALA Emerging Leaders Program include Tabatha Farney, Deana Greenfield, Amanda Harlan, Colleen Harris, Megan Hodge, Matthew Jabaily, Catherine Kosturski, Nicole Pagowsky, Casey Schacher, Sibyl Schaefer, Jessica Sender, and Andromeda Yelton. keywords: ala; committee; development; leaders; leadership; library; lita; membership; program; projects; skills; team; university cache: ital-3037.pdf plain text: ital-3037.txt item: #314 of 712 id: ital-3038 author: Truitt, Marc title: Editorial: "The Air is Full of People" date: 2011-03-01 words: 1921 flesch: 62 summary: Powers, a writer whose work has appeared in the Washington Post, the New York Times, the New Republic, and elsewhere, describes the influence of digital technology (or “screens,” to use his shorthand)3 and connectedness on our lives: In the last few decades, we’ve found a powerful new way to pursue more busyness: digital technology. keywords: article; books; carr; circuits; connectedness; digital; google; hamlet; information; internet; learning; libraries; library; mind; neural; new; people; powers; reading; remapping; screens; shallows; spaces; technology; text; thinking; way; web; years cache: ital-3038.pdf plain text: ital-3038.txt item: #315 of 712 id: ital-3039 author: Porter, Cynthia title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Is Open Access the Answer? date: 2011-03-01 words: 845 flesch: 57 summary: Are people reading OA articles? My focus on OA journals increased precipitously when the licensing for a popular American weekly medi- cal journal changed. keywords: access; articles; factor; impact; jan; journals; medical; online; open; plosone; research; students cache: ital-3039.pdf plain text: ital-3039.txt item: #316 of 712 id: ital-3040 author: Yelton, Andromeda title: A Simple Scheme for Book Classification Using Wikipedia date: 2011-03-01 words: 5404 flesch: 55 summary: He then used that relat- edness to determine how strongly words from a target document predicted various Wikipedia categories. ■■ Conclusions Even a simple system, quickly assembled from freely available parts, can have modest success in identifying book categories. keywords: acm; approach; articles; automated; available; book; brief; case; categories; category; classification; common; concepts; conference; cosmology; documents; file; google; history; hits; human; important; information; international; items; key; knowledge; lcshs; library; links; list; mar; method; miss; model; new; number; pages; particular; phrases; proceedings; queries; query; research; results; scheme; science; script; simple; sips; states; strong; strpos($testlink; subject; subjective; synonyms; system; table; terms; test; text; times; topics; user; weak; web; wikipedia; words; work; world; wrong; yelton; york cache: ital-3040.pdf plain text: ital-3040.txt item: #317 of 712 id: ital-3041 author: Maceli, Monica; Wiedenbeck, Susan; Abels, Eileen title: The Internet Public Library (IPL): An Exploratory Case Study on User Perceptions date: 2011-03-01 words: 6152 flesch: 45 summary: In respect to our study, we found no literature that studied perceptions of Internet public libraries. Additionally, our chosen participant group, college students who are physical library users, had relatively high levels of library and technology experience, as well as complex expectations. keywords: abels; academic; access; analysis; best; books; case; children; collections; college; community; complex; credible; current; data; digital; electronic; environment; exploratory; findings; general; group; help; information; internet; internet public; ipl; ipl2; janes; leisure; librarian; libraries; library; local; maceli; oclc; offerings; online; participants; perceptions; physical; physical public; present; public; public library; qualitative; questions; reference; research; resources; school; seeking; services; students; studies; study; technology; themes; time; university; users; website; wiedenbeck cache: ital-3041.pdf plain text: ital-3041.txt item: #318 of 712 id: ital-3042 author: Tous, Ruben; Guerrero, Manel; Delgado, Jaime title: Semantic Web for Reliable Citation Analysis in Scholarly Publishing date: 2011-03-01 words: 5645 flesch: 41 summary: MArcH 2011 Ruben Tous, Manel Guerrero, and Jaime Delgado Semantic Web for Reliable Citation Analysis in Scholarly Publishing Nevertheless, current practices in citation analysis entail serious problems, including security flaws related to the publishing process (e.g., repudiation, imperson- ation, and privacy of paper contents) and defects related to citation analysis, such as the following: ■■ Nonidentical paper instances confusion ■■ Author naming conflicts ■■ Lack of machine-readable citation metadata ■■ Fake citing papers Because citation analysis has become the primary component in scholarly impact fac- tor calculation, and considering the relevance of this metric within both the scholarly publishing value chain and (especially important) the professional curriculum evaluation of scholarly professionals, we defend that cur- rent practices need to be revised. keywords: acceptance; analysis; approach; architecture; author; certificate; changes; citation; citation analysis; classes; communication; conference; confidentiality; creation; current; delgado; description; different; digital; dynamic; example; figure; graphs; guerrero; information; journal; june; key; knowledge; lifecycle; management; metadata; model; modeling; new; notification; ontology; owl; paper; process; properties; publication; publishers; publishing; rdf; reference; related; reliable; representation; research; scheme; scholarly; scholarly publishing; semantic; signing; submission; systems; tous; trust; uri; use; web; work cache: ital-3042.pdf plain text: ital-3042.txt item: #319 of 712 id: ital-3043 author: Fulton, Camilla title: Web Accessibility, Libraries, and the Law date: 2011-03-01 words: 5219 flesch: 41 summary: ■■ Most libraries are not included as entities that must comply with state web accessibility statutes. “Most libraries are not included as entities that must comply with state web accessibility statutes.” keywords: academic; accessibility; accessible; accommodation; act; agencies; american; annotated; appendix; blind; california; code; commercial; community; content; courts; disabilities; disability; disabled; entities; federal; fulton; government; guidelines; ibid; iii; information; institutions; jan; journal; kentucky; law; laws; librarian; libraries; library; list; montana; online; page; people; place; public; quiz; reader; resources; school; screen; search; section; services; standards; state; statutes; survey; tags; teacher; technology; text; title; u.s.c; university; use; users; virginia; visual; w3c; wcag; web; web accessibility; websites cache: ital-3043.pdf plain text: ital-3043.txt item: #320 of 712 id: ital-3044 author: Emanuel, Jennifer title: Usability of the VuFind Next-Generation Online Catalog date: 2011-03-01 words: 7022 flesch: 64 summary: They also wanted to know whether the reviews or comments from catalog users had any type of moderation by a librarian. Some librarians view the interface as only part of the problem of library catalogs and point to cataloging and metadata practices as the larger underlying problem. keywords: account; advanced; amazon; author; basic; better; book; box; carli; catalog; cataloging; clear; comments; commercial; facets; faculty; features; field; figure; generation; graduate; illinois; individual; information; installation; interface; item; james; joyce; libraries; library; limit; list; look; materials; menu; new; number; online; opac; open; options; page; participants; problems; record; recording; results; reviews; sample; search; searches; searching; share; specific; students; subjects; technology; test; uiuc; university; usability; useful; users; vufind; webvoyage cache: ital-3044.pdf plain text: ital-3044.txt item: #321 of 712 id: ital-3093 author: Schlesselman-Tarango, Gina title: Searchable Signatures: Context and the Struggle for Recognition date: 2013-09-15 words: 5724 flesch: 43 summary: This paper presents a study of searchable signatures on the Instagram application, demonstrating that these types of tags are valuable not only because they allow for both individuals and groups to engage in what social theorist Axel Honneth calls the “struggle for recognition,” but also because they provide contextual use data and sociohistorical information so important to the understanding of digital objects. Methods for the gathering and display of searchable signatures in digital library environments are also explored. keywords: associated; baroncelli; better; cat; collection; context; contextual; database; descriptive; digital; digital objects; environments; example; figure; freitas; groups; honneth; ibid; identities; identity; images; individuals; information; instagram; libraries; library; life; metadata; networking; november; objects; online; practice; recognition; schlesselman; searchable; searchable signatures; self; september; shared; signatures; sites; social; specific; struggle; tagging; tags; tarango; technology; time; traditional; unique; university; users; valuable; web; yale cache: ital-3093.pdf plain text: ital-3093.txt item: #322 of 712 id: ital-3123 author: DeRidder, Jody L. title: First Aid Training for Those on the Front Lines: Digital Preservation Needs Survey Results 2012 date: 2013-06-10 words: 2993 flesch: 35 summary: Second for ASERL respondents was digitized collections (69.4 percent, 25 respondents) whereas born-digital institutional records held second place for non-ASERL respondents (62 percent, 85 respondents). “Legal issues surrounding access, use, migration and storage” is a more important topic for ASERL respondents (51.4 percent, 19 respondents) than non-ASERL (42.8 percent, 77 respondents), and ASERL respondents were more concerned (37.8 percent, 14 respondents) than non-ASERL (33.1 percent, 46 respondents) with “Self- assessment and external audits.” keywords: aid; aserl; collections; content; deridder; digital; files; future; important; information; institution; june; libraries; library; lines; materials; members; metadata; need; non; percent; planning; preservation; research; respondents; results; sources; special; storage; survey; technology; topics; training; webinars cache: ital-3123.pdf plain text: ital-3123.txt item: #323 of 712 id: ital-3124 author: Starr, Karen J. title: President’s Message: BTOP, Broadband, E-Rate, and LITA date: 2010-12-01 words: 565 flesch: 45 summary: LITA members are encouraged to pursue these opportu- nities to ensure a place at the table for LITA, its members, and libraries. The LITA electronic dis- cussion list is there to pose questions you might have. LITA members have an opportunity to advocate and participate in a leadership role as the broadband initia- tive sets the infrastructure for the next ten to fifteen years. keywords: broadband; btop; information; libraries; library; lita; members; national; policy; public; standards; technology cache: ital-3124.pdf plain text: ital-3124.txt item: #324 of 712 id: ital-3125 author: Truitt, Marc title: Editorial: The Space in Between, or, Why ITAL Matters date: 2010-12-01 words: 2918 flesch: 57 summary: Who are we? In analyzing the survey responses, one of the first things one notices is the range and diversity of ITAL’s reader base, and by extension, of LITA’s membership. 164 iNFOrMAtiON tecHNOlOGY AND liBrAries | DeceMBer 2010 would likely quit LITA, with narrative explanations that clearly underscore the belief that ITAL—especially a paper ITAL—is viewed by many as an important benefit of membership. keywords: access; copy; dan; december; editorial; electronic; information; ital; jim; journal; librarian; libraries; library; lita; membership; model; new; open; paper; percent; publication; question; readers; respondents; responses; results; space; survey; technology; time; truitt; years cache: ital-3125.pdf plain text: ital-3125.txt item: #325 of 712 id: ital-3126 author: Marmion, Dan title: Editorial: Why Is ITAL Important? date: 2010-12-01 words: 998 flesch: 54 summary: As the official publication of America’s largest professional association for library and information technology, ITAL assures a broad audience for important work—and, thanks to its cost- recovery subscription pricing, ITAL makes that work available to nonmembers at prices far below the norm for scholarly publishing. Editor’s Note: What follows is a reprint of Dan Marmion’s editorial from ITAL 20, no. 2 (2001), http://www.ala.org/ ala/mgrps/divs/lita/ital/2002editorial.cfm. keywords: communication; editorial; important; information; ital; journal; librarians; library; lita; profession; publication; scholarly; technology; work cache: ital-3126.pdf plain text: ital-3126.txt item: #326 of 712 id: ital-3127 author: Farnel, Sharon title: Editorial Board Thoughts: System Requirements date: 2010-12-01 words: 1099 flesch: 40 summary: In the end I found some sort of list of technology or computer-competency requirements on thirty-three (approximately 58 percent) of the websites. Certainly, basic familiarity with a variety of applications and tools and comfort with rapidly changing technologies are major assets for librarians. keywords: basic; competency; computer; information; library; list; requirements; schools; skills; slis; software; studies; technology; tools; web cache: ital-3127.pdf plain text: ital-3127.txt item: #327 of 712 id: ital-3128 author: Malizia, Alessio; Bottoni, Paolo; Levialdi, S. title: Generating Collaborative Systems for Digital Libraries: a Model-Driven Approach date: 2010-12-01 words: 11062 flesch: 42 summary: The cited text by Gonçalves et al. gives GeNerAtiNG cOllABOrAtive sYsteMs FOr DiGitAl liBrAries | MAliziA, BOttONi, AND leviAlDi 173 education as discussed by Wattenberg or Zia.33 In the NSDL program, a new generation of services has been developed that includes support for teaching and learn- ing; this means also considering users’ activities or scenarios and not only information access. Services for implementing personal content delivery and sharing, or managing digital resources and modeling collaboration, are examples of tools introduced during this program. The entities of the CRADLE metamodel allow the specification of col- lections, structures, services, and communities of users (called “societies” in CRADLE) and partially reflect the DELOS Manifesto. keywords: access; according; acm; activities; actors; application; approach; architecture; atom3; attributes; automatic; available; basic; bottoni; box; class; code; code generation; collaborative; collection; communication; communities; component; computer; concepts; content; cooperative; corresponding; cradle; december; definition; delos; design; designers; development; different; digital; digital libraries; dls; document; domain; edit; elements; engineering; entities; entity; environment; events; example; fact; features; figure; following; formalism; framework; general; generated; generation; graph; group; indexing; information; interface; involved; java; language; layout; levialdi; libraries; library; list; malizia; management; metadata; metamodel; mime; model; modeling; new; particular; personal; present; proc; process; public; recognition; relationships; research; resources; retrieval; scenarios; services; set; societies; society; software; spaces; specific; specification; springer; standard; string; structure; systems; technology; template; tools; tree; types; users; value; visual; visualization; xdoclet; xdtfield; xml; xul cache: ital-3128.pdf plain text: ital-3128.txt item: #328 of 712 id: ital-3129 author: Visser, Marijke; Ball, Mary Alice title: The Middle Mile: The Role of the Public Library in Ensuring Access to Broadband date: 2010-12-01 words: 6825 flesch: 42 summary: Existing circumstances may predetermine a particular starting point, but one first step is to evaluate best prac- tices currently in place in a variety of communities to come up with a plan that meets the unique criteria of the community in question. Community needs vary according to local demographics, geography, existing infrastructure, types of service providers, and how state and federal systems in place. keywords: access; adoption; agencies; applications; availability; available; broadband; broadband access; broadband internet; communities; community; connection; connectivity; content; critical; current; demand; development; digital; early; economic; federal; government; ibid; important; increase; individual; information; infrastructure; initiatives; internet; internet access; issues; level; libraries; library; likely; local; means; members; mile; municipal; national; necessary; needs; new; online; people; perspective; plan; policies; policy; potential; public; relevant; resources; role; services; significant; social; society; stakeholders; state; study; successful; support; sustainable; technological; technology; telecommunications; time; today; users; variety; web cache: ital-3129.pdf plain text: ital-3129.txt item: #329 of 712 id: ital-3130 author: Hilera, José R.; Pagés, Carmen; Martínez, J. Javier; Gutiérrez, J. Antonio; de-Marcos, Luis title: An Evolutive Process to Convert Glossaries into Ontologies date: 2010-12-01 words: 7266 flesch: 37 summary: Ontology development process HighOrderLanguage (\$lastTime + (60 * $updateMin))) APPENDIx A. Squid configuration changes # changes made to squid.conf # Lines needed for Squid 2.5 #httpd_accel_port 80 #httpd_accel_host virtual #httpd_accel_with_proxy on #httpd_accel_uses_host_header on # # One line needed in version 2.6 http_port 3128 transparent APPENDIx B. /etc/hosts entry on marla for localnet entry 127.0.0.1 marla localhost.localdomain localhost 66.128.109.60 bob 66.99.172.252 lance.mckendree.edu lance # next line is for the ssl certificate to work properly 192.168.176.1 chilli.localnet chilli intRoDucinG zoomiFY imaGE | keywords: access; addition; address; administrator; appendix; certificate; changes; check; command; configuration; cron; daemon; feher; file; font; hardware; information; june; libraries; linksys; location; mac; network; open; output; owner; page; perl; point; port; previous; proto; script; server; service; software; sondag; source; status; system; technology; toemail; update; use; version; web; webserver; wireless; yum cache: ital-3247.pdf plain text: ital-3247.txt item: #406 of 712 id: ital-3248 author: Bland, Robert N.; Stoffan, Mark A. title: Returning Classification to the Catalog date: 2008-09-01 words: 2907 flesch: 45 summary: This search methodology provides nothing in the way of a systematic and hierarchical arrangement and display of subject classes, complete with accompanying verbal descrip- tions, that the classified catalog seeks to accomplish. intRoDucinG zoomiFY imaGE | smitH 55 Column Title Editor Author ID box for 3 column layout REtuRninG cLassiFication to tHE cataLoG | BLanD anD stoFFan 55 Communications Robert N. Bland and Mark A. Stoffan Returning Classification to the Catalog The concept of a classified catalog, or using classification as a form of subject access, has been almost forgotten by contemporary librarians. keywords: authority; captions; carolina; catalog; classes; classification; classified; display; figure; files; headings; information; lcc; level; libraries; library; north; number; online; records; retrieval; schedules; search; searching; state; subject; technology; university; user; verbal; way; wncln cache: ital-3248.pdf plain text: ital-3248.txt item: #407 of 712 id: ital-3250 author: Beatty, Mark title: President's Message date: 2008-06-01 words: 728 flesch: 50 summary: We are now, through surveys and meetings and focus groups, starting to know that new librarians and new LITA members are most interested in networking with their colleagues using multiple methods to fulfill the whole range of their professional and social needs. I would suggest your full reading of all three if you haven’t already. n Lankes, Silverstein and Nicholson, “Participatory Networks: The Library as Conversation,” in the December 2007 Information Technology and Libraries: “With their principles, dedication to service, and unique knowledge of infrastructure, libraries are poised not simply to respond to new technologies, but to drive them. keywords: communities; information; joe; libraries; library; lita; new; president; program; social; technology cache: ital-3250.pdf plain text: ital-3250.txt item: #408 of 712 id: ital-3251 author: Truitt, Marc title: Editorial date: 2008-06-01 words: 891 flesch: 48 summary: This initiative included several innova- tive features not previously found in library catalogs, such as search result relevance ranking and the ability to perform faceted searching against a variety of controlled- vocabulary indices (subject/topical, form/genre, date, etc.) The pioneering and best-known example of this, of course, is the discov- ery tool developed by a partnership of North Carolina State University Libraries and Endeca, which premiered in early 2006. keywords: able; alberta; bibliographic; catalog; description; frbr; information; ital; library; major; marc; metadata; profession; services; tools; truitt; university cache: ital-3251.pdf plain text: ital-3251.txt item: #409 of 712 id: ital-3252 author: Felker, Kyl title: Editorial Board Thoughts date: 2008-06-01 words: 1492 flesch: 68 summary: Librarians are trying to understand and even anticipate the needs of users to a degree that’s perhaps unprecedented in the history of our profession. We now live in a world where global computer networks link users directly with information in such a way that often, no middleman is required. keywords: board; choice; context; focus; group; images; librarians; library; making; marketing; new; process; research; services; techniques; technology; users; zaltman cache: ital-3252.pdf plain text: ital-3252.txt item: #410 of 712 id: ital-3253 author: Bowen, Jennifer title: Metadata to Support Next-Generation Library Resource Discovery: Lessons from the eXtensible Catalog, Phase 1 date: 2008-06-01 words: 11049 flesch: 44 summary: The strategies that the XC Project Team and XC Partner Institutions will use to address these issues can contribute to an agenda for attention and action within the library community to ensure that library metadata will continue to support online resource discovery in the future. n Goal 2: Bring metadata about library resources into a more open Web environment XC will reveal library metadata not only through its own separate interface (either the out-of-the-box XC interface or an interface designed by the local library), but will also allow library metadata to be revealed through other Web applications. keywords: access; additional; application; approach; architecture; august; authority; available; bibliographic; bowen; broader; catalog; cataloging; commercial; community; congress; content; control; core; current; design; development; digital; discovery; drupal; dublin; elements; environments; extensible; faceted; frbr; functional; functionality; future; generation; generation library; goal; group; harvesting; hub; ils; information; institutions; interface; issues; july; june; learning; legacy; libraries; library; library metadata; library resources; licensed; management; marc; metadata; metadata services; metasearch; model; multiple; needs; network; new; online; open; paper; phase; plan; possible; process; profile; project; project team; rda; records; related; report; repositories; requirements; research; resources; results; rochester; schemas; september; services; software; standards; support; survey; system; team; technology; university; user; variety; way; web; work; xc metadata; xc project; xc software; xc system cache: ital-3253.pdf plain text: ital-3253.txt item: #411 of 712 id: ital-3254 author: Feldmann, Louise; Wess, Lindsey; Moothart, Tom title: An Assessment of Student Satisfaction with a Circulating Laptop Service date: 2008-06-01 words: 4223 flesch: 63 summary: Circulating laptop computers at West Vir- ginia University. From its original fifteen wireless access points to its current twenty-nine, the library has struggled to meet the demand of additional library laptops and users’ personal laptops. keywords: 2001; access; available; colorado; computer; connection; desktop; eic; information; june; laptop; laptop service; large; libraries; library; loan; lyle; minutes; morgan; network; number; percent; points; problems; program; public; respondents; results; satisfaction; service; slow; staff; state; statistics; students; survey; table; technology; time; university; users; west; wireless; wireless network cache: ital-3254.pdf plain text: ital-3254.txt item: #412 of 712 id: ital-3255 author: Smith II, Plato title: Preparing Locally Encoded Electronic Finding Aid Inventories for Union Environments: A Publishing Model for Encoded Archival Description date: 2008-06-01 words: 3125 flesch: 47 summary: n Some key issues with creating and managing EAD finding aids One of the major issues with creating and managing EAD finding aids is the set of rules used for describing papers, manuscripts, and archival documents. This paper will briefly discuss encoded archival descrip- tion (EAD) finding aids, the workflow and process involved in encoding finding aids using EAD metadata standard, our institution’s current publishing model for EAD finding aids, current EAD metadata enhancement, and new developments in our publishing model for EAD finding aids at Florida State University Libraries. keywords: aids; archival; archives; collections; content; description; development; digital; ead; ead finding; eads; electronic; elements; encoding; figure; finding; finding aids; florida; fsu; guidelines; html; implementation; information; institutional; international; inventories; january; libraries; library; loc; manuscripts; marc; materials; metadata; model; new; online; pdf; publishing; record; rlg; search; special; standard; state; style; university; version; xml cache: ital-3255.pdf plain text: ital-3255.txt item: #413 of 712 id: ital-3256 author: Brenner, Michaela title: Discovering the Library with Google Earth date: 2008-06-01 words: 3308 flesch: 60 summary: One more recent feature is that KML files, created in Google Earth, can now also be viewed on the Web by simply entering the URL of the KML file into the search box of Google Maps (figure 12), thus cre- ating Google Earth placemarks in Figure 3. Issues in Calhoun’s report to the Library of Congress include the ques- tion of how to get a Google user from Google to library collections. keywords: access; authors; available; brenner; calhoun; catalog; collection; data; dempsey; digital; discovery; earth; figure; file; find; google; google earth; information; jessop; june; kml; libraries; library; links; lorcan; maps; market; oscdl; pilot; placemark; portland; project; public; report; resources; search; site; state; technology; university; users; web cache: ital-3256.pdf plain text: ital-3256.txt item: #414 of 712 id: ital-3257 author: Beatty, Mark title: President’s Message: Doing Something about Life’s Persistent Problems? date: 2008-03-01 words: 526 flesch: 69 summary: We’ve seen that our LITA members want more community from our association, so it makes sense to us that our patrons also want community. Currently we librarians seem to be hitching our wagon to the idea of library as community because in part it’s what we ourselves want. keywords: committee; community; libraries; library; lita; patrons; president; virtual cache: ital-3257.pdf plain text: ital-3257.txt item: #415 of 712 id: ital-3258 author: Truitt, Marc title: Editorial: Beginnings date: 2008-03-01 words: 1512 flesch: 57 summary: ■ What’s inside this issue ITAL content has traditionally represented an eclectic blend of the best mainstream and leading/bleeding edge of library technology. Our audience is not limited to those actively work- ing in library technology, although they certainly form ITAL’s core readership; rather, we seek to identify and publish content that will be relevant to all with an interest in or need to know about how technology is affecting our profession. keywords: alberta; board; cataloging; change; column; content; couple; current; editor; frbr; interest; issue; ital; libraries; library; members; online; readers; regular; spring; systems; technology; truitt cache: ital-3258.pdf plain text: ital-3258.txt item: #416 of 712 id: ital-3259 author: Mi, Jia; Weng, Cathy title: Revitalizing the Library OPAC: Interface, Searching, and Display Challenges date: 2008-03-01 words: 11759 flesch: 56 summary: It is only natural that library users turn to Internet search engines first for their information needs. Seeing so many record types under one label can easily confuse library users. keywords: academic; access; appendix; arl; article; author; author author; author(s; available; behavior; bibliographic; bibliographic data; book; boolean; box; browsing; catalog; cataloging; contents; control; corporate; cover; data; date; default; description; different; display; electronic; elements; engines; entries; entry; example; feature; feb; field; figure; functionality; good; google; helpful; history; ils; information; interface; internet; keyword; keyword search; label; libraries; library; library opacs; like; link; linking; location; marc; meeting; metadata; millennium; names; needs; new; number; online; opac; operators; options; order; page; percent; phrase; publication; ranking; record; related; relevance; relevant; research; resources; results; retrieval; search; search results; searching; self; series; set; statement; students; study; subject; system; table; technology; terms; tier; title; today; type; university; users; value; vendors; voyager; web; weng; words; work cache: ital-3259.pdf plain text: ital-3259.txt item: #417 of 712 id: ital-3260 author: Dickey, Timothy J. title: FRBRization of a Library Catalog: Better Collocation of Records, Leading to Enhanced Search, Retrieval, and Display date: 2008-03-01 words: 7848 flesch: 46 summary: The FRBR theoretical framework has remained an area of intense research at OCLC, which has even led to some prototype applications and, very recently, deploy- ment in the WorldCat Local interface.32 A scattered few other researchers have crafted FRBR catalogs and catalog displays for their own ends; the Library of Congress has a prototype as well. Music libraries must collect, catalog, and support materi- als in more formats than anyone else; this makes their experience of the most common ILS modules—circu- lation, reserves, and acquisitions—by definition more complicated. keywords: academic; access; application; association; author; authority; benefits; better; bibliographic; bibliographic records; bibliographic relationships; catalog; cataloging; challenges; collections; conceptual; current; database; different; display; edward; entities; entity; expressions; formats; frbr; frbrization; functional; group; hierarchical; ifla; ils; information; innovative; interface; item; journal; june; level; libraries; library; library catalog; libris; literature; local; manifestation; mar; march; materials; metadata; model; music; music library; musical; nature; new; notes; oclc; online; opac; organization; o’neill; percent; public; quarterly; recordings; records; related; relationships; report; requirements; research; resources; results; retrieval; richard; search; services; set; single; smiraglia; sound; specific; system; technical; technology; theory; title; university; users; vtls; work; worldcat cache: ital-3260.pdf plain text: ital-3260.txt item: #418 of 712 id: ital-3261 author: Haley, Connie K. title: Online Workplace Training in Libraries date: 2008-03-01 words: 5505 flesch: 56 summary: This study was designed to explore and describe the relationships between preference for online training and traditional face-to-face training. The author used a bivariate test, Kruskal- Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test to examine the relationship between preference for online training and related variables. keywords: .05; 1999; 2000; 2002; age; agree; analysis; author; budget; competence; core; data; development; disagree; education; effective; employees; ethnicity; experience; face; face training; gender; hrd; human; information; learning; libraries; library; march; online; online training; participants; percent; policies; preference; professional; questions; related; relationships; research; resource; scale; skills; staff; state; study; survey; technology; test; theory; topics; traditional; traditional face; training; variables; workplace; workplace training; years cache: ital-3261.pdf plain text: ital-3261.txt item: #419 of 712 id: ital-3262 author: Wan, Gary (Gang); Liu, Zao title: Content-Based Information Retrieval and Digital Libraries date: 2008-03-01 words: 4656 flesch: 56 summary: One of the most well-known CBIR systems is query by image content (QBIC), which was developed by IBM. VideoQ: an automated content based video search system using visual cues. keywords: 2006; acm; actual; annotation; audio; automatic; average; cbir; classification; clips; color; content; database; different; digital; et al; example; extraction; features; figure; formats; good; image; information; information retrieval; level; libraries; library; march; metadata; method; model; multimedia; music; new; objects; proceedings; process; projects; query; research; results; retrieval; search; set; shape; similar; similarity; stage; system; technology; text; texture; traditional; university; user; video; visual; wang; web cache: ital-3262.pdf plain text: ital-3262.txt item: #420 of 712 id: ital-3263 author: Jeong, Wooseob title: Touchable Online Braille Generator date: 2008-03-01 words: 3472 flesch: 52 summary: These issues hinder the effectiveness of force feedback displays for the blind. | JEonG 49 tasks in auditory and haptic dis- plays with 23 subjects and found that subjects performed better with haptic-only displays than with audi- tory-only displays or with auditory/ haptic combination displays.13 Several studies already attempted to apply force feedback technology to assist blind people’s computing. keywords: access; acm; adults; assistive; auditory; blind; braille; computer; conference; devices; displays; expensive; feedback; force; force feedback; generator; graphical; haptic; impaired; information; interface; international; jeong; libraries; march; mouse; multimodal; new; older; online; output; participants; people; press; proceedings; prototype; reality; research; screen; sighted; studies; study; systems; technologies; technology; text; touchable; user; virtual; web; wooseob; york cache: ital-3263.pdf plain text: ital-3263.txt item: #421 of 712 id: ital-3265 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: Farewell and Thank You date: 2007-12-01 words: 1132 flesch: 66 summary: To Marc Truitt, ITAL managing editor and the incom­ ing ITAL editor for the 2008–2010 volume years, I must say, “Thank you, thank you, thank you!” Published articles run a peer review gauntlet. keywords: articles; authors; editor; editorial; field; information; issue; ital; journal; libraries; lita; members; months; number; technology; term; years cache: ital-3265.pdf plain text: ital-3265.txt item: #422 of 712 id: ital-3266 author: Kim, Yong-Mi; Ahronheim, Judy; Suzuka, Kara; King, Louis E.; Bruell, Dan; Miller, Ron; Johnson, Lynn title: Enterprise Digital Asset Management System Pilot: Lessons Learned date: 2007-12-01 words: 9823 flesch: 45 summary: A DAM system can “ingest digital assets, store and index assets for easy searching, retrieve assets for use in many environments, and manage the rights associated with those assets.”4 The vision for enterprise DAM at U­M is for digital assets to not only be stored in a secure repository, but also be findable, accessible, and usable by the appropriate persons in the university community in their academic endeavors. keywords: academic; access; acl; addition; ahronheim; analysis; article; assets; associated; audio; author; available; bluestream; bruell; campus; case; challenges; check; classroom; collection; column; commercial; complex; content; control; copies; copyright; core; course; creation; cultural; current; dam; dam system; december; dental; dentistry; different; digital; digital assets; education; enterprise; enterprise dam; example; faculty; feb; figure; files; images; important; inc; information; infrastructure; intellectual; interface; issues; johnson; kim; king; lab; lab pilot; learning; libraries; library; living; management; materials; media; member; metadata; michigan; miller; needs; new; number; particular; patient; pilot; potential; process; producers; products; project; quality; recording; records; research; resource; results; review; rich; rights; role; schema; school; searching; server; sessions; significant; software; solution; speech­to­text; spi; staff; students; subject; support; suzuka; system; teachers; teaching; technical; technology; time; title; tools; types; university; use; users; u­m; varied; video; web; work; workflow cache: ital-3266.pdf plain text: ital-3266.txt item: #423 of 712 id: ital-3267 author: Lankes, R. David; Silverstein, Joanne; Nicholson, Scott title: Participatory Networks: The Library As Conversation date: 2007-12-01 words: 13506 flesch: 54 summary: This section seeks to highlight promising developments in integrating library systems well beyond the library catalog and to highlight not only an ideal endpoint, but also how this ideal system is truly participatory. This new model, of patrons adding information directly to library systems, is not as radical as it may first appear. keywords: able; access; ajax; amazon; answer; apis; applications; approach; article; artifacts; author; available; bed; blogs; book; brief; business; case; catalog; center; challenges; characteristic; collection; comments; communities; community; com­; concepts; conceptual; content; conversation; conversa­; con­; core; current; data; databases; december; development; different; digital; discussion; document; easy; example; fact; fax; feb; feedback; figure; flickr; framework; functions; goal; google; greater; groups; help; ideas; identity; important; information; information technology; integrated; integration; internet; items; knowledge; lankes; larger; librarianship; libraries; library; library community; library systems; limited; literacy; little; local; management; maps; materials; means; metadata; model; myspace; nature; need; networking; networks; new; nicholson; online; open; opportunities; organization; participatory; participatory library; participatory networks; patrons; people; point; policy; practice; process; public; questions; records; reference; repository; research; resources; rss; school; search; second; section; services; set; shape; silverstein; simple; single; site; social; software; specific; support; systems; technological; technologies; technology; term; test; theoretical; theory; time; tions; title; tools; traditional; user; video; web; wikipedia; wikis; world cache: ital-3267.pdf plain text: ital-3267.txt item: #424 of 712 id: ital-3268 author: Jaeger, Paul T.; Fleischmann, Kenneth R. title: Public Libraries, Values, Trust, and E-Government date: 2007-12-01 words: 9022 flesch: 39 summary: Amazingly, federal government support accounts for only about 1 percent of public library funding.59 Given that federal government agencies are already relying on public libraries to ensure access to e­government and fos­ ter community response and recovery in times of emer­ gencies, federal support for these social roles of the public library clearly can and should be increased significantly. While the provi­ sion of Internet access alone is a major expense for public libraries, the reliance of government agencies on public libraries as the public support system for e­government adds very significant extra burdens to libraries.55 In a 2007 survey of Florida public libraries, for example, 98.7 percent indicated that they receive no support from an outside agency to support the e­government services the library provides, despite the fact that 83.3 percent of responding libraries indicated that the use of e­govern­ ment in the library had increased overall library usage.56 This lack of outside support has resulted in public librar­ ies in different parts of the country having widely varying access to the Internet.57 The reality is that public libraries are expected by patrons and government agencies to fulfill this social role, whether or not any support—financial, staffing, or training—is provided for this role. keywords: able; access; activities; agencies; ala; american; article; assistance; available; bertot; better; center; citizens; coast; communities; community; computers; computing; com­; confidence; december; democracy; democratic; electronic; emergency; equal; et al; e­government; e­government access; family; federal; fema; fleischmann; forms; free; funding; gorman; government information; gulf; help; hurricanes; important; information; information access; information technology; internet; internet access; issues; jaeger; john; lack; librarians; librarianship; library; library values; lis; local; major; management; members; need; new; online; patrons; paul; people; place; point; policy; press; programs; provider; provision; public access; public internet; public libraries; quarterly; related; research; response; role; science; services; sites; social; society; source; states; support; technology; training; trust; united; use; users; values; vital; washington; work cache: ital-3268.pdf plain text: ital-3268.txt item: #425 of 712 id: ital-3269 author: HAN, Yan; Rawan, Atifa title: Afghanistan Digital Library Initiative: Revitalizing an Integrated Library System date: 2007-12-01 words: 2183 flesch: 54 summary: DLA’s goal is to build the capacity of Afghan libraries and librarians to work with open source digital libraries platforms; and to provide and enhance access to schol­ arly information resources and open content that all Afghanistan univer­ sities can share. Recent developments in digital libraries have resulted in dis­ tributed systems in libraries, and the ILS is treated as one of many digital library systems. keywords: access; afghanistan; characters; colleges; dari; digital; dla; education; farsi; gui; hours; ils; information; ing; initiative; integrated; interface; kabul; koha; libraries; library; new; open; open­source; perl; persian; project; rawan; services; software; source; staff; state; student; support; system; universities; university; users cache: ital-3269.pdf plain text: ital-3269.txt item: #426 of 712 id: ital-3270 author: Beatty, Mark title: President's Column date: 2007-09-01 words: 731 flesch: 68 summary: As social organizations, libraries, ALA, LITA and other groups, it appears that we have plucked all the low­hanging fruit of Web 1.0. My hope is to stimulate some thinking and conversation that results in LITA members’ ideas being exchanged and to create real opportunities to implement those ideas. keywords: column; fruit; groups; ideas; lita; organization; president; pretty; technology; web cache: ital-3270.pdf plain text: ital-3270.txt item: #427 of 712 id: ital-3271 author: Katz, Irvin R. title: Testing Information Literacy in Digital Environments: ETS's iSkills Assessment date: 2007-09-01 words: 5844 flesch: 40 summary: This article describes ETS’s iSkills assessment (for­ merly “ICT Literacy Assessment”), an Internet­based assessment of information literacy skills that arise in the context of technology. Assessing information literacy skills in the Cali­ fornia State University: keywords: 2002; 21st; advanced; article; assessment; assess­; assignment; association; available; century; colleges; community; consortium; core; data; design; development; digital; education; environments; ets; example; experts; feedback; field; figure; group; higher; ict; ict literacy; individual; information; information literacy; initiative; institutions; instruction; international; iskills assessment; katz; level; libraries; library; literacy; literacy skills; national; need; online; overall; panel; percent; performance; reports; research; results; review; rockman; schools; scores; scoring; september; service; sites; skills; society; standards; students; tasks; technology; test; testing; test­takers; trials; university; use; web cache: ital-3271.pdf plain text: ital-3271.txt item: #428 of 712 id: ital-3272 author: Spiteri, Louise F. title: The Structure and Form of Folksonomy Tags: The Road to the Public Library Catalog date: 2007-09-01 words: 9263 flesch: 56 summary: Single­term tags constitute 93 percent of Delicious tags, 76 percent of Furl tags, and 80 percent of Technorati tags. Unique entities constitute 22 percent of Delicious tags, 14 percent of Furl tags, and 49 percent of Technorati tags. keywords: 2004; 2005; abbreviated; abbreviations; acronyms; ambiguity; ambiguous; analysis; areas; article; author; bookmarks; case; catalogs; characters; choice; clear; clients; compound; concepts; construction; count; delicious; delicious tags; dictionary; entities; example; external; fact; folksonomies; folksonomy; folksonomy sites; folksonomy tags; form; furl; furl tags; guidelines; headings; help; homographs; information; items; jan; jargon; libraries; library; list; niso; niso guidelines; nouns; number; online; people; percent; period; phrases; plural; public; punctuation; retrieval; search; section; september; single; singular; sites; slang; social; spelling; spiteri; structure; study; subject; table; tagging; tags; technology; technorati; technorati tags; terms; title; types; unique; use; users; verbal; vocabularies; web; wikipedia; words cache: ital-3272.pdf plain text: ital-3272.txt item: #429 of 712 id: ital-3273 author: Bejune, Matthew title: Wikis in Libraries date: 2007-09-01 words: 6954 flesch: 48 summary: The University of Connecticut Libraries’ staff wiki (http:// wiki.lib.uconn.edu/) ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 31WIKIS IN LIBRARIES | BEJUNE 31 the wiki—library staff only in this case—they undoubtedly puzzle library patrons who think that they have the ability to edit the wiki when, in fact, they do not. Examples of library wikis are presented within the article, as is a discussion for why wikis are primarily utilized within categories I and II and not within categories III and IV. keywords: applications; article; association; asynchronous; author; bejune; categories; category; classification; collaboration; computer; computing; com­; conference; connecticut; content; cooperative; cscw; digital; discussion; electronic; examples; figure; guides; health; human; iii; information; instruction; june; knowledge; librarian; libraries; library; library staff; list; main_page; mediawiki; messages; new; nichols; patrons; percent; place; pmwiki; professional; projects; public; reference; remote; research; resources; results; reviews; schema; science; second; section; september; services; shared; site; software; staff; subject; success; support; technologies; technology; time; title; twidale; types; university; unknown; use; variety; web; web4lib; wiki; wikipedia; wikiwikiweb; work cache: ital-3273.pdf plain text: ital-3273.txt item: #430 of 712 id: ital-3274 author: Lacasta, Javier; Nogueras-Iso, Javier; López-Pellicer, Francisco Javier; Muro-Medrano, Pedro Rafail; Zarazaga-Soria, Francisco Javier title: ThManager: An Open Source Tool for Creating and Visualizing SKOS date: 2007-09-01 words: 10285 flesch: 53 summary: ■ State of the art in thesaurus tools and representation models The problem of creating appropriate content for thesauri is of interest in the DL field and other related disciplines, and an increasing number of software packages have appeared in recent years for constructing thesauri. Others are independent tools (can be considered as general­purpose thesaurus editors), but their architecture does not facilitate their integration within other information management tools. keywords: able; access; alphabetic; application; article; author; binary; broader; column; complex; components; concepts; construction; core; creation; definition; description; development; different; digital; dublin; editor; elements; environment; european; example; extended; figure; file; following; francisco; gemet; general; geographic; graphical; gui; iaaa; information; interchange; international; iso; javier; june; knowledge; lacasta; language; layer; libraries; library; list; load; lópez; management; map; mapping; medrano; metadata; model; multilingual; muro; narrower; navigation; need; new; nogueras; notation; number; open; organization; pellicer; persistence; preflabel; project; properties; property; rdf; related; relations; repository; representation; resources; respect; schemes; search; semantic; september; set; simple; size; skos; soria; specific; standard; storage; string; structure; subject; support; system; technology; terms; thesauri; thesaurus; the­; thmanager; time; title; tool; translationterm; types; use; user; valuekey; values; viewer; vocabularies; vocabulary; web; work; zarazaga cache: ital-3274.pdf plain text: ital-3274.txt item: #431 of 712 id: ital-3275 author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie title: President's Column date: 2007-06-01 words: 847 flesch: 60 summary: The other important networking opportunity for LITA members was the LITA Town Meeting led by LITA Vice President Mark Beatty. Using LITA’s strategic plan as a guide, I have worked with many of you in LITA to ensure that we have a structure in place that allows us to be more adaptable to the rapidly chang­ ing world and to make sure that LITA is relevant to LITA members 365 X 24 X 7 and not just at conferences and LITA National Forum. keywords: annual; board; column; committee; conference; leaders; lita; mark; meeting; members; midwinter; new; president; year cache: ital-3275.pdf plain text: ital-3275.txt item: #432 of 712 id: ital-3276 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: The Virtues of Deliberation date: 2007-06-01 words: 924 flesch: 58 summary: Likewise they should be offended if our articles discuss library technology issues misusing technical terms or concepts, or confusing technical issues with policy issues, or stating technology problems or issues in the title or abstract or introduction then omitting any mention of said problems until the final paragraph(s). Pondering these potential authors, particularly the smaller number, I conjured a mental picture of a fictional, male, potential ITAL author. keywords: author; issues; ital; journal; library; lita; lita­l; male; manuscripts; members; number; potential; technical; technology cache: ital-3276.pdf plain text: ital-3276.txt item: #433 of 712 id: ital-3277 author: Jaeger, Paul T.; Bertot, John Carlo; McClure, Charles R.; Rodriguez, Miranda title: Public Libraries and Internet Access across the United States: A Comparison by State 2004–2006 date: 2007-06-01 words: 8556 flesch: 58 summary: Public libraries must also focus on increasing provi­ sion of Internet access in light of federal, state, and local governments recently adding yet another significant level of services to public libraries by “requesting” that they provide access to and training in using numerous e­gov­ ernment services. The 2006 Public Libraries and the Internet study employed a Web­based survey approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of the 16,457 public library outlets in the United States.6 A sample was drawn to accurately represent metropolitan status (roughly equating to their designation of urban, suburban, or rural libraries), poverty levels (as derived through census data), state libraries, and the national picture, producing a sample of 6,979 public library out­ lets.7 The survey received a total of 4,818 responses for a response rate of 69 percent. keywords: access; analysis; available; average; bertot; budgets; california; carlo; carolina; computing; connection; connectivity; data; different; e­rate; florida; funding; georgia; highest; hours; increases; information; internet; internet access; island; issues; jaeger; jersey; john; kentucky; levels; libraries; library; local; louisiana; maryland; mcclure; national; needs; network; new; number; open; outlets; overall; patrons; percent; percentages; public; public access; public libraries; quality; rhode; services; south; speed; states; studies; study; sufficient; survey; systems; table; technology; training; virginia; week; west; wireless; workstations cache: ital-3277.pdf plain text: ital-3277.txt item: #434 of 712 id: ital-3278 author: Thornburg, Gail; Oskins, W. Michael title: Misinformation and Bias in Metadata Processing: Matching in Large Databases date: 2007-06-01 words: 8254 flesch: 55 summary: Bias can be defined as factors in the creation or processing of database records that feed on misinformation or missing information, and skew charac­ terizations of the database records in question. This does not involve adding, replacing, or merging database records. keywords: access; analysis; author; bertot; bias; bibliographic; book; cataloging; challenges; changes; chinese; committee; common; comparison; congress; contents; control; copy; copyright; creation; database; description; differences; different; discussion; duplicate; entries; entry; environment; errors; example; explanation; fields; focus; general; goals; group; growth; i1=; i1=”1; i2=; incoming; information; institutions; internet; issues; item; jaeger; joint; june; languages; large; later; legislation; level; libraries; library; marc; matches; matching; materials; mcclure; metadata; misinformation; multiple; names; national; need; new; note; numbers; object; oclc; online; organization; oskins; o’neill; problems; processing; publisher; quality; records; representations; research; retrieval; review; rlin; rules; sa> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # set up path to the internal network from Internet if the # internal network initiated the connection iptables ­A FORWARD ­i eth0 ­o eth1 ­d 10.4.0.0 \ ­m state ­­state ESTABLISHED,RELATED ­j ACCEPT # Same for the Chillispot subnet iptables ­A FORWARD ­i eth0 ­o eth2 ­d 10.5.0.0 \ ­m state ­­state ESTABLISHED,RELATED ­j ACCEPT # allow the internal subnets to communicate with one another iptables ­A FORWARD ­i eth1 ­d 10.5.0.0 ­o eth2 \ ­j ACCEPT iptables ­A FORWARD ­i eth2 ­d 10.4.0.0 ­o eth1 \ ­j ACCEPT # allow subnet containing server 2 to reach the Internet iptables ­A FORWARD ­i eth1 ­o eth0 ­j ACCEPT # Chillispot – accept and forward packets iptables ­A FORWARD ­i eth2 ­s 10.5.3.30 ­j ACCEPT # Set up transparent proxy for wireless network, but allow # connections that go through to the campus network # to bypass proxy iptables ­t nat ­A PREROUTING ­i eth2 ! keywords: /etc; accept; access; access points; address; appendix; aug; available; captive; chillispot; click; configuration; default; dhcp; directory; dns; fedora; file; firmware; forward; hardware; implementation; information; installing; interface; internet; iptables; june; libraries; linksys; machine; necessary; network; nvram; openwrt; page; password; points; portal; proxy; radius; router; server; set; setup; software; sondag; source; squid; ssh; system; technology; tftp; traffic; users; web; wireless cache: ital-3280.pdf plain text: ital-3280.txt item: #437 of 712 id: ital-3281 author: Herrera, Gail title: MetaSearching and Beyond: Implementation Experiences and Advice from an Academic Library date: 2007-06-01 words: 6682 flesch: 59 summary: However, this is the kind of tool to which Web users have become accustomed and certainly seems to fill a need that to date has been lacking where library electronic resources are concerned. n Open Web developments Over the years in implementing new services such as the library Web site, ILLiad, electronic resources, and off­ campus authentication, new services are often adopted at a much faster rate by library users than by library employees. keywords: access; adequacy; approach; articles; authentication; available; box; boxes; catalog; categories; category; databases; default; design; digital; discovery; electronic; example; figure; free; full­text; general; good; google; hits; implementation; important; index; individual; information; interface; issues; keyword; level; libraries; library; mean; metasearch; metasearching; mississippi; need; network; new; number; open; page; patrons; product; proxy; research; resources; response; results; scholar; search; search box; searches; service; simple; site; students; subject; support; table; technical; technology; time; title; tool; university; users; vendor; way; web cache: ital-3281.pdf plain text: ital-3281.txt item: #438 of 712 id: ital-3282 author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie title: President's Column date: 2007-03-01 words: 830 flesch: 42 summary: ALA regularly calls on LITA to provide expertise on developing standards that per­ tain to library technology. As standards proliferate, it becomes more important for LITA to provide educational oppor­ tunities alongside the involvement in the development of these standards that so impact our daily lives. keywords: ala; committee; development; groups; information; intellectual; interest; issues; legislation; libraries; library; lita; national; policy; standards; technology cache: ital-3282.pdf plain text: ital-3282.txt item: #439 of 712 id: ital-3283 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: Reflections on Forty date: 2007-03-01 words: 1160 flesch: 60 summary: Please check all answers that best describe what effect, if any, use of Facebook in the library has had on library services and operations? Therefore third, they were not systems for library users per se. keywords: 40th; articles; computer; editorial; facebook; fred; information; ital; kilgour; libraries; library; lita; operations; readers; services; staff; systems; technology; time; university; volume; years cache: ital-3283.pdf plain text: ital-3283.txt item: #440 of 712 id: ital-3284 author: Shen, Yi title: Information Seeking in Academic Research: A Study of the Sociology Faculty at the University of Wisconsin-Madison date: 2007-03-01 words: 7584 flesch: 43 summary: ■ Information resources Supporting information resources could be divided into internally built university resources and external resources. Results are drawn about the use of information resources and channels to address information inquiry, the strategies for information seeking, and the difficulties encoun- tered in information seeking for academic research in today’s information environment. keywords: abstracts; academic; activities; american; analysis; behavior; certain; channels; colleagues; communication; communities; community; com­; conferences; context; criteria; current; data; department; different; difficulties; electronic; ellis; environment; example; external; e­mail; faculty; field; figure; findings; general; human; information; information resources; information technology; informa­; infor­; inquiry; interaction; internal; internet; interviews; journal; knowledge; learning; libraries; library; lot; major; march; needs; new; online; participants; people; practice; present; process; relevance; research; researchers; resources; results; science; scientific; scientists; seeking; services; shen; sites; situated; social; social scientists; society; specific; strategies; studies; study; survey; system; technology; time; type; university; use; useful; users; way; web; wenger; work cache: ital-3284.pdf plain text: ital-3284.txt item: #441 of 712 id: ital-3285 author: Bertot, John Carlo; McClure, Charles R. title: Assessing Sufficiency and Quality of Bandwidth for Public Libraries date: 2007-03-01 words: 5876 flesch: 43 summary: ±0.6% (n=17) 3.7% ±1.9% (n=275) 2.0% ±1.4% (n=245) 2.7% ±1.6% (n=61) 2.6% ±1.6% (n=5) 2.1% ±1.4% (n=311) 56kbps– 128kbps 2.5% ±1.6% (n=67) 5.4% ±2.3% (n=264) 15.2% ±3.6% (n=1,132) 9.9% ±3.0% (n=1,237) 9.5% ±2.9% (n=216) 5.3% ±2.2% (n=10) 9.8% ±3.0% (n=1,463) 129kbps– 256kbps 2.7% ±1.6% (n=72) 6.8% ±2.5% (n=332) 11.1% ±3.1% (n=829) 8.5% ±2.8% (n=1,067) 7.3% ±2.6% (n=166) - 8.2% ±2.8% (n=1,233) ±2.3% (n=263) 5.7% ±2.3% (n=427) 5.5% ±2.3% (n=685) 2.1% ±1.4% (n=48) 3.5% ±1.8% (n=6) 4.9% keywords: access; article; author; available; average; bandwidth; bertot; broadband; community; connection; connection speeds; connectivity; connec­; context; data; demands; environment; fewer; greater; high; information; infrastructure; internet; issues; libraries; library; local; lt769kbps; management; march; mcclure; metropolitan; needs; networked; number; overall; pac; patron; percent; planning; policy; poverty; provision; public; public libraries; public­access; quality; range; report; resources; rural; services; speeds; status; suburban; sufficient; support; table; technology; telecommunications; time; total; typical; urban; use; users; wireless; workstations cache: ital-3285.pdf plain text: ital-3285.txt item: #442 of 712 id: ital-3286 author: Charnigo, Laurie; Barnett-Ellis, Paula title: Checking Out Facebook.com: The Impact of a Digital Trend on Academic Libraries date: 2007-03-01 words: 8708 flesch: 51 summary: In a Web seminar on issues regarding Facebook use in higher education, Shawn McGuirk, director of Judicial Affairs, Mediation, and Education at Fitchburg State College, Massachusetts, recommends that administrators and others concerned with students posting potentially incriminating, embarrassing, or overtly personal infor­ mation draft a document similar to the one created by Cornell University’s Office of Information Technologies, which advises students on how to safely and responsibly use online social networking sites similar to Facebook.18 After pointing out the positive benefits of Facebook and reassuring students that Cornell University is proud of its liberal policy in not monitoring online social networks, the essay, entitled “Thoughts on Facebook,” provides poignant advice and examples of privacy issues revolv­ ing around Facebook and similar Web sites.19 As of October 2006, the top campaign issues expressed by Facebook users were: reducing the drinking age to eighteen (go figure) and legalization for same­sex marriage. keywords: academic; access; accounts; administrators; alumni; article; authors; awareness; barnett; behavior; business; campus; charnigo; cole; college; communication; community; computers; concerns; dec; directory; education; ellis; enthusiastic; e­mail; facebook; facebook use; faculty; figure; friends; future; group; higher; houston; ibid; impact; individual; information; institutions; interests; internet; issues; jan; jsu; librarians; library; march; members; myspace; networking; networks; new; news; online; online social; patron; percent; personal; perspectives; photos; popular; potential; privacy; profiles; public; public­access; questions; research; respondents; result; scanner; school; science; search; services; similar; site; social; social networks; staff; students; study; sure; survey; technology; time; trends; universities; university; use; users; view; web cache: ital-3286.pdf plain text: ital-3286.txt item: #443 of 712 id: ital-3287 author: Bennett, Michael J. title: OPAC Design Enhancements and Their Effects on Circulation and Resource Sharing within the Library Consortium Environment date: 2007-03-01 words: 6058 flesch: 47 summary: Patron­placed holds (request button placed on C/ W MARS OPAC screens), December 2002 3. C/W MARS participation in the Massachusetts Virtual Catalog (additional button for pass through OPAC searches and requests from C/W MARS catalog into the Massachusetts Virtual Catalog), August 2004 Data from sixteen libraries covering a seven-year period were studied in order to determine the degree to which patrons may or may not utilize increasingly broader OPAC ILL options over time. keywords: academic; activity; analysis; author; bennett; catalog; changes; chart; circulation; comparison; data; design; effect; enhancement; figures; general; holds; hypothesized; ill; ills; increase; information; items; level; libraries; library; longitudinal; march; mars; massachusetts; materials; network; number; online; opac; order; patrons; patron­placed; percent; percentage; period; peters; possible; prior; public; requests; results; sample; search; searches; significant; similar; staff; statistical; study; subject; success; systemwide; table; technology; time; title; total; total circulation; transaction­log; trends; type; university; users; virtual; year cache: ital-3287.pdf plain text: ital-3287.txt item: #444 of 712 id: ital-3288 author: Smith, Adam title: Introducing Zoomify Image date: 2007-03-01 words: 2641 flesch: 47 summary: The author believes that the cur­ rent weak link in the performance chain is related to how Zoomify Image is loading image data into memory with PIL during processing. For versions 2.7.x and up, this is at: /Products/ In Zope versions prior to the 2.7.x series, the Products directory is at: /lib/python/ Products/ Restart Zope and now within the Web­based Zope Management Interface (ZMI), the ability to add Zoomify Image objects appears. keywords: application; author; browser; client; conversion; cross­platform; data; directory; distribution; example; file; flash; image; jan; libraries; library; method; new; object; pil; process; processing; products; python; server; smith; software; source; tag; tiles; tion; use; versions; view; web; zoomify; zoomifyer; zope cache: ital-3288.pdf plain text: ital-3288.txt item: #445 of 712 id: ital-3323 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: I Keep My Eyes Wide Open All the Time date: 2006-03-01 words: 1009 flesch: -901 summary: ITAL_24n4p3 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3323.pdf plain text: ital-3323.txt item: #446 of 712 id: ital-3324 author: Byrum Jr., John D.; Williamson, David W. title: Enriching Traditional Cataloging for Improved Access to Information:Library of Congress Tables of Contents Projects date: 2006-03-01 words: 5701 flesch: -5664 summary: ITAL_24n4.pdf ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3324.pdf plain text: ital-3324.txt item: #447 of 712 id: ital-3325 author: Harpel-Burk, Pamela title: Medium-sized Universities Connect to Their Libraries: Links on University Home Pages and User Group Pages date: 2006-03-01 words: 8519 flesch: -8524 summary: ITAL_24n4p12-23 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3325.pdf plain text: ital-3325.txt item: #448 of 712 id: ital-3326 author: Sing, Jay; Brar, Navjit; Fong, Carmen title: The State of RFID Applications in Libraries date: 2006-03-01 words: 4731 flesch: -4679 summary: ITAL_24n4p24-32 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3326.pdf plain text: ital-3326.txt item: #449 of 712 id: ital-3327 author: Chawner, Brenda; Lewis, Paul H. title: WikiWikiWebs: New Ways to Communicate in a Web Environment date: 2006-03-01 words: 158 flesch: 23 summary: WikiWikiWebs: New Ways to Communicate in a Web Environment Chawner, Brenda;Lewis, Paul H Information Technology and Libraries; Mar 2006; 25, 1; ProQuest Education Journals pg. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. keywords: owner; permission cache: ital-3327.pdf plain text: ital-3327.txt item: #450 of 712 id: ital-3328 author: Herrero-Solano, Victor; Moya-Anegon, Felix; Guerrero-Bote, Vicente; Zapico-Alonso, Felipe title: Graphical Table of Contents for Library Collections: The Application of Universal Decimal Classification Codes to Subject Maps date: 2006-03-01 words: 91 flesch: 24 summary: Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. keywords: owner; permission cache: ital-3328.pdf plain text: ital-3328.txt item: #451 of 712 id: ital-3329 author: Mullin, Patrick title: President's Column date: 2006-06-01 words: 857 flesch: 71 summary: Someone (who, I don’t remember; I’d gladly attribute the quote if I did) once told me that library automation began with the electric eraser. Any technology organization that has been in existence for forty or more years has seen a lot of changes and adapted over time to a new environment and new technologies. keywords: association; automation; digital; information; library; lita; need; new; services; systems; technology; users; years cache: ital-3329.pdf plain text: ital-3329.txt item: #452 of 712 id: ital-3330 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: LITA and ITAL: Forty and Still Counting date: 2006-06-01 words: 949 flesch: 53 summary: The electronic copy will be available to LITA members and ITAL subscribers on the ALA/LITA Web site. In two surveys in the past ten years, LITA members have indicated they considered ITAL to be their most important membership benefit. keywords: ala; articles; authors; board; editorial; electronic; information; issue; ital; library; lita; members; open; site; technology cache: ital-3330.pdf plain text: ital-3330.txt item: #453 of 712 id: ital-3331 author: Pomerantz, Jeffrey title: Google Scholar and 100 Percent Availability of Information date: 2006-06-01 words: 4614 flesch: 50 summary: Rather than providing instruction to users on simply using search engines, librarians may now assume that some percentage of library users possess this skill, and may focus on teaching higher-level infor- mation-literacy skills to users (www.ala.org/ala/acrl/ acrlstandards/informationliteracycompetency.htm). ■ Conclusion Google Scholar is the topic of a great deal of debate, both in the library arena and elsewhere.21 Unlike union catalogs and many other online resources used in librar- ies, it is unknown what materials are included in Google Scholar, since as of this writing Google has not released information about which publishers, titles, and dates are indexed.22 Google is known to engage in self-censor- ship—or self-filtering, depending on what coverage one reads—and so potentially conflicts with the American Library Association’s Freedom to Read Statement (www .ala.org/ala/oif/statementspols/ftrstatement/freedom readstatement.htm).23 Google is a commercial entity and, as such, a primary motivation of Google must be profit, and only secondarily, meeting the information needs of library users. keywords: access; american; apr; author; availability; available; carolina; catalog; database; electronic; engine; frederick; goal; google; google scholar; information; internet; journal; kilgour; librarian; libraries; library; life; materials; means; new; north; online; percent; physical; questions; reference; resources; retrieval; scholar; scholarly; science; search; self; service; shared; subscriptions; technology; text; tools; union; users; web cache: ital-3331.pdf plain text: ital-3331.txt item: #454 of 712 id: ital-3332 author: Wusteman, Judith; O'hlceadha, Padraig title: Using Ajax to Empower Dynamic Searchinb date: 2006-06-01 words: 5498 flesch: 60 summary: This is used in the display of search results in OJAX, as illustrated in figure 4. Display of search results and dynamic information panel 62 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2006 figure 4, the information panel indicates that there are 4,678 results for this particular search and that the cur- rent scroll position is at result number 386. keywords: advanced; ajax; apache; applications; approach; apr; auto; available; browser; button; client; completion; data; database; desktop; development; display; dynamic; engine; entire; example; feature; feedback; field; figure; functionality; google; gui; html; implementation; information; interface; javascript; language; libraries; library; list; metadata; metasearch; need; new; nov; number; ojax; open; options; order; page; resource; response; results; search; searching; server; services; simple; technology; term; time; user; web; wusteman; xml cache: ital-3332.pdf plain text: ital-3332.txt item: #455 of 712 id: ital-3333 author: Brenner, Michaela; Larsen, Tom; Weston, Claudia title: Digital Collection Management through the Library Catalog date: 2006-06-01 words: 4397 flesch: 42 summary: These collection-level records can then in turn be linked to finding aids that describe the collections more fully.14 Collection-level records often are used in libraries where library resources may be insufficient for cataloging large collections of materials at the item level.15 The guidelines for collec- tion-level records in APPM and DACS, however, allow for additional fields that are not ordinarily used in library bibliographic records. Resource records with their corresponding item-level records for Trimet, the City Archives, and Metro fol- lowed. keywords: access; aid; american; archival; archives; archivists; arrangement; bibliographic; bibliographic records; brenner; catalog; cataloging; collection; community; data; description; digital; digitized; documents; electronic; erm; figure; finding; hierarchical; holdings; individual; information; items; larsen; level; libraries; library; management; marc; materials; online; opac; particular; portland; psu; records; resource; society; standard; system; title; traditional; unit; university; web; weston cache: ital-3333.pdf plain text: ital-3333.txt item: #456 of 712 id: ital-3334 author: Kerchner, Marcia D. title: A Dynamic Methodology for Improving the Search Experience date: 2006-06-01 words: 6849 flesch: 44 summary: Frequency of visits to IRS.gov First time Every six months or less About once a month About once a week Daily More than once a day Site visitor 29% 34% 13% 13% 7% 4% Search user 26% 34% 14% 14% 7% 5% ARTICLE TITLE Optimizing search results without considering the rest of the search experience and without considering user behavior is missing an opportunity to further improve user success. keywords: 1040ez; approach; april; behavior; business; common; contacts; content; desk; different; document; dynamic; engine; engineering; enhancement; evaluation; example; experience; feedback; forms; general; help; improved; improvement; information; instructions; irs.gov; kerchner; metadata; methodology; needs; new; number; owners; page; paper; percent; precision; problems; process; quality; queries; query; recall; relevance; relevant; reports; results; retrieval; review; satisfaction; science; search; search experience; search results; site; space; specific; step; table; tax; technology; terms; time; title; tools; total; understanding; usability; usage; users; visitors; web cache: ital-3334.pdf plain text: ital-3334.txt item: #457 of 712 id: ital-3335 author: Wan, Gang title: Visualizations for Digital Libraries date: 2006-06-01 words: 4424 flesch: 51 summary: A good understanding of user tasks is the founda- tion of designing useful visualizations. According to Shiaw et al., a usability test has been ad- ministered, in which tasks based on archaeology courses were designed and subjects were asked to perform these tasks in the original traditional digital library and this 3D museum.21 keywords: acm; activegraph; applications; aquabrowser; author; borner; classification; data; digital; digital libraries; display; documents; environment; et al; example; figure; good; images; information; interface; june; libraries; library; lvis; metaphor; museum; navigation; new; page; paper; plot; query; results; scatter; screen; search; searching; semantic; set; size; space; system; tasks; techniques; tool; treemaps; user; vase; view; virtual; visualization; web; york cache: ital-3335.pdf plain text: ital-3335.txt item: #458 of 712 id: ital-3337 author: MacPherson, Deborah L. title: Digitizing the Non-Digital: Creating a Global Context for Events, Artifacts, Ideas, and Information date: 2006-06-01 words: 5620 flesch: 46 summary: If digital information is reliable, someone in a remote place or in the future should not need to collect the same information again or unintentionally retrieve out-of-date or duplicate results. In today’s frantic information overload, we should not forget that digital information—and even cold, hard, raw data—is more than ones and zeros. keywords: able; apr; archives; artifacts; association; author; best; cdt; collections; computers; context; data; david; different; digital; document; domain; events; example; expertise; figure; future; global; group; history; humanity; ideas; images; information; internet; june; keeping; knowledge; libraries; macpherson; map; mathematical; model; need; networks; new; non; online; original; paintings; paper; paths; people; place; project; publications; records; relationships; reliable; research; resources; results; set; shared; similar; system; techniques; technology; time; today; tools; topologies; visual; ways; web; words; work; world cache: ital-3337.pdf plain text: ital-3337.txt item: #459 of 712 id: ital-3338 author: Nicholson, Scott title: Writing Your First Scholarly Article: A Guide for Budding Authors in Librarianship date: 2006-06-01 words: 2905 flesch: 67 summary: The best way to start writing is to read other articles! Your article should match the length and tone of other articles in that journal. keywords: appropriate; article; authors; changes; citation; comments; copy; different; editor; funding; information; journal; libraries; library; literature; months; piece; plan; process; research; review; scholarly; scholarship; time; useful; way; web; work; writing cache: ital-3338.pdf plain text: ital-3338.txt item: #460 of 712 id: ital-3339 author: Shapiro, Debra title: Strategic Planning and Management for Library Managers date: 2006-06-01 words: 588 flesch: 51 summary: Matthews’s book attempts to provide information on how to explore strat- egies; demystify false impressions about strategies; how strategies play a role in the planning and delivery of library services; broad categories of library strategies that can be used; and identification of new ways to communicate the impact of strategies to patrons. Strategic planning is one of those duties assigned to library managers and leaders that often get pushed to the lowest-priority list, mainly because there are few guide- lines and handbooks available in this area. keywords: book; chapters; information; libraries; library; management; managers; planning; school; section; strategic cache: ital-3339.pdf plain text: ital-3339.txt item: #461 of 712 id: ital-3340 author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie title: President's Column date: 2006-09-01 words: 911 flesch: 53 summary: For forty years now, LITA members have been dedicated to the association’s work, and we have been celebrating our fortieth anniversary throughout 2006. LITA bloggers will be out in force producing summaries and reactions to it all. keywords: conferences; educational; forum; information; ital; journal; library; lita; members; national; president; programming; programs; trends; year cache: ital-3340.pdf plain text: ital-3340.txt item: #462 of 712 id: ital-3341 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: A Confession, a Speculation, and a Farewell date: 2006-09-01 words: 903 flesch: 53 summary: **** July 1, 2006 marked the merger of RLG and OCLC. Jay Jordan, president and CEO, OCLC, remarked: “We have worked cooperatively with RLG on a variety of projects over the years. keywords: authors; board; collision; dean; editorial; libraries; library; merger; new; oclc; president; problems; rfid; rlg; security; university cache: ital-3341.pdf plain text: ital-3341.txt item: #463 of 712 id: ital-3342 author: Antelman, Kristen; Lynema, Emily; Pace, Andrew K. title: Toward a Twenty-First Century Catalog date: 2006-09-01 words: 8883 flesch: 52 summary: TOWARD A TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY LIBRARY CATALOG | ANTELMAN, LYNEMA, AND PACE 135 Usability testing As a result of a long history of catalog-usability studies, there are things that are known about library catalog users. The unprecedented nature of using this particular set of tools to define relevance algorithms in library catalogs meant that the initial configuration required a best guess approach. keywords: access; advanced; american; antelman; application; approach; authority; available; bates; bibliographic; books; boolean; browse; browsing; card; catalog; century; classification; clustering; congress; correction; data; database; design; dimensions; display; endeca; endeca catalog; entry; faceted; features; fields; figure; functionality; generation; headings; implementation; index; information; interface; item; journal; keyword; larson; lcsh; libraries; library; library catalog; lynema; marc; navigation; ncsu; new; number; old; online; option; order; pace; page; participants; percent; possible; problem; process; queries; query; ranking; record; relevance; relevant; research; resources; results; retrieval; science; search; searches; searching; second; set; society; software; sort; spell; subject; systems; task; team; technique; technology; terms; test; testing; time; title; topical; usability; users; vocabulary; web2; work cache: ital-3342.pdf plain text: ital-3342.txt item: #464 of 712 id: ital-3344 author: Bailey Jr., Charles W. title: Strong Copyright + DRM + Weak Net Neutrality = Digital Dystopia? date: 2006-09-01 words: 10742 flesch: 52 summary: Or—in light of the unprecedented transformational power of these tools to create new digital works, and their widespread use both within libraries and on campus—do academic libraries bear heavier responsibilities regarding copyright compli- ance, permission-seeking, and education? In 2006, ฀ virtually every type of work imaginable is under automatic copyright protection for extended periods of time; ฀ private use of digital works is increasingly visible and of concern to copyright holders; ฀ the public domain is endangered; and ฀ ordinary citizens are being prosecuted as “pirates” under draconian statutory and criminal penalties. keywords: ability; access; act; american; analog; applications; article; association; author; bailey; balance; bandwidth; bill; book; broadband; broadcast; business; cable; case; certain; change; citizens; civil; commercial; commons; companies; complex; congress; content; control; copyright; copyright law; creative; criminal; culture; current; derivative; digital; digital content; digital information; digital rights; digital works; distribution; domain; drm; duration; dystopia; electronic; entertainment; example; fair; fees; free; future; godwin; guide; hardware; high; ibid; important; industry; information; intellectual; interests; internet; issues; journal; lane; large; law; laws; legal; lessig; libraries; library; licenses; local; management; materials; media; music; network; neutrality; new; open; owners; paper; penalties; permission; personal; print; process; professor; progress; property; public; publishers; purpose; research; rights; september; services; similar; simple; software; specific; speed; states; story; strategies; system; technologies; technology; telecommunications; television; term; time; traffic; types; u.s; university; use; useful; users; video; view; washington; works; years; york cache: ital-3344.pdf plain text: ital-3344.txt item: #465 of 712 id: ital-3345 author: Fagan, Jody Condit title: Usability Testing of a Large, Multidisciplinary Library Database: Basic Search and Visual Search date: 2006-09-01 words: 7272 flesch: 62 summary: For the student in Group 8, Basic Search seemed to orient him to the goal of finding results, while Visual Search sup- ported a more exploratory approach. The students were also asked to describe two scenarios, one in which they would use Basic Search and one in which they would use Visual Search. keywords: analysis; apr; article; basic; basic search; behavior; better; box; database; digital; ebsco; ebscohost; engine; fagan; figure; filter; finding; folder; function; general; groups; groxis; hand; information; interest; interface; jmu; large; libraries; library; limit; list; multidisciplinary; narrow; new; number; page; panel; participants; past; refine; research; results; save; search; searching; sessions; set; students; study; subtopics; task; technology; test; testing; text; time; titles; topic; university; usability; use; users; view; visual; visual search; web cache: ital-3345.pdf plain text: ital-3345.txt item: #466 of 712 id: ital-3346 author: LeVan, Ralph title: OpenSearch and SRU: A Continuum of Searching date: 2006-09-01 words: 2464 flesch: 64 summary: Metasearch engines, such as A9 and Vivísimo, are search engines that take a user’s query, send it to other search engines, and integrate the responses.1 Levan OPENSEARCH AND SRU | LEVAN 151 Not all library content can be exposed as HTML pages for harvesting by search engines such as Google and Yahoo!. keywords: content; engine; functionality; html; level; library; local; local search; metasearch; metasearch engine; mxg; opensearch; protocols; provider; query; record; response; search; search engine; sru; support; users; xml cache: ital-3346.pdf plain text: ital-3346.txt item: #467 of 712 id: ital-3347 author: Cheery, Joan M.; Muter, Paul; Szigeti, Steve J. title: Bibliographic Displays in Web Catalogs: Does Conformity to Design Guidelines Correlate with User Performance? date: 2006-09-01 words: 6193 flesch: 52 summary: Row 1 of table 1 contains correlations between the total guidelines score and response times; Column 1 contains correlations between All Tasks (the sum of the five response times) and guidelines scores. Row 1 of table 2 contains correlations between the total guidelines score and response times; column 1 contains correlations between All Tasks (the sum of the five response times) and guidelines scores. keywords: authors; bibliographic; bibliographic displays; catalogs; checklist; cherry; computer; conformity; correlation; department; design; design guidelines; displays; d’angelo; evaluators; example; figure; guidelines; health; higher; human; information; interactions; interface; international; libraries; main; muter; number; order; organization; overall; participants; percent; performance; plot; present; questions; research; response; scatter; score; screen; search; services; set; slower; studies; study; supplementary; table; tasks; technology; text; time; title; total; usability; user; variable; web; work cache: ital-3347.pdf plain text: ital-3347.txt item: #468 of 712 id: ital-3348 author: Manzari, Laura; Trinidad-Christensen, Jeremiah title: User-Centered Design of a Web Site for Library and Information Science Students: Heuristic Evaluation and Usability Testing date: 2006-09-01 words: 5102 flesch: 54 summary: They developed the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines for making Web sites accessible to people with disabilities.8 Although articles have been written about usability testing of academic library Web sites, very little has been written about usability testing of special-collection Web sites for distinct user populations within larger academic settings.9 ฀ Heuristic evaluation methodology Heuristic evaluation is a usability engineering method in which a small set of expert evaluators examine a user interface for design problems by judging its compliance with a set of recognized usability principles or heuristics. Recommendations for design of Web-based services for library patrons from LIS programs are dis- cussed, as well as implications for Web sites for special libraries within larger academic library settings. keywords: able; academic; access; campus; databases; design; different; evaluation; evaluators; heuristic; home; information; jake; jakob; journal; layout; libraries; library; library web; link; lis; lis library; lis web; main; main library; manzari; menu; new; nielsen; online; options; page; palmer; principles; problems; product; redesign; school; science; services; site; students; study; subjects; suggestions; system; task; testing; text; university; usability; users; w3c; web; web site; york cache: ital-3348.pdf plain text: ital-3348.txt item: #469 of 712 id: ital-3349 author: Salazar, Ed title: Content Management for the Virtual Library date: 2006-09-01 words: 3306 flesch: 53 summary: One such technology significantly improving the overall useful- ness of Web sites is a content management system (CMS). 4 Web site management, as expected, becomes cumbersome when a site exceeds two hundred or more static pages and a clear and structured system is not in place to maintain a proliferating number of Web pages. keywords: academic; admin; asp; cms; code; complete; content; creation; database; design; distance; edit; education; elrc; feb; figure; group; iframe; information; interdev; jspell; layout; libraries; library; management; ncu; needs; new; open; pages; patrons; public; resources; salazar; server; site; smaller; software; static; students; system; technology; templates; university; usability; virtual; visual; web cache: ital-3349.pdf plain text: ital-3349.txt item: #470 of 712 id: ital-3350 author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie title: President's Column date: 2006-12-01 words: 861 flesch: 60 summary: LITA members are often cutting- edge, applying new technologies to solve problems or to provide better solutions and services. I have been working with that group to identify new modes of deliver- ing our programs and to ensure that they maintain their relevancy to LITA members. keywords: ala; board; leaders; leadership; lita; members; new; organization; people; president; program; servant; visionary cache: ital-3350.pdf plain text: ital-3350.txt item: #471 of 712 id: ital-3351 author: Hirst, Donna title: Guest Editorial: Organizational Structure--Yesterday Informs the Present date: 2006-12-01 words: 885 flesch: 55 summary: ■ ELUNA emerges The new Ex Libris users’ organization, ELUNA, is com- posed of the steering committee, product groups (PGs), and interest groups (IGs). was the estab- lishment and encouragement of interest groups, which were intended to reflect topics of current interest to members and to have a structure which allows for easy creation and easy elimination as interests and technology change. keywords: change; committee; editorial; eluna; groups; igs; interest; libris; lita; new; open; organization; steering; structure; technology cache: ital-3351.pdf plain text: ital-3351.txt item: #472 of 712 id: ital-3352 author: Buckland, Michael; Chen, Aitao; Gey, Fredric C.; Larson, Ray R. title: Search across Different Media: Numeric Data Sets and Text Files date: 2006-12-01 words: 6082 flesch: 48 summary: Therefore, attention was turned to a collection of different numeric data sets available through a single interface, Counting California, made available by California Digital Library at http://countingcalifornia.cdlib.org. A list of captions of numeric tables ranked by rel- evance score to the query. keywords: access; association; authors; available; buckland; california; catalog; categories; chen; classification; content; data; database; different; different media; digital; evi; example; figure; forms; gey; headings; income; index; information; july; language; larson; lcsh; libraries; library; list; mapping; media; metadata; michael; names; natural; number; numeric; numeric data; personal; place; query; ranked; records; resources; retrieval; search; searcher; searching; series; sets; socioeconomic; statistics; subject; summary; support; system; table; tax; technology; terms; text; textual; time; title; topic; topical; type; u.s; use; vocabularies; vocabulary; words cache: ital-3352.pdf plain text: ital-3352.txt item: #473 of 712 id: ital-3353 author: Mitchell, Steve title: Machine Assistance in Collection Building: New Tools, Research, Issues, and Reflections date: 2006-12-01 words: 20648 flesch: 32 summary: The revolutions coming in computing power together with the low cost of this power—which will be almost ubiquitously distributed among users of library collections and services—promise much more change than libraries have seen in the last decade. How will this new capability for breadth and depth be defined and used in library collections? keywords: academic; access; accuracy; accurate; acm; addition; advances; algorithms; application; approaches; appropriate; areas; article; artificial; assistance; associated; association; author; automated; available; best; better; bibliographic; building; california; capabilities; catalog; challenges; change; classification; classifiers; collection; collection building; commercial; communities; community; computer; conference; congress; content; core; crawler; crawling; current; data; data fountains; data mining; database; ddc; december; degree; description; development; different; digital; directions; discovery; distributed; document; effort; end; et al; example; expert; expertise; extraction; fields; finding; focused; fountains; general; generation; google; harvest; help; high; http://; http://www; hybrid; identification; important; improved; individual; infomine; information; institutions; intelligence; interactive; interest; international; internet; involved; ipdvlc; issues; ivia; knowledge; labor; language; large; lcc; lcsh; learning; level; librarian; libraries; library; library collections; library community; like; links; logistic; long; machine; machine assistance; machine learning; major; making; management; mass; means; metadata; methods; mining; mitchell; models; multiple; natural; needs; new; number; object; oclc; oct; open; organizations; pages; papers; performance; possible; practical; press; proceedings; processes; processing; products; projects; promising; public; quality; records; regard; regression; related; report; research; researchers; resource; results; retrieval; rich; rich text; roles; scale; schema; science; searching; semi; services; set; significant; sites; small; software; specific; springer; standards; subject; support; survey; svm; systems; tasks; technical; techniques; technologies; technology; terminology; terms; text; time; tools; topic; training; types; units; university; usage; useful; user; value; virtual; vocabularies; vocabulary; ways; web; work; workshop; years; york cache: ital-3353.pdf plain text: ital-3353.txt item: #474 of 712 id: ital-3354 author: Peterson, Kate title: Academic Web Site Design and Academic Templates: Where Does the Library Fit In? date: 2006-12-01 words: 3420 flesch: 55 summary: Another drawback to using academic templates for library Web sites can be the time involved in training librar- ians, staff, and library Web site administrators. ■ Problems with academictemplates on library Web sites The primary concern with any template is how much space is available for content. keywords: academic; academic template; academic web; actual; administrators; average; campus; catalog; colleges; content; design; designers; different; doctoral; example; home; important; information; institutions; libraries; library; library web; links; majority; management; navigation; new; number; pages; parts; percent; research; site; staff; students; template; total; universities; university; usability; use; users; web; web site; wide cache: ital-3354.pdf plain text: ital-3354.txt item: #475 of 712 id: ital-3355 author: Thompson, Samuel T. C. title: Helping the Hacker? Library Information, Security, and Social Engineering date: 2006-12-01 words: 3015 flesch: 61 summary: Impersonation Because forming trust relationships with their victims is critical to a social- engineering attack, it is not surprising that social engineers often pretend to be someone or something that they are not. Research To establish trust in their victims, social engineers use research as a tool. keywords: access; card; computer; desk; engineering; good; hacker; help; information; libraries; library; manipulation; method; needs; network; number; password; patron; personnel; phone; policy; problem; public; reference; research; security; social; sure; system; technical; trust; use; victim; vulnerable cache: ital-3355.pdf plain text: ital-3355.txt item: #476 of 712 id: ital-3356 author: Riggs, Colby Mariva title: President's Column date: 2005-03-01 words: 1408 flesch: 61 summary: As LITA president, I plan to concentrate my efforts on con- tinuing to capitalize on the association’s many strengths. Presidents It is with great pleasure that I bring you greetings as your LITA president. keywords: activities; ala; books; conference; dec; forum; great; information; libraries; lita; meeting; members; national; new; online; planning; president; products; services; sessions; site; strategic; technology; value; web; year cache: ital-3356.pdf plain text: ital-3356.txt item: #477 of 712 id: ital-3357 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: First Have Something to Say date: 2005-03-01 words: 1431 flesch: 57 summary: In 1978 ISAD became LITA, and in 1982, the journal title was changed to reflect the expanding role of information tech- nology in libraries, an expansion that continues to accel- erate so that ITAL is no longer the only professional journal within ALA whose pages are now dominated by our accelerating use of information technologies as tools to manage the services we provide our users and as tools we use ourselves to accomplish our daily duties. I hope to publish more articles on the management of information technologies. keywords: articles; course; editorial; forum; goals; information; ital; journal; libraries; library; lita; manuscripts; members; network; number; readers; research; technologies; technology; users cache: ital-3357.pdf plain text: ital-3357.txt item: #478 of 712 id: ital-3358 author: Hutchinson, Hilary Browne; Rose, Anne; Bederson, Benjamin B.; Weeks, Ann Carlson; Druin, Allison title: The International Children’s Digital Library: A Case Study in Designing for a Multilingual, Multicultural, Multigenerational Audience date: 2005-03-01 words: 6422 flesch: 48 summary: Since many contributors do not have the time or ability to provide all of this informa- tion, volunteers who speak different languages are relied on to check the metadata that get submitted, and translate or transliterate them as necessary. However, both the Web site and the database had to be internationalized and localized to separate the template for metadata pres- entation from the content in different languages. keywords: advanced; association; audience; available; books; character; children; collection; computer; computing; content; contributors; countries; cultural; culture; design; development; different; digital; digital library; druin; english; figure; fonts; help; icdl; information; interface; international; internet; issues; japanese; java; languages; libraries; library; machinery; march; members; metadata; multicultural; multilingual; native; necessary; new; online; operating; proceedings; project; research; result; right; science; set; site; software; stage; systems; team; technology; text; unicode; users; volunteers; web; weeks; work; world; york cache: ital-3358.pdf plain text: ital-3358.txt item: #479 of 712 id: ital-3359 author: Barnett-Ellis, Paula; Charnigo, Laurie title: Wireless Networks in Medium-sized Academic Libraries: A National Survey date: 2005-03-01 words: 5772 flesch: 58 summary: A concern about offering wireless network access in the library is how library staff will be prepared to handle the flood of technical questions that are likely to ensue. Results indicate that wireless networks are already available in many medium-sized academic libraries and that respondents from these institutions feel this technology is beneficial. keywords: academic; access; areas; authentication; available; benefits; building; center; checkout; computer; cost; faculty; help; implementation; information; institutions; instruction; laptops; libraries; library; majority; medium; months; network; networking; number; outside; patrons; percent; planning; problems; research; respondents; responses; security; services; site; sized; staff; students; study; support; survey; table; technical; technology; total; type; use; users; wired; wireless; wireless access; wireless network; years cache: ital-3359.pdf plain text: ital-3359.txt item: #480 of 712 id: ital-3360 author: Roel, Eulalia title: The MOSC Project: Using the OAI-PMH to Bridge Metadata Cultural Differences across Museums, Archives, and Libraries date: 2005-03-01 words: 1831 flesch: 41 summary: The challenge of such a system is that for such metadata records to interoperate within a shared database and through a common interface (for example, the traditional union catalog), the metadata fields have been quite rigidly defined compared to those within archival and museum environments. Content contextualization is highly valued by archival metadata practices and culture as the central tenet of metadata creation. keywords: archival; archives; center; collaboration; collection; culture; description; information; initiative; libraries; library; metadata; mosc; museum; music; oai; objects; pmh; practices; project; protocol; sept; site; social; web cache: ital-3360.pdf plain text: ital-3360.txt item: #481 of 712 id: ital-3361 author: Gall, James E. title: Dispelling Five Myths about E-books date: 2005-03-01 words: 6350 flesch: 59 summary: Rather than fixate on the pros and cons of current ver- sions of e-book technology, it is important for librarians to stay engaged and help clarify the role of digital docu- ments in the modern library. The main focus of this article is the role of e-book technologies in libraries. keywords: access; article; author; available; best; book; book technology; collections; common; computer; concept; consumer; content; cost; critical; current; dec; dedicated; demand; device; digital; dispelling; documents; electronic; equipment; film; formats; forms; forum; free; functionality; future; gall; great; gutenberg; high; history; important; industry; information; issues; journal; libraries; library; lita; materials; media; medium; members; myths; national; need; nelson; new; number; online; page; particular; percent; potential; press; print; public; publishers; publishing; readers; reading; role; set; short; site; software; stephen; success; survey; system; technologies; technology; texts; time; today; traditional; university; use; view; way; web; word; work; year cache: ital-3361.pdf plain text: ital-3361.txt item: #482 of 712 id: ital-3362 author: Mitchell, Gregory A. title: Distinctive Expertise: Multimedia, the Library, and the Term Paper of the Future date: 2005-03-01 words: 3664 flesch: 55 summary: The fol- lowing factors have fostered advances in multimedia: � increase in processing power and decrease in cost of computer hardware; � quality and affordability of video equipment; � compression of multimedia files; � consumer broadband Internet access; and � current multimedia editing software The first two technology factors concern the equip- ment involved in multimedia production. The appendix offers a list of multimedia Web sites to consider. keywords: access; american; audio; author; available; campus; communication; cost; creation; digital; editing; equipment; example; expertise; faculty; figure; file; future; good; graphics; information; inputs; instruction; lab; libraries; library; mitchell; multimedia; need; new; paper; presentation; process; production; projects; research; service; small; software; students; studio; technology; texas; university; use; user; variety; video; web; workstation cache: ital-3362.pdf plain text: ital-3362.txt item: #483 of 712 id: ital-3363 author: Singh, Anil title: Design and Development of a Himalayan Studies Information System for India: A Proposed Model date: 2005-03-01 words: 5056 flesch: 20 summary: There is the shift of information resources from print to electronic media, the shift in the role of information providers from passive to proactive, and the shift from manual to auto- mated information delivery. It is only through a network of all these information centers that some viable control of Himalayan information is feasible, not only at a local level, but also at the national and international level, to ensure effective use of information resources to the best advantage at a minimum cost. keywords: access; activities; agricultural; areas; centers; communication; computer; conference; consortium; dehradun; delhi; design; development; digital; digitization; eds; electronic; environment; figure; garhwal; gateway; government; himalayan; himalayan information; himalayan research; himalayan studies; himis; icar; india; information; information centers; information system; institute; institutions; international; journals; level; libraries; library; march; nainital; national; national information; need; network; networking; new; objectives; organization; papers; policy; proceedings; regional; reports; research; resources; right; science; scientific; scientists; services; sharing; singh; social; studies; studies information; study; subject; system; technology; time; universities; university; users cache: ital-3363.pdf plain text: ital-3363.txt item: #484 of 712 id: ital-3364 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: Editor Sings the Blues date: 2005-06-01 words: 901 flesch: -792 summary: Editorial ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3364.pdf plain text: ital-3364.txt item: #485 of 712 id: ital-3365 author: Jeng, Judy title: What Is Usability in the Context of the Digital Library and How Can It Be Measured date: 2005-06-01 words: 6440 flesch: -6414 summary: Jeng ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3365.pdf plain text: ital-3365.txt item: #486 of 712 id: ital-3366 author: Jaeger, Paul T.; McClure, Charles R.; Bertot, John Carlo title: The E-rate Program and Libraries and Library Consortia, 2000-2004: Trends and Issues date: 2005-06-01 words: 7227 flesch: -7213 summary: Jaeger ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3366.pdf plain text: ital-3366.txt item: #487 of 712 id: ital-3367 author: Jin, Qiang title: Is the Current Way of Constructing Corporate Authority Records Still Useful? date: 2005-06-01 words: 6002 flesch: -5969 summary: Jin ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3367.pdf plain text: ital-3367.txt item: #488 of 712 id: ital-3368 author: Yee, Martha M. title: FRBRization: A Method for Turning Online Public Findings Lists into Online Public Catalogs date: 2005-06-01 words: 13101 flesch: -13175 summary: Yee ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3368.pdf plain text: ital-3368.txt item: #489 of 712 id: ital-3369 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: Bottom Tech Trends date: 2005-09-01 words: 912 flesch: -803 summary: Editorial ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3369.pdf plain text: ital-3369.txt item: #490 of 712 id: ital-3370 author: Starr, Joan title: Design Considerations for Multilingual Web Sites date: 2005-09-01 words: 7150 flesch: -7135 summary: Starr ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3370.pdf plain text: ital-3370.txt item: #491 of 712 id: ital-3371 author: McCrory, Amy; Russell, Beth M. title: Crosswalking EAD: Collaboration in Archival Description date: 2005-09-01 words: 4950 flesch: -4902 summary: McCrory ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3371.pdf plain text: ital-3371.txt item: #492 of 712 id: ital-3372 author: Farrell, Katharine Treptow; Lute, Janet E. title: Document-Management Technology and Acquisitions Workflow: A Case Study in Invoice Processing date: 2005-09-01 words: 3790 flesch: -3724 summary: Farrell ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3372.pdf plain text: ital-3372.txt item: #493 of 712 id: ital-3373 author: Kruger, Hilda title: I, Librarian date: 2005-09-01 words: 4895 flesch: -4846 summary: Kruger ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3373.pdf plain text: ital-3373.txt item: #494 of 712 id: ital-3374 author: Liu, Jyi-Shane; Tseng, Mu-Hsi; Huang, Tze-Kai title: Building Digital Heritage with Teamwork Empowerment date: 2005-09-01 words: 5706 flesch: -5669 summary: Liu ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3374.pdf plain text: ital-3374.txt item: #495 of 712 id: ital-3375 author: Shires, Nancy P. title: To the Benefit of Both: Academic Librarians Connect with Middle School Teachers through a Digitized History Resources Workshop date: 2005-09-01 words: 7132 flesch: -7116 summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3375.pdf plain text: ital-3375.txt item: #496 of 712 id: ital-3376 author: Zhang, Ying; Bishop, Corinne title: Project-Management Tools for Libraries: A Planning and Implementation Model Using Microsoft Project 2000 date: 2005-09-01 words: 7132 flesch: -7116 summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3376.pdf plain text: ital-3376.txt item: #497 of 712 id: ital-3377 author: Mullin, Patrick J. title: President's Column date: 2005-12-01 words: 777 flesch: -666 summary: Presidents ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3377.pdf plain text: ital-3377.txt item: #498 of 712 id: ital-3378 author: Yiotis, Kristin title: The Open Access Initiative: A New Paradigm for Scholarly Communications date: 2005-12-01 words: 4206 flesch: -4146 summary: Yiotis ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3378.pdf plain text: ital-3378.txt item: #499 of 712 id: ital-3379 author: Webb, John title: Editorial: Information Technology Dissonance date: 2005-12-01 words: 795 flesch: -685 summary: Editorial ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3379.pdf plain text: ital-3379.txt item: #500 of 712 id: ital-3380 author: Tull, Laura title: Electronic Resources and Web Sites: Replacing a Back-end Database with Innovative's Electronic Resource Management date: 2005-12-01 words: 4735 flesch: -4683 summary: Tull ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3380.pdf plain text: ital-3380.txt item: #501 of 712 id: ital-3381 author: Aliprand, Joan M. title: The Structure and Content of MARC 21 Records in the Unicode Environment date: 2005-12-01 words: 6566 flesch: -6542 summary: Aliprand ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3381.pdf plain text: ital-3381.txt item: #502 of 712 id: ital-3382 author: Zumalt, Joseph R. title: Voice Recognition Technology: Has It Come of Age? date: 2005-12-01 words: 4243 flesch: -4184 summary: Zumalt ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3382.pdf plain text: ital-3382.txt item: #503 of 712 id: ital-3383 author: Jörgensen, Peter title: Citations in Hypermedia: Implementation Issues date: 2005-12-01 words: 3718 flesch: -3651 summary: Jorgensen ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3383.pdf plain text: ital-3383.txt item: #504 of 712 id: ital-3384 author: Atkins, David; Smith, Anthony D.; Dewey, Barbara I. title: From the Great Smokies to the Mountains of the Moon: U.S. and Ugandan Librarians Collaborate in a Digital World date: 2005-12-01 words: 6228 flesch: -6199 summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3384.pdf plain text: ital-3384.txt item: #505 of 712 id: ital-3385 author: Solar, Renata; Radovan, Dalibor title: Use of GIS for Presentation of the Map and Pictorial Collection of the National and University Library of Slovenia date: 2005-12-01 words: 6228 flesch: -6199 summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3385.pdf plain text: ital-3385.txt item: #506 of 712 id: ital-3386 author: Anderson, Charles title: Index to Volume 24 date: 2005-12-01 words: 2076 flesch: -1984 summary: Index to Volume 24 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ keywords: ฀ ฀ cache: ital-3386.pdf plain text: ital-3386.txt item: #507 of 712 id: ital-3388 author: Fu, Ping; Fitzgerald, Moira title: A Comparative Analysis on the Effect of the Chosen ILSes on Systems and Technical Services Staffing Models date: 2013-09-15 words: 5448 flesch: 33 summary: We have learned from attending OCLC’s webinars and product demonstrations that library systems staff would be required to prepare and extract data from their local systems during new systems implementation. Therefore library systems staff could use their time to focus on local applications development and other library priority projects. keywords: academic; access; administration; alma; analysis; applications; architecture; cataloging; central; client; data; development; effect; electronic; example; functionality; generation; generation ils; ils; ilss; information; institutions; integrated; interface; job; librarian; libraries; library; libris; local; maintenance; management; materials; member; millennium; models; module; need; new; oclc; print; records; resources; responsibilities; server; services; shared; sierra; software; staff; staffing; support; systems; technical; technology; time; traditional; unified; university; users; vendors; voyager; wms; workflows cache: ital-3388.pdf plain text: ital-3388.txt item: #508 of 712 id: ital-3420 author: Zimmer, Michael title: Assessing the Treatment of Patron Privacy in Library 2.0 Literature date: 2013-06-10 words: 4608 flesch: 41 summary: Assessing the Treatment of Patron Privacy in Library 2.0 Literature Michael Zimmer INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2013 29 ABSTRACT As libraries begin to embrace Web 2.0 technologies to serve patrons, ushering in the era of Library 2.0, unique dilemmas arise regarding protection of patron privacy. Thus embracing Library 2.0 potentially threatens the traditional ethics of librarianship, where protecting patron privacy and intellectual freedom has been held paramount. keywords: access; activities; american; articles; association; casey; computers; concerns; cvetkovic; data; discussion; ethics; example; facebook; generation; high; information; intellectual; issues; journal; june; level; librarian; libraries; library; library services; literature; location; mention; michael; minimal; moderate; new; online; patron; patron privacy; percent; personal; platforms; policy; privacy; professional; publications; related; relevant; research; rethlefsen; services; social; table; technologies; technology; tools; tracking; traditional; treatment; university; user; web; work; world; zimmer cache: ital-3420.pdf plain text: ital-3420.txt item: #509 of 712 id: ital-3421 author: Gureyev, Vadim Nikolaevich; Mazov, Nikolai Alekseevich title: Detection of Information Requirements of Researchers Using Bibliometric Analyses to Identify Target Journals date: 2013-12-22 words: 3616 flesch: 44 summary: The citing and cited journals are often the same journals, and publication activity is highly correlated with citation activity. It will also be interesting to compare data for cited journals with their usage statistics. keywords: activity; analyses; articles; authors; bibliometric; biomedical; citations; citing; correlation; data; databases; december; detection; field; geology; geosciences; gureyev; information; institutes; international; journals; libraries; mazov; number; publication; references; requirements; researchers; results; russian; scientific; scopus; study; table; target; technology; virology; wos; year cache: ital-3421.pdf plain text: ital-3421.txt item: #510 of 712 id: ital-3423 author: Southwell, Kristina L.; Slater, Jacquelyn title: An Evaluation of Finding Aid Accessibility for Screen Readers date: 2013-09-15 words: 5456 flesch: 47 summary: While ARIA landmarks are becoming more common on the Internet in general, the data collected for this study indicates they have not yet been incorporated into library finding aids. Finding aids were rated on a pass/fail basis in three categories: • presence of any headings • presence of headings for navigating to another key part of the finding aid (e.g., container list) • presence of internal links for navigating to another key part of the finding aid Headings/Links Yes No Finding aid has at least one heading 59 (91%) 6 (9%) keywords: academic; accessibility; accessible; aids; alternative; aria; assistive; available; collections; container; content; databases; disabilities; disabled; document; doi; elements; evaluation; features; finding; headings; image; information; keyboard; landmarks; language; level; libraries; library; links; list; manual; missing; navigation; number; online; order; page; patrons; percent; reader; resources; screen; services; skip; slater; southwell; special; students; study; table; technology; text; total; university; users; visual; wave; web; websites cache: ital-3423.pdf plain text: ital-3423.txt item: #511 of 712 id: ital-3471 author: Chickering, F. William; Yang, Sharon Q. title: Evaluation and Comparison of Discovery Tools: An Update date: 2014-06-22 words: 9058 flesch: 55 summary: Some of the features have been used in previous research on discovery tools. mailto:chick@rider.edu mailto:yangs@rider.edu EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF DISCOVERY TOOLS: AN UPDATE | CHICKERING AND YANG 6 investigate link resolvers and discovery tools for federated searching and OPAC by summer 2011. keywords: advanced; aquabrowser; arena; authors; axiell; bibliocommons; blacklight; box; catalog; chickering; college; comparison; content; data; databases; different; discovery; discovery service; discovery tools; display; ebsco; encore; endeca; enterprise; evaluation; extensible; features; figure; following; frbr; generation; google; images; index; information; interface; items; june; keyword; libraries; library; like; link; list; local; mobile; navigation; new; number; open; page; persistent; primo; public; ranking; recommendation; relevancy; resources; results; reviews; rider; rss; scale; search; searching; service; similar; simple; sites; social; spell; starting; state; stop; study; suggested; summon; systems; tags; technology; text; time; tools; unified; university; update; user; vufind; web; words; work; worldcat; xxx; yang cache: ital-3471.pdf plain text: ital-3471.txt item: #512 of 712 id: ital-3670 author: Praczyk, Piotr Adam; Nogueras-Iso, Javier title: Automatic Extraction of Figures from Scientific Publications in High-Energy Physics date: 2013-12-22 words: 11226 flesch: 46 summary: Inclusion of Text Parts The next step in figures extraction involves the inclusion of lost text parts inside figure candidates. Important information about figure content might be stored in the surroundings of the place where publication text refers to a figure. keywords: algorithm; approach; areas; automatic; automatic extraction; boundary; candidates; canvas; captions; case; close; clustering; clusters; consists; content; data; december; definition; detection; different; digital; division; document; elements; end; energy; entities; execution; extraction; extraction algorithm; figure; figure candidates; graphical; graphics; hep; heuristics; high; horizontal; images; important; information; input; inspire; iso; layout; libraries; lines; list; logical; mele; metadata; method; new; nogueras; number; objects; operations; operator; output; page; parameters; particular; parts; pdf; physics; plots; points; possible; praczyk; precision; present; previous; processing; properties; publications; recall; rectangles; rendering; results; scientific; scientific publications; search; second; separators; set; single; stage; step; stream; structure; tables; technology; testing; text; textual; tuning; type; use; vector; vertical; way; work cache: ital-3670.pdf plain text: ital-3670.txt item: #513 of 712 id: ital-3793 author: Colegrove, Patrick "Tod" title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Libraries as Makerspace? date: 2013-03-30 words: 1515 flesch: 39 summary: 2 Recently there has been tremendous interest in “makerspace” and its potential in libraries: from middle school and public libraries to academic and special libraries, the topic seems very much top of mind. A number of libraries across the country have been actively expanding makerspace within the physical library and exploring its impact; as head of one such library, I can report that reactions to the associated changes have been quite polarized. keywords: able; art; board; colegrove; community; computer; editorial; example; fab; lab; learning; libraries; library; makerspace; making; media; physical; practice; science; support; technology; thoughts; users; working cache: ital-3793.pdf plain text: ital-3793.txt item: #514 of 712 id: ital-3794 author: Harrison, David F.; Herber, Randolph J. title: An Automated Music Programmer (MUSPROG) date: 1969-03-01 words: 3008 flesch: 55 summary: In designing a coded set of instructions to per- form these tasks, it was deemed necessary that any attempt at the selec- tion or compilation of a series of music programs should be made in ac- cordance with certain criteria supplied to the system by the user, and that these selection specification parameters should closely parallel those which would be employed were such an extraction from the total librar- ies to be performed manually. 2/1 March, 1969 versity Computer Center be employed in the selection and updating of recorded music programs. keywords: accordance; applications; automation; blank; card; catalog; certain; composer; composition; computer; data; date; duplicate; duration; fields; harrison; herber; human; information; iowa; item; journal; ksui; length; library; march; master; music; musprog; necessary; number; operation; period; program; programmer; programming; record; seconds; selection; specifications; stations; step; system; time; title; type; university; vol; work; wsui cache: ital-3794.pdf plain text: ital-3794.txt item: #515 of 712 id: ital-3798 author: Goldwyn, A. J.; De Gennaro, Richard; Osborn, Laura K.; Guthrie, Gerry D. title: Book Reviews date: 1969-03-01 words: 1599 flesch: 55 summary: Some time is spent with studies of current computer techniques. The second describes many types of computer peripherals and gives consider- able attention to the various codes used for computer and printing equip- ment data input. keywords: american; available; book; chapters; computer; coordinate; data; describes; future; indexing; information; john; journal; library; man; material; mitchell; pages; printing; professional; quality; retrieval; review; systems; techniques; text; time; volume cache: ital-3798.pdf plain text: ital-3798.txt item: #516 of 712 id: ital-3811 author: Emanuel, Jenny title: Digital Native Academic Librarians, Technology Skills, and Their Relationship with Technology date: 2013-09-15 words: 6643 flesch: 55 summary: She would like to get more into the development side of library technology, but in her current job there is not the time or support to further advance those skills. They also consume technology without understanding how it works.13 Within libraries, technology skills related to new librarians have been studied by Del Bosque and Lampert, who surveyed librarians from a variety of library settings with less than nine years experience working as professional librarians. keywords: academic; access; age; attitudes; books; career; choice; college; comfortable; computer; current; data; different; digital; emanuel; experience; feel; generation; information; interview; job; learning; level; librarians; librarianship; library; library school; lot; millennial; native; new; older; online; participants; people; percent; programming; respondents; responses; school; services; skills; social; software; students; survey; technical; technologies; technology; technology skills; things; think; time; use; web; work cache: ital-3811.pdf plain text: ital-3811.txt item: #517 of 712 id: ital-4303 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments date: 2013-03-30 words: 459 flesch: 50 summary: Microsoft Word - ital_march_gerrity.docx Editor’s Comments Bob Gerrity   INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2013   1       With  this  issue,  Information  Technology  and  Libraries  (ITAL)  begins  its  second  year  as  an  open-­‐ access,  e-­‐only  publication.   In  this  month’s  issue,  ITAL  Editorial  Board  member  Patrick  “Tod”  Colegrove  reflects  on  the   emergence  of  makerspace  phenomenon  in  libraries,  providing  an  overview  of  the  makerspace     landscape. keywords: content; issues; ital; libraries; march; new; publication cache: ital-4303.pdf plain text: ital-4303.txt item: #518 of 712 id: ital-4308 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: "India Does Not Exist." date: 2013-06-10 words: 992 flesch: 73 summary: You can get from India to anywhere in Europe very easily via India Air. In most cases, we who answer such questions are not here to educate, except insofar as we provide a clear and concise answer to a technical query issued by one of our peers. keywords: answer; assumptions; best; board; cyzyk; editorial; forums; india; problem; question; technical cache: ital-4308.pdf plain text: ital-4308.txt item: #519 of 712 id: ital-4454 author: Valentino, Maura title: Adding Value to the University of Oklahoma Libraries History of Science Collections through Digital Enhancement date: 2014-03-25 words: 3036 flesch: 52 summary: All original manuscript page images and enhanced marginalia page images were imported into CONTENTdm following their creation. —Edgar Allan Poe ABSTRACT Much of the focus of digital collections has been and continues to be on rare and unique materials, including monographs. keywords: annotated; book; collections; contentdm; copernicus; copy; cover; digital; editing; enhanced; enhancement; figure; file; filename; folio; historical; history; ibid; image; information; libraries; manuscript; march; marginalia; margins; morgan; new; notes; object; original; page; particular; photoshop; project; reverse; science; technology; text; tool; university; valentino; value cache: ital-4454.pdf plain text: ital-4454.txt item: #520 of 712 id: ital-4520 author: O'Riordan, Adrian title: Open Search Environments: The Free Alternative to Commercial Search Services date: 2014-06-22 words: 5945 flesch: 42 summary: This paper explores the space of open search technology, looking in particular at lightweight search protocols and the issue of interoperability. The successful deployment of open search technology shows that this technology has matured to support many uses. keywords: additional; alternative; applications; approach; archives; atom; case; collections; commercial; common; content; crawlers; description; developers; digital; discovery; document; engines; environments; example; exchange; feeds; formats; free; functionality; google; harvesting; http; indexing; information; initiative; integration; interface; interoperability; json; june; language; large; libraries; library; lightweight; linking; lucene; meta; metadata; metasearch; model; multiple; mxg; new; nutch; oai; object; open; opensearch; operation; o’riordan; particular; pmh; popular; proceedings; protocols; providers; queries; query; rdf; repository; resource; results; retrieval; role="example; rss; scale; search; search engines; search services; searching; services; simple; software; solr; source; specification; sru; standard; supports; syndication; systems; technologies; technology; url; use; uses; version; web; xml cache: ital-4520.pdf plain text: ital-4520.txt item: #521 of 712 id: ital-4632 author: Connell, Ruth Sara title: Content Management Systems: Trends in Academic Libraries date: 2013-06-10 words: 6181 flesch: 52 summary: A 2012 study by Comeaux and Schmetzke differs from the others mentioned here in that they reviewed academic library websites of the fifty-six campuses offering ALA-accredited graduate degrees (generally larger universities) and used tools and examined page code to try to determine on their own if the libraries used CMSs, as opposed to polling librarians at those institutions to ask them to self-identify if they used CMSs. INTRODUCTION As library websites have evolved over the years, so has their role and complexity. keywords: academic; baccalaureate; basic; campus; carnegie; cases; chi; classification; cms; cmss; connell; content; control; information; institutions; libguides; libraries; library; likely; list; management; master; non; open; parent; people; percent; question; research; respondents; responses; results; satisfaction; satisfied; selection; services; size; small; source; staff; study; survey; systems; table; technology; total; transition; trends; university; users; web; website cache: ital-4632.pdf plain text: ital-4632.txt item: #522 of 712 id: ital-4633 author: Manghi, Paolo; Artini, Michele; Bardi, Alessia; Atzori, Claudio; La Bruzzo, Sandro; Mikulicic, Marko title: High-Performance Annotation Tagging over Solr Full-text Indexes date: 2014-09-25 words: 8604 flesch: 50 summary: The effect of tagging information objects in an information space may be private, i.e., visible to the users who tagged the objects or to a group of users sharing the same right, or public, i.e., visible to all users.10 Many well-known websites allow end users to tag web resources. The implementation of virtual and bulk-tagging facilities over Solr information spaces is a challenge, since bulk updates of Solr objects are fast, but far from being real-time when large sets of objects are involved. keywords: acm; actions; annotation; annotation tagging; api; artini; bulk; case; classes; command; context; curators; data; digital; docset; end; example; execution; figure; function; general; high; i(s; implementation; index; indexes; indexing; information; information space; interface; interpretation; large; level; libraries; low; management; memory; method; module; new; objects; ontology; performance; predicates; queries; query; query(q; real; records; relative; result; returns; search; semantics; september; session; set; sets; solr; space; table; tagging; tags; tagtick; technology; terms; test; text; time; tool; un)tagging; untagging; users; values; virtualizer; web; work; ρ(s; 𝐴𝑛𝑑; 𝑂𝑟 𝐵 cache: ital-4633.pdf plain text: ital-4633.txt item: #523 of 712 id: ital-4635 author: Johnson, Megan title: Usability Test Results for Encore in an Academic Library date: 2013-09-15 words: 8631 flesch: 63 summary: Encore search box after this usability study was completed. Search results for changed search. keywords: academic; access; advanced; appalachian; appsearch; articles; average; belk; book; box; catalog; current; database; discovery; encore; experience; faculty; figure; follow; help; implementation; information; innovative; interface; johnson; journal; layout; libraries; library; new; page; paper; participants; peer; problem; question; research; results; scale; scholarly; score; search; search box; searches; searching; september; service; site; small; state; student; studies; study; sus; synergy; system; task; technology; terms; test; time; topic; university; usability; users; website cache: ital-4635.pdf plain text: ital-4635.txt item: #524 of 712 id: ital-4636 author: Bridges, Laurie M.; Rempel, Hannah Gashco title: That Was Then, This Is Now: Replacing the Mobile-Optimized Site with Responsive Design date: 2013-12-22 words: 6288 flesch: 49 summary: As part of a growing recognition that it is time to reevaluate mobile library sites, Bohyun Kim, reviewed eight library mobile sites, and presented her analysis at the American Library Association Annual Conference in 2012.20 Kim compared screenshots of 2010 and 2012 homepages and found a greater emphasis on search in the 2012 versions. This summer, our web designer redesigned both the full site and mobile site using responsive design. keywords: access; active; analytics; availability; available; book; bridges; catalog; computer; content; december; design; device; feature; figure; google; hours; information; jakob; journal; kim; libraries; library; library site; member; mobile; mobile library; mobile site; nielsen; online; oregon; osu; pages; participants; percent; phones; reasons; rempel; research; reservations; respondents; responses; responsive; responsive design; results; room; searches; site; specific; state; students; studies; study; survey; table; tasks; technology; term; time; topic; types; university; usability; users; version; web; website; week cache: ital-4636.pdf plain text: ital-4636.txt item: #525 of 712 id: ital-4643 author: Sectional Subcommittee Z39, American Standards Institute title: Appendix II date: 1969-05-31 words: 497 flesch: 50 summary: The tag ID is a data element consisting of one basic character used to differentiate tags for multiple subrecords describing bibliogra- phic units which have the same type-of-record and bibliographic level codes (See 3.2.4 and 3.2.5). The subrecord relationship field, when present, shall contain fixed fields which are used to indicate the rela- tionships of subrecords to each other. 2.1 Relationship Fields The format of each relationship field is as shown : I TAG I RELATIONSHIP INDICATOR keywords: bibliographic; directory; relationship; subrecord; tag cache: ital-4643.pdf plain text: ital-4643.txt item: #526 of 712 id: ital-4662 author: Kilgour, Frederick G.; Fuller, M.D., Ellis A.; Hogan, Alan D.; Burgess, Thomas K. title: Book Reviews date: 2013-05-03 words: 1757 flesch: 50 summary: Recently, several worthwhile primers on information retrieval and retrieval systems have appeared. Half of his book treats of characteristics and operation of information retrieval systems and half of testing and evaluating such systems. keywords: authors; book; chapter; computer; data; evaluation; files; half; individual; information; introduction; journal; library; major; need; new; newcastle; practical; processing; project; retrieval; september; sons; systems; testing; text; useful; users; vol; wiley; york cache: ital-4662.pdf plain text: ital-4662.txt item: #527 of 712 id: ital-4663 author: Coward, Richard E. title: MARC International date: 1969-12-01 words: 2568 flesch: 50 summary: National machine readable bibliographic systems will be established, but there is a grave danger that those agencies responsible will be pri- marily concerned only with the immediate problem of producing records suitable for use in their own national context or for their own national bibliography, regardless of the fact that the libraries and information cen- tres they need to serve are acquiring ever-increasing quantities of foreign material. MARC International/ COWARD 183 The LC and BNB MARC systems are two very closely related imple- mentations of a communications format which in its generalised form has been carefully designed to hold any type of bibliographic information. keywords: agencies; american; anglo; automation; bibliographic; bnb; british; catalogue; cataloguing; code; congress; cooperation; countries; data; exchange; field; file; great; information; international; libraries; library; local; machine; marc; network; project; readable; record; rules; standardisation; standards; structure; systems; type cache: ital-4663.pdf plain text: ital-4663.txt item: #528 of 712 id: ital-4668 author: Lipetz, Ben-Ami; Stangl, Peter; Taylor, Kathryn F. title: Performance of Ruecking's Word-compression Method When Applied to Machine Retrieval from a Library Catalog date: 1969-12-01 words: 2599 flesch: 57 summary: If foreign-language references had been systematically ignored in applying the test to catalog searches, some 16% ( 20 out of 126) of the searches would have been excluded, with no real gain in performance. Ruecking' s W ord-Compression/LIPETZ 269 Table 1 provides detailed information on the discrepancies between user data and catalog data in the test. keywords: author; base; bibliographic; book; catalog; code; compression; data; documents; english; information; language; library; manual; method; performance; precision; recall; references; retrieval; retrieved; ruecking; sample; searches; searching; test; title; user; value; words cache: ital-4668.pdf plain text: ital-4668.txt item: #529 of 712 id: ital-5105 author: Corbly, James Edward title: The Free Software Alternative: Freeware, Open Source Software, and Libraries date: 2014-09-25 words: 4566 flesch: 52 summary: To be considered open source, a software product must meet several criteria, among which are the following: THE FREE SOFTWARE ALTERNATIVE| CORBLY 67 • The software must be freely available without cost, royalties, or fees of any kind. Audacity (open source) is a sound recorder and editor employed not only by amateurs but also by professionals in the field.7 Access to the Web would be impossible without the use of Apache (open source), the number one HTTP server.8 keywords: alternative|; author; available; best; categories; category; chart; code; commercial; computer; copyright; corbly; download; end; freeware; gpl; hours; individuals; information; koha; libraries; library; license; licensing; list; microsoft; number; open; open source; owner; packages; page; personal; picture; products; program; public; right; search; september; site; software; source; source software; student; system; technology; time; tools; use; useful; users; web; windows; work; world cache: ital-5105.pdf plain text: ital-5105.txt item: #530 of 712 id: ital-5106 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Services and User Context in the Era of Webscale Discovery date: 2013-06-10 words: 1368 flesch: 32 summary: The data is critical, but the debates over vendors' unwillingness to share data have overshadowed other important features and functionality that are important to making discovery systems valuable, especially in the areas of getting users the actual resources that they find, delivering the most relevant results, and being more aware of the full user context not merely their search query. This more intricate adjustment to relevancy calculation is what makes Google so powerful — they can take how often a website is referenced in other websites and how often users go to a website to impact a website’s relevancy to a user query. keywords: access; book; context; data; discovery; faculty; important; information; june; libraries; library; link; print; query; relevancy; research; resources; results; scholarly; services; systems; technology; user; webscale cache: ital-5106.pdf plain text: ital-5106.txt item: #531 of 712 id: ital-5128 author: Mitchell, Patrick C.; Burgess, Thomas K. title: Methods of Randomization of Large Files with High Volatility date: 1970-03-01 words: 2625 flesch: 63 summary: A search of the literature using W. B. Climenson's chapter on file struc- ture ( 2) as a start provided some other methods for reducing the colli- sion problem ( 1, 3, 4, 5, 6). In order to bring relief from the continuing problem of file and pro- gram maintenance involved with changing the file-mapping algorithm, research was initiated to devise an algorithm which would, independent of the input data, map records uniformly across the available file space. keywords: access; acquisitions; address; addresses; algorithm; data; delay; disk; file; library; locations; method; modulo; number; order; program; purchase; rand; record; relative; rra; space; system; university; upper; washington; write cache: ital-5128.pdf plain text: ital-5128.txt item: #532 of 712 id: ital-5141 author: Real, Brian; Bertot, John Carlo; Jaeger, Paul T. title: Rural Public Libraries and Digital Inclusion: Issues and Challenges date: 2014-03-25 words: 8349 flesch: 32 summary: Through analysis of the PLFTAS data2 about technology access in rural public libraries in conjunction with other studies of rural libraries and librarians, this article explores the causes and effects of the relatively more limited technological and support infrastructures for rural patrons and communities. Rural libraries are also far less likely to have formal guides to help customers understand these government services, with only 15.3% of rural libraries offering such products as compared to 33.6% of urban and 22.2% of suburban counterparts. keywords: access; areas; authors; available; average; bertot; better; broadband; btop; center; communities; computer; connect2compete; counterparts; data; digital; digital inclusion; digital literacy; disparities; divide; education; federal; funding; funds; government; help; ibid; important; inclusion; increase; individuals; information; information technology; infrastructure; internet; internet access; issues; jaeger; jobs; lack; levels; libraries; library; library funding; limited; lis; literacy; local; low; march; mehra; national; need; nonrural; patrons; policy; populated; primary; problem; program; public; public access; public libraries; real; resources; rural; rural libraries; rural public; services; skills; staff; staffing; state; studies; study; suburban; support; survey; technological; technologies; technology; technology access; time; training; urban; use; value cache: ital-5141.pdf plain text: ital-5141.txt item: #533 of 712 id: ital-5174 author: Perrin, Joy Marie; Clark, Melanie; De-Leon, Esther; Edgar, Lynne title: Usability Testing for Greater Impact: A Primo Case Study date: 2014-12-18 words: 3655 flesch: 61 summary: Table  1.  Task  Results     USABILITY  TESTING  FOR  GREATER  IMPACT:  A  PRIMO  CASE  STUDY  |  PERRIN,  CLARK,  DE-­‐LEON,  AND  EDGAR      60   A  more  telling  observation  was  that  the  time  on  tasks,  excluding  task  4,  diminished  between  task  1   and  task  7,  suggesting  that  participants  had  no  trouble  learning  and  remembering  how  to  use  the   system.   Because  the  error  rate  seems  to  decline  from  task  1  to  task  7  (excluding  tasks  3   and  4),  the  team  inferred  that  users  were  able  to  learn  how  to  use  the  system  quite  easily.   keywords: articles; databases; dropdown; error; figure; libraries; library; onesearch; participants; patrons; problems; results; search; solution; study; system; task; team; time; usability; users cache: ital-5174.pdf plain text: ital-5174.txt item: #534 of 712 id: ital-5243 author: Trainor, Cindi title: President's Message date: 2013-09-15 words: 594 flesch: 51 summary: http://connect.ala.org/node/197839 Our team of three ALA Emerging Leaders, Margaret Heller, Zach Coble, and Katie Heidgerken- Greene, surveyed LITA leaders, worked with Committee Chairs Coordinator Michelle Frisque and IG Chairs Coordinator Paul Keith, and synthesized tons of information and many documents into the Leadership Guide for New Chairs of Committees and Interest Groups Cindi Trainor (cindiann@gmail.com) is LITA President 2013-14 and Community Specialist & Trainer for Springshare, LLC. The new conference format specified by ALA means that we have 20 slots for LITA programs at Annual, including the President's program and Top Tech Trends. keywords: ala; board; chairs; committee; forum; http://connect.ala.org/node/209032; http://www.ala.org/lita/about/board/contact; http://www.gloriousgeneralist.com/leadership.html; leadership; lita; meeting; president; program cache: ital-5243.pdf plain text: ital-5243.txt item: #535 of 712 id: ital-5244 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments date: 2013-09-15 words: 616 flesch: 44 summary: Visiting the discovery side of library services, Megan Johnson from Appalachian State University reports on usability testing of Appalachian’s “one box” integrated articles and catalog search, using Innovative Interfaces’ Encore Discovery Service. Speaking of usability, I had the chance recently to observe a usability testing session for my library’s website, and was reminded of the importance of designing library websites and delivering web-based library services that will actually be of value to our users, delivered with their context in mind rather than ours. keywords: bob; comments; editor; fees; gerrity; library; lita; lms; month; services; university; usability; website cache: ital-5244.pdf plain text: ital-5244.txt item: #536 of 712 id: ital-5245 author: Tagliacozzo, Renata; Kochen, Manfred; Rosenberg, Lawrence title: Orthographic Error Patterns of Author Names in Catalog Searches date: 1970-06-01 words: 3094 flesch: 64 summary: Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan An investigation of error patterns in author names based on data from a survey of library catalog searches. IMPERFECT RECALL OF AUTHOR NAME Of the 1489 known-item searches, 1356 could be verified against the actual item. keywords: addition; author; automation; cases; catalog; citation; computer; distribution; errors; frequency; half; incomplete; incorrect; item; journal; length; letter; library; middle; names; omission; position; replacement; right; sample; searches; single; spelling; string; table; university cache: ital-5245.pdf plain text: ital-5245.txt item: #537 of 712 id: ital-5247 author: Payne, Charles T.; McGee, Robert S. title: Comparisons of LC Proofslip and MARC Tape Arrival Dates at the University of Chicago Library date: 1970-06-01 words: 2438 flesch: 84 summary: 11 99 504 288 Tape Tape Tape 11 12 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 Q_ 3 1 n 0 0 0 LC Tape Tape Tape keywords: april; arrival; dates; marc; matches; number; o.o; proofslips; records; table; tape; tape tape; total; week cache: ital-5247.pdf plain text: ital-5247.txt item: #538 of 712 id: ital-5248 author: Avram, Henriette; De Gennaro, Richard; Pulsifer, Josephine S.; Rather, John C.; Rosenthal, Joseph A.; Veaner, Allen B. title: Levels of Machine Readable Records date: 1970-06-01 words: 2215 flesch: 54 summary: The present study was considered to be completed once the feasibility of defining a level of machine readable record for that purpose was established. At the present stage of library automation, it is impossible to define rigorously all of the potential uses of machine readable catalog records. keywords: bibliographic; catalog; content; data; designators; distribution; force; format; function; level; libraries; library; machine; marc; national; nuc; readable; recon; records; report; tags; task; use cache: ital-5248.pdf plain text: ital-5248.txt item: #539 of 712 id: ital-5251 author: Voigt, Melvin J.; Tars, Arvo; Kilgour, Frederick G.; Csuri, Charles; Richey, James I.; de Gara, John; Oldfather, Margaret title: Book Reviews date: 1970-06-01 words: 2857 flesch: 47 summary: Though it does not boast to be the single ideal bibliographic tool, it is a welcome addition to, (and perhaps replacement for some of) its pre- decessors-Frank Bertalan's Books For Junior College Libraries; Charles L. Trinkner's Basic Books For Junior College Libraries; Hester HoHman's Readers Adviser; Helen Wheeler's A Basic Book Collection for the Com- munity College Library; Bro Dart Foundation's The Junior College Library Collection~ edited by Dr. Bertalan; and the ever-present Subject Guide to Books in Print and Books in Print, from Bowker. Thus this collection of papers can be useful to both student and practitioner interested in research and development of library systems. keywords: agricultural; analysis; applications; automation; basic; book; cataloging; centers; chapter; collection; college; college libraries; community; computer; conference; data; development; illinois; information; junior; large; libraries; library; local; manual; models; museum; network; new; papers; participants; plan; problems; procedures; proceedings; research; reviews; robert; section; services; session; subject; systems; technical; techniques; technology; university; useful cache: ital-5251.pdf plain text: ital-5251.txt item: #540 of 712 id: ital-5258 author: Wilkinson, Billy R.; Evans, Glyn; Goldwyn, A. J.; Miniter, John J.; Nugent, William R. title: Book Reviews date: 1970-09-01 words: 4151 flesch: 60 summary: The literature of librarianship contains descnphons of md1v1dual undergraduate libraries or philosophical essays concerning library services for undergraduates. The literature of librarianship contains descnphons of md1v1dual undergraduate libraries or philosophical essays concerning library services for undergraduates. keywords: analysis; author; automation; benefit; book; cards; case; catalog; computer; cost; decision; file; hardware; information; libraries; library; line; major; new; page; program; raffel; reader; report; retrieval; services; storage; system; systematic; tables; technical; time; total; undergraduate; university; use; work cache: ital-5258.pdf plain text: ital-5258.txt item: #541 of 712 id: ital-5261 author: Bellomy, Fred L.; Jaccarino, Lies N. title: Listings of Uncataloged Collections date: 1970-12-01 words: 3462 flesch: 67 summary: CENTER Sli8JEC T IN DE X tC TOBER, 1970 PAGE 102 OH c.o 8 OIL IHPORTS.HISTDRY ~E 0007 ...... 0 ~ OIL IHFC~lS.~ESlRlllll~S JO Ol.lJ 't ~ ~ ...... JO OIH GP OC61t JO 003.5 JC OC86 JO 0071 JO 0118 JO 0039 < keywords: 20th; agency; artread; arts; author; bibliographic; britain; british; btw; california; cards; catalogs; century; century painting; collections; computer; dadaism; data; december; different; duchamp; english; field; fig; figure; file; french; great; indexes; information; input; items; jaccarino; jcl; l6th; library; listings; lonoon; machine; marcel; museum; new; number; oil; option; package; painting; possible; program; records; separate; staff; step; subject; system; title; ucsb; uncataloged; university; var cache: ital-5261.pdf plain text: ital-5261.txt item: #542 of 712 id: ital-5263 author: Palmer, Foster M.; Hoadley, Irene Braden; Bierman, Kenneth J.; Salton, G. title: Book Reviews date: 1970-12-01 words: 1308 flesch: 55 summary: One opens this report wondering whether circulation of reserve books to readers is included in the computer based system, and assuming that such circulation would have to be handled on-line because the short duration of reserve loans, often on the order of one hour, would not seem to fit well with batch processing. The report will be valuable to anyone con- sidering the problem of reserve books; its successor covering phase two will be eagerly awaited by all those interested in circulation as well. keywords: applications; book; circulation; computer; data; indexing; information; journals; language; libraries; library; line; list; particular; periodicals; phase; processing; report; reserve; system; title; university; volume; western cache: ital-5263.pdf plain text: ital-5263.txt item: #543 of 712 id: ital-5267 author: Yavarkovsky, Jerome title: Editorial Board Thoughts: The Promise of Immersive Libraries date: 2013-12-22 words: 1224 flesch: 24 summary: Immersive technologies offer the promise of 3D virtual world libraries where students and their teachers can work together in virtual space with library materials and tools—search engines, online catalogs, media, text, etc. As immersive libraries realize their potential and grow in number and scale, the challenge of managing them will grow as well. keywords: distance; education; environments; group; immersive; information; learning; libraries; library; materials; physical; research; resources; second; services; space; students; study; technology; tools; use; virtual; work; workspace; worlds cache: ital-5267.pdf plain text: ital-5267.txt item: #544 of 712 id: ital-5273 author: Kiscaden, Elizabeth title: Creating a Current Awareness Service Using Yahoo! Pipes and LibGuides date: 2014-12-18 words: 1968 flesch: 41 summary: The  service,  dubbed  Info  SOS,  was  designed  to  overcome  two   barriers  to  patron  participation  in  feed  services:  the  chore  of  subscribing  to  and  curating  multiple   feeds  and  the  lack  of  awareness  of  feeds  and  feed  reader  technology.   Yahoo!  Pipes  was  chosen  for  this  service  primarily  because  it  requires  limited   coding  knowledge,7  yet  the  software  provides  a  number  of  advanced  functions  for  sorting  and   combining  large  groups  of  feeds. keywords: aggregate; awareness; content; current; electronic; feeds; information; journals; libraries; library; pipes; rss; service; tools; users; yahoo cache: ital-5273.pdf plain text: ital-5273.txt item: #545 of 712 id: ital-5275 author: Harnish, Thomas D. title: Video Technologies: Neologism or Library Trend date: 1981-06-01 words: 1108 flesch: 49 summary: Internal and external factors must be considered to guide the applica- tion of technology toward meeting library and patron needs. Converging factors are shaping a new environment for libraries, and, as a consequence, the present is full of opportunity. keywords: cable; computer; environment; factors; information; libraries; library; needs; new; patron; readers; services; technologies; technology; television; video; videotex cache: ital-5275.pdf plain text: ital-5275.txt item: #546 of 712 id: ital-5278 author: Lukac, Jenko title: The Evolution of an Online Acquisitions System date: 1981-06-01 words: 1211 flesch: 62 summary: Lewis and Clark College Li- brary, Portland, Oregon. One of the libraries that obtained and adopted Pacific's Electronic Acquisitions System (PEAS) was the Watzek Library at Lewis and Clark College. keywords: acquisitions; author; clark; clas; computer; duplicate; features; information; lewis; libraries; library; peas; program; system; title; tools; use; word cache: ital-5278.pdf plain text: ital-5278.txt item: #547 of 712 id: ital-5279 author: Newhard, Robert title: The Significance of Information in the Ordinary Conduct of Life date: 1981-06-01 words: 1953 flesch: 57 summary: Computer-supported telecommunica- tions systems can be the instrument for accelerating information control by a few (this has been much of the trend , so far , as indicated by corporate, research, and technical use of these systems), or it can be used to build information confidence, use, and desire throughout society. The information benefit provided to the general public by the developing telecom- munications systems will be highly depen- dent upon the provider's perception of the current and potential role of information in the ordinary interests of life. keywords: author; book; cable; duplicate; freedom; information; interests; library; manual; ordinary; paradigm; people; potential; problems; public; qube; rate; society; suggest; system; television; time; title; tools; use; way; word cache: ital-5279.pdf plain text: ital-5279.txt item: #548 of 712 id: ital-5281 author: Covino, Joseph; Intner, Sheila title: An Informal Survey of the CTI Backup System date: 1981-06-01 words: 1916 flesch: 60 summary: Size of System : CTI systems are available in two sizes , 32K and 48K . In order to help decide whether or not to purchase computer backup systems from Computer Translation, Inc . keywords: available; backup; business; catalog; circulation; clsi; cti; great; hardware; information; libraries; library; libs; location; maintenance; microform; neck; online; public; software; system; terminal; time; title; tucson; use; way cache: ital-5281.pdf plain text: ital-5281.txt item: #549 of 712 id: ital-5282 author: Bierman, Kenneth J. title: Multimedia Catalog: COM and Online date: 1981-06-01 words: 1966 flesch: 60 summary: But as libraries ease into the age of electronic utilities and computerized catalogs based on records read by machine rather than interpreted by humans, a considerably greater measure of precision will have to be introduced into library work. User searches microform catalog by author and/or title. keywords: access; available; bibliographic; catalog; desk; holdings; information; item; libraries; library; location; microform; online; public; shelf; system; title; tpl; tucson; user; work cache: ital-5282.pdf plain text: ital-5282.txt item: #550 of 712 id: ital-5283 author: Hoffman, Herbert H. title: A Structure Code for Machine Readable Library Catalog Record Formats date: 1981-06-01 words: 2260 flesch: 65 summary: Consider a search for material on subject X. Qualify the search argument by structure codes 1, 3, 7, and 12. These titles can be called item titles. keywords: bibliographic; book; card; catalog; cataloging; code; database; document; example; fig; figure; format; individual; information; item; libraries; library; online; possible; publications; records; search; set; structure; subject; titles; types; works cache: ital-5283.pdf plain text: ital-5283.txt item: #551 of 712 id: ital-5285 author: Aveny, Brian title: News and Announcements date: 1981-06-01 words: 1513 flesch: 35 summary: Today, as the amount of materials in microform in ARL libraries continues to grow-ARL libraries hold more than 146,660,000 units of micro- form-improving access to these materials has taken on even greater urgency. Goals of the organization are to: • identify services and information that are best suited to remote electronic de- livery; • plan , fund, and develop working dem- onstrations of library REDI services ; • communicate the availability of elec- tronic library services to the user com- munity; · • inform the library profession of trends, specific events , and future directions of REDI; • create coalitions with organizations in allied fields ·of interest. keywords: access; arl; asme; association; battelle; bibliographic; conference; delivery; electronic; group; information; libraries; library; meeting; microform; organizations; plan; public; publishers; records; redi; remote; researchers; services; study; technical; utilities cache: ital-5285.pdf plain text: ital-5285.txt item: #552 of 712 id: ital-5288 author: Dwyer, James R. title: Guest Editorial: Who Rules the Rules? date: 1981-09-01 words: 1381 flesch: 55 summary: Major questions still to be resolved include not only the compatible- name quandary, but the treatment of serials, microform reproductions, establishment of corporate names and determination of when works ema- nate from corporate bodies, and the romanization of Slavic names. The various interpretations of AACRl, the inclusion of new rules, and pressure for further modifications eventually led to the drafting of AACR2, a code that was supposed to end variance and controversial practices. keywords: aacr2; bibliographic; bulletin; case; catalog; cataloging; code; corporate; decision; description; factors; files; higgins; libraries; library; names; new; point; result; rules; title; university cache: ital-5288.pdf plain text: ital-5288.txt item: #553 of 712 id: ital-5292 author: Martin, James R. title: Automation and the Service Attitudes of ARL Circulation Managers date: 1981-09-01 words: 2841 flesch: 55 summary: SATISFACTION WITH CIRCULATION SYSTEM As a group, ARL circulation managers are not satisfied with their systems, as table 1 shows. In February 1980, a questionnaire was sent to circulation managers of all the ninety-eight academic libraries that hold membership in the Association of Research Libraries. keywords: agree; attitudes; automation; average; batch; bibliographic; circulation; complaints; department; file; function; headings; libraries; library; management; managers; manual; online; percent; professional; records; responses; role; service; software; statistics; system; table; user; years cache: ital-5292.pdf plain text: ital-5292.txt item: #554 of 712 id: ital-5293 author: McCallum, Sally H.; Godwin, James L. title: Statistics on Headings in the MARC File date: 1981-09-01 words: 4058 flesch: 57 summary: METHODOLOGY These statistics were derived from four MARC II bibliographic record files main- tained internally at LC: books, serials, maps, and films. NAME HEADINGS Table 2 presents the number of occur- rences of name headings in the MARC bib- liographic files and the number of distinct name headings, both by type of heading and by year. keywords: authority; automation; bibliographic; bibliographic records; books; byron; circulation; conference; corporate; counts; data; distinct; distinct headings; duplicates; figures; file; geographic; headings; library; marc; names; new; number; occurrences; percent; personal; personal names; records; reference; serials; statistics; subfields; subjects; system; table; title; topical; total; type; year cache: ital-5293.pdf plain text: ital-5293.txt item: #555 of 712 id: ital-5294 author: Jones, Douglas title: RLIN and OCLC as Reference Tools date: 1981-09-01 words: 1306 flesch: 51 summary: The Central Reference Department (so- cial science, humanities, and fine arts) and the Science-Engineering Reference Depart- ment at the University of Arizona Library are currently evaluating the OCLC and RLIN systems as reference tools, to see if their use can significantly improve the ef- fectiveness and efficiency of providing ref- erence service. If separate authority records are a system requirement, the occurrence figures might then be useful for defining configurations that employ machine-generated provisional records for single-occurrence headings that do not have reference structures or that simplify in other ways the treatment of these headings. keywords: authority; catalog; computer; department; headings; information; item; library; names; oclc; percent; personal; questions; records; reference; rlin; search; semester; system; test; time cache: ital-5294.pdf plain text: ital-5294.txt item: #556 of 712 id: ital-5295 author: Brown, Thomas P.; DeBuse, Raymond title: Replicating the Washington Library Network Computer System Software date: 1981-09-01 words: 2675 flesch: 57 summary: WLN libraries should see Illinois records on a regular basis by late summer of 1981. The Washington Library Network (WLN) Computer System supports shared cataloging and catalog maintenance, retro- spective conversion, reference, COM cata- log production, acquisitions, and account- ing functions for libraries operating within a network. keywords: automation; available; bibliographic; catalog; cataloging; clemson; computer; data; database; development; ibm; illinois; information; installation; libraries; library; methodology; modules; monitor; network; new; oclc; online; planning; programs; reference; replication; rlin; search; service; software; source; staff; standard; system; test; university; use; wln cache: ital-5295.pdf plain text: ital-5295.txt item: #557 of 712 id: ital-5296 author: Meyer, Richard W.; Reuland, Beth Ann; Diaz, Francisco M.; Colburn, Frances title: A General Planning Methodology for Automation date: 1981-09-01 words: 3138 flesch: 46 summary: By focusing on the problems of serials control, the team evaluated a microcosm of library problems. Even though user demands heavily bur- dened the traditional manual systems, the extent of library automation at Clemson had been limited to a batch circulation sys- tem, a simple serials-listing capability, and the use of bibliographic utilities. keywords: access; administration; application; att; automation; benefits; bibliographic; business; circulation; clemson; control; corporation; cost; daps; data; development; director; environment; general; ibm; information; integrated; interviews; libraries; library; members; methodology; phase; planning; problems; process; purpose; report; representative; serials; staff; studies; study; system; team; time; transfer; university; use cache: ital-5296.pdf plain text: ital-5296.txt item: #558 of 712 id: ital-5297 author: Library of Congress, Network Development Office title: Inclusion of Nonroman Character Sets date: 1981-09-01 words: 3549 flesch: 76 summary: The pro- posed field will use tag 066 and be defined as follows: 066 Character Sets Present This field specifies what character sets are present in the other than ASCII and the ALA extension of ASCII. Any questions on the description of the inclusion of nonroman character sets in the MARC communications format should be addressed to: Library of Congress, Process- ing Services, Attention: Mrs. Margaret Pat- terson, Washington , DC 20540. keywords: ala; alphabet; ascii; bibliographic; bit; character; codes; columns; congress; cyrillic; data; default; escape; extended; extension; field; greek; iso; library; marc; nonroman; p p; present; principles; records; rlin; sequence; sets; standard; subfield; table; title; use cache: ital-5297.pdf plain text: ital-5297.txt item: #559 of 712 id: ital-5298 author: Woods, Lawrence A. title: Checklist for Cassette Recorders Connected to CRTs date: 1981-09-01 words: 1610 flesch: 62 summary: OCLC OCLC does not currently encourage public access to their database and does not support use of local online catalogs on their computer due to the tremendous demand for computer resources exerted by 2400 member libraries. RLIN data has been successfully transferred to several local circulation systems. keywords: baud; cassette; catalog; circulation; computer; data; features; libraries; library; local; member; mode; oclc; online; operations; printer; public; rate; recorder; recording; rlin; system; terminal; use; useful; wln cache: ital-5298.pdf plain text: ital-5298.txt item: #560 of 712 id: ital-5300 author: Malinconico, S. Michael title: LITA Award, 1980: Maurice J. Freedman date: 1981-09-01 words: 1108 flesch: 49 summary: His contribution comes from the depth of sensitivity and understanding he brought to the application of technology to library service. Mitch, like the philosopher and satirist whose images grace the walls of his office, is an iconoclast who insists on more than the endorsement of reigning authority before he will embrace an idea; and he will work tirelessly to change the prevailing wisdom if he finds that it serves to frustrate rather than aid the delivery of the kind and quality of library service to which he feels the patrons of libraries are entitled. keywords: automated; automation; award; berkeley; bibliographic; delivery; effective; freedman; libraries; library; lita; maurice; meeting; mitch; service; system; technology; university; wisdom; year cache: ital-5300.pdf plain text: ital-5300.txt item: #561 of 712 id: ital-5301 author: Crawford, Walt title: News and Announcements date: 1981-09-01 words: 1592 flesch: 57 summary: Forty-one percent of the CHANNEL 2000 test group felt that their knowledge of library services increased as a result of the CHANNEL 2000 test. Cataloging records loaded from OCLC MARC records by tape and from a microcomputer interface at the OCLC printer port. keywords: access; agencies; available; cataloging; channel; computer; control; format; group; home; ibm; information; installations; language; libraries; library; marc; midwinter; notis; oclc; online; percent; programmers; public; records; serials; services; system; test; topic; use cache: ital-5301.pdf plain text: ital-5301.txt item: #562 of 712 id: ital-5303 author: Aveny, Brian title: Editor's Notes date: 1981-01-01 words: 372 flesch: 56 summary: Under the editorships of Fre- derick G. Kilgour and Susan K. Martin, ]OLA established itself as a major source of information about developments in library automation. We encourage you to participate in standards development efforts when possible. keywords: automation; information; issue; library; new; number; standard; volume cache: ital-5303.pdf plain text: ital-5303.txt item: #563 of 712 id: ital-5305 author: Dillon, Martin; Knight, Rebecca C.; Lospinuso, Margaret F.; Ulmschneider, John title: The Use of Automatic Indexing for Authority Control date: 1981-01-01 words: 3846 flesch: 61 summary: The stop-word list elim- inates all unwanted words in the list of variant name forms. The unmatched terms (213) are largely vari- ants not in the database but gleaned from reference sources in anticipation of their occurrence, and authority forms, most of which do not occur in the database. keywords: authoritative; authority; authority control; authority file; automatic; automatic indexing; bibliographic; books; carolina; chapel; collection; composer; control; criteria; dillon; document; field; figure; file; format; forms; hill; indexing; input; library; list; marc; match; matching; names; new; north; number; order; patron; processing; program; records; similar; software; stop; system; term; text; thesaurus; tune; type; university; update; variant; vocabulary; words cache: ital-5305.pdf plain text: ital-5305.txt item: #564 of 712 id: ital-5306 author: Freedman, Maurice J. title: Circulation Systems Past and Present date: 1981-01-01 words: 3790 flesch: 59 summary: A review of the development of circulation systems shows two areas of change. An examination of the history of circulation systems and their evolution to the present state reveals the change in outlook from a narrow view of the circulation function to a broader view. keywords: access; author; book; borrower; card; charge; circulation; circulation systems; collection; computer; control; date; dummy; file; freedman; identification; information; inventory; items; ledger; libraries; library; materials; minimal; model; newark; number; online; patron; possible; public; record; registration; service; shelf; system; title; transactions; user cache: ital-5306.pdf plain text: ital-5306.txt item: #565 of 712 id: ital-5307 author: Gapen, D. Kaye title: MARC Format Simplification date: 1981-01-01 words: 4517 flesch: 46 summary: The origi- nal paper was commissioned in June 1981, by the ARL Task Force on Bibliographic Control as one facet in exploring the per- ceived high costs of cataloging and adher- ing to MARC formats in ARL libraries. The general thrust of that review is a close examination of the MARC format in an attempt to begin to lay the foundation on which revised MARC formats can firmly stand- particularly in regard to content designa- tion (tags, indicators, and subfield codes used to identify and characterize the data explicitly). keywords: benefits; bibliographic; cataloging; catalogs; changes; codes; coding; communications; computer; computing; control; costs; data; database; description; design; development; elements; example; experience; format; general; impact; information; internal; level; libraries; library; major; marc; marc format; national; needs; new; online; operations; people; perspective; processing; records; relationships; retrieval; second; simplification; specificity; standards; systems; technical; time; training; use; variety; work cache: ital-5307.pdf plain text: ital-5307.txt item: #566 of 712 id: ital-5308 author: Crowley, Terence title: Comparing Fiche and Film: A Test of Speed date: 1981-01-01 words: 2281 flesch: 63 summary: 7. William Saffady, Computer-Output Micro- film: Its Library Applications (Chicago: American Library Assn., 1978), lOOp. (Chicago: American Library Assn., 1978), 47p. 9. keywords: american; author; berkeley; book; catalogs; com; data; electronic; entries; faster; fiche; file; film; format; items; libraries; library; marc; microfilm; minutes; motorized; need; order; percent; public; readers; report; results; retrieval; searching; speed; state; study; system; test; time; transmission; university; users; vendor cache: ital-5308.pdf plain text: ital-5308.txt item: #567 of 712 id: ital-5309 author: Long, James K. title: Electronic Order Transmission date: 1981-01-01 words: 2065 flesch: 63 summary: Standard formats need to be accepted and enforced for order transmission. For input to BISAC purchase order for- mats, write to: J. K. Long, Chairman, BI- SAC P.O. Subcommittee, c/o OCLC, Inc., 6565 Frantz Rd., Dublin, OH 43017. keywords: academic; acquisitions; address; american; apple; available; backup; bisac; book; circulation; computer; cti; data; electronic; format; inc; industry; information; isbn; length; libraries; library; number; oclc; order; ordering; process; public; purchase; san; standard; subcommittee; system; title; transmission; use; vendor cache: ital-5309.pdf plain text: ital-5309.txt item: #568 of 712 id: ital-5310 author: Intner, Sheila title: Microcomputer Backup to Online Circulation date: 1981-01-01 words: 2113 flesch: 60 summary: Our primary objective in purchasing microcomputer systems for the Great Neck Library was to provide a better alternative to paper and pencil checkouts when our minicomputer-based CLSI LIBS 100 auto- mated circulation system was down. This appears to be slower than aver- age and may well be due to the extremely high level of system activity. keywords: apple; backup; bisac; branch; checkout; circulation; clsi; computer; cti; database; department; downtime; dumping; great; information; installation; library; libs; main; new; online; process; public; room; second; staff; station; switching; system; terminal; time; transactions cache: ital-5310.pdf plain text: ital-5310.txt item: #569 of 712 id: ital-5311 author: Paul, Sandra K. title: Computer-to-Computer Communication in the Acquisition Process date: 1981-01-01 words: 3328 flesch: 61 summary: Today more than seventy publishers are equipped to receive computer tape orders and input them di- rectly to their order fulfillment systems; twenty-six publishers can produce com- puter invoices and credits for their cus- tomers; six are capable of sending monthly updating information about titles, prices, publication dates, and books declared out of print. Random House analyzed returns for wrong title or wrong edition one year after they began receiving tape orders from Dalton, Baker & Taylor, and Brodart. keywords: baker; bisac; book; brodart; committee; communication; company; computer; customers; dalton; data; dumping; field; format; group; house; industry; information; invoice; isbn; library; mail; major; members; national; new; online; order; order format; publishers; records; search; sending; standard; subcommittee; system; tape; taylor; time; title; use; version; wholesalers; z39 cache: ital-5311.pdf plain text: ital-5311.txt item: #570 of 712 id: ital-5313 author: Aveny, Brian title: News and Announcements date: 1981-01-01 words: 2485 flesch: 43 summary: Colorado Boulder Public Library, Boulder Connecticut Thomaston Public Library, Thomaston Florida Tarpon Springs Public Library, Tarpon Springs Georgia Tri-County Regional Library, Rome Idaho Pocatello Public Library, Pocatello Illinois Pekin Public Library, Pekin Rockford Public Library, Rockford Indiana Fort Wayne Public Library, Fort Wayne Monroe County Public Library, Bloomington Iowa Kirkwood Community College Telecommunications Center, Cedar Rapids Iowa City Public Library, Iowa City Kansas Abilene Public Library, Abilene Newton Public Library, Newton Kentu cky Lexington Public Library, Lexington Louisville Public Library, Louisville Camden-Carroll Library, Morehead State University , Morehead Massachusetts Greenfield Community College Library, Greenfield South Hadley Library System, South Hadley Minn esota Anoka County Library, Fridley Cloquet Public Library, Cloquet Crow River Regional Library, Willmar International Falls Public Library, International Falls Minnesota Valley Regional Library, Mankato Marshall-Lyon County Library System, Marshall Western Plains Library System, Montevideo Rochester Public Library , Rochester St. Cloud Public Library, St. Cloud Missouri St. Charles City County Library, St. Peters New j ersey Burlington County College Library , Pemberton New York Albany Public Library, Albany Amherst Public Library , Willia msville Bethlehem Public Library, Delmar Chautauqua-Cattaraugus Library System, Jamestown Gates Public Library, Rochester Mid-York Library System, Utica Ridge Road Elementary School Library, Horseheads North Carolina Davidson County Community College Library, Lexington Ohio Greene County District Library, Xenia Public Library of Columbus and Franklin County, Columbus News and Announcements 315 University of Toledo Library, Toledo Pennsylvania Altoona Area Public Library, Altoona Lancaster County Library, Lancaster Monroeville Public Library , Monroeville Tennessee Memphis/Shelby County Public Library & Information Center, Memphis Utah Merrill Library and Learning Resources Program , Utah State University, Logan Weber County Library, Ogden Virginia Arlington County Department of Libraries, Arlington Washington Edmonds Community College Library, Lynnwood Lynnwood Public Library, Lynnwood Mountlake Terrace Public Library, Mountlake Terrace Seattle Public Library, Seattle Wisconsin Middleton Public Library, Middleton Nicolet College Learning Resource Center, Rhinelander Who's Who and What's What in Library Video and Cable For librarians interested in who is doing what in video in libraries, or in how to do it themselves, a guidebook has been published by the Video a nd Cable Communications Section of the Libra ry a nd Information Technology Association . lib-MOCS-KMC364-20131012120558 314 News and Announcements First Use of CATVLIB Network: American Red Cross Satellite Telecast On May 21, 1981 keywords: ala; american; arl; association; award; bibliographic; cable; catvlibs; college; columbus; community; county; cross; efforts; electronic; elmig; group; heynen; individuals; information; initiative; interest; libraries; library; local; mail; major; member; membership; microform; new; oclc; participation; program; project; public; public library; red; resources; satellite; service; special; state; system; telecast; university; use; utilities; video; year; york cache: ital-5313.pdf plain text: ital-5313.txt item: #571 of 712 id: ital-5314 author: Thompson, Donald; Lau, Frances title: Book Reviews date: 1981-01-01 words: 1643 flesch: 57 summary: For example, in the sec- tion Current Books, there is a see refer- ence from A. I. (Artificial Intelligence) to Cybernetics/ Artificial Intelligence/Ro- bots, but none from Artificial Intelli- gence. The main text walks the reader through each element of a contract (e.g., terms of agree- ment, specification of governing law, schedule, acceptance testing, etc.), pro- vides sample contract language and adds comments and recommendations for how to cope with specific problems (e. g., negoti- ation of system reliability standards, p. 3-4). keywords: artificial; automation; book; business; comments; computer; contract; current; edition; information; intelligence; international; journals; language; library; negotiation; preface; reference; resources; science; section; systems; tacoma; text; titles; useful; word cache: ital-5314.pdf plain text: ital-5314.txt item: #572 of 712 id: ital-5315 author: Aveny, Brian title: Highlights of LITA Board Meetings date: 1981-01-01 words: 2156 flesch: 64 summary: A motion was made by Cyr, and passed that LIT A Board approve ad hoc LIT A A-V Section participation in a broad- based Task Force involving RTSD, PLA, ACRL, AASL and others to coordi- nate audiovisual-related activities. Dis- cussion included the mechanics of keeping the membership informed of proposed standards being considered, the large amount of time required of the representa- Highlights of Meetings 323 tive to monitor, study, and disseminate the proposed standards, and the costs involved for LIT A to support a representative. keywords: ala; board; bonnie; chairperson; committee; conference; discussion; electronic; group; information; isas; juergens; kenney; large; library; lit; lita; mail; malinconico; marilyn; markuson; members; michael; motion; philadelphia; planning; president; program; project; rehnberg; section; y y cache: ital-5315.pdf plain text: ital-5315.txt item: #573 of 712 id: ital-5341 author: Lamothe, Alain R. title: The Importance of Identifying and Accommodating E-Resource Usage Data for the Presence of Outliers. The Negative Impacts of Inaccurate E-Journal Usage Data. date: 2014-06-22 words: 5770 flesch: 50 summary: Suspected usage outliers from an e-journal need to be compared to other usage values of that particular title because each e-journal tends to be used differently. For this reason, it is extremely important not to assume the accuracy of usage values without carefully examining the data. keywords: affected; articles; available; bold; calculated; collection; copyright; cost; critical; data; dataset; desmarais; detection; downloading; downloads; extreme; greater; hypothesis; ibid; illegal; importance; information; journal; jr1; june; lamothe; laurentian; libraries; library; median; new; november; number; october; outliers; particular; percent; period; polymer; presence; recorded; resources; result; spreadsheet; statistics; step; students; table; technology; text; time; title; university; usage; use; values; web; year cache: ital-5341.pdf plain text: ital-5341.txt item: #574 of 712 id: ital-5365 author: Trainor, Cindi title: President's Message date: 2013-12-22 words: 624 flesch: 58 summary: Midwinter Activities In other governance news, the Board will have an online meeting in January 2014, prior to Cindi Trainor (cindiann@gmail.com) is LITA President 2013-14 and Community Specialist & Trainer for Springshare, LLC. Our one-hour meeting will be spent asking and answering questions of those who typically submit written reports for Board meetings: the Vice-President, the President, and the Executive Director. keywords: a.m.; conference; forum; january; libraries; lita; meeting; midwinter; pcc; president; trainor cache: ital-5365.pdf plain text: ital-5365.txt item: #575 of 712 id: ital-5367 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments date: 2013-12-22 words: 343 flesch: 31 summary: Microsoft Word - ital_december_gerrity_final.docx   Editor’s Comments Bob Gerrity     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGIES  AND  LIBRARIES  |  SEPTEMBER  2013   3     This  Month’s  Issue   We  have  an  eclectic  mix  of  content  in  this  issue  of  Information  Technology  and  Libraries.   Editor’s Comments Bob Gerrity   EDITOR’S  COMMENTS  |  GERRITY       4         keywords: access; content; gerrity; graphical; libraries; library; lita cache: ital-5367.pdf plain text: ital-5367.txt item: #576 of 712 id: ital-5377 author: Thornburg, Gail title: A Candid Look at Collected Works: Challenges of Clustering Aggregates in GLIMIR and FRBR date: 2014-08-25 words: 5046 flesch: 55 summary: In addition, it should be recognized that the FRBR algorithms use a map/reduce keyed approach to cluster FRBR works and some GLIMIR content while the full GLIMIR algorithms use a more detailed and computationally expensive record comparison approach. A Candid Look at Collected Works: Challenges of Clustering Aggregates in GLIMIR and FRBR Gail Thornburg INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2014 53 ABSTRACT Creating descriptions of collected works in ways consistent with clear and precise retrieval has long challenged information professionals. keywords: aggregates; algorithms; approach; author; bible; bibliographic; candid; cases; cataloging; checks; clues; clustering; clusters; collected; collected works; content; database; different; evidence; experience; field; frbr; glimir; group; information; initial; large; libraries; library; look; manifestation; matches; matching; model; multiple; music; musical; need; number; overclustering; problem; recordings; records; relationships; rules; score; september; set; sets; single; software; team; technology; thematic; thornburg; title; types; uniform; use; work; worldcat cache: ital-5377.pdf plain text: ital-5377.txt item: #577 of 712 id: ital-5378 author: Bennett, Rick; O'Neill, Edward T.; Kammerer, Kerre title: assignFAST: An Autosuggest based tool for FAST Subject Assignment date: 2014-03-25 words: 2705 flesch: 46 summary: USE Feature films Motion pictures Motorcars (Automobiles) USE Automobiles Motion picture music Background music for motion pictures USE Motion picture music Motion pictures for the hearing impaired USE Films for the hearing impaired Documentaries, Motion picture USE Documentary films Mother of God USE Mary, Blessed Virgin, Saint The headings in assignFAST are ranked by how often they are used in WorldCat, so headings that are more common appear at the top. assignFAST web service results description. keywords: application; assignfast; assignment; authority; authorized; autosuggest; breaker; cataloging; control; description; diacritics; edward; example; facet; function; heading; indicator; information; input; interface; jquery; kammerer; libraries; library; marcbreaker; march; motion; number; oclc; o’neill; phase; pictures; raw; research; script; search; selection; service; subfield; subject; technology; term; text; tool; type="text; typical; use; web cache: ital-5378.pdf plain text: ital-5378.txt item: #578 of 712 id: ital-5403 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: A Considerable Technology Asset that Has Little to Do with Technology. date: 2014-03-25 words: 893 flesch: 42 summary: My primary reasoning for this is that technology is (1) fairly opaque to people outside of technology areas and (2) technology is driving so much of the rapid change we are experiencing in libraries. In many ways, our reputation as a committed service profession will be affected by out tech staffs’ ability to interact well with end users, and ultimately, I believe the proportion of our tech staff that have a high EQ could be one the strongest predictor s of the long-term success for technology teams in libraries. keywords: areas; awareness; board; change; dehmlow; editorial; importance; intelligence; issue; libraries; people; self; technology; type; users; work cache: ital-5403.pdf plain text: ital-5403.txt item: #579 of 712 id: ital-5404 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: Review of EPUB 3: Best Practices date: 2014-03-25 words: 801 flesch: 63 summary: So if different versions of the same spec are so different, with no guarantee that a future reading system will be able to read documents adhering to a previous version, then the prospect of reading EPUB documents into the future is pretty sketchy. Are e-books, then, just convenient and cool mechanisms for currently reading longish narrative prose—convenient and cool, but transitory? keywords: book; chapter; contents; core; document; epub; example; files; list; markup; package; reading; table; use cache: ital-5404.pdf plain text: ital-5404.txt item: #580 of 712 id: ital-5480 author: Ward, David; Hahn, James; Mestre, Lori title: Adventure Code Camp: Library Mobile Design in the Backcountry date: 2014-09-25 words: 3582 flesch: 43 summary: Given the brief turnaround time, the research team put a heavy focus during the orientation session on clearly articulating the need to develop apps germane to student library needs. This case study reviews process, outcomes, and next steps in mobile web app coding camps. keywords: academic; apis; app; application; apps; available; camp; campus; code; coding; data; day; design; development; event; experience; features; feedback; hahn; ideas; information; interviews; key; libraries; library; mestre; method; mobile; needs; new; opportunity; process; prototypes; related; research; resources; services; skills; software; specific; student; study; team; technology; use; ward; work cache: ital-5480.pdf plain text: ital-5480.txt item: #581 of 712 id: ital-5485 author: Williams, Leslie A.; Fox, Lynne M; Roeder, Christophe; Hunter, Lawrence title: Negotiating a Text Mining License for Faculty Researchers date: 2014-09-25 words: 7038 flesch: 39 summary: At  CU  Anschutz,  this  vacuum  was  filled  by  Williams,  who  is  knowledgeable  about   the  acquisition  of  content,  and  Fox,  who  is  knowledgeable  about  Hunter’s  research,  serving  as  the   bridge  between  the  research  group  and  the  STEM  publisher.   Furthermore,  the  McKinsey  report  points  out  that   North  America  and  Europe  have  the  greatest  potential  to  take  advantage  of  innovation  because  of   a  well-­‐developed  infrastructure  and  large  stores  of  text  and  data  to  be  mined.20  However,  these   new  and  evolving  technologies  are  challenging  the  current  intellectual-­‐property  framework  as   noted  in  an  independent  report  by  Ian  Hargreaves,  “Digital  Opportunity:  A  Review  of  Intellectual   Property  and  Growth,”  resulting  in  lost  opportunity  for  innovation  and  economic  growth.21  In  “The   Value  and  Benefits  of  Text  Mining,”  JISC  finds  copyright  restrictions  limit  access  to  content  for  text   mining  in  the  biomedical  sciences  and  chemistry  and  that  costs  for  access  and  infrastructure   prevent  entry  into  text-­‐mining  research  for  many  noncommercial  organizations.22  Despite   copyright  barriers,  organizations  surveyed  pointed  out  the  risks  associated  with  failing  to  use  text-­‐ mining  techniques  to  further  research  include  financial  loss,  loss  of  prestige,  opportunity  lost,  and   the  brain  drain  of  having  talented  staff  seek  more  fulfilling  work. keywords: access; agreement; analysis; anschutz; articles; available; biomedical; bnlp; collection; colorado; content; copyright; costs; data; dataset; development; elsevier; fox; group; hunter; information; journal; knowledge-­‐based; large; libraries; library; license; literature; mining; model; new; potential; publishers; publishing; research; researchers; rights; scholarly; staff; system; technology; text; text-­‐mining; university; use; value; vendor; williams; xml cache: ital-5485.pdf plain text: ital-5485.txt item: #582 of 712 id: ital-5495 author: Fortier, Alexandre; Burkell, Jacquelyn title: Hidden Online Surveillance: What Librarians Should Know to Protect Their Own Privacy and That of Their Patrons date: 2015-09-21 words: 5950 flesch: 41 summary: There  can  be  no  question  that  behavioral  tracking  is  a  form  of  surveillance  (Castelluccia  and   Narayanan  2012),  and  the  ubiquity  of  this  practice  means  that  users  are  regularly  subject  to  this   type  of  surveillance  when  they  access  online  resources.   The   2013  US  Consumer  Data  Privacy  Study  (TRUSTe  2013),  for  example,  reveals  that  80  percent  of   users  are  aware  of  online  behavioral  tracking  on  their  desktop  devices,  while  slightly  under  70   percent  are  aware  of  tracking  on  mobile  devices  (see  also  Office  of  the  Privacy  Commissioner  of   Canada  2013). keywords: address; adobe; advertising; association; beacons; behavioral; browser; burkell; collection; cookies; cranor; data; different; digital; doi; flash; fortier; http; identifiable; information; internet; librarians; library; literacy; mechanisms; network; new; online; patrons; practices; privacy; resources; search; september; sites; soltani; strategies; surveillance; technologies; third-­‐party; tracking; understanding; users; visit; web; website cache: ital-5495.pdf plain text: ital-5495.txt item: #583 of 712 id: ital-5576 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: The Checklist date: 2014-06-22 words: 1303 flesch: 53 summary: Viewing software packages as types of genres is useful insofar as, when it comes time to assemble requirements for a new project or ser vice, thinking of existing software systems as concrete instantiations of such requirements speeds the accomplishment of this task. It doesn’t take much insight to see that software packages map to services and that groups of these packages cluster around such services. keywords: access; archival; board; checklist; content; cyzyk; data; editorial; genres; image; information; islandora; libraries; library; management; need; packages; pronovost; repository; requirements; services; similar; software; systems; types cache: ital-5576.pdf plain text: ital-5576.txt item: #584 of 712 id: ital-5583 author: Grant, Robert S. title: Predicting the Need for Multiple Copies of Books date: 1971-06-01 words: 2738 flesch: 69 summary: An article by William L. Leffler ( 1) suggested a system of adapting industrial inventory techniques to the problem of identifying books to be duplicated that would be compatible with the Library's computer based circulation system and also could be expected to be simpler and more thorough than the above method of buying multiple copies. The circulation analysis programme was executed at the end of one academic year in order to provide the University of Windsor librarians with guidelines for purchase of multiple copies of books to be used in the next academic year. keywords: academic; analysis; book; borrower; circulation; column; copies; copy; data; days; demand; file; formula; length; library; loan; multiple; need; number; order; print; programme; record; requests; time; title; university; windsor; year cache: ital-5583.pdf plain text: ital-5583.txt item: #585 of 712 id: ital-5586 author: Sumarokov, Leonid N. title: On the Recursive Definition of a Format for Communication date: 1971-06-01 words: 945 flesch: 43 summary: Thus, the problem of a format for communica- tion reflects the existing tendency toward ensuring compatibility among formats. It has a different purpose, viz., to point out wider perspectives that will unfold by applying the recursive presentation of notations in formats at the expense of an object with any hierarchical depth. keywords: application; bibliographic; certain; communication; data; format; information; interchange; magnetic; notation; presentation; recursive; standard; structure; tape cache: ital-5586.pdf plain text: ital-5586.txt item: #586 of 712 id: ital-5592 author: Mathis, Robert F.; Hopkins, Judith; Line, Maurice B. title: Book Reviews date: 1971-09-01 words: 1406 flesch: 64 summary: 4/3 September, 1971 A. J. Wells opened the Conference with a paper introducing U.K. MARC and closed it with a paper stating its relationship to the British National Bibliography. Points of interest are the need for standardisation among libraries (not smprisingly, this theme occurs throughout) and the differ- ences between U.K. MARC and L.C. MARC (the latter being the odd one out, in its departures from AACR 67). keywords: available; basic; book; examples; features; fields; films; format; fortran; good; interest; language; level; libraries; machines; manuals; marc; material; paper; problems; programming; u.k; use cache: ital-5592.pdf plain text: ital-5592.txt item: #587 of 712 id: ital-5595 author: Schieber, William D.; Thomas, George W. title: An Algorithm for Compaction of Alphanumeric Data date: 1971-12-01 words: 3512 flesch: 67 summary: One approach to this type of extension is to take a particular type of character string, namely a word, and to encode certain words which appear frequently. The second type of approach involves the replacement, by shorter non- data strings, of longer character strings known to exist with a high fre- quency in the data. keywords: algorithm; alphanumeric; analysis; approach; base; bibliographic; byte; case; character; codable; code; combination; compaction; compression; computer; data; december; demaine; digram; disk; encode; encoding; english; file; following; frequency; graphics; length; library; longer; lower; number; output; possible; ratio; records; replacement; set; single; special; step; storage; string; table; technique; thomas; time; total; type cache: ital-5595.pdf plain text: ital-5595.txt item: #588 of 712 id: ital-5596 author: Kilgour, Frederick G. title: Title-Only Entries Retrieved by Use of Truncated Search Keys date: 1971-12-01 words: 1637 flesch: 65 summary: Similarly, the work of Rothrock ( 8) inquired into the efficacy of derived truncated search keys for retrieving telephone directory entries from an on-line file. The system utilizes truncated derived keys like those investigated in the present experiments. keywords: 3,3; automation; bibliographic; entries; experiment; fewer; file; keys; library; line; maximum; number; paper; replies; retrieval; search; string; system; time; title; word cache: ital-5596.pdf plain text: ital-5596.txt item: #589 of 712 id: ital-5597 author: Long, Philip L.; Kilgour, Frederick G. title: Name-Title Entry Retrieval From a MARC File date: 1971-12-01 words: 548 flesch: 59 summary: Initial articles were deleted in Yale titles, but only English articles in MARC titles because the language of foreign language titles is not identified in MARC. Possible influences that might have led to different results were the existence of errors in the Yale file, a significant proportion of foreign titles in the Yale file as compared to the nearly all-English MARC file, and the inability to mechanically delete the initial articles in the few foreign language MARC titles. keywords: entries; file; library; marc; previous; retrieval; search; study; titles; yale cache: ital-5597.pdf plain text: ital-5597.txt item: #590 of 712 id: ital-5598 author: Nance, Richard E.; Wickham, W. Kenneth; Duggan, Maryann title: A Computer System for Effective Management of a Medical Library Network date: 1971-12-01 words: 2427 flesch: 48 summary: 4) TRIPS is extremely sensitive to system integrity, providing diagnosis of input data, reporting of errors, magnetic tape backup of data files, and a system failsafe tape. 5) Eventual need for a network manage- ment information system ( NEMIS) being recognized, the TALON report- ing and information processing system (TRIPS) was designed as the first step in the creation of NEMIS. keywords: activity; automation; data; design; environment; error; file; for23.dat; headquarters; information; input; journal; libraries; library; management; medical; nemis; network; operations; output; paper; processing; program; records; regional; report; reporting; requests; resource; software; statistics; system; talon; tape; time; transaction; trips; unfilled; year cache: ital-5598.pdf plain text: ital-5598.txt item: #591 of 712 id: ital-5600 author: Promann, Marlen; Zhang, Tao title: Applying Hierarchical Task Analysis Method to Discovery Layer Evaluation date: 2015-03-30 words: 11735 flesch: 50 summary: Steps  that  were  likely  to  mislead  users  from  the  optimal  path  to  item   retrieval  and  were  a  burden  to  user’s  workflow  were  marked  with  a  red  ‘X’  (see  figures  4  and  5).   While  most   tasks  were  accomplished  successfully,  the  study  confirmed  previous  warnings  that  users  do  not   understand  the  complexities  of  search  and  identified  several  interface  issues:  (1)  users  desire   single  search,  but  willingly  use  multiple  options  for  search,  (2)  lack  of  visibility  for  the  option  to   sort  search  results,  and  (3)  the  difficulty  in  finding  journal  articles.[3]     Yang  and  Wagner  offer  one  case  where  the  aim  was  to  evaluate  discovery  layers  against  a  check-­‐ list  of  12  features  that  would  define  a  true  ‘next  generation  catalogue’:     (1)  Single  point  of  entry  to  all  library  information,     (2)  State-­‐of-­‐the-­‐art  web  interface  (e.g.  Google  and  Amazon),     (3)  Enriched  content  (e.g.  book  cover  images,  ratings  and  comments),     (4)  Faceted  navigation  for  search  results,     (5)  Simple  keyword  search  on  every  page,     (6)  More  precise  relevancy  (with  circulation  statistics  a  contributing  factor),     (7)  Automatic  spell  check,     (8)  Recommendations  to  related  materials  (common  in  commercial  sites,  e.g.  Amazon),     (9)  Allowing  users  to  add  data  to  records  (e.g.  reviews),       INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015   81   (10)  RSS  feeds  to  allow  users  to  follow  top  circulating  books  or  topic  related  updates  in  the   library  catalogue,     (11)  Links  to  social  networking  sites  to  allow  users  to  share  their  resources,     (12)  Stable  URL’s  that  can  be  easily  copied,  pasted  and  shared. keywords: analysis; article; availability; available; average; book; case; cognitive; comparison; context; databases; design; details; different; discovery; ebooks; evaluation; experience; figure; filters; goal; hierarchical; hta; information; interface; issues; item; journal; key; layers; libraries; library; march; method; new; number; online; open; options; page; physical; possible; primo; print; process; promann; purdue; relevant; request; results; scenarios; search; specific; steps; studies; study; support; system; task; technology; testing; tests; time; uborrow; university; usability; users; website; workflow; zhang cache: ital-5600.pdf plain text: ital-5600.txt item: #592 of 712 id: ital-5607 author: Stuart, Kenyon; Varnum, Ken; Ahronheim, Judith title: Measuring Journal Linking Success from a Discovery Service date: 2015-03-30 words: 8663 flesch: 60 summary: links  used  for  1-­‐Click.   2. links  in  the  360  Link  menu  that  were  not  used  for  1-­‐Click  when  360  Link  attempted  to  link   to  full  text  using  1-­‐Click   3. links  in  the  360  Link  menu  where  clicking  the  link  in  Summon  led  directly  to  the  360  Link   menu  instead  of  using  1-­‐Click             MEASURING  JOURNAL  LINKING  SUCCESS  FROM  A  DISCOVERY  SERVICE  |  STUART,  VARNUM,  AND   AHRONHEIM   69     Sample  1   Nov.  2012   n  =  167   Sample  2   Dec.  2012   n  =  158   Sample  3   Jan.  2013   n  =  184   Sample  4   Jan.  2013   n  =  172   Full  Text/Page  with  full-­‐text  link   81   48.5%   84   53.2%   103   56.0%   87   50.6%   Abstract/Citation  Only   0   0.0%   0   0.0%   1   0.5%   0   0.0%   Unable  to  access  full  text  through  available   full-­‐text  link   0.0%   0   0.0%   0   0.0%   Error  and  no  full-­‐text  link  on  target   10   6.0%   1   0.6%   6   3.3%   5   2.9%   Failed  to  find  DOI  through  link  in  360  Link   menu   3   1.8%   5   3.2%   5   2.7%   8   4.7%   Main  journal  page   22   13.2%   24   15.2%   17   9.2%   15   8.7%   Other   2   1.2%   0   0.0%   1   0.5%   2   1.2%   360  Link  menu  with  no  full-­‐text  links   0   0.0%   2   1.3%   3   1.6%   3   1.7%   Results  list   9   5.4%   4   2.5%   10   5.4%   3   1.7%   Search  box   6   3.6%   7   4.4%   5   2.7%   8   4.7%   Table  of  Contents   12   7.2%   6   3.8%   10   5.4%   9   5.2%   Listing  of  volumes/issues   9   5.4%   9   5.7%   5   2.7%   6   3.5%   Wrong  article   3   1.8%   1   0.6%   1   0.5%   2   1.2%   Table  6.  Results  with  360  Link:  All  Links  Produced  by  360  Link   In  addition  to  recording  what  happened,  we  attempted  to  determine  why  links  failed  to  reach  full   text. keywords: 1-­‐click; access; article; available; data; direct; error; failure; full-­‐text; incorrect; information; journal; libraries; library; link; linking; march; menu; metadata; openurl; page; problems; records; results; sample; service; site; success; summon; table; target; testing; text; user cache: ital-5607.pdf plain text: ital-5607.txt item: #593 of 712 id: ital-5625 author: Young, Scott Woodward Hazard; Rossmann, Doralyn title: Building Library Community Through Social Media date: 2015-03-30 words: 5457 flesch: 42 summary: ”33  Lee,  Yen,  and   Hsiao  studied  the  value  of  interaction  and  information  sharing  on  social  media:  “A  sense  of   belonging  is  achieved  when  a  friend  replies  to  or  ‘Likes’  a  post  on  Facebook.”34  Lee  found  that   Facebook  users  perceived  real-­‐world  social  value  from  shared  trust  and  shared  vision  developed   and  expressed  through  information-­‐sharing  on  social  media.  Research  from  Oh,  Ozkaya,  and     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015      22   LaRose  indicated  that  users  who  engaged  in  a  certain  quality  of  social  media  interactivity   perceived  an  enhanced  sense  of  community  and  life  satisfaction.35   Broader  discussion  of  social  media  as  a  tool  for  community-­‐building  has  been  advanced  within  the   context  of  political  activity,  where  social  media  is  identified  as  a  method  for  organizing  civic  action   and  revolutionary  protests.36,37,38  Related  research  focuses  on  the  online  social  connections  and   “virtual  communities”  developed  around  common  interests  such  as  religion,39  health,40   education,41  social  interests  and  norms,42  politics,43  web-­‐video  sharing,44  and  reading.45  In  these   analyses,  social  media  is  framed  as  an  online  instrument  utilized  to  draw  together  offline  persons.   Hofer  notes  that  communities  formed  online  through  social  media  activity  can  generate  a  sense  of   “online  bonding  social  capital. keywords: academic; activity; analysis; approach; building; categories; category; community; content; facebook; figure; focus; followers; guide; information; interaction; journal; libraries; library; marketing; media; networking; object; offline; online; percent; phase; rate; research; rossmann; sense; services; smg; social; student; study; technology; tweets; twitter; university; user; web; young cache: ital-5625.pdf plain text: ital-5625.txt item: #594 of 712 id: ital-5629 author: Nelson, David; Turney, Linda title: What’s in a word? : Rethinking facet headings in a discovery service date: 2015-06-15 words: 7260 flesch: 47 summary: Yet  all  discovery  services  also  include  facets  as  a  search  capability  and  thus  provide  faceted   navigation  that  is  a  search  feature  for  which  Google  is  not  particularly  well  suited.   Three  features  stand  out:  (1)  the  importance  of  facets  as  a  key  component  in  the   search  design;  (2)  the  personalization  of  the  text  that  instructs  the  user;  and  (3)  intelligibility  of   facet  labels. keywords: academic; box; clear; content; design; discovery; e-­‐commerce; experience; faceted; facets; feature; filter; google; headings; important; information; interface; june; labels; language; libraries; library; linguistic; narrow; navigation; need; nelson; objects; personalization; problem; process; range; results; search; searcher; service; sites; subject; systems; technology; term; text; turney; types; user; websites; word cache: ital-5629.pdf plain text: ital-5629.txt item: #595 of 712 id: ital-5638 author: Zak, Elizabeth title: Do You Believe in Magic? Exploring the Conceptualization of Augmented Reality and its Implications for the User in the Field of Library and Information Science date: 2014-12-18 words: 12672 flesch: 36 summary: AR  needs  to  happen  at  the  same  speed  as  real  life—virtual  actions   coinciding  with  human  actions,  and  variable  across  users.   In  computer-­‐science  literature,  users   are  those  reacting  to  AR  and  providing  AR  researchers  with  content  for  AR  modification  as   evaluators  of  the  technology. keywords: access; analysis; applications; behavior; blog; books; change; characteristics; codes; conceptualization; connectivity; content; creating; data; december; design; development; digital; direction; enhancement; environment; expectations; experience; field; focus; human; important; information; interaction; interactivity; internet; knowledge; learning; libraries; library; life; like; lis; lista; literature; magic; media; mobile; model; need; new; physical; potential; practitioners; rct; reality; research; researchers; role; science; search; seeking; services; set; social; sources; studies; study; technology; terms; theories; theory; understanding; user; user-­‐centric; view; virtual; way; ways; world; zak cache: ital-5638.pdf plain text: ital-5638.txt item: #596 of 712 id: ital-5650 author: Liu, Yan Quan; Briggs, Sarah title: A Library in the Palm of Your Hand: Mobile Services in Top 100 University Libraries date: 2015-06-15 words: 6233 flesch: 45 summary: INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGIES  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015   141     Mobile  Services   Percentage  of   libraries  offering   service  (Website   Visits)   Percentage  of   libraries  offering   service  (Survey)   E-­‐books   100%   85.29%   Mobile  databases   92.90%   70.59%   Mobile  OPAC   87.80%   88.24%   Mobile  website   80.80%   82.35%   Text  messaging   80.80%   73.53%   QR  codes   61.60%   55.88%   Mobile  app  for  site   20.20%   38.24%   Augmented  reality   7.00%   2.94%   Table  2.   100% of libraries with mobile sites include library hours on their site, making this the most common feature. keywords: academic; access; apps; briggs; catalog; codes; common; databases; devices; e-­‐books; information; libraries; library; liu; messaging; mobile; offering; popular; reality; reference; respondents; results; services; sites; survey; technologies; technology; text; universities; university; use; visits; walsh; website cache: ital-5650.pdf plain text: ital-5650.txt item: #597 of 712 id: ital-5666 author: Vacek, Rachel title: President’s Message: UX Thinking and the LITA Member Experience date: 2014-09-25 words: 1769 flesch: 49 summary: Luckily, there were multiple times when I felt embraced by LITA members, such as participating in BIGWIG’s Social Media Showcase, teaching pre-conferences, hanging out at the Happy Hours, and attending the Forums. To be clear, when I say LITA member, I am including board members, committee members and chairs, interest group members and chairs, representatives, and those just observing on the sidelines. keywords: committee; design; elements; experience; goals; good; great; information; interaction; library; lita; members; need; new; opportunities; overall; president; services; site; thinking; user; web cache: ital-5666.pdf plain text: ital-5666.txt item: #598 of 712 id: ital-5699 author: Holstein, Ann L title: Geographic Information and Technologies in Academic Research Libraries: An ARL Survey of Services and Support date: 2015-03-30 words: 5028 flesch: 36 summary: Location     GEOGRAPHIC  INFORMATION  AND  TECHNOLOGIES  IN  ACADEMIC  RESEARCH  LIBRARIES  |  HOLSTEIN   41   At  36%  of  responding  libraries,  the  geographic  information  services  area  is  located  where  the   paper  maps  are  (map  department/services);  19%  have  separated  this  area  and  designated  it  as  a   geospatial  data  center,  GIS,  or  data  services  department;  13%  integrate  it  with  the  reference   department;  and  just  4%  of  libraries  house  the  GIS  area  in  government  documents.   %  of  Libraries  (2014)   Map  Department/Services   43   36   Government  Documents   39   4   Reference   10   13   Geospatial  Data  Center,  GIS,  or  Data  Services   3   19   Not  in  any  one  location   -­‐   9   Digital  Scholarship  Center   -­‐   6   Combined  Area  (i.e.,  Map  Dept.  &  Gov.  Docs.)   keywords: academic; area; arl; available; campus; center; collection; data; department; equipment; esri; geographic; gis; gps; information; kit; libraries; library; location; map; mapping; maps; needs; patrons; remote; research; services; software; spec; staff; students; support; survey; technologies; technology; training; university; users cache: ital-5699.pdf plain text: ital-5699.txt item: #599 of 712 id: ital-5702 author: Owen, Will; Michalak, Sarah C. title: Engine Of Innovation: Building the High Performance Catalog date: 2015-06-15 words: 6749 flesch: 40 summary: 6.     Charles  R.  Hildreth,  “Beyond  Boolean;  Designing  the  Next  Generation  of  Online  Catalogs,”   Library  Trends  (Spring  1987):  647–67,  http://hdl.handle.net/2142/7500.   7.     Kristen  Antelman,  Emily  Lynema,  and  Andrew  K.  Pace,  “Toward  a  Twenty-­‐First  Century   Library  Catalog,”  Information  Technology  and  Libraries  25,  no.  3  (2006):  129,   http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v25i3.3342.   8.     Karen  Coyle,  “The  Library  Catalog:  Some  Possible  Futures,”  Journal  of  Academic  Librarianship   33,  no.  3  (2007):  415–16,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.03.001.   ENGINE  OF  INNOVATION:  BUILDING  THE  HIGH-­‐PERFORMANCE  CATALOG  |  OWEN  AND  MICHALAK       doi:  10.6017/ital.v34i2.5702   18     10.    Marshall  Breeding,  “Next-­‐Gen  Library  Catalogs,”  Library  Technology  Reports  (July/August   2007):  10–13.   11.    Jia  Mi  and  Cathy  Weng,  “Revitalizing  the  Library  OPAC:  Interface,  Searching,  and  Display   Challenges,”  Information  Technology  and  Libraries  27,  no.  1  (2008):  17–18,   http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v27i1.3259.   12.   keywords: access; bibliographic; carolina; catalog; collections; database; delivery; digital; discovery; electronic; endeca; engine; enhancements; faculty; finding; hill; important; index; information; innovation; interface; ithaka; libraries; library; literature; local; materials; metadata; new; north; online; percent; records; report; research; resources; search; services; students; subject; technology; tool; traditional; unc; university; use; users cache: ital-5702.pdf plain text: ital-5702.txt item: #600 of 712 id: ital-5721 author: Goldwyn, A. J. title: Foreward date: 1972-03-01 words: 271 flesch: 42 summary: The mere availability of equipment, of programs and tested system design, even of skilled and experienced manpower can no longer be considered enough. Increasingly, in the issues of this Journal, we hope that emphasis will be placed on reviews of experience, retro- spective evaluations of operation rather than optimistic projections made in the first bright mornings of system design. keywords: automation; design; editor; journal; kilgour; library; system cache: ital-5721.pdf plain text: ital-5721.txt item: #601 of 712 id: ital-5722 author: Hazelton, Robert S. title: Cataloging Geometry date: 1972-03-01 words: 2004 flesch: 59 summary: Both the best and the worst of this view are exhibited as it is pushed to the extreme: The failure of our present systems of book classification in no way condemns the act of classification as a fundamental bibliographic technique. Book classification, as we have used it in the past, has failed for two reasons: one, because it has been based upon the book as a physical entity without taking into consideration the inherent character of the book as a composite intellectual product; two, because of limitations arising from the properties of our hierarchical systems of classification. keywords: book; category; classification; current; difficulty; dimension; example; following; frequency; general; geometry; information; knowledge; left; libraries; library; linear; linearity; organization; pairs; particular; physical; scheme; shelf; specific; subject cache: ital-5722.pdf plain text: ital-5722.txt item: #602 of 712 id: ital-5723 author: Long, Philip L.; Kilgour, Frederick title: A Truncated Search Key Title Index date: 1972-03-01 words: 1280 flesch: 64 summary: A frequency distribution by identical keys was thus prepared, and a table constructed of percentages of numbers of equal comparisons based on the total number of distinct keys. Therefore, the experiment was designed to test the specificity of keys consisting of the first three characters of the first non-English-article word of the title plus the first letter of a variable number of consecutive words. keywords: 3,1,1,1,1; characters; entries; experiment; file; index; key; keys; library; maximum; number; search; specificity; system; title cache: ital-5723.pdf plain text: ital-5723.txt item: #603 of 712 id: ital-5725 author: Buckland, Michael K.; Gallivan, Bernard title: Circulation Control: Off-line, On-line, of Hybrid date: 1972-03-01 words: 3133 flesch: 61 summary: Since the deficiencies of off-line working are serious, various attempts have been made to develop on-line circulation systems (see Figure 2). Computer- based circulation systems offer the prospect of regaining detailed knowledge of book usage-at a price. keywords: als; automation; book; borrowing; buckland; characters; circulation; collection; complete; computer; control; cost; data; dedicated; disk; equipment; facilities; file; hybrid; illinois; information; issue; lancaster; library; line; loan; main; manner; mini; number; order; requirements; storage; store; system; tape; time; transactions; university; vol; working; years cache: ital-5725.pdf plain text: ital-5725.txt item: #604 of 712 id: ital-5727 author: Roth, Dana L. title: Scientific Serial Lists date: 1972-03-01 words: 2360 flesch: 54 summary: The publication of a serials list oriented to the needs of scientists must then provide for: scientific title entries for corporate and society publica- 54 Journal of Library Automation Vol. The use of prepositions and conjunctions as filing elements constrains these scientists to being able to translate these abbreviations only into title entries where the omitted words are obvious, e.g., Journal of the American Chemical Society but often causes problems with titles like Journal of the Less- Common Metals. keywords: american; california; card; catalog; column; computer; corporate; current; data; divisional; entries; entry; holdings; information; institute; journal; libraries; library; line; list; number; page; problems; publications; records; roth; scientific; scientists; serials; shelf; society; spacing; table; tape; technology; title; unit; use cache: ital-5727.pdf plain text: ital-5727.txt item: #605 of 712 id: ital-5728 author: Lehnus, Donald J.; Allan, Ann title: Book Reviews date: 1972-03-01 words: 1148 flesch: 48 summary: Even though this book is an excellent introduction to the rudiments of descriptive cataloging and the determination of main and added entries, Book Reviews 59 its use of British descriptive cataloging precludes its being widely adopted in beginning cataloging courses in American library schools. Even though centralized book processing might hold little appeal for the reader, this volume nonetheless is valuable to technical service heads because of its above average sophistication in applying a systems analysis approach to technical services problems. keywords: american; authors; book; british; calbpc; card; cataloging; center; centralized; descriptive; entries; headings; libraries; pages; processing; rules; student; study; title cache: ital-5728.pdf plain text: ital-5728.txt item: #606 of 712 id: ital-5730 author: Martin, Susan K. title: From the Editor date: 1972-06-01 words: 231 flesch: 54 summary: As incoming editor, I also wish to describe briefly to the subscribers and regular readers of JOLA the situation of the journal and my plans for its immediate future. During the intervening period, I will appreciate greatly the support of ISAD members, JOLA readers, authors, and the ALA staff. keywords: automation; editor; jola; journal; library cache: ital-5730.pdf plain text: ital-5730.txt item: #607 of 712 id: ital-5732 author: Miller, Jean K. title: Computer Assisted Circulation Control at Health Sciences Library SUNYAB date: 1972-06-01 words: 2800 flesch: 67 summary: Each notice lists the call number and due date for overdue books currently charged to the faculty or staff member. Adoption is simplified because of the fact that book cards are not required and that the circulation file consists only of charged materials and not a record of complete library holdings. keywords: ats; book; circulation; clerical; clo; computer; data; date; department; file; fine; health; ibm; information; input; library; line; lists; notices; number; overdue; processing; ql737; query; records; sciences; staff; storage; sunyab; system; terminal; time; transaction; user cache: ital-5732.pdf plain text: ital-5732.txt item: #608 of 712 id: ital-5733 author: Guthrie, Gerry D.; Slifko, Steven D. title: Analysis of Search Key Retrieval on a Large Bibliographic File date: 1972-06-01 words: 1635 flesch: 59 summary: INTRODUCTION Systems planners are hard pressed to accurately predict the access charac- teristics of search keys on large on-line bibliographic files when so little is known about user requests. The search key file is in sequence by search key. keywords: data; fewer; file; key; keys; library; matches; model; number; percent; random; record; requests; results; retrieval; search; survey; system; table; title; usage cache: ital-5733.pdf plain text: ital-5733.txt item: #609 of 712 id: ital-5736 author: Hammer, Donald P. title: HELP: The Automated Binding Records Control System date: 1972-06-01 words: 2313 flesch: 81 summary: One innovation is a new technique devised for libraries to reduce the clerical effort required to prepare materials for binding and to maintain the necessary related records. It was additionally realized that any new system should also be designed as a means to aid libraries with their interminable record-keeping problems. keywords: automation; bindery; binding; card; cust; data; date; fig; form; heckman; ill; index; information; libraries; library; line; new; pattern; posting; print; record; sheet; slip; spine; system; title; variable; volume cache: ital-5736.pdf plain text: ital-5736.txt item: #610 of 712 id: ital-5740 author: Saracevic, Tefko; Bierman, Kenneth J. title: Book Reviews date: 1972-09-01 words: 927 flesch: 54 summary: I personally like Proceedings that have many papers under category c); such papers make me think ( or laugh ). The great majority of papers in these Rome Pro- ceedings fall basically under category b), i.e.-'how we done it good,' and some quite obviously under a), i.e.-'have paper will travel'-well it was Rome, Italy, after all. keywords: authors; book; conference; durham; education; field; good; information; international; italy; library; papers; proceedings; rome; science; system; training cache: ital-5740.pdf plain text: ital-5740.txt item: #611 of 712 id: ital-5744 author: Brodman, Estelle title: Book Reviews date: 1972-12-01 words: 740 flesch: 49 summary: Delivery of media to users 4. Education traditional questions of bibliographic description, the most useful form of public services (including such things as interviewing requestors, seeking information on the existence of answers, locating the answers physically, providing them, evaluating them and obtaining feedback), as well as the best ways to set up networks were discussed at length. Moreover, since new technologies have sometimes been touted as the answer to many of these problems, a whole section on network technology was included. keywords: american; assumptions; best; conference; education; information; libraries; library; national; networking; networks; new; proceedings; public cache: ital-5744.pdf plain text: ital-5744.txt item: #612 of 712 id: ital-5745 author: Deodato, Joseph title: Evaluating Web-Scale Discovery Services: A Step-by-Step Guide date: 2015-06-15 words: 18874 flesch: 37 summary: 3 Create an evaluation rubric Create a comprehensive, prioritized list of product requirements rooted in staff and user needs. As  products  emerge  from   their  initial  release  and  more  information  about  them  becomes  available,  the  library  community   has  gained  a  better  understanding  of  how  web-­‐scale  discovery  services  work  and  their  particular   strengths  and  weaknesses. keywords: academic; access; additional; appendix; article; available; best; central; collections; content; coverage; criteria; customizable; data; deodato; different; discovery; doi; evaluation; features; functionality; guide; help; implementing; important; index; information; institutional; interface; ital.v34i2.5745; items; june; libraries; library; list; local; media; metadata; multiple; needs; options; process; product; questions; ranking; record; reference; relevance; relevant; requirements; research; resource; results; review; rfp; rutgers; score; search; searching; services; sources; staff; step-­‐by-­‐step; subject; support; team; technical; technology; testing; text; tools; types; university; usability; useful; users; vaughan; vendor; violence; web-­‐scale; work cache: ital-5745.pdf plain text: ital-5745.txt item: #613 of 712 id: ital-5761 author: Shoffner, Ralph title: Information Science and Automation Division Board of Directors date: 1973-03-01 words: 3219 flesch: 54 summary: The suggestion of questions was enthusiastically received and the following day Gerald Jahoda, Edward Heiliger and Charles Davis drew up a sample list of questions and outlined the following procedure: ( 1) The sample list of questions is sent to ISAD /LED Education Committee mem- bers as well as to ASIS SIG/EIS and ASIS Education Committee members for recom- mendations in the way of additions, deletions and word revisions. REPORT TO ALA PLANNING COMMITTEE. keywords: ala; asis; automation; board; cable; chairman; committee; culbertson; discussion; donald; education; fasana; force; hammer; information; institute; isad; isbd; january; kenney; las; libraries; library; list; march; meeting; members; minutes; module; motion; newsletter; objectives; paul; policy; questions; report; science; seminar; shoffner; statement; task; telecommunications; vegas cache: ital-5761.pdf plain text: ital-5761.txt item: #614 of 712 id: ital-5762 author: Martin, Susan K. title: Technical Communications date: 1973-03-01 words: 2778 flesch: 49 summary: This approach has been deemed unsatis- factory if system costs for hardware are to be kept reasonable. Other application systems, such as acquisitions and serials already are computer supported and therefore have existing machine-readable data files. keywords: application; articles; automation; available; basin; bibliographic; campus; catalog; city; communications; computer; core; costs; data; design; development; director; education; future; hardware; hawaii; information; john; libraries; library; line; locations; manoa; march; medical; national; number; operating; pacific; pan; peacesat; problems; professor; project; satellite; services; south; storage; support; survey; system; tape; technical; terminals; time; university; use; users cache: ital-5762.pdf plain text: ital-5762.txt item: #615 of 712 id: ital-5763 author: Bierman, Kenneth J.; Atherton, Pauline; Payne, Charles T.; Crawford, Walt; Martin, David S. title: Book Reviews date: 1973-03-01 words: 2052 flesch: 53 summary: For the librarian and educator who are uninitiated in systems analysis, this volume is well recommended for basic instruction in the rationale and basic elements of systems approaches to accountability. The text reads like a well-organized glossary, treats the subjects of library use of computers and systems analysis in a way at once simple and informative. keywords: accountability; analysis; article; bibliographic; book; collection; computers; control; cost; data; date; difficult; discussion; good; indexes; indexing; indiana; information; key; librarians; library; lists; major; marc; networks; papers; planning; programs; records; report; school; subject; survey; system; text; title; university; use; useful; word cache: ital-5763.pdf plain text: ital-5763.txt item: #616 of 712 id: ital-5766 author: Landgraf, Alan L.; Kilgour, Frederick G. title: Catalog Records Retrieved by Personal Author Using Derived Search Keys date: 1973-06-01 words: 1759 flesch: 68 summary: This program counted the number of distinct keys, built a fre- quency distribution of names per distinct key and cumulative frequency distributions of names per distinct key in percentile groups. lib-s-mocs-kmc364-20141005044017 Catalog Records Retrieved by Personal Author Using Derived Search Keys 103 Alan L. LANDGRAF and Frederick G. KILGOUR: The Ohio College Library Center This investigation shows that search keys derived from personal author names possess a sufficient degree of distinctness to be employed in an effi~ cient computerized interactive index to a file of MARC II catalog records having 167,7 45 personal author entries. keywords: author; automation; catalog; characters; distinctness; entries; figure; file; key; keys; library; names; number; percent; records; search; structures; table cache: ital-5766.pdf plain text: ital-5766.txt item: #617 of 712 id: ital-5767 author: Bookstein, Abraham title: Statistical Behavior of Search Keys date: 1973-06-01 words: 3411 flesch: 64 summary: This model similarly assumes that among any sizeable number of requests, the fraction of the time any particular search key value will occur is fixed; thus, for any subset of search key values, it is possible to determine how often members of that subset will occur among a set of requests. For a particular collection, letS denote the set of search key values Statistical Behavior of Search Keysj BOOKSTEIN 111 for which, say, twenty or more items are retrieved. keywords: behavior; bibliographic; collection; distribution; file; fraction; g(p; items; journal; key; keys; kilgour; library; model; nature; number; particular; probability; requests; research; search; search key; size; statistical; time; use; values cache: ital-5767.pdf plain text: ital-5767.txt item: #618 of 712 id: ital-5768 author: Bosseau, Don L. title: Technical Communications date: 1973-06-01 words: 3268 flesch: 45 summary: The U.S. group, D. Burchinal said, was particularly struck by the importance at- tached to information services by the highest levels of scientific and technolog- ical management in the U.S.S.R. and in the constituent republics. CBS Laboratories Invents Way to Produce Microfilm Pictures by Laser Dr. William E. Glenn, Jr., director of research at CBS Laboratories, a division of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., has been granted a U.S. patent for an im- proved method of recording and repro- ducing information from microfilm. keywords: access; artificial; automation; books; business; cable; campus; center; committee; communications; computer; cooperation; development; director; faculty; future; group; industry; information; institute; intelligence; june; libraries; library; microfilm; microimagery; moscow; national; new; office; picture; planning; policy; procedures; program; projects; public; research; science; scientific; services; soviet; state; steel; students; system; technical; technological; technology; television; u.s; u.s.s.r; union; university; wide; years cache: ital-5768.pdf plain text: ital-5768.txt item: #619 of 712 id: ital-5769 author: Namenwirth, S. Micha; Husbands, Charles W. title: Book Reviews date: 1973-06-01 words: 649 flesch: 59 summary: IBM's Data Pro-·' cessing Glossary and the American Na- tional Standard Vocabulary for Information Processing appear to have been important sources of information processing terms. (Bibliothekspraxis, 1) As the first volume in a new series called Bibliothekspraxis (Library Practice), V er- lag Dokumentation has published a short monograph on library automation by Paul N iewalda, of the University Library of Regensburg. keywords: american; automation; book; english; entries; german; information; languages; library; niewalda; practice; processing; term; volume cache: ital-5769.pdf plain text: ital-5769.txt item: #620 of 712 id: ital-5770 author: Ellern, Gillian (Jill) D; Hitch, Robin; Stoffan, Mark A title: User Authentication in the Public Areas of Academic Libraries in North Carolina date: 2015-06-15 words: 10231 flesch: 42 summary: The  goals  of   this  research  were  to  determine  some  answers  to  the  following  questions:   • What  is  the  current  state  of  authentication  practices  in  the  public  area  of  academic  libraries   in  North  Carolina?       • What  factors  caused  these  libraries  to  make  the  decisions  that  they  did  in  regards  to   authentication?   • Could  you  predict  whether  an  academic  library  would  require  users  to  authenticate?   LITERATURE  REVIEW   A  number  of  studies  have  discussed  various  other  aspects  of  user  authentication  in  libraries,   including  privacy  and  academic  freedom  concerns,  guest  access  policies,  differing  views  of  privacy   and  access  between  library  and  campus  IT  departments,  and  legislation  impacting  library   operations.   (See  Chart  2.)         Chart  2.     Are  some  types  of  libraries  more  likely  to  authenticate?  (Chart  3)   While  each  type  of  library  had  a  different  overall  total  as  compared  to  the  other  types,  Chart  3   shows  how  the  percentages  of  authentication  hold  for  each  type.   keywords: academic; access; area; authenticate; authentication; campus; carolina; chart; computer; concerns; control; data; doi; ellern; guest; hitch; information; issues; june; libraries; library; logs; north; number; online; patron; pcs; policies; practices; privacy; public; questions; research; resources; security; software; staff; state; stoffan; study; survey; system; technology; use; user; web cache: ital-5770.pdf plain text: ital-5770.txt item: #621 of 712 id: ital-5774 author: Landgraf, Alan L.; Rastogi, Kunj B.; Long, Philip L. title: Corporate Author Entry Records Retrieved by Use of Derived Truncated Search Keys date: 1973-09-01 words: 2050 flesch: 63 summary: Obviously a Corporate Author Entry RecordsjLANDGRAF, et al. 157 type of search key different from that which proved efficient for retrieving personal authors is required for retrieval of corporate entries. The nature of corporate entries necessitates a different search key construction from that of personal names or titles. keywords: author; average; characters; corporate; distinct; entries; entry; fewer; file; frequency; index; keys; library; maximum; number; percent; records; reply; search; table; total; truncated cache: ital-5774.pdf plain text: ital-5774.txt item: #622 of 712 id: ital-5775 author: Roberts, Justine title: Grant Project Information via a Shared Data Base date: 1973-09-01 words: 2221 flesch: 69 summary: Previous investigation by the library had revealed the fiscal infeasibility of extracting citations of publications on campus research projects from a commercially available data base. The Library, University of California, San Francisco A quarterly keyword index to campus grant projects is provided by the Health Science Library at the University of California, San Francisco, using a data base created and maintained by the campus' Contracts & Grants Office. keywords: administrative; agency; award; base; c&g; california; campus; center; chief; code; computer; contracts; data; department; elements; error; figure; file; francisco; general; grant; index; information; investigator; items; keyword; library; list; local; office; print; program; project; proposal; records; research; roberts; san; section; site; staff; status; subject; summaries; time; type; ucsf; university; use; work cache: ital-5775.pdf plain text: ital-5775.txt item: #623 of 712 id: ital-5777 author: Crawford, Walt; Roberts, Justine; Taylor, Desmond; Kilgour, Frederick G. title: Technical Communications date: 1973-09-01 words: 2756 flesch: 70 summary: This circu- lation system is the first of its type in the country and permits library users to place telephone calls to learn titles and authors and to charge out books. The estimated cost for the pres- ent year for system use by an Ohio li- brary is $2.02 per record used for the first time and not input by the library; this fe e pays for the terminals, telephone lines, computer, and all other OCLC expendi- tures except grant-supported research and development. keywords: analysis; berkeley; book; california; card; catalog; cataloging; center; computer; cost; end; entries; flagl; index; input; johnson; journal; key; libraries; library; line; main; oclc; ohio; percent; plea; program; runtime; sciences; searching; serials; set; stacks; statement; static; system; terminals; test; time; titles; university; use; word cache: ital-5777.pdf plain text: ital-5777.txt item: #624 of 712 id: ital-5778 author: Pulsifer, Josephine S. title: Comparison of MARC Serials, NSDP, and ISBD-S date: 1973-12-01 words: 3018 flesch: 57 summary: no To: List of doctoral dissertations in history in progress ... (d) SR makes new record when main entry changes, or when new title merits entry under title main entry. These practices do not necessarily correspond with NSDP's practice, based on ISDS guidelines, in assigning new key titles. keywords: aacr; american; association; author; bibliographic; book; change; congress; data; description; directory; distribution; elements; entries; entry; following; format; gas; guidelines; identification; international; isbd; isds; issn; key; libraries; library; list; machine; main; marc; member; new; nsdp; program; records; serials; service; standard; statement; states; statistics; title; united; yes cache: ital-5778.pdf plain text: ital-5778.txt item: #625 of 712 id: ital-5779 author: Grosch, Audrey N. title: A Regional Serials Program Under National Serials Data Program Auspices: Discussion Paper Prepared for Ad Hoc Serials Discussion Group date: 1973-12-01 words: 2134 flesch: 52 summary: Create and maintain regional center serials data base reflecting holdings of libraries in the region. Notify regional center of new titles, changes, corrections to maintain regional data base. keywords: available; base; bibliographic; cataloging; center; component; conversion; data; functions; isds; issn; key; libraries; library; local; marc; national; network; new; nsdp; program; record; regional; requirements; retrospective; serials; system; titles; union; use cache: ital-5779.pdf plain text: ital-5779.txt item: #626 of 712 id: ital-5787 author: Hayes, Robert M. title: Book Reviews date: 1973-12-01 words: 680 flesch: 59 summary: The defined purpose of this collection is to serve students and instructors in in- troductory courses in information science, by making these key papers readily avail- able as assigned readings. An in- troduction to information science requires reading assignments in the work of today, not just those of historical importance. keywords: book; collection; course; fact; information; key; papers; purpose; science; volume cache: ital-5787.pdf plain text: ital-5787.txt item: #627 of 712 id: ital-5831 author: Turner, Benjamin; Fuchs, Caroline; Todman, Anthony title: Static vs. Dynamic Tutorials: Applying Usability Principles to Evaluate Online Point-of-Need Instruction. date: 2015-12-22 words: 7958 flesch: 48 summary: LITERATURE REVIEW The library literature on online library tutorials might be divided into subcategories: early development of online instructional tutorials, library website usability testing, evaluation of online information-literacy instruction tutorials, best practices for the creation of library tutorials, and the best mediums for the creation of library tutorials. As concern grew at the onset of the twenty-first century for the need to evaluate online library tutorials, articles on library website usability testing began to appear more frequently. keywords: academic; appendix; article; article y; asp; audio; authors; average; best; campus; citation y; college; color; completion; content; control; control group; creation; database; december; development; doi; dynamic; dynamic tutorials; ebsco; education; effective; evaluation; face; feedback; flash; fuchs; group; image; image tutorials; information; instruction; ital.v34i4.5831; john; journal; learning; librarianship; libraries; library; library tutorials; literacy; members; minutes; need; new; online; participants; peer; percent; point; practices; relevant; researchers; resources; second; skills; software; static; students; study; success; t&i; table; task; technology; testing; tests; text; time; todman; turner; tutorials; university; usability; use; users; video; video tutorials; web; website; y mla; y n; y peer; y time; y y; year cache: ital-5831.pdf plain text: ital-5831.txt item: #628 of 712 id: ital-5869 author: Dulock, Michael; Long, Holley title: Digital Collections Are a Sprint, Not a Marathon: Adapting Scrum Project Management Techniques to Library Digital Initiatives date: 2015-12-22 words: 5692 flesch: 42 summary: The team adopted the two-week duration typical of Scrum sprints for the pilot. The team has found the sprints and modified Scrum meetings to be highly useful and relatively easy to incorporate into their workflows. keywords: ability; additional; approach; aspects; backlog; basis; boulder; burn; collections; colorado; communication; core; daily; development; digital; digital collections; digitization; doi; dulock; effort; framework; goals; group; information; initiatives; ital.v34i4.5869; items; lab; large; librarian; libraries; library; long; management; manager; marathon; materials; media; meetings; members; metadata; methodology; new; outcomes; participants; pilot; planning; priorities; process; production; progress; project; project management; publication; review; scanning; scrum; scrum project; services; short; software; sprint; stakeholders; tasks; team; techniques; technologies; time; university; week; work; workflows; |december cache: ital-5869.pdf plain text: ital-5869.txt item: #629 of 712 id: ital-5888 author: Bauder, Julia; Lange, Emma title: Exploratory Subject Searching in Library Catalogs: Reclaiming the Vision date: 2015-06-15 words: 4254 flesch: 43 summary: Results  are  depicted   as  a  two-­‐level  treemap,  which  gives  users  a  visual  representation  of  the  disciplinary  perspectives  (as   represented  by  the  main  classes  of  the  Library  of  congress  Classification)  and  topics  (as  represented   by  elements  of  the  Library  of  Congress  Subject  Headings)  included  in  the  results.   In  the  visualized  view,  results  are  depicted  as  a  two-­‐level  treemap,   which  gives  users  a  visual  representation  of  the  disciplinary  perspectives  (as  represented  by  the   main  classes  of  the  Library  of  Congress  Classification  [LCC])  and  topics  (as  represented  by   elements  of  the  Library  of  Congress  Subject  Headings  [LCSH])  included  in  the  results. keywords: catalog; classification; cochrane; college; computer; data; exploratory; grinnell; information; lcc; libraries; library; list; main; new; online; participants; research; results; search; searches; specific; subject; tasks; technology; text; tool; topics; usability; users; visualization cache: ital-5888.pdf plain text: ital-5888.txt item: #630 of 712 id: ital-5889 author: Park, Jung-ran; Brenza, Andrew title: Evaluation of Semi-Automatic Metadata Generation Tools: A Survey of the Current State of the Art date: 2015-09-21 words: 7844 flesch: 30 summary: BIBFRAME  Tools   http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/implem entation/     meta-­‐tag  harvester   BIBFRAME  offers  a  number  of   tools  for  the  conversion  of   MARCXML  documents  to   BIBFRAME  documents.    Web   service  and  downloadable   software  are  both  available.   Even  though  there  are  promising  experimental  studies   that  exploit  various  methods  and  sources  for  semi-­‐automatic  metadata  generation,3  a  lack  of   studies  assessing  and  evaluating  the  range  of  tools  have  been  developed,  implemented,  or   improved. keywords: apache; auto-­‐; brenza; community; content; core; current; description; development; documents; dublin; elements; evaluation; extractor; extracts; extrinsic; features; file; formats; generation; harvester; harvesting; html; information; libraries; library; meta-­‐tag; metadata; park; poi; records; resources; semi-­‐automatic; social; study; subject; suite; support; tagging; technical; techniques; technology; text; title; tools; use; web cache: ital-5889.pdf plain text: ital-5889.txt item: #631 of 712 id: ital-5893 author: Maceli, Monica title: What Technology Skills Do Developers Need? A Text Analysis of Job Listings in Library and Information Science (LIS) from Jobs.code4lib.org date: 2015-09-21 words: 2793 flesch: 35 summary: Code4lib  began  more  than  a  decade  ago  as  an   electronic  discussion  list  for  topics  around  the  intersection  of  libraries  and  technology.3  Over  time,   the  Code4lib  organization  expanded  to  an  annual  conference  in  the  United  States,  the  Code4Lib   Journal,  and  most  relevant  to  this  work,  an  associated  jobs  website  that  highlights  jobs  culled  from   both  the  discussion  list  and  other  job-­‐related  sources.   Homepage  of  the  code4lib  Jobs  Website,  Displaying  Most-­‐Recently  Posted  Jobs  and  the   Associated  Tags.4   keywords: analysis; code4lib; common; dataset; developer; digital; figure; information; job; jobs; librarian; libraries; library; lis; listings; maceli; need; popular; positions; research; skills; tags; technology; terms; text; titles; website cache: ital-5893.pdf plain text: ital-5893.txt item: #632 of 712 id: ital-5900 author: Betz, Sonya; Hall, Robyn title: Self-Archiving with Ease in an Institutional Repository: Microinteractions and the User Experience date: 2015-09-21 words: 6046 flesch: 39 summary: Microinteractions  and  the  User  Experience     Sonya  Betz    and     Robyn  Hall     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  SEPTEMBER  2015             43   ABSTRACT   Details  matter,  especially  when  they  can  influence  whether  users  engage  with  a  new  digital  initiative   that  relies  heavily  on  their  support.   9.     See  Philip  M.  Davis  and  Matthew  J.L.  Connolly,  “Institutional  Repositories:  Evaluating  the   Reasons  for  Non-­‐use  of  Cornell  University’s  Installation  of  DSpace,”  D-­‐Lib  Magazine  13,  no.   3/4  (2007),  http://www.dlib.orghttp://www.dlib.org;  Ellen  Dubinsky,  “A  Current  Snapshot  of   Institutional  Repositories:  Growth  Rate,  Disciplinary  Content  and  Faculty  Contributions,”     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGIES  AND  LIBRARIES  |  SEPTEMBER  2015   57     Journal  of  Librarianship  &  Scholarly  Communication  2,  no.  3  (2014):  1–22,   http://dx.doi.org/10.7710/2162-­‐3309.1167;  Anthony  W.  Ferguson,  “Back  Talk—Institutional   Repositories:  Wars  and  Dream  Fields  to  Which  Too  Few  Are  Coming,”  Against  the  Grain  18,  no.   2  (2006):  86–85,   http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/atg/vol18/iss2/14http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/atg/vol18/iss2/14;   Salo,  “Innkeeper  at  the  Roach  Motel”;  Feria  Wirba  Singeh,  A  Abrizah,  and  Noor  Harun  Abdul   Karim,  “What  Inhibits  Authors  to  Self-­‐Archive  in  Open  Access  Repositories?  A  Malaysian  Case,”   Information  Development  29,  no.  1  (2013):  24–35,   http://dx.doi.org/0.1177/0266666912450450.   10.   Hyun  Hee  Kim  and  Yong  Ho  Kim,  “Usability  Study  of  Digital  Institutional  Repositories,”   Electronic  Library  26,  no.  6  (2008):  863–81,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02640470810921637.   11.    Lena  Veiga  e  Silva,  Marcos  André  Gonçalves,  and  Alberto  H.  F.  Laender,  “Evaluating  a  Digital   Library  Self-­‐Archiving  Service:  The  BDBComp  User  Case  Study,”  Information  Processing  &   Management  43,  no.  4  (2007):  1103–20,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2006.07.023.   12.    Suzanne  Bell  and  Nathan  Sarr,  “Case  Study:  Re-­‐Engineering  an  Institutional  Repository  to   Engage  Users,”  New  Review  of  Academic  Librarianship  16,  no.  S1  (2010):  77–89,   http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2010.5095170.   13.    Dan  Saffer,  Microinteractions:  Designing  with  Details  (Cambridge,  MA:  O’Reilly,  2013),  2.   14.    Ibid.,  3.   15.    Ibid.,  2.   16.    Ibid.,  142.   17.    Jakob  Nielson,  “How  Many  Test  Users  in  a  Usability  Study?”  Nielsen  Norman  Group,  2012,   http://www.nngroup.com/articles/how-­‐many-­‐test-­‐users.     18.    Saffer,  Microinteractions,  48.   19.    Ibid.,  82.   20.    Steve  Krug,  Don’t  Make  Me  Think:  A  Common  Sense  Approach  to  Web  Usability  (Berkeley,  CA:   New  Riders,  2000).   keywords: approach; content; contribution; design; digital; ease; example; experience; faculty; feedback; figure; framework; hall; information; institutional; item; libraries; library; like; members; metadata; microinteraction; participants; process; repositories; repository; ro@m; rules; saffer; self-­‐archiving; site; staff; support; technologies; testing; trigger; university; upload; usability; user; works cache: ital-5900.pdf plain text: ital-5900.txt item: #633 of 712 id: ital-5912 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: A&I Databases--The Next Frontier to Discover date: 2015-03-30 words: 1640 flesch: 41 summary: Regardless  of  the  number  of  searches   INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015     3   (which  doesn’t  really  tell  us  anything  anyway),  we  need  to  recognize  the  value  alone  of  including   the  A&I  content,  and  instead  of  trying  to  determine  the  value  of  the  resource  by  the  number  of   times  it  was  searched,  focus  more  on  the  breadth  of  exposure  that  content  is  getting  by  inclusion   in  the  discovery  system.   This  would  guide  users  back  to  the  native  A&I  resource  which  both  libraries  and  A&I  providers   want,  and  it  would  do  that  in  a  more  intuitive  and  meaningful  way  for  the  end  user.   keywords: a&i; content; databases; discovery; experience; focus; libraries; metadata; providers; resources; search; systems; user; value cache: ital-5912.pdf plain text: ital-5912.txt item: #634 of 712 id: ital-8650 author: Mugridge, Rebecca L.; Sweeney, Michael title: Data Center Consolidation at the University at Albany date: 2015-12-22 words: 5231 flesch: 46 summary: Many colleges and universities have data centers or server rooms distributed across one or more campuses, as does the University at Albany (UAlbany). They are distinct from data repositories, which collect various forms of research data, although some data repositories are occasionally called data centers. keywords: access; advantages; agreement; air; alternate; backup; better; building; campus; center consolidation; centers; centralized; computing; consolidation; construction; current; data center; downtime; environment; equipment; faculty; ils; information; inventory; libraries; library; main; migration; mugridge; needs; network; new; new data; physical; planning; process; project; room; security; servers; service; staff; storage; sweeney; system; technology; time; ualbany; units; university; university data; university libraries; use; virtual cache: ital-8650.pdf plain text: ital-8650.txt item: #635 of 712 id: ital-8652 author: Potnis, Devendra Dilip; Regenstreif-Harms, Reynard; Cortez, Edwin title: Identifying Key Steps for Developing Mobile Applications & Mobile Websites for Libraries date: 2016-09-30 words: 7006 flesch: 37 summary: However, it is critical to minimize the use of JavaScript on library mobile websites because not every smartphone offers the minimum level of support required to operate it.92 Handle images intelligently: To help patrons optimize their bandwidth use, image files on mobile sites should be incorporated with CSS rather than HTML code; also, to ensure consistency in the INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2016 53 appearance of user interfaces of mobile websites, images should be kept to the same absolute size.93 Key Steps for Implementing MAMW Programming for MAMW Programming is at the heart of developing MAMW. It then becomes necessary for librarians to understand the process of developing MAMW to better evaluate MAMW for better serving library patrons. keywords: access; advice; analysis; applications; appropriate; apps; better; code; content; cortez; data; design; designing; developers; developing; development; devices; digital; elder; empirical; experience; features; financial; functionality; guy; harms; hci; help; human; ibid; information; information technology; instance; interfaces; javascript; key; key steps; kim; knowledge; librarian; libraries; library; literature; mamw; mamw development; management; managing; methods; mobile; mobile applications; mobile devices; mobile websites; necessary; needs; new; paper; patrons; phase; planning; potnis; process; professionals; programming; project; prototyping; reference; regenstreif; requirements; research; resources; responsive; science; scope; secondary; september; services; skills; software; specific; stakeholders; steps; studies; study; systems; technologies; technology; testing; time; usability; use; user; version; websites; |doi:10.6017 cache: ital-8652.pdf plain text: ital-8652.txt item: #636 of 712 id: ital-8749 author: Peponakis, Manolis title: In the Name of the Name: RDF literals, ER attributes and the potential to rethink the structures and visualizations of catalogs date: 2016-06-30 words: 8265 flesch: 48 summary: In this study, a method is proposed to connect the names with the entities they represent and, in this way, to document the provenance of these names by connecting specific resources with specific names. We proposed a method for connecting the names to the entities they represent and, at the same time, we documented the provenance of these names by connecting specific resources with specific names. keywords: access; appellation; attributes; authorities; authority; available; basic; bibliographic; case; cataloging; catalogs; classification; conceptual; context; control; data; description; different; entities; entity; example; family; figure; frad; framework; frbr; functional; identifiers; identity; ifla; individual; information; ital.v35i2.8749; june; kind; language; libraries; library; literals; london; machine; metadata; model; modeling; names; new; node; nomen; object; peponakis; person; place; potential; problems; processable; quarterly; rda; rdf; records; relationship; representation; requirements; resource; rules; section; selection; semantic; set; specific; standard; statements; structures; study; syntax; technology; title; visualizations; way; web; work; |doi:10.6017 cache: ital-8749.pdf plain text: ital-8749.txt item: #637 of 712 id: ital-8804 author: Vacek, Rachel title: President's Column: Making an Impact in the Time That is Given to Us date: 2015-06-15 words: 799 flesch: 52 summary: With  all  the  changes  to  the  organization  and  leadership,  LITA  is  on  the  road  to   becoming  profitable  again  and  will  remain  one  of  ALA’s  most  impactful  divisions.       LITA   has  benefited  that  training.   keywords: ala; board; changes; libraries; lita; membership; new; president; time; year cache: ital-8804.pdf plain text: ital-8804.txt item: #638 of 712 id: ital-8805 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments date: 2015-06-15 words: 438 flesch: 51 summary: Microsoft Word - June_ital_gerrity.docx Editor’s Comments Bob Gerrity     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015       1       Library  Discovery  Circa  1974   Our  ongoing  project  to  digitize  back  issues  of  Information  Technology  and  Libraries  (ITAL)   and  its  predecessor,  Journal  of  Library  Automation  (JOLA),  provides  frequent  reminders  of   what’s  changed  (and  what  hasn’t)  in  library  technology  in  the  past  several  decades.   Joseph  Deodato  provides  a  useful  step-­‐by-­‐ step  guide  to  evaluating  web-­‐scale  discovery  services  for  libraries. keywords: catalog; discovery; gerrity; information; libraries; library; technology; university cache: ital-8805.pdf plain text: ital-8805.txt item: #639 of 712 id: ital-8919 author: Colegrove, Patrick Tod title: Editorial Thoughts: Rise of the Innovation Commons date: 2015-09-21 words: 1670 flesch: 25 summary: Indeed,  the   rapid  and  widespread  adoption  of  the  Internet  has  enabled  entire  topologies  of  information   to  change  –  morphing  from  ponderous  print  tomes  into  digital  databases,  effectively  escaping   the  walls  of  libraries  and  archives  altogether.1   In  reflection  of  end-­‐users’  growing  preference  for  easily  accessible  digital  materials,  libraries   have  responded  with  the  creation  of  new  spaces  and  services.   Information  commons  as  named  spaces   within  libraries  made  “…  sudden,  dramatic,  and  widespread  appearance  in  academic  and   research  libraries  across  the  country  and  around  the  world. keywords: academic; access; aspirations; broader; commons; community; information; innovation; learning; libraries; library; makerspace; new; outcomes; resources; spaces; stakeholders; support; technology cache: ital-8919.pdf plain text: ital-8919.txt item: #640 of 712 id: ital-8923 author: Kuglitsch, Rebecca Zuege; Tingle, Natalia; Watkins, Alexander title: Facilitating Research Consultations Using Cloud Services: Experiences, Preferences, and Best Practices date: 2017-03-31 words: 2859 flesch: 43 summary: Students using the calendar indicated that it was not more intimidating than emailing a librarian, and by removing the waiting period for a response, a calendar can prevent student distraction or students persuading themselves that they actually do not need help in the interim. We kept track of how many students who made calendar appointments over two semesters kept them, and sent a short, informal survey to students who made appointments. keywords: academic; appointment; apps; available; best; boulder; calendar; consultations; education; email; google; information; librarian; libraries; library; link; location; practices; reference; research; schedule; services; slots; students; technology; time; tool; use; users cache: ital-8923.pdf plain text: ital-8923.txt item: #641 of 712 id: ital-8924 author: Tighe, Ruth L. title: Guest Editorial: Hoist by Their Own Petard date: 1974-03-01 words: 451 flesch: 48 summary: Whether one interprets information to be the book, and discusses its transfer in terms of acquisitions, circulation, and interlibrary loan, or one interprets information to be datum, and discusses transfer in terms of access, retrieval, and transfer, the fact remains that information transfer is the area of concern of the information profession. (Dysfunction: impaired or abnormal functioning.) Librarians-information scientists-have always been concerned with the transfer of information. keywords: dysfunction; information; jargon; library; midwinter; profession; terms; thing; transfer cache: ital-8924.pdf plain text: ital-8924.txt item: #642 of 712 id: ital-8925 author: Veaner, Allen B. title: Institutional Political and Fiscal Factors In the Development of Library Automation, 1967-71. date: 1974-03-01 words: 9629 flesch: 41 summary: During the boom years when computer facilities were expanding fast- er than the supply of competent staff, elitism seemed fairly common in the computer center. The computer, on the other hand, is a relentless accounting engine; computer facilities can produce endless statistics on the number of jobs run, lines printed, ter- minal hours provided to users, turnaround time, cards punched, etc. keywords: academic; academic computing; administrative; administrative computing; applications; automation; batch; bibliographic; budget; card; case; center; challenge; change; community; complex; computer; computer center; computer facility; computerized; computing; congress; contracts; cost; current; data; delivery; demand; design; development; director; early; education; effort; environment; equipment; evidence; facilities; facility; factors; factorsjveaner; faculty; failure; financial; fiscal; future; generation; goals; good; grants; greater; group; growth; hardware; high; human; important; individual; information; instances; institutions; jobs; journal; lack; large; librarian; libraries; library; library automation; library resources; little; long; machine; major; management; manager; manual; march; national; need; new; organization; overhead; patrons; people; period; personnel; political; president; pricing; problems; processing; production; programmers; programming; programs; progress; recent; report; research; resources; run; science; second; services; shop; software; specifications; staff; support; systems; technical; time; university; users; utility; utilization; vol; way; work; years cache: ital-8925.pdf plain text: ital-8925.txt item: #643 of 712 id: ital-8926 author: Butler, Brett title: Automatic Format Recognition of MARC Bibliographic Elements: A Review and Projection date: 1974-03-01 words: 5907 flesch: 67 summary: Title of Book R I 4ll+v Volume R I 440 Series, Title R R I I 440+a I lOOtk Form Subheading R I lOOtt Title of Book R I lOOtl Language r I lOOt£ Date of Work r I Automatic Format Recognition/BUTLER 35 APPENDIX 1 (continued) FIELD TAG, TREATMENT BY PROGRAM INDICATOR FIELD NAME LC uc OCLC OFR IOO+p Part of Work r I 110 Corporate Name R 0 keywords: a.e; afr; appendix; automation; bibliographic; book; book r; card; cataloging; code; code r; computer; congress; cost; date; date r; direct; editing; element; entry; entry r; field; format; format recognition; general; heading; identification; indicator; input; language; level; library; main; marc; miscellaneous; number; number r; oclc; ofr; order; original; place; place r; processing; program; r r; recognition; record; relator; relator r; series; subdivision; subject; subject r; subordinate; surname; surname r; system; tag; title; title r; treatment; volume; work r cache: ital-8926.pdf plain text: ital-8926.txt item: #644 of 712 id: ital-8927 author: Board of Directors, ISAD title: Highlights of ISAD Board Meeting date: 1974-03-01 words: 5783 flesch: 60 summary: A SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ALA MEMBERS The original proposal for an SDI system was intended for ISAD members only, but interest has grown at ALA Headqua1ters to the extent that it is being considered as a service to be provided for all ALA members. Comments and suggestions from ISAD Board members would be appreciated. keywords: activities; ala; annual; auld; automation; basic; bibliographic; board; chairman; changes; clr; committee; data; discussion; division; dues; exhibit; fasana; fee; function; group; hammer; highlights; information; interested; isad; january; john; journal; kilgour; kountz; library; marbi; march; martin; meeting; members; membership; midwinter; minutes; motion; mrs; need; new; planning; present; president; program; proposal; report; secretary; seminars; serials; service; shoffner; standards; statement; structure; support; system; technical; telecommunications; tesla; time; university; vol cache: ital-8927.pdf plain text: ital-8927.txt item: #645 of 712 id: ital-8928 author: Martin, Susan K. title: Technical Communications date: 1974-03-01 words: 5865 flesch: 55 summary: CLR is prepared to commit one staff member full time to the project who is well versed in the machine handling of MARC serials records. Although LC had re- ported its survey regarding levels of com- pleteness of MARC records and the con- clusions reached by the RECON Working Task Force, namely, To satisfy the needs of diverse installations and applications, records for general distribution should be in the full MARC format, it appeared worthwhile to once more make a survey to see if agreement could be reached on a subset of data elements. keywords: activities; additions; automation; base; bibliographic; building; cataloging; character; classification; clearinghouse; clr; communications; community; congress; council; data; data base; development; effort; field; file; format; group; information; input; institutions; journal; lc marc; libraries; library; line; machine; marc; marc format; marc serials; meetings; modifications; national; national serials; new; number; oclc; paper; participants; point; possible; program; project; readable; records; resources; result; serials; serials data; service; system; technical; time; title; toronto; university; use; work cache: ital-8928.pdf plain text: ital-8928.txt item: #646 of 712 id: ital-8929 author: Bewley, Lois M.; Simmons, Peter title: Book Reviews date: 1974-03-01 words: 1078 flesch: 55 summary: The librarian who is already involved in automated systems will not need this book; the librarian who wishes to learn about automation and the systems analyst who needs to understand library systems will do well to read other sources in addi- tion to this one. Of the eighteen papers included, only three, by John Trebbel, John Bystrom, and Kathleen Molz, concentrate on the impli- cations of present and future technology on public library service. keywords: automation; book; cards; catalog; circulation; computer; data; file; information; librarian; libraries; library; major; molz; papers; problems; public; research; systems; time cache: ital-8929.pdf plain text: ital-8929.txt item: #647 of 712 id: ital-8930 author: Ullah, Asim; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Irfan title: Bibliographic Classification in the Digital Age: Current Trends & Future Directions date: 2017-09-17 words: 11954 flesch: 39 summary: INTRODUCTION Classification is the primary instinct of human beings in arranging, understanding, and relating knowledge artifacts. Today several classification schemes are in use ranging from conventional classification schemes including Library of Congress Classification (LCC), Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Colon Classification (CC), and Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) to classification for digital environments including Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) digital library1, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) digital library2, and Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) cooperative catalogue3. keywords: accuracy; acm; age; applications; approaches; areas; artifacts; automatic; available; beghtol; bibliographic; bibliographic classification; bibliographic data; categories; categorization; challenges; classes; classification; classification schemes; classification system; collections; complexity; concepts; congress; congress classification; data; datasets; ddc; decimal; decimal classification; dewey; different; digital; discovery; dmoz; documentation; documents; doi:10.6017; e.g.; enumerative; environments; evaluation; existing; faceted; faceted classification; greater; hierarchical; hjørland; holdings; ieee; information; interoperability; issues; ital.v36i3.8930; journal; kaosar; khusro; knowledge; languages; lcc; level; libraries; library; limited; lod; lov; mai; management; march; metadata; metric; mnemonics; model; need; new; notations; oclc; ontologies; ontology; organization; paper; position; precision; predefined; principles; publishing; ranking; research; retrieval; rules; satija; schemes; science; scientific; search; searching; second; semantic; september; services; structure; subject; support; system; table; technology; terms; text; theoretical; theory; udc; ullah; universal; usability; use; vocabularies; warrant; web; û ü; ü ü cache: ital-8930.pdf plain text: ital-8930.txt item: #648 of 712 id: ital-8931 author: Martin, Susan K. title: Who Will Steer the Ship? date: 1974-06-01 words: 771 flesch: 50 summary: Third, it seems important when determining issues (ad hoc standards for local input of MARC-like monograph and serials records) which are of long- range concern to many libraries, that it is particularly important not to bias a development effort toward the needs of one type of library. During 1973, the existence of two study groups sponsored by the Council on Library Resources became informally known in the library automation community. keywords: ala; automation; bibliographic; clr; council; data; goals; group; library; meeting; method; midwinter; resources; serials cache: ital-8931.pdf plain text: ital-8931.txt item: #649 of 712 id: ital-8932 author: Arms, W. Y.; Walter, T. P. title: A Simulation Model for Purchasing Duplicate Copies in a Library date: 1974-06-01 words: 4060 flesch: 62 summary: At Sussex some books are designated short term loan and can be borrowed for up to four days only; the remainder are long term loan books and can be borrowed for up to six weeks. At Sussex some books are designated short term loan and can be borrowed for up to four days only; the remainder are long term loan books and can be borrowed for up to six weeks. keywords: available; book; circulation; computer; copies; copy; data; day; demand; estimate; level; library; loans; model; number; percent; percentage; period; readers; reading; results; return; satisfaction; shelf; simulation; study; sussex; system; term; time; title; university; use; values cache: ital-8932.pdf plain text: ital-8932.txt item: #650 of 712 id: ital-8933 author: Harp, Vivian; Heard, Gertrude title: Automated Periodicals System at a Community College Library date: 1974-06-01 words: 4740 flesch: 69 summary: For each subscription, bibliographic and order information and MVCC holdings were entered on a three-by-five-inch history card; on the verso were records for each renewal of purchase order number, subscription length, cost, and subscription dates. Moraine Valley's off-line operation, based on a file of 715 periodical ti- tles, generates renewal orders, sends claims, and records subscription his- tories. keywords: actual; automation; available; ave; card; check; college; community; computer; cost; data; date; field; figure; file; flagged; forms; harp; hills; history; holdings; index; information; invoice; item; journal; june; label; library; list; mailing; master; method; moraine; necessary; number; order; palos; payment; periodicals; problems; publisher; purchase; record; renewal; reports; run; science; staff; subscription; system; technician; time; title; transmittal; type; unique; use; valley; vol; year cache: ital-8933.pdf plain text: ital-8933.txt item: #651 of 712 id: ital-8934 author: Bookstein, Abraham title: A Hybrid Access Method for Bibliographic Records date: 1974-06-01 words: 3463 flesch: 64 summary: 7/2 June 197 4 of a truncated search key, referred to simply as search key, and the use of Boolean expressions of key words from the title. We will discuss each technique in tum, and then suggest an elabora- tion of the search key technique that incorporates some features of the Boolean search technique; this combination of techniques should enable systems that are committed to the use of search keys as a primary access route to extend this technique to large files. keywords: access; approach; automation; bibliographic; bits; book; characters; data; example; false; fayollat; field; file; hybrid; implementation; indexes; items; journal; key; keys; library; number; records; search; search key; signature; size; string; subfile; system; technique; title; truncation; user; words cache: ital-8934.pdf plain text: ital-8934.txt item: #652 of 712 id: ital-8935 author: Fokker, Dirk W.; Lynch, Michael F. title: Application of the Variety-Generator Approach to Searches of Personal Names in Bibliographic Data Bases--Part 1. Microstructure of Personal Authors' Names date: 1974-06-01 words: 4971 flesch: 67 summary: It has also been shown that within a homogeneous file, i.e., one of consistent provenance, there exists a substantial level of consistency in terms of character distributions, as illustrated in Table 4. The problems encountered in the use of fixed-length truncated author and title search keys for monograph data are indicated by the fact that the search files using hash-addressing are operated, on average, at a density of only 62.5 percent. keywords: .007; .012; .016; approach; attributes; author; automation; bases; characters; chemical; data; different; distributions; elements; entries; entropy; file; frequencies; frequency; generator; gram; hmax; information; initial; inspec; items; key; keys; length; library; lynch; names; number; personal; probability; relative; search; second; set; sets; size; strings; surnames; symbols; table; threshold; total; value; variety; vol cache: ital-8935.pdf plain text: ital-8935.txt item: #653 of 712 id: ital-8936 author: Avram, Henriette D. title: The Library of Congress View on Its Relation to the ALA MARC Advisory Committee date: 1974-06-01 words: 2598 flesch: 61 summary: Prior to a discussion of MARC changes, it appears appropriate to make certain basic statements regarding MARC changes and the difficulties ex- perienced by the MARC Development Office in evaluating the significance of a change for the MARC subscriber. MARC CHANGES keywords: addition; advisory; ala; cataloging; category; change; codes; committee; congress; data; development; field; format; indicators; information; international; library; machine; marc; number; office; records; rules; service; subfield; subscribers; users cache: ital-8936.pdf plain text: ital-8936.txt item: #654 of 712 id: ital-8937 author: on Technical Standards for Library Automation, Committee title: Standards for Library Automation and ISAD's Committee on Technical Standards for Library Automation (TESLA) date: 1974-06-01 words: 3908 flesch: 46 summary: Therefore, in the following are very brief recapitulations of the more relevant or- ganizations impacting library automation standards. Please note that the outline is designed to enable standards proposals to be written following a generalized format which will facilitate their review. keywords: activities; addition; ala; american; ansi; applicable; association; automation; available; ballot; character; committee; data; date; development; documentation; eia; electronic; elements; engineering; equipment; fig; figure; fips; france; information; initiative; institute; interest; isad; iso; journal; june; library; machines; membership; microfilm; minimum; national; nma; organizations; outline; procedure; processing; proposal; reactor; related; representative; requirements; review; scope; section; standards; state; systems; tape; technical; term; tesla; title; usa; use; vol; z39 cache: ital-8937.pdf plain text: ital-8937.txt item: #655 of 712 id: ital-8945 author: Martin, Susan K. title: Technical Communications date: 1974-06-01 words: 5597 flesch: 48 summary: Initially it will consist of all Library of Congress MARC records (now numbering over 430,000 titles), plus another 800,000 partial LC catalog records containing full titles, main entries, LC card numbers, and other selected data elements. 7/2 June 1974 processing power, independent of the cen- tral computer, allows computer processes like library card production to be per- formed in the library. keywords: area; automation; available; base; bibliographic; bibnet; board; books; california; card; catalog; cataloging; college; communications; computer; conference; congress; conversion; cost; data; date; description; development; director; documents; education; english; entry; files; government; high; idc; information; initiative; institute; john; july; june; language; large; libraries; library; library automation; machine; management; marc; media; meeting; national; new; number; office; outline; pilot; present; problems; program; project; proposal; public; readable; recon; records; reference; report; resources; retrieval; retrospective; science; service; solinet; standard; state; stevens; study; subject; supplement; system; task; technical; techniques; technology; tesla; title; u.s; union; university; use; user; vol; wisconsin; workshops cache: ital-8945.pdf plain text: ital-8945.txt item: #656 of 712 id: ital-8946 author: Shank, Russell; Lancaster, F. W.; Simmons, Peter; Overmyer, LaVahn title: Book Reviews date: 1974-06-01 words: 2216 flesch: 50 summary: For example, there are seven behavioral objectives in the unit on Computer Technology, of which the first four are: 1) the student will be able to discuss the two-fold requirement to repre- sent data by codes and data structures for purposes of machine manipulation, 2) the student will be able to identify the basic components of computer systems and de- scribe their purposes, 3) the student will be able to differentiate hardware and soft- ware and describe briefly the part that programming plays in the overall com- puter processing operation, 4) the student will be able to define the various modes of computer operation and indicate the utility of each in library operations. Elsewhere the author indicates that his emphasis is on software technology of information systems and that the book is intended to bridge the communications gap among information users, librarians and data processors. keywords: able; application; automation; book; cataloging; circulation; computer; data; disciplines; discussion; edition; example; field; file; index; indexing; information; languages; libraries; library; material; meadow; networks; number; organized; related; retrieval; student; systems; technology; thesaurus; topics; university; users cache: ital-8946.pdf plain text: ital-8946.txt item: #657 of 712 id: ital-8947 author: Malinconico, S. Michael title: The LC/MARC Record As a National Standard date: 1974-09-01 words: 628 flesch: 51 summary: The LC/MARC Record As a National Standard 159 The desire to promote exchange of bibliographic data has given rise to a rather cacophonous debate concerning MARC as a standard, and the definition of a MARC compatible record. ANSI standards, for example, are subject to quinquennial review. keywords: ansi; bibliographic; compatible; conventions; data; marc; record; standard; z39.2 cache: ital-8947.pdf plain text: ital-8947.txt item: #658 of 712 id: ital-8948 author: Avram, Henriette D.; Rather, Lucia J. title: Principles of Format Design date: 1974-09-01 words: 2748 flesch: 53 summary: There may be more than one indicator per data field. Agreement on data fields and the assignment of content designators can realistically only be accom- plished if there is a foundation upon which to build. keywords: agencies; avram; bibliographic; characters; content; data; designators; element; entry; exchange; field; format; forms; function; group; identifiers; information; international; iso; level; library; number; paper; possible; principles; processing; record; single; standard; subrecord; supermarc; tag; type; working cache: ital-8948.pdf plain text: ital-8948.txt item: #659 of 712 id: ital-8949 author: Goossens, Paula title: Techniques for Special Processing of Data within Bibliographic Text date: 1974-09-01 words: 6102 flesch: 60 summary: Each system which has recourse to different special processing techniques is discussed in terms of each of these techniques, enabling one to get a realistic overview of the problem. To reduce the remaining limitations, some approaches similar to those elabo- rated in field level systems are supplied. keywords: applications; automation; basic; beginning; bibliographic; bnb; canadian; case; cataloging; certain; character; codes; coding; creation; data; deutsche; different; directory; duplication; elements; example; field; filing; format; function; goossens; handling; identification; indicators; information; input; instance; internal; key; level; library; marc; method; monocle; multiple; necessary; number; nypl; order; personal; pointer; printing; procedures; processing; program; separators; simple; sort; space; special; storage; subfield; systems; techniques; text; title; type; use cache: ital-8949.pdf plain text: ital-8949.txt item: #660 of 712 id: ital-8950 author: Bowden, Virginia M.; Miller, Ruby B. title: MARCIVE: A Cooperative Automated Library System date: 1974-09-01 words: 7529 flesch: 69 summary: MARC-LIST-This program lists MARC records in title sequence from the tape. The OCLC system can regenerate MARC II records from OCLC records although they contain only 78 percent of the number of characters in the original MARC II record. keywords: accession; addition; anatomy; antonio; automation; average; base; batch; bibliographic; book; card; catalog; catalog cards; cataloging; center; changes; characters; charge; classification; codes; college; computer; con; costs; data; development; disc; edit; elements; entry; error; fig; figure; file; fin; following; format; genetics; human; illus; input; isam; jones; journal; keypunched; length; libraries; library; line; listing; local; machine; marc tapes; marcive; marcive system; master; method; miller; mnemonic; new; number; oclc; order; original; physiology; program; records; replace; retrieval; san; search; september; subfields; system; tag; tags; tapes; texas; time; title; trinity; university; update; uthscsa; vol cache: ital-8950.pdf plain text: ital-8950.txt item: #661 of 712 id: ital-8951 author: Fokker, Dirk W.; Lynch, Michael F. title: Application of the Variety-Generator Approach to Searches of Personal Names in Bibliographic Data Bases--Part 2. Optimization of Key-Sets, and Evaluation of Their Retrieval Efficiency date: 1974-09-01 words: 5461 flesch: 67 summary: Keys consisting of variable-length chamcter strings from the front and rear of surnames, derived by analysis of author names in a particular data base, am used to provide approximate representations of author names. When combined in appropriate mtios, and used together with keys for each of the first two initials of personal names, they provide a high degme of discrimination in search. keywords: approach; association; automation; averages; characters; combinations; combined; different; digram; distribution; document; entries; entropy; figures; file; fokker; frequency; generator; gram; gram keys; high; initials; instance; key; key key; keys; larger; length; letters; lynch; names; number; optimal; percent; performance; personal; personal names; positions; possible; precision; ratio; rear; relative; representations; retrieval; search; searches; second; september; set; sets; size; surname; table; total; value; variety; vol cache: ital-8951.pdf plain text: ital-8951.txt item: #662 of 712 id: ital-8952 author: Hammer, Donald P. title: Highlights of ISAD Board Meeting date: 1974-09-01 words: 5100 flesch: 60 summary: ISAD Board members indicated an interest in and a need for a service of this nature, but reflected a hesitancy regarding the sensitivity of the issue. Mr. Hammer informed the Board that Peter Watson had talked with him about ASIDIC liaison, and they had concluded that ASIDIC is primarily interested in having an observer at ISAD Board meetings. keywords: action; ala; annual; ansi; automation; available; avram; board; butler; bylaws; cable; chairman; committee; conference; discussion; exhibit; fasana; francisco; frederick; hammer; highlights; information; interest; isad; isad board; journal; kilgour; libraries; library; martin; meeting; members; membership; minutes; motion; need; new; organization; paul; present; president; program; publication; ralph; report; representative; secretary; service; shoffner; standards; structure; susan; technical; time; university; use; vol; work; york cache: ital-8952.pdf plain text: ital-8952.txt item: #663 of 712 id: ital-8953 author: Bosseau, Don L. title: Technical Communications date: 1974-09-01 words: 8086 flesch: 52 summary: WHEREAS, the effectiveness of this effort will depend on the concerted effort of all those concerned with library service, including library users, citizens groups, government officials and librarians them- selves from all aspects and ranks of the profession; THEREFORE LET IT BE RESOLVED that all the committees, chapters and di- visions of the American Library Associa- tion take definite steps to increase mutual efforts within the Association and with other associations seeking ways to strength- en the common effort toward the provision of quality library service to all people. It is hoped that the Mid-Manhat- tan project will provide a prototype for other libraries beginning collections of public access cable TV. keywords: abstracts; access; additional; ala; american; areas; association; automation; available; ballot; base; books; bunker; california; case; cassettes; cataloging; center; charge; circulation; city; collection; committee; communications; companies; complete; computer; conference; contact; control; cost; darome; data; development; director; division; edu; file; forms; government; groups; inc; index; industry; information; initiative; institute; international; journal; label; learning; level; libraries; library; light; line; major; marc; meeting; members; minimum; mountain; national; new; news; number; office; organizations; outline; pen; potential; problems; program; programming; project; proposal; public; ramo; reactor; readable; recall; registration; related; research; resources; retrieval; review; rocky; satellite; september; serials; service; session; south; standards; state; stations; story; students; subject; system; technical; technology; telephone; television; terms; tesla; time; title; total; unit; university; use; users; vol; washington; year; york cache: ital-8953.pdf plain text: ital-8953.txt item: #664 of 712 id: ital-8954 author: Simmons, Peter; Roberts, Justine; Piternick, George; Snowball, George J. title: Book Reviews date: 1974-09-01 words: 2003 flesch: 54 summary: Libraries are defined in passing as a specific type of information system . . . The twenty-nine papers published here are presented under six headings, each representing an area of librarianship in which Dr. Shera has been a major in- fluence: philosophy of librarianship, li- brary history, reference work in the li- brary, documentation, the academic li- brary, and library education. keywords: automation; book; budget; case; collection; costs; documentation; education; game; individual; information; isbn; level; librarianship; libraries; library; literature; management; mason; page; palmer; papers; policy; requests; section; services; shera; standards; system; university; use; volume; weisman; work cache: ital-8954.pdf plain text: ital-8954.txt item: #665 of 712 id: ital-8955 author: Martin, Susan K. title: Buyer Be Wary! date: 1974-12-01 words: 746 flesch: 49 summary: Most approaches fall into one of the following categories: ( 1) misleading advertising, with unclear statements and imprecise use of vocabulary; ( 2) claims that one, or several, or many other libraries are using the product with satisfac- tion (when this indeed is not the case); ( 3) specific statements that a large and prestigious library is about to sign a contract for servic~s or products (although investigation will reveal no such intention); ( 4) lists of experts in the field who are presumed to be associated with the company in an ad- visory or consultant role (but who are unaware of this use of their names); and ( 5) approaches to federal, state, or local agencies to appeal 248 Journal of Library Automation Vol. Indeed, librarians and libraries are learning from the business world to create products and market them in order to support desired internal ser- vices. keywords: advertising; certain; claims; concern; libraries; library; marketing; misleading; order; products; professional; true; use cache: ital-8955.pdf plain text: ital-8955.txt item: #666 of 712 id: ital-8957 author: Saffady, William title: A Computer Output Microfilm Serials List for Patron Use date: 1974-12-01 words: 1506 flesch: 47 summary: 263 Library literature generally assumes that COM is bette1· suited to staff rath- er than patron use applications. The two most recent-Fischer's description of four COM-generated reports used by the Los Angeles Pub- lic Libraries and Bolefs account of a COM book catalog at the Washing- ton University School of Medicine Library-stress the time, space, and cost savings so frequently reported in analyses of the advantages of COM.1• 2 This article describes the substitution of microfilm for paper as the com- puter output medium in one of the most common library automation ap- plications, a serials holdings list intended for use by library patrons. keywords: applications; appropriate; automation; com; computer; equipment; format; holdings; information; libraries; library; list; location; microfilm; microformat; output; pages; paper; particular; patron; selection; serials; staff; state; university; use; viewing; wayne cache: ital-8957.pdf plain text: ital-8957.txt item: #667 of 712 id: ital-8958 author: Clark, Alice S. title: Subject Access to a Data Base of Library Holdings date: 1974-12-01 words: 3114 flesch: 56 summary: 1972 1917 19-- 1924 1951 08 WATSON, J. A. S. 09 KELLOGG, V. L; 10 SHULL, A. FRANKLIN When the user types in PG2 or PG3, more titles will come up, and if more than thirty titles are desired, the original command can be reentered with a /SKIP 30 option to display others including all 757 titles if necessary. The circu- lation clerk at any location either in the main library or in any department library could search the author and title and find: ( 1) if the OSU Li- braries had the book; ( 2) where it was regularly housed; and ( 3) its status (charged out, missing, lost, or available for circulation). keywords: access; agricultural; areas; author; available; book; child; circulation; collection; com; essays; ethics; evolution; evolution evolution; example; faculty; field; form; frame; henry; holdings; huxley; index; julian; libraries; library; list; main; microfiche; number; percent; printout; psychology; research; search; service; shelflist; students; subject; system; thomas; titles; university; use; user cache: ital-8958.pdf plain text: ital-8958.txt item: #668 of 712 id: ital-8959 author: Herling, J. P.; Beeler, M. G. Fancher; Reisman, A.; Dean, B. V. title: Improved Delivery of Library Materials: The Cleveland Experience date: 1974-12-01 words: 3962 flesch: 61 summary: , the project discussed here has convinced us that the approach and methodology are of value to the library community, not only in application to library delivery systems but also in application to a multitude of library service problems, particularly those involving sev- eral libraries or library systems, albeit because of changes in top adminis- trative positions within the key library systems the results of this study are still awaiting implementation. This paper describes a pmfect designed to impmve services to libmry users by solving, through the application of operations research methods, a com- plex problem of delivery of library materials in an urban, multisystem li- brary service region. keywords: approach; automation; basis; bindery; case; ccpl; changes; cleveland; computer; costs; data; day; december; delivery; description; design; distribution; driver; effectiveness; fig; frequency; greater; hdq; improved; libraries; library; loan; materials; methodology; network; nodes; number; operations; percent; problem; program; project; public; research; results; routes; study; system; table; time; timeliness; trucks; types; university; values; vol; week cache: ital-8959.pdf plain text: ital-8959.txt item: #669 of 712 id: ital-8960 author: Zimmerman, R. G. J. title: A Computer-Accessed Microfiche Library date: 1974-12-01 words: 6775 flesch: 65 summary: For other parameters, control lists of picture numbers ordered by value of these parameters can be used for binary searches. To do this the upper and lower limits of the specified values of each such parameter are found (from the values table), and from this the expected number of picture records to be compared is computed. keywords: access; associated; available; base; characteristics; code; commands; comparison; computer; control; control program; data; december; decision; description; different; display; entry; example; field; file; frame; function; information; keyword; length; library; list; marked; microfiche; number; parameter; phase; photographs; picture; picture display; picture file; picture number; picture record; picture set; picture table; portion; possible; program; record; response; search; selection; set; space; storage; subroutine; system; table; terminal; time; type; user; values; viewer; vol cache: ital-8960.pdf plain text: ital-8960.txt item: #670 of 712 id: ital-8961 author: King, Donald R. title: The Binary Vector as the Basis of an Inverted Index File date: 1974-12-01 words: 3484 flesch: 64 summary: As an example, assume the following document descriptions are presented to a system using binary vectors: Document Number 1 2 3 Subject Headings A,B,D C,E A,C Thus, when Boolean operations are specified as part of a query, the imple- mentation of the operations within the· computer is considerably easier and faster for binary vectors than for the standard form of inverted files. keywords: binary; binary vector; bytes; compressed; compression; document; file; following; index; index file; information; inverted; inverted file; length; nonzero; number; postings; record; requirements; retrieval; search; standard; standard inverted; storage; subvector; system; terms; times; use; vector; vector file cache: ital-8961.pdf plain text: ital-8961.txt item: #671 of 712 id: ital-8962 author: Bosseau, Don L. title: Technical Communications date: 1974-12-01 words: 4893 flesch: 50 summary: A direct out- growth of the Cooperative Bibliographic Center for Indiana Libraries ( CoBiCIL) Feasibility Study Project sponsored by the Indiana State Library and directed by Mrs. Barbara Evans Markuson, InCoLSA has been organized as an independent not-for-profit organization to encourage the development and improvement of all types of library service. STANDARDS The ISAD Committee on Technical Stan- dards for Library Automation Invites Your Participation in the Standards Game Editor's Note: The TESLA Reactor Bal- lot will be provided in f01'thcoming is- sues. keywords: action; addition; ala; alp; american; applicable; area; association; automation; available; ballots; base; bibliographic; catalog; cembi; committee; communications; computer; conference; congress; corporation; council; data; development; director; editor; elements; eric; files; indiana; information; initiative; institute; issue; items; journal; large; libraries; library; line; lsi; machine; marbi; marc; members; national; new; note; number; organizations; outline; process; proposal; public; reactor; readable; reference; review; sdc; search; searches; services; standards; stanford; state; system; technical; tesla; title; university; use; users; word cache: ital-8962.pdf plain text: ital-8962.txt item: #672 of 712 id: ital-8963 author: Bottle, R. T.; Rothstein, Samuel; Kershner, Lois M.; Brown, Jack E.; Atherton, Pauline A.; Parker, Patricia E. title: Book Reviews date: 1974-12-01 words: 3444 flesch: 54 summary: For each country there is a de- tailed account of the national information system now existing, with a brief outline of its antecedents, a directory of informa- tion or documentation centers, a list of serials published by these centers, and a bibliography of recent papers dealing with the development of information systems in that country. Inconsistency of this kind does not tend to destroy com- patibility with other coding systems using the same format structure, as long as suf- ficient explanation and examples are given from which conversion tables may be de- veloped by the institutions with whom one wants to exchange, or interchange, bibliographic data. keywords: australian; australian format; authors; automation; bibliographic; book; circulation; codes; columbia; computer; country; data; date; elements; entries; eric; explanation; fields; file; formats; indicators; information; international; journal; librarians; library; line; main; marc; mathies; national; present; processing; record; reference; report; retrieval; reviews; science; series; structure; subfield; subject; systems; tags; university; use; user; vol; watson; workshop cache: ital-8963.pdf plain text: ital-8963.txt item: #673 of 712 id: ital-8965 author: Brett, Kelsey Renee; Lierman, Ashley; Turner, Cherie title: Lessons Learned: A Primo Usability Study date: 2016-04-01 words: 6191 flesch: 52 summary: Users failed in multiple tests to distinguish between the article level and the journal level,15 could not interpret bibliographic INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2016 9 information sufficiently to determine that they had found the desired item,16 and chose incorrect options for scoping their searches.17 Many studies found that users were unable to distinguish between multiple editions of a held item when all item types or editions were listed in the record.18 In other cases, users had difficulty interpreting locations and holdings information for physical items.19 Among the needs and desires expressed by and for Primo users in the literature, two in particular stand out. Facets in Live Site and Development Sandbox at Time of Testing Both groups were happy with the changes to the Primo development sandbox but wanted to test the effect of the changes on user search behavior before updating the live site. keywords: academic; advanced; article; book; brett; changes; citation; complete; development; discovery; discovery usability; doi; experience; facet; figure; group; implementation; information; instruction; interface; ital.v35i1.8965; item; journal; lessons; libraries; library; lierman; literature; live; march; newspaper; onesearch; participants; peer; primo; rds; recommendations; research; results; sandbox; search; site; students; studies; study; system; task; technology; testing; time; title; tools; turner; usability; usability study; users cache: ital-8965.pdf plain text: ital-8965.txt item: #674 of 712 id: ital-8966 author: Dowling, Thomas title: President's Message date: 2015-09-21 words: 474 flesch: 54 summary: In  addition  to  great  LITA   programming,  this  year  we're  working  with    colleagues  from  LLAMA  (the  Library  Leadership  and   Management  Association)  to  provide  a  set  of  programs  focused  on  the  natural  cooperation  of   management  and  technologies  in  libraries.     Next   summer  is  also  the  start  of  LITA’s  50th  Anniversary  celebrations!   keywords: board; fall; forum; lita; meetings; technologies; year cache: ital-8966.pdf plain text: ital-8966.txt item: #675 of 712 id: ital-8967 author: Cyzyk, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Information Technology and Libraries: Anxiety and Exhilaration date: 2015-09-21 words: 621 flesch: 56 summary: So  now  I  find  myself  surgically  removing/stitching  up  code  in  recently-­‐diseased  custom   Wordpress  themes,  adding  Ruby  code  to  a  crucial  piece  of  our  Website  infrastructure,  and   learning  as  much  as  I  can  -­‐-­‐  but  quick  -­‐-­‐  about  the  wonderful  and  incredibly  powerful   Bootstrap  framework  upon  which  most  of  our  sites  are  built.   Microsoft Word - September_ITAL_Cyzyk_final.docx Editorial Board Thoughts: Information Technology in Libraries: Anxiety and Exhilaration Mark Cyzyk   INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  SEPTEMBER  2015               6   A  few  weeks  ago  a  valued  colleague  left  our  library  to  move  his  young  family  back  home  to   Pittsburgh.   keywords: -­‐-­‐; calendar; code; custom; cyzyk; libraries; technology; wordpress cache: ital-8967.pdf plain text: ital-8967.txt item: #676 of 712 id: ital-9098 author: Terrell, Heather B. title: Reference is Dead, Long Live Reference: Electronic Collections in the Digital Age date: 2015-12-22 words: 3673 flesch: 45 summary: The expectation for print reference collections is that they are comprised of high-use materials—the very reason for their designation as noncirculating items is ostensibly so that materials are available for on-demand access by both patrons and staff, who use them frequently. Certain objections to removing print reference collections to closed stacks and using the newly freed public space to build a cooperative learning commons, for instance, tend to devolve into hysterics about the potentiality of libraries becoming “no better than a Starbucks.” keywords: academic; access; age; basis; better; books; browsing; cards; collections; databases; dead; digital; doi; electronic; google; information; internet; journal; landesman; librarian; libraries; library; live; long; materials; online; patrons; physical; print; print reference; public; reference; reference collections; resources; results; services; shelves; sources; staff; study; technology; terrell; tyckoson; university; users; web; wikipedia cache: ital-9098.pdf plain text: ital-9098.txt item: #677 of 712 id: ital-9150 author: Dowling, Thomas title: President's Message date: 2015-12-22 words: 478 flesch: 52 summary: LITA Local Task Force I'm writing this shortly after returning from LITA Forum 2015, which was a fantastic meeting. Planning the next LITA Forum is essentially a year-round process. keywords: assessment; force; forum; lita; local; new; personas; task cache: ital-9150.pdf plain text: ital-9150.txt item: #678 of 712 id: ital-9151 author: Varnum, Kenneth J. title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Library Analytics and Patron Privacy date: 2015-12-22 words: 1051 flesch: 39 summary: Libraries have been able to do limited quantitative studies of library usage—at its simplest, counting how many of this were checked out, how many of that was accessed, and how many users were involved. Libraries, perhaps more than any other public service organization, are strongly motivated to assess their offerings with dual aims. keywords: able; analytics; assessment; board; data; editorial; information; libraries; library; needs; particular; patron; privacy; resources; services; understanding; users; varnum cache: ital-9151.pdf plain text: ital-9151.txt item: #679 of 712 id: ital-9152 author: Wu, Annie; Thompson, Santi; Vacek, Rachel; Watkins, Sean; Weidner, Andy title: Hitting the Road towards a Greater Digital Destination: Evaluating and Testing DAMS at the University of Houston Libraries date: 2016-06-30 words: 4801 flesch: 33 summary: This article focuses on the task force’s DAMS selection activities: needs assessment, systems evaluation, and systems testing. Ongoing activities will include: ● Assessing service impact of new system ● User testing on UI ● Regular system enhancements ● Establishing new workflows ● Creating and maintaining documentation ● Training: conferences, webinars, workshops, etc. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2016 17 CONCLUSION Transitioning from CONTENTdm to a Fedora/Hydra repository will place the UH Libraries in a position to sustainably grow the amount of content in the UH Digital Library and customize the UHDL interfaces for a better user experience. keywords: access; administrative; advantages; assessment; collections; content; contentdm; criteria; current; dams; destination; development; digital; dspace; evaluation; features; fedora; force; greater; houston; hydra; ibid; implementation; information; installation; interface; libraries; library; literature; management; metadata; migration; needs; new; open; phase; preservation; process; repository; research; road; score; services; software; source; support; system; table; task; task force; testing; uhdl; unique; university; user; web; work; workflows cache: ital-9152.pdf plain text: ital-9152.txt item: #680 of 712 id: ital-9182 author: Hardesty, Juliet L. title: Transitioning from XML to RDF: Considerations for an effective move towards Linked Data and the Semantic Web date: 2016-04-01 words: 6279 flesch: 42 summary: “XML RDF.” “XML RDF,” W3Schools, accessed September 30, 2015, http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_rdf.asp. 6. keywords: available; bibframe; bibliographic; broadcasting; cases; collections; complex; core; descriptive; different; digital; doi; elements; encoding; example; fedora; framework; hardesty; hydra; information; ital.v35i1.9182; language; lee; libraries; library; management; march; meaning; metadata; model; mods; new; object; ontologies; ontology; open; pbcore; possible; properties; property; rdf; rdf statements; records; relationships; resource; schema; semantic; set; single; software; sparql; standard; statements; subject; technology; terms; text; tools; transformation; transitioning; university; uris; use; vra; way; web; work; xml cache: ital-9182.pdf plain text: ital-9182.txt item: #681 of 712 id: ital-9190 author: Trapido, Irina title: Library Discovery Products: Discovering User Expectations through Failure Analysis date: 2016-09-30 words: 7636 flesch: 35 summary: These features, many of which have become deeply embedded into user search processes elsewhere on the web, could prevent or alleviate a substantial number of issues related to problematic user queries (misspellings, typographical errors, imprecise queries, etc.), enable more efficient recovery from errors by guiding users to improved results, and facilitate discovery of foreign-language materials. They rely on relevance ranking and are often reluctant to examine search results in any depth: if the desired item does not appear within the first few hits, users tend to rework their initial search statement (often with only a minimal change to the search terms) rather than scrolling down to the bottom of the results screen or looking beyond the first page of results. keywords: academic; advanced; analysis; article; author; basic; bibliographic; book; browse; browsing; catalog; categories; collection; common; content; data; dataset; david; different; digital; discovery; errors; example; expectations; faceted; facets; failed; failure; features; feedback; fields; following; functionality; generation; important; index; information; interfaces; ital.v35i2.9190; item; journal; kelly; lack; layer; level; libraries; library; library discovery; logs; materials; metadata; mode; multiple; new; number; online; opac; patrons; patterns; percent; problematic; problems; process; products; queries; query; ranking; records; relevance; research; researchers; resources; results; scope; search; searches; searching; searchworks; september; sessions; specific; study; subject; system; technology; terms; title; tools; topical; transaction; trapido; university; usability; user; user search; web; wrong; |doi:10.6017; |irina cache: ital-9190.pdf plain text: ital-9190.txt item: #682 of 712 id: ital-9255 author: Yeh, Shea-Tinn; Walter, Zhiping title: Critical Success Factors for Integrated Library System Implementation in Academic Libraries: A Qualitative Study date: 2016-09-30 words: 6845 flesch: 44 summary: LSPs, the current generation of library management systems, are designed to manage both physical and digital collections. Since a complete ILS is formed from a suite of integrated functions to manage a broad range of library processes, it is in fact an ERP for libraries.10 A literature review of CSFs for ERP system implementation success revealed more than ninety CSF factors.11, 12 The contribution of our research is in identifying, through qualitative research method, the most salient CSFs that contribute to the success of a library system migration project from one generation of ILS to another. keywords: academic; analysis; budget; business; careful; case; communication; competence; conversion; critical; critical success; csfs; data; early; education; effective; emotions; enterprise; erp; erp implementation; factors; future; generation; ils; ilss; implementation; implementation success; important; information; integrated; interdepartmental; interviews; involvement; issues; ital.v35i2.9255; journal; libraries; library; library system; list; literature; lsp; lsps; management; manager; meetings; members; migration; needs; new; operations; outcome; planning; process; project; project management; project team; qualitative; research; resource; results; selection; september; smooth; software; staff; staff user; strategic; study; success; success factors; successful; support; system; system implementation; table; tactical; team; technology; time; tracking; training; university; user; vendor; walter; yeh; |doi:10.6017 cache: ital-9255.pdf plain text: ital-9255.txt item: #683 of 712 id: ital-9268 author: Dehmlow, Mark title: Editorial Board Thoughts: The Importance of Staff Change Management in the Face of the Growing “Cloud” date: 2016-04-01 words: 1850 flesch: 50 summary: Our approach to staff change is layered as well as long term. Envisioning the Future: Improvements and Roles — One of the initial benefits we will be getting from recouping staff time is around shoring up our processes. keywords: able; approach; change; cloud; consistency; important; infrastructure; level; libraries; library; management; needs; process; service; significant; staff; systems; technical; technologies; technology; things; time cache: ital-9268.pdf plain text: ital-9268.txt item: #684 of 712 id: ital-9343 author: Johnson, Tanya M. title: Let's Get Virtual: An Examination of Best Practices to Provide Public Access to Digital Versions of Three-Dimensional Objects date: 2016-06-30 words: 7309 flesch: 36 summary: Digital technologies work best when they enable people who feel connected to museum objects to have the freedom to deepen these Tanya M. Johnson (tmjohnso@gmail.com), a recent MLIS degree graduate from the School of Communication & Information, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is winner of the 2016 LITA/Ex Libris Student Writing Award. However, it is only recently, with the advent of newer technological mechanisms, that such objects could be shared with the public on a larger scale. keywords: access; accurate; appropriate; best; cameras; collections; color; content; criteria; cultural; data; detailed; different; digital; digital versions; digitization; digitizing; dimensional; dimensional models; dimensional objects; display; doi:10.6017; epigraphia; eton; evaluation; examination; example; files; focus; functionality; gigapixel; high; image; imaging; individual; information; institutions; interface; ital.v35i2.9343; item; johnson; journal; june; laser; libraries; library; light; low; medium; mfa; models; mri; multiple; multispectral; museum; myers; objects; order; paper; photographs; physical; pictures; possible; practices; presentation; processing; project; public; public access; quality; rating; records; rendering; researchers; resolution; scanning; similar; software; study; system; table; techniques; technology; texture; threedimensional; types; usability; users; versions; viewing; virtual; website cache: ital-9343.pdf plain text: ital-9343.txt item: #685 of 712 id: ital-9446 author: Biswas, Paromita; Marchesoni, Joel title: Analyzing Digital Collections Entrances: What Gets Used and Why It Matters date: 2016-12-30 words: 5457 flesch: 34 summary: The authors argue that such data evaluation is important because it can better inform decisions taken to build collections that will attract users and serve their needs. ANALYZING DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ENTRANCES: WHAT GETS USED AND WHY IT MATTERS | BISWAS AND MARCHESONI | https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i4.9446 20 However, the published literature offers little about the use of this software for studying usage of collections consisting of unique materials digitized and placed online by libraries and cultural heritage organizations. keywords: access; analysis; analytics; authors; biswas; carolina; cherokee; collections; contentdm; craft; data; december; digital; digital collections; dpla; entrances; example; findings; fine; google; google analytics; graph; harvesting; highlights; history; horace; hunter; information; item; kephart; keywords; largest; libraries; library; marchesoni; metadata; museum; north; number; online; percent; percentage; public; referrals; revival; search; searches; table; technology; terms; total; traditions; university; usage; users; views; visitors; wcu; website; western cache: ital-9446.pdf plain text: ital-9446.txt item: #686 of 712 id: ital-9462 author: Gerrity, Robert title: Editor's Comments: Odds and Ends date: 2016-06-30 words: 1445 flesch: 29 summary: From the point of view of a university librarian, focused on keeping journal subscription costs in line (unsuccessfully I might add), I think there is real danger in not considering what a flip to a gold model might look like. I also thank the Boston College Libraries for their ongoing support in hosting ITAL along with a number of other OA journals. keywords: access; dutch; ebsco; editor; gerrity; gold; information; institutional; ital; journal; libraries; library; lita; model; new; ongoing; open; project; publication; publishing; recent; research; review; scholarly; subscription; technology; university cache: ital-9462.pdf plain text: ital-9462.txt item: #687 of 712 id: ital-9469 author: Oud, Joanne title: Accessibility of Vendor-Created Database Tutorials for People with Disabilities date: 2016-12-30 words: 4668 flesch: 40 summary: Findings on accessibility were mixed. Positive accessibility features and common accessibility problems are described, with recommendations on how to maximize accessibility. keywords: accessibility; accessible; alternate; attention; audio; auto; available; captions; checklist; clear; content; cues; database; disabilities; features; findable; focus; information; instructional; issues; keyboard; learning; libraries; library; multimedia; narration; online; oud; page; people; percent; reading; screen; screencast; site; software; students; studies; study; technology; text; tutorials; usable; use; vendors; version; video; visual; webinars; youtube cache: ital-9469.pdf plain text: ital-9469.txt item: #688 of 712 id: ital-9474 author: Rubel, Dejah Thoris title: Picture Perfect: Using Photographic Previews to Enhance Realia Collections for Library Patrons and Staff date: 2017-06-28 words: 3745 flesch: 48 summary: Another problem that our predecessors indicated photographic previews might resolve was missing objects or pieces of objects.6 This becomes especially important for our tabletop games collection because most of those pieces are very small and too numerous for a piece count upon return. Overall, photographic previews for this collection appear to be working very well for both catalog users and circulation staff “…to inform users about size, extent, and availability of collections or objects. keywords: anatomical; anatomy; box; butler; catalog; circulation; collection; cover; dental; digital; educational; game; greene; ibid; images; information; innovative; kvenild; libraries; library; links; management; manipulatives; materials; media; metadata; model; module; moeller; number; patrons; photographic; photographic previews; pieces; pixels; previews; realia; records; staff; students; subject; tabletop; technology; users cache: ital-9474.pdf plain text: ital-9474.txt item: #689 of 712 id: ital-9526 author: Fifarek, Aimee title: President's Column: Reflections on LITA's Past and Future date: 2016-09-30 words: 1085 flesch: 50 summary: By the time of LITA’s founding at the 1966 Midwinter Meeting in Chicago, library automation had been in development for over a decade.3 MARC was just being invented, with the first tapes from the Library of Congress scheduled to go to the sixteen pilot libraries later that year. LITA is well positioned to take the first steps into our next 50 years. keywords: ala; area; automation; efforts; fifarek; focus; future; information; libraries; library; lita; members; new; past; president; salmon; staff; technology; world; year cache: ital-9526.pdf plain text: ital-9526.txt item: #690 of 712 id: ital-9527 author: Morton-Owens, Emily title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Requiring and Demonstrating Technical Skills for Library Employment date: 2016-09-30 words: 1205 flesch: 41 summary: Halperin problematized the expense of the MLS credential in comparison to the qualifications actually required by library technology jobs and the salaries offered for technical versus nontechnical work. While it may be helpful to express requirements better to encourage applicants to see more clearly whether they should respond to a posting, this is a small part of the question of preparing new MLS grads for library technology jobs. keywords: board; degree; editorial; experience; job; jobs; libraries; library; mls; morton; new; owens; postings; skills; students; technical; technology; work; years cache: ital-9527.pdf plain text: ital-9527.txt item: #691 of 712 id: ital-9540 author: Maceli, Monica; Burke, John J title: Technology Skills in the Workplace: Information Professionals’ Current Use and Future Aspirations date: 2016-12-30 words: 7504 flesch: 32 summary: Figure 5. Terms correlated with “library website creation or management,” indicating commonly co-occurring technologies used on the job INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2016 45 And lastly, teaching using technology and teaching technology to others is a long-standing responsibility of librarians and library staff. • Teaching others to use technology INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2016 61 • Teaching using technology (instruction sessions, workshops, etc.) • Technology equipment installation • Technology purchase decision-making • Technology troubleshooting • Texting, chatting, or instant messaging • 3D printers • Twitter • Using a web browser • Video recording and editing • Virtual reality (Oculus Rift, etc.) keywords: analysis; aspirations; burke; coding; creation; current; current use; database; december; desire; development; digital; editing; education; experience; field; figure; following; future; groups; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i4.9540; huff; information; information professionals; information technology; interest; job; lack; learning; librarian; libraries; library; lis; list; maceli; makerspace; management; new; number; participants; percent; percentage; positions; practitioners; printers; professionals; programming; public; question; related; research; respondents; responses; responsibilities; results; riley; science; searching; skills; software; staff; survey; systems; teaching; technical; technological; technologies; technology; technology skills; terms; time; tools; understanding; use; video; web; workplace; years cache: ital-9540.pdf plain text: ital-9540.txt item: #692 of 712 id: ital-9585 author: Buljung, Brianna B.; Johnson, Catherine R. title: Up Against the Clock: Migrating to LibGuides v2 on a Tight Timeline date: 2017-06-28 words: 7162 flesch: 56 summary: The LibGuides tab was also updated to provide a drop down list of all the guides and a link to browse by guide owner, subject or type of guide. LITERATURE REVIEW Much of the currently available literature on migration of platforms, especially the LibGuides platform is published informally. keywords: best; box; buljung; check; clock; complete; contact; content; databases; design; face; faq; feedback; functionality; guide owners; help; implementation; information; instruction; interface; johnson; libanswers; libchat; libguides; libguides v2; libguides version; librarian; libraries; library; links; list; migration; necessary; need; new; october; owners; process; products; project; questions; reference; research; review; semester; service; short; site; springshare; staff; subject; tasks; team; tickets; tight; tight timeline; timeline; type; update; use; users; version; web; work cache: ital-9585.pdf plain text: ital-9585.txt item: #693 of 712 id: ital-9595 author: Chu, Kuo-Chung; Lu, Hsin-Ke; Liu, Wen-I title: Identifying Emerging Relationship in Healthcare Domain Journals via Citation Network Analysis date: 2018-03-19 words: 4250 flesch: 50 summary: Many other methods originate from citation analysis, including document co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling,5 author co- citation analysis,6 and co-word analysis.7 There are levels of co-citation analysis: document, author, and journal. In addition, we use data mining techniques for co-citation analysis. keywords: access; algorithm; analysis; apriori; articles; association; author; bmj; chu; citation; citation analysis; core; database; dataset; domain; end; engl; fields; figure; greater; healthcare; healthcare domain; information; issues; item; jama; journals; knowledge; lancet; libraries; literature; liu; management; march; med; module; nursing; paper; percent; pmc; relationship; research; researchers; results; rule; set; structure; subsystem; support; system; technology; title; total; web; xml cache: ital-9595.pdf plain text: ital-9595.txt item: #694 of 712 id: ital-9598 author: Massicotte, Mia; Botter, Kathleen title: Reference Rot in the Repository: A Case Study of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) in an Academic Library date: 2017-03-31 words: 6460 flesch: 37 summary: The authors converted and examined 664 doctoral dissertations in total, extracting 11,437 links, finding overall that 77% of links were active, and 23% exhibited linkrot. Mementos were found for 77% of links, and approximately half of these, 492 of 990, exhibited content drift. keywords: 2xx; academic; access; active; analysis; archived; arts; authors; available; botter; breakdown; broad; business; case; code; collection; concordia; content; content drift; converted; date; deposit; digital; discipline; dissertations; documents; drift; electronic; electronic theses; engineering; etds; figure; fine; hiberlink; http; information; institutional; january; journal; libraries; library; linkrot; links; literature; long; march; massicotte; memento; number; open; original; overall; page; period; phillips; preservation; programs; project; publication; range; reference; repository; research; response; sample; scholarly; science; sompel; spectrum; studies; study; table; technology; term; text; theses; time; total; university; urls; van; wayback; web; year cache: ital-9598.pdf plain text: ital-9598.txt item: #695 of 712 id: ital-9601 author: Farnel, Sharon title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Metadata Training in Canadian Library Technician Programs date: 2016-12-30 words: 1416 flesch: 30 summary: EDITORIAL BOARD THOUGHTS | FARNEL https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i4.9601 4 Canadian institutions offering a library technician program (by province) are: Alberta ● MacEwan University (http://www.macewan.ca/wcm/SchoolsFaculties/Business/Programs/LibraryandInforma tionTechnology/) ● Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (http://www.sait.ca/programs-and-courses/full- time-studies/diplomas/library-information-technology) British Columbia ● Langara College (http://langara.ca/programs-and-courses/programs/library-information- technology/) ● University of the Fraser Valley (http://www.ufv.ca/programs/libit/) Manitoba ● Red River College (http://me.rrc.mb.ca/catalogue/ProgramInfo.aspx?ProgCode=LIBIF- DP&RegionCode=WPG) Nova Scotia ● Nova Scotia Community College (http://www.nscc.ca/learning_programs/programs/plandescr.aspx?prg=LBTN&pln=LIBIN FTECH) Ontario ● Algonquin College (http://www.algonquincollege.com/healthandcommunity/program/library-and- information-technician/) ● Conestoga College (https://www.conestogac.on.ca/parttime/library-and-information- technician) ● Confederation College (http://www.confederationcollege.ca/program/library-and- information-technician) ● Durham College (http://www.durhamcollege.ca/programs/library-and-information- technician) ● Seneca College (http://www.senecacollege.ca/fulltime/LIT.html) ● Mohawk College (http://www.mohawkcollege.ca/ce/programs/community-services-and- support/library-and-information-technician-diploma-800) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2016 5 Quebec ● John Abbott College (http://www.johnabbott.qc.ca/academics/career- programs/information-library-technologies/) Saskatchewan ● Saskatchewan Polytechnic (http://saskpolytech.ca/programs-and- courses/programs/Library-and-Information-Technology.aspx) Microsoft Word - December_ITAL_farnell_final.docx Editorial Board Thoughts: Metadata Training in Canadian Library Technician Programs Sharon Farnel INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2016 3 The core metadata team at my institution is small but effective. keywords: assistants; board; canada; college; course; description; editorial; experience; farnel; institutions; libraries; library; metadata; programs; skills; standards; students; technician; technology; university; work cache: ital-9601.pdf plain text: ital-9601.txt item: #696 of 712 id: ital-9602 author: Fifarek, Aimee title: President's Message: Focus on Information Ethics date: 2016-12-30 words: 737 flesch: 38 summary: PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE | FIFAREK https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i4.9602 2 Changes brought about by the rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) not only open tremendous opportunities to humankind but also pose unprecedented ethical challenges. Offer to be on a panel, create a curriculum, or host a program that includes key concepts relating to information “ownership, access, privacy, security, and community”7. keywords: consequences; ethics; forum; information; library; lita; people; president; talk; technologies; time; use; year cache: ital-9602.pdf plain text: ital-9602.txt item: #697 of 712 id: ital-9655 author: Jiao, Qun G.; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. title: The Impact of Information Technology on Library Anxiety: The Role of Computer Attitudes date: 2017-09-17 words: 5377 flesch: 46 summary: Similarly, Jerabek, Meyer, and Kordinak found levels of computer anxiety to be related to levels of library anxiety for both men and women. Analysis A canonical correlation analysis was conducted to iden- tify a combination of library anxiety dimensions (barriers with staff, affective barriers, comfort with the library, knowledge of the library, and mechanical barriers) that might be simultaneously related to a combination of com- puter-attitude dimensions (computer anxiety, computer liking, computer confidence, and computer usefulness). keywords: academic; affective; african; american; analysis; anthony; anxiety; attitudes; barriers; bostick; canonical; coefficients; college; comfort; computer; computer anxiety; computer attitudes; confidence; copyright; correlation; dimensions; educational; experience; function; graduate; high; impact; information; jiao; journal; knowledge; large; levels; libraries; library; library anxiety; liking; mizrachi; new; onwuegbuzie; owner; percent; permission; qun; related; relationship; reproduction; research; resources; scores; set; shoham; significant; staff; standardized; structure; students; study; subscale; technologies; technology; use; usefulness; variables cache: ital-9655.pdf plain text: ital-9655.txt item: #698 of 712 id: ital-9662 author: Cornish, Alan title: Using a Native XML Database for Encoded Archival Description Search and Retrieval date: 2017-09-17 words: 4020 flesch: 63 summary: The use of a Relational Dat abase Management System (RDBMS) to es tablish sea rch and retri eva l for EAD XML d ocume nts was con sid- ered as well. For this proj ect, a local ( or self-cont aine d) cat alog could hav e been created and p opulated with MARC records containing metadat a for th e EAD docum en ts, includin g a URL for online access. keywords: a2a; access; aids; alan; approach; archival; archival description; archives; article; available; best; books; california; catalog; centric; collections; commercial; consortium; copyright; cornish; creation; database; delivery; deployment; description; docum; documents; ead; encoding; ent; field; finding; information; innovative; institutions; int; interfaces; ixiasoft; key; layers; libraries; library; management; marc; materials; native; native xml; need; nov; nwda; oai; online; open; owner; permission; pitti; product; proj; rdbms; records; repository; reproduction; results; retrieval; roth; search; server; site; software; solution; specific; standard; state; support; system; technology; textml; thi; tool; union; university; use; www; xml; xpath cache: ital-9662.pdf plain text: ital-9662.txt item: #699 of 712 id: ital-9663 author: Xia, Jingfeng title: Using GIS to Measure In-Library Book-Use Behavior date: 2017-09-17 words: 7227 flesch: 68 summary: This proj ect is one of a serie s of proj- ects for deve lopin g GIS into a tool to manag e and anal yze the u sage char- acteristi cs of library books . Nonetheless, this small part of the illustrati ons has been able to show clear patterns of the usage pattern of library books. keywords: able; academic; actual; american; analysis; analytical; analyzing; approach; archival; area; article; attempt; attention; author; available; behavior; best; book use; books; bookshelf; bookshelves; clear; collections; college; copyright; daniel; data; database; day; december; demonstration; description; development; different; dimensional; display; distribution; easy; end; ent; ere; fall; fifth; figure; finding; floor; functionalities; gis; height; hesitant; ill; important; individual; information; internet; items; jain; jingfeng; layers; libraries; library; library book; library collections; lita; mackimmie; management; maps; n.y; native; new; nov; numbers; nwda; order; owner; paper; patterns; permission; pick; pitti; present; products; public; rack; ranges; readers; reproduction; research; results; rfid; sampling; scale; sed; software; space; spatial; start; study; subject; support; system; technologies; technology; ted; th e; thi; time; tool; unit; university; use; users; utilization; view; visualization; work; www; xia; xml cache: ital-9663.pdf plain text: ital-9663.txt item: #700 of 712 id: ital-9664 author: Northrup, Lori; Cherry, Ed; Darby, Della title: Using Server-Side Include Commands for Subject Web-Page Management: An Alternative to Database-Driven Technologies for the Smaller Academic Library date: 2017-09-17 words: 5660 flesch: 65 summary: Certainly each library has its own server situation, and this solu- tion for handling occasional updates to electronic resources information on library Web pages may not work for all. 9 As mentioned above, SUL Web pages all include the same header and footer; these head- ers and footers do not appear in the original HTML code for the pages . keywords: .txt; academic; access; alphabetical; articles; automation; browser; changes; cherry; code; commands; copyright; creation; darby; database; davidson; department; driven; editor; electronic; files; footer; guides; html; ibid; include; information; librarians; library; list; load; mach; maintenance; names; need; northrup; notess; online; owner; pages; permission; place; point; portion; process; purl; recent; reference; reproduction; resources; responsible; samford; server; site; ssi; staff; statements; static; strain; subject; subject pages; sul; table; technology; text; time; title; training; type; university; updates; updating; use; user; uses; web; web pages; work cache: ital-9664.pdf plain text: ital-9664.txt item: #701 of 712 id: ital-9665 author: Coyle, Karen title: Book Review: Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity date: 2017-09-17 words: 2210 flesch: 68 summary: Throughout the book, Lessig points out the difference between copyright law and the actual market for works. If there were sufficient proof that free online copies of works increased sales of hard copies, this would quickly become the norm, regardless of the state of copyright law. keywords: author; book; case; control; copies; copyright; court; creativity; creators; culture; free; future; ideas; information; law; length; lessig; libraries; need; new; owner; permission; print; property; real; technology; time; use; uses; works; years cache: ital-9665.pdf plain text: ital-9665.txt item: #702 of 712 id: ital-9718 author: Fagan, Jody Condit title: An Evidence-Based Review of Academic Web Search Engines, 2014-2016: Implications for Librarians’ Practice and Research Agenda date: 2017-06-28 words: 18198 flesch: 48 summary: Legal decisions in 2016 confirmed Google’s right to make copies of books for its index without paying or even obtaining permission from copyright holders, solidifying the company’s opportunity to shape the online experience with respect to books. FINDINGS Google Books Google Books (https://books.google.com) contains about 30 million books, approaching the Library of Congress’s 37 million, but far shy of Google’s estimate of 130 million books in existence (Wu 2015), which Google intends to continue indexing (Jackson 2010). keywords: abrizah; abstracts; academic; academic books; academic search; academic web; access; additional; alakangas; analysis; api; areas; articles; arts; arxiv; association; authors; available; bibliographic; bibliometric; bonato; case; chen; citations; comparison; conference; content; counts; coverage; cózar; databases; delgado; different; digital; disciplines; discovery; documents; dodou; duplicate; education; emilio; engineering; engines; english; enrique; et al; evaluation; evidence; fagan; field; finding; free; general; giustini; google books; google scholar; grey; haddaway; harzing; health; higher; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i2.9718; humanities; impact; indexes; indexing; indicators; information; institutional; items; journal; june; kousha; lack; language; large; libraries; library; likely; limitations; limited; links; literature; longitudinal; lópez; major; malea; martín; mays; metadata; metrics; microsoft; microsoft academic; missing; need; new; non; number; online; open; orduña; papers; preprint; prins; process; profiles; publications; publisher; recent; records; reference; related; relevant; repositories; research; researchers; researchgate; results; review; sample; scholar citations; scholar coverage; scholarly; scholars; scholarship; science; scientometrics; scopus; search; search engines; searches; searching; services; similar; social; software; sources; specific; students; studies; study; summon; systematic; technology; terms; text; thelwall; time; titles; tool; total; traditional; university; use; useful; user; utility; version; web; web search; weiss; winter; work; years; zadpoor cache: ital-9718.pdf plain text: ital-9718.txt item: #703 of 712 id: ital-9720 author: Rebmann, Kristen Radsliff; Te, Emmanuel Edward; Means, Donald title: TV Whites Spaces in Public Libraries: A Primer date: 2017-03-31 words: 5108 flesch: 25 summary: As a public resource, it can work with existing services to create new, potentially mobile connections to the internet that ensure the continuation of vital services in the event of service interruptions.38 In urban areas with fewer channels available, new efficient spectrum sharing policies will be necessary. Assigned spectrum is not always used efficiently and effectively by licensees, and exclusive or non-exclusive sharing or “recycling” of bands for more INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2017 40 effective spectrum use by multiple parties with changing spectrum needs can alleviate pressure on these resources.39 TVWS for Public Libraries TVWS is a viable medium for applications from internet access, content distribution within a given location, tracking (people, animals, and assets), task automation, and public safety and security,40 as well as remote patient monitoring and other telemedicine applications.41 TVWS complements existing networks that use other parts of the spectrum for access points, mobile communications, and home media devices.42 Analyses of a recent digital inclusion survey suggest that technology upgrades can have significant impact on the ability of libraries to expand programs and services.43 As community anchor institutions (CAIs), public libraries can use TVWS systems to expand and improve access to their services for their users, especially for underserved populations. Libraries often lack the IT skills, time, and funds to upgrade their INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2017 38 infrastructure.16 Typical wireless access via Wi-Fi is relegated to distances within library buildings, which may extend to exterior spaces and is available only during operating hours. keywords: abdus; access; anchor; approach; areas; availability; bertot; broadband; centre; commission; communications; communities; community; connections; cost; crisis; digital; digital divide; divide; emergency; ermanno; fcc; federal; hotspots; ibid; ict4d; implementations; inclusion; information; infrastructure; institutions; international; internet; internet access; jaeger; john; libraries; library; marco; means; network; new; open; paul; physics; pietrosemoli; policy; populations; primer; public; public access; public libraries; quality; rebmann; recent; response; role; salam; services; spaces; spectrum; technology; term; theoretical; trieste; tv white; tvws; underserved; use; white; white spaces; wireless; zennaro cache: ital-9720.pdf plain text: ital-9720.txt item: #704 of 712 id: ital-9733 author: Colegrove, Patrick Tod title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Arts into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEAM, Creative Abrasion, and the Opportunity in Libraries Today date: 2017-03-31 words: 2826 flesch: 36 summary: Microsoft Word - 9733-16966-4-CE.docx Editorial Board Thoughts: Arts into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEAM, Creative Abrasion, and the Opportunity in Libraries Today Tod Colegrove INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2017 4 Over the millennia, man’s attempt to understand the universe has been an evolution from the broad to the sharply focused. As our libraries move toward embracing an even more active role within our communities, our organizational priorities are undergoing similarly dramatic shifts: support for knowledge creation INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2017 6 and innovation becomes more central, even as physical assets shift toward a supporting, even peripheral, role. Libraries, as fundamentally neutral hubs of diverse communities, are uniquely positioned to be able to cultivate creative abrasion within and among their communities, fostering not only knowledge creation, but innovation and success. keywords: abrasion; arts; board; business; colegrove; collaboration; collections; communities; connection; creation; creative; creativity; disciplinary; disciplines; editorial; education; engineering; group; individuals; information; innovation; intersection; knowledge; libraries; library; likely; members; nobel; opportunity; physical; potential; press; print; school; science; spaces; stem; study; success; support; technology; times; today; traditional; trans cache: ital-9733.pdf plain text: ital-9733.txt item: #705 of 712 id: ital-9750 author: Abunadi, Ibrahim title: A Technology-Dependent Information Literacy Model within the Confines of a Limited Resources Environment date: 2018-12-17 words: 7182 flesch: 34 summary: This has caused lack of student information literacy education, which is evident in the submission of student assignments. Their research focused on student information literacy skill development using library facilities instead of faculty, which is a different approach than the approach followed in the present study. keywords: abunadi; academic; analysis; anderson; assessments; better; case; computer; course; critical; data; databases; december; delivery; development; different; digital; disposition; education; effective; engineering; equation; face; face instruction; face learning; helpful; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i4.9750; information; information literacy; information technology; instruction; instructors; internet; intervention; items; journal; knowledge; latent; learning; level; libraries; library; limited; literacy; literacy model; lms; management; measurement; method; model; modeling; moodle; multivariate; online; paper; people; performance; practice; problems; questionnaire; real; related; relevant; required; research; resources; results; review; science; semester; services; skills; structural; students; studies; study; survey; systems; table; teachers; teaching; technology; test; tools; traditional; university; usage; use; variables cache: ital-9750.pdf plain text: ital-9750.txt item: #706 of 712 id: ital-9808 author: Fifarek, Aimee title: President's Message: For The Record date: 2017-03-31 words: 1070 flesch: 49 summary: Although being LITA President bears absolutely no resemblance to being President of the United States, I have been thinking about this little imagining of mine a lot lately. Being LITA President also means being President of a Division of the American Library Association. keywords: ala; association; board; elect; fifarek; future; information; level; library; lita; new; plan; president; presidential; record; time; year cache: ital-9808.pdf plain text: ital-9808.txt item: #707 of 712 id: ital-9817 author: Pekala, Shayna title: Privacy and User Experience in 21st Century Library Discovery date: 2017-06-28 words: 4596 flesch: 28 summary: June_ITA_Pekala_final Privacy and User Experience in 21st Century Library Discovery Shayna Pekala INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2017 48 ABSTRACT Over the last decade, libraries have taken advantage of emerging technologies to provide new discovery tools to help users find information and resources more efficiently. content-based systems, in which the system recommends items based on their similarity to items that the user expressed interest in; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2017 52 2. collaborative-filtering systems, in which users are given recommendations for items that other users with similar tastes liked in the past; and 3. community-based systems, in which the system recommends items based on the preferences of the user’s friends.28 Many popular consumer services, such as Amazon.com, YouTube, Netflix, Google, etc., have increased (and continue to increase) the level of personalization that they offer.29 One such service in the area of academic resource discovery is Google Scholar’s Updates, which analyzes a user’s publication history in order to predict new publications of interest.30 Libraries, in contrast, have not pressed their developers and vendors to personalize their services in favor of privacy, even though studies have shown that users expect library tools to mimic their experience using web search engines.31 Some web-scale discovery services do, however, allow researchers to set personalization preferences, such as their field of study, and, according to Roger Schonfeld, it is likely that many researchers would benefit tremendously from increased personalization in discovery.32 In this vein, the American Philosophical Society Library recently launched a new recommendation tool for archives and manuscripts that uses circulation data and user-supplied interests to drive recommendations.33 Opportunities for User Experience in Library Discovery A major challenge in today’s online discovery environment is that the user is inhibited by an overwhelming number of results. keywords: 21st; access; address; american; association; century; community; consumer; customer; data; design; digital; discovery; discovery tools; economy; engines; ethical; ethics; experience; future; google; health; information; internet; june; libraries; library; library discovery; national; new; niso; online; open; parties; patron; pekala; personalization; possible; principles; privacy; process; products; records; reports; research; resource; results; schonfeld; search; security; services; set; standards; systems; technologies; technology; today; tools; tracking; user; user data; user experience; web cache: ital-9817.pdf plain text: ital-9817.txt item: #708 of 712 id: ital-9825 author: Davis, Ann Marie Lynn title: Current Trends and Goals in the Development of Makerspaces at New England College and Research Libraries date: 2018-06-18 words: 8360 flesch: 49 summary: LITERATURE REVIEW The body of literature on library makerspaces is brief, descriptive, and often didactic. Other CRL makerspaces took pride in fostering a type of learning that was explicitly collaborative, exciting, and even “fun” for users. keywords: access; addition; budget; campus; challenges; college; common; community; consent; crls; culture; current; data; davis; development; different; digital; england; equipment; equivalent; example; faculty; figure; free; funding; future; goals; groups; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.9825; information; june; knowledge; lab; labs; learning; libraries; library; literacy; local; majority; makerspace; making; models; movement; near; new; number; online; open; operating; outreach; participation; path; plans; population; printers; printing; programs; public; questions; reasons; relevant; research; resources; respondents; responses; results; specific; staff; students; study; support; survey; technologies; technology; time; tools; trends; types; university; users; years cache: ital-9825.pdf plain text: ital-9825.txt item: #709 of 712 id: ital-9878 author: Han, Yan; Wan, Xueheng title: Digitization of Text Documents Using PDF/A date: 2018-03-19 words: 4345 flesch: 34 summary: PDF/A was designed to address concerns about long-term preservation of PDF files, but there has been little research and few implementations of this file format. NARA joined the PDF Association because PDF files are used as electronic documents in every government and business agency. keywords: a-2; a-2b; article; association; authors; code; color; compression; conformance; conversion; digital; digitization; documents; file; generated; guidelines; han; header; icc; icc_profile; ifd0; image; imagemagick; implementation; information; jpeg2000; level; libraries; library; long; march; master; metadata; new; ocr; open; original; page; pdf; preferred; preservation; profiles; runtime; single; size; software; source; standards; technology; text; tiff; tools; use; validator; wan cache: ital-9878.pdf plain text: ital-9878.txt item: #710 of 712 id: ital-9953 author: Markland, Mary J.; Rempel, Hannah Gascho; Bridges, Laurie title: Mobile Website Use and Advanced Researchers: Understanding Library Users at a University Marine Sciences Branch Campus date: 2017-12-22 words: 7233 flesch: 38 summary: The conversation about how best to design mobile library websites has shifted over the past decade. The results indicate possible value in devising ways to promote Guin Library’s resources and services locally, which could include highlighting the availability of mobile library access. keywords: academic; access; advanced; advanced researchers; apps; articles; behaviors; branch; bridges; campus; community; data; database; december; devices; doi:10.6017; email; faculty; field; figure; graduate; graduate students; guin; help; hmsc; home; information; ital.v36i4.9953; journal; librarianship; libraries; library; library website; likely; literature; main; marine; markland; mobile; mobile devices; mobile website; needs; oregon; osu; participants; percent; population; reading; rempel; reported; researchers; resources; respondents; results; science; searching; services; specific; students; studies; study; survey; technology; time; tools; undergraduate; university; usage; use; users; website; website use; wireless; work cache: ital-9953.pdf plain text: ital-9953.txt item: #711 of 712 id: ital-9959 author: Azadbakht, Elena; Blair, John; Jones, Lisa title: Everyone’s Invited: A Website Usability Study Involving Multiple Library Stakeholders date: 2017-12-22 words: 4292 flesch: 51 summary: Limitations Although we controlled for user type (undergraduate, graduate, faculty, or library employee) in the recruitment of study participants, we did not screen by academic discipline. Research on the search behaviors of students versus more experienced researchers or subject experts also has implications for library website design. keywords: academic; articles; azadbakht; blair; book; box; complete; databases; discovery; employees; faculty; faq; figure; graduate; group; help; homepage; information; journal; libraries; library; online; option; participants; primo; research; results; search; searches; staff; students; studies; study; tasks; technology; testing; title; tool; undergraduate; university; usability; user; website cache: ital-9959.pdf plain text: ital-9959.txt item: #712 of 712 id: ital-9987 author: Zvyagintseva, Lydia title: It is Our Flagship: Surveying the Landscape of Digital Interactive Displays in Learning Environments date: 2018-06-18 words: 10068 flesch: 37 summary: Data gathered shows that the average full-time equivalent (FTE) needed to support digital display services in organizations interviewed was 2.97—around three full time staff members. In terms of the capacity to carry out digital display services, skills that have been identified by study participants as being important to supporting work of this nature include the following: 1. technical skills (such as the ability to troubleshoot), general interest in technology, and flexibility and willingness to learn new things (74%) 2. design, visual, and creative sensibility (40%), as this type of work is primarily a visual experience 3. software-development or programming-language knowledge (31%) 4. communication, collaboration, and relationship-building (25%) keywords: academic; addition; appendix; approaches; attention; audience; august; australia; average; cases; challenges; communication; community; computer; computing; conference; content; creative; cube; data; design; development; digital; digital displays; digital exhibits; digital interactive; displays; dynamic; engagement; engaging; environmental; example; exhibits; factors; figure; findings; flagship; games; gestures; guidelines; hardware; house; https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.9987; human; important; information; institutions; interactive; interactivity; interest; international; interviews; july; june; large; learning; libraries; library; like; management; media; middleware; mobile; model; multi; museums; needs; new; number; organizations; participants; people; physical; population; proceedings; project; public; public displays; research; scan; scheduling; service; signage; single; skills; small; social; software; solution; sources; spaces; studies; study; study population; successes; support; systems; table; technical; technologies; technology; terms; time; touch; types; understanding; university; users; vendors; video; visualization; words; work; years; zvyagintseva cache: ital-9987.pdf plain text: ital-9987.txt