IIUM Engineering Journal - Vol 23 No 2 July 2022 IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL Copyright Notice Consent to publish: The Author(s) agree to publish their articles with IIUM Press. Declaration: The Author(s) declare that the article has not been published before in any form and that it is not concurrently submitted to another publication, and also that it does not infringe on anyone's copyright. The Author(s) holds the IIUM Press and Editors of the journal harmless against all copyright claims. Transfer of copyright: The Author(s) hereby agree to transfer the copyright of the article to IIUM Press, which shall have the non-exclusive and unlimited right to publish the article in any form, including in electronic media. For the article with more than one author, the corresponding author confirms that he/she is authorized by his/her co-author(s) to grant this transfer of copyright. The IIUM Engineering journal follows the open access policy. All articles published open access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute for noncommercial purposes. IIUM Engineering Journal at https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL CHIEF EDITOR Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia TECHNICAL EDITOR Sany Izan Ihsan, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia ASSOCIATE EDITOR Nor Farahidah Za’bah, IIUM, Malaysia LANGUAGE EDITOR Lynn Mason, Malaysia COPY EDITOR Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia MALAY TRANSLATOR Nurul Arfah Che Mustapha, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia Aishah Najiah Bt. Dahnel, IIUM, Malaysia Alya Naili Binti Rozhan, IIUM, Malaysia Norsinnira Bt. Zainul Azlan, IIUM, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohamed B. Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohd. Sultan Ibrahim Bin Shaik Dawood, IIUM, Malaysia Muhammad Ibn Ibrahimy, IIUM, Malaysia Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, IIUM, Malaysia Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually (January and July), is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers and Invited review papers. It also welcomes contributions that address solutions to the specific challenges of the developing world, and address science and technology issues from an Islamic and multidisciplinary perspective. REFEREES’ NETWORK All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees’ assessments. SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website at http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website. ii INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. Anwar, United States Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hany Ammar, United States Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu Abdella, Canada Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France M Mujtaba, United Kingdom Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland Mohamed B Trabia, United States Syed Kamrul Islam, United States Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia. Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6421-5014, Fax: (+603) 6421-6298 Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement. IIUM Engineering Journal ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860 iii IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL EDITORIAL CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING 1713: EFFECT OF FEED FLOWRATES ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIOXIDANT OF MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) ENCAPSULATED POWDER ........................................................................................................... Muhammad Norzaman Kathiman, Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip, Jolius Gimbun 1717: POTENTIAL OF LOW CARBON NANOTUBES DOSAGE ON CHROMIUM REMOVAL FROM WATER .................................... Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi, Firdaus Abd-Wahab, Warqaa Muhammed Bahaaddin, Lubna Muhamed Musa, Nour Hamid Abdurahman and Isam Yasseen Qudsieh 2234: PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE FLOURS BASED ON MOCAF AND TEMPEH FLOUR FOR MAKING COOKIES ........................................................................................................................................ Dita Kristanti and Woro Setiaboma CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2070: EVALUATION OF DUCTILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH SHEAR WALLS HAVING DIFFERENT THICKNESSES AND DIFFERENT POSITIONS ............................................................................................................................ Rİfat ReSatoGlu and Shahram Jkhsi 2173: NEW APPROACH TO PREDICT FECAL COLIFORM REMOVAL FOR STORMWATER BIOFILTERS APPLICATION ....................... Sai Hin Lai, Chun Hooi Bu, Ren Jie Chin, Xiang Ting Goh and Fang Yenn Teo 2367: GRANULAR SUBBASE IMPROVEMENT WITH RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATES IN TROPICAL AREAS ............................. Daniela L. Vega A., José Eduardo Salcedo Fontalvo, Richard Jiménez Triana, Dulce María Palacios Del Barre and Cesar Fresneda Saldarriaga ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 1763: SECURE SLICING AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES OF 5G NETWORKS IN SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING / NETWORK FUNCTIONS VIRTUALIZATION .......................................................................................................................... Ali J. Ramadhan 2168: THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER POLLUTION DETECTOR USING CONDUCTIVITY AND TURBIDITY PRINCIPLES .................... Nurulhasanah Amir Hamzah Maju , Hasmah Mansor, Teddy Surya Gunawan and Robiah Ahmad 2190: OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE CUCKOO SEARCH ALGORITHM ........ Azrin Saedi, Mohd Shahrin Abu Hanifah, Hilmi Hela Ladin and Siti Hajar Yusoff 2272: A NEW HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE PARALLEL TURBO DECODER ....................................... Sujatha Elukuru, Subhas Chennapalli and Giriprasad Mahendra Nanjappa 2385: FUZZY LOGIC AND PI CONTROLLER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM ..................................... Mazbahur Rahman Khan, S. M. A. Motakabber, AHM Zahirul Alam and Syed Ahmad Fawwaz Wafa ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED SCIENCE 1697: A FUZZY SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING TRUSTWORTHINESS OF USERS IN A SOCIAL NETWORK ......................................... Mohammad Mahdi Shafiei, Hossein Shirgahi, Homayun Motameni and Behnam Barzegar 2134: SARIMA-LSTM COMBINATION FOR COVID-19 CASE MODELING ..................................................................... Imam Tahyudin, Rizki Wahyudi and Hidetaka Nambo 2164: FORECASTING OF INFECTION PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI (H. PYLORI) USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS ........... Komiljon Usarov, Anvarjon Ahmedov, Mustafa Fatih Abasiyanik and Ku Muhammad Na’im Ku Khalif iv MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 2182: MECHANICAL AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC CELLULOSE REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES .............................................................................................................................................. Omran A. Shabeeb, Dawood S. Mahjoob, Hamid M. Mahan and Muammel M. Hanon 2196: CHARACTERISTICS OF LEACHATE UPON HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT PROCESSING: CASE STUDY OF AMPANG DISTRICT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LEACHATE .............................................................................................................. Hadi Purwanto, Siti Salwa Khamis, Hamzah Mohd Salleh, Alya Naili Rozhan, Mohamed Abd Rahman and Rashidi Othman MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2137: THE EFFECT OF LAYER THICKNESS ON REPEATABILITY OF 3D PRINTED PLA PARTS PRODUCED USING OPENWARE 3D PRINTER ..................................................................................................................................................... Normariah Che Maideen, Mohd Ikmal Hisham Abdul Rahim, Salina Budin, Koay Mei Hyie and Hamid Yusoff 2143: CHARACTERIZATION AND SINTERING PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE BIOCERAMICS SYNTHESIZED FROM CLAMSHELL BIOWASTE ................................................................................................................................................. Chui Kim Ng, Kit Yee Sara Lee, Chin Hong Tan, Singh Ramesh, Chen Hunt Ting, Yea Dat Chuah, Yong Tan and Ubenthiran Sutharsini 2148: EARLIER DENATURATION OF DNA BY USING NOVEL TERNARY HYBRID NANOPARTICLES ............................................ Jalal Mohammed Zayan, Akbar John, Abdul Khaliq Rasheed, Batoul Alallam, Mohammed Khalid, Ahmad Faris Ismail, Bryan Raveen Nelson and Hamzah Salleh 2157: VIRTUAL PROTOTYPE-BASED KINEMATIC MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A MULTI-MODE AMPHIBIOUS ROBOT ........... Mohammed Rafeeq, Siti Fauziah Toha, Salmiah Ahmad and Mohd Asyraf Mohd Razib