14 IJAL 3 (1) (2018) International Journal of Active Learning http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/ijal Social, Psychological, and Emotional: Autism Children Factors by Case Study within Face to Face Approach Satrianawati Departement of Elementary Teacher Education, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia Info Articles ___________________ History Articles: Received 23 February 2018 Approved 11 March 2018 Published 1 April 2018 ___________________ Keywords: Autism factors _______________________ Abstract ____________________________________________________________ The problem of many autism children in Yogyakarta. With an overall ratio of approximately 11 children to 43 students, there is a substantial quantity of autism. However, these are many children with special needs. Autisms is commonly disordering seriously. This condition creates abnormal repeatedly of DNA basis sequence to chromosome X so impair that one gene is known by inheritance mum to the baby. The method is qualitative approached using case study within social, psychological, and emotional factors. Collected data by interview, participant observations, and documentation. The object is an autism student in Mrisi Muhammadiyah Elementary school. The result showed that there are three factors causing autism students, such is social, psychological, and emotional. How to Cite ____________________________________________________________ Satrianawati. (2018). Social, Psychological, and Emotional: Autism Children Factors by Case Study within Face to Face Approach. International Journal of Active Learning, 3(1). © 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang  Address correspondence: Jl. Kapas 9, Semaki, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55166 p-ISSN 2528-505X Satrianawati / International Journal of Active Learning 3 (1) (2018) 15 INTRODUCTION Phenomena life someone showed each characteristic. It also occurs in several children in school and home. The observation had been done at home and Mrisi Muhammadiyah Elementary school. The observation showed that many strange situations, actions, and feelings. The handsome boy plays in the front of the class. He looks like health but when the teacher invited him to talk, he is mute, without an answer. He stood aloof. Seeing his eyes likes flagging, never seen his friends when his friends ask or call him. Not only one day but also every day he showed strange attitude. He is happy alone through his day with the same toys and giving the same action to the toys. He is also retrogressive movement the toys, never calling, never asking his friends. If he has difficulty with his toys, he throws the toys and finds the other toys. Monotone action can be seen in his daily activities. Sometimes, he plays with his feet, hand, and thing repeatedly, and the same also spoken. It is very difficult to communication with the child like this. It is worried to know about what happened and what can someone do facing characteristic like this? It is the difficult answer. Because communication is something adhering in human. By communication, human build interaction. The good communication can make other people feeling respected, attention, and loved. But about the child like this don’t hope he can see you, smile to you, and touch your hand. Difficult autism children are not just matter of different child from normal and abnormal children but can be an identity point for dividing the whole habitual negative life, so preventing that habitual positive, with the questions: (1) how the difficult to communicate? (2) how to increase interaction with them? (3) how we can communication with them? (4) how decrease his feeling uncared for? (5) how we can change their habit be better than before? These are questions to prevent and to decrease habitual child in Mrisi Muhammadiyah Elementary school. This condition occurred in children with special needs, particularly autism. They have different communication. Seen by physic, we can not know them, we can see they differ if we identify their action and verbal attitude. Based on that, the autism is a serious disorder must attention by all people. The children autism has a unique characteristic. Autism is the most severe behaviour disorder of childhood (Willey, 1994). Despite its relative rarity, it has received considerable research attention because of the associated profound disruption in the child’s development. Historically, the autistic child’s family has been studied to examine the parents’ role in aetiology of the disorder. The clinical observation that parents, particularly mothers, of autistic children were cold and aloof fueled speculation that lack of maternal warmth disrupted the attachment process and led to the child’s primary dysfunction in relating to others. Thus, It's very difficult to find out that the child you love so much has a disability, and it’s very natural and understandable to hope against hope that the people who have diagnosed him are in error. Based on these situations, the fundamental issues in this article is what factors caused the child be autism? And how do we help them? To answer the problem the researcher took the case study in Mrisi Muhammadiyah Elementary school, Bantul. METHODS The method is qualitative using face to face approached. The face to face approach in an interview to establish information autism children factors by case study. Collected data by interview, participant observations, and documentation. The object is an autism student in Mrisi Muhammadiyah Elementary school. The interview has been done by the parents (mother), the teacher, and neighbour. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION These factors are often referred to as psychosocial aspects that are assessed to gain a measure of the quality of life. To determine the Special needs for autism children care it is essential to assess if behaviour restricts a person’s participation in his desired or chosen way of life. By interview, participant observation Satrianawati / International Journal of Active Learning 3 (1) (2018) 16 using face to face approach establish, such as: (1) The result collected data by observations, inviting the child to write, to talk, to read, and to draw. He showed that he is smart, he is different with his friends. He can write, read, count, and remember the subject matter. But he has difficult to interaction with his friends, monotone in a talk, his expression is melancholy, he also looks like depressed and talks only the subject his like; (2) Collected data by interview to his parents. She said that “my son is a smart child. He can count, read, and write. I am suspicious also, he is autism because he had been ever falling lying on the floor, stiff, and pass by when he plays computer. It occurred when he has four years old. Because in that situations, he stayed in the hospital for three days. He has been consuming medicine as well. I have the story about why he moved school, in the past he always had been bullied by his friends. One day, he went home to school, he was crying, and his teacher didn’t warn his friends to don’t disturb him. His teacher didn’t explicit to advise the students disturbing him. He was feeling pressure in his old school. He was also wanted off-day- school quickly. He said to his mum “Mum, Why off-day-school so long come?” “why”, his mum answered. He said I miss home, I lazy to go to school, I only want just in the home. His parents feeling that she was very poor seen his child in that situations; and (3) Collected data by interview to his teacher. He said that he is different with his friends. In grade one elementary school used to the child choose their friends, he does. I met them on Thursday and Friday and I give instruction to memorise Al Quran little by little one day one ayat, he could memorise with well. He could memorise for one day ten ayat, whereas his friends could not memorise like him. Figure 1. The Autism Boy Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability, typically appearing during childhood and affecting a person’s ability to communicate and interact with others (Autism Society , 2014). ASD is defined by a certain set of behaviours and is a spectrum condition” that affects individual differently and to varying degrees. There is no known single cause of autism, but increased awareness and early diagnosis/intervention and access to appropriate services support lead to significantly improved outcomes. Figure 2. Wroten by the autism boy Satrianawati / International Journal of Active Learning 3 (1) (2018) 17 Some of the behaviours associated with autism include delayed learning of language; difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation; difficulty executive functioning, which relates to reasoning and planning; narrow, intense interests; poor motor skills’ and sensory sensitivities. Again, a person on the spectrum might follow many of these behaviours or just a few and many others besides. The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is applied based on analysis of all. The autism disorder of children is a disease of socialisation aspect so that children are difficult to behave especially to communicate or interact together with other peoples in their environment. The mode of parental communication with the children is through the obedience training on and through eye contact, and by reward and punishment. Any other action such as embracing, erasing and etc (Boham, 2013). (Lynn Kern Koegel & Claire Lazebnik, 2004) have explained parents know when their child has a disability. In fact, most of all parents know it before their paediatrician. But paediatrician is trained to calm worried new parents. And the truth is that we parents want to hear that our children are fine. So if the pediatrician tells a parent of a child with autism something like, “Don’t worry he’s not talking because he’s got an older sister who talks for him,” or well-meaning relative says, “His dad didn’t talk until he was five,” the parent may seize on those excuses and cling to the hope that nothing is wrong. In the past, doctors didn’t always ask questions that focused on potential developmental disabilities, but these days, especially with the rise in autism, they were much more likely to do exactly that. Even after the child is diagnosed with autism, some parents will continue to hope that a mistake has been made and nothing is wrong at all. They will insist that their child is merely a late talker, and the diagnosis is way overboard. Others may try to make excuses for their child’s behaviour, such as saying, “All two-year-old's tantrum.” Others will bring their child to three or four experts, hoping to find a dissenting opinion before finally accepting the diagnosis and the necessity of taking action. The characteristics behaviours of autism spectrum disorder may be apparent in infancy (18 to 24 months), but they usually become clear during early childhood (24 months to 6 years). As part of a well- baby or well-child visit, your child’s doctor should perform a “developmental screening” asking specific questions about your baby progress. The national institute of child health and human development (NICHD) lists five behaviours that warrant further evaluation: a. Does not babble or coo by 12 months b. Does not gesture (point, wave, grasp) by 12 months c. Does not say single words by 16 months d. Does not say two-word phrases on his or her own by 24 months e. Has any loss of any language or social skill at any age Autism has a boy normal, their repetitive action, emotion, aggression, and speech. AW’s also delayed to speak, always happy alone, and inability to interact socially. The lead, AW’s parents didn’t know about autism. Because they had been feeling delayed to speak because AW has not sister yet. AW gave surprised to his mum by his hard work. He drew a nice picture. Thus, AW’s mother was feeling painful and difficult to tell about his son. That one consolation, she can give her children with full attention and love. It was done to improve AW’s competencies and to pay his fault in some years ago. Therefore, there can’t be one intervention plan for all children with autism. Because autism is just a name for a cluster of symptoms. In this case, the boy is a serious disability and also a bewildering his family. His parents were no known cause and no known cure so did the others. Based on the result, the boy’s parents found it difficult to accept the diagnosis of autism, even though (or perhaps because) it confirmed their worst fear. It took several sessions with the psychologist to explore her feelings and concerns about her son and his conditions. As she becomes more open and willing to discuss the situation, she agreed to participate in group sessions with school and to begin to make short and long-term plans for his son. Discussion in school, among the teacher, authorities, the parents, and other in school were initiated and continued until the autism boy was properly placed in a special class. At home, the parents were more accepting of the autism boy in terms of both his assets and limitations. Satrianawati / International Journal of Active Learning 3 (1) (2018) 18 They all worked hard increasing the autism boys social competence, and in giving his support and positive reinforcement for his accomplishment and for his gradual independent functioning in certain areas. he is small successes delighted his parents, who in turn Figure 3. Social, Psychological, and Emotional of Autism Children Factors. spontaneously showed their pleasure with appropriate rewards. Two months later, his shows and definite but slow signs of learning in school, along with better social skills in greeting people, in his eating behaviour, and in his special personal hygiene and appearance. He is a happy child at school and at home with parents and teachers, who are working together to provide his with understanding and he needs to make the most use of his resources. the teacher is in class that used the classroom activities must convince about safety media. Safety must always be a priority when the teacher selects, plans and implements children’s learning activities (Marotz, 2012). The potential for injury is present in nearly every activity, whether is planned for indoor or outdoor settings. To summarise the explained. it can draw in this picture: Autism Activity Delayed to speek, Happy alone, inability to interact socially Participation Indistinguishable from their peers Body Functions and Structure Normal, repetitive motions, aggresion, Social Factors Physical Factors Emotional Factors  Social attitudes  Legal and social structure  Parents profession  Parenting or  Lack of nutrition  Gender  Age  Parents profession  Habitual parents  Heredity  Cultural  Character  Climate  Terrain Satrianawati / International Journal of Active Learning 3 (1) (2018) 19 The research established, there are three factors caused autism more attentionally. It is emotional, physiological, and social factors. 1. By emotional factors. Emotion is normal feelings. The people feeling emotions can touch her or his brain that never used. The emotional someone was influenced by heredity, cultural, character, climate, and terrain. Heredity comes from parents. It is inheritance from parents. (Rita Wicks- Nelson & Allen C. Israel, 1984) another widely recognised pattern of inheritance is sex linkage that influenced by genes on the sex chromosomes. Sons receive their Notes: N = Normal gene (dominant) n = defective gene (recessive) only X chromosome from their mothers. Those who receive the recessive defective gene will develop the disorder since the Y chromosome transmitted from the father carries no gene at all to offset the defective recessive gene from her mother, it would be offset by the dominant normal gene from her father. He would have no affliction himself but could autism to her son. This pattern, which always affects the male more adversely than the female, is now widely recognised in human inheritance. To summarise, it can be drawn in: Mother NN Normal nn Autism nN Carrier Nn Carrier N n Father N n Figure 4. Inheritance of autism when both parents carry the defective gene. Because autism is transmitted by a single recessive gene, it is displayed only when the gene is inherited from both parents, in about 25% of all offspring. Satrianawati / International Journal of Active Learning 3 (1) (2018) 20 The figure was showed two item about mother and father. It will be connected both heredity and autism will have implication for children. The other factors are culture, character, climate, and terrain. It is the factor to influence the emotional autism. Like cultural is culture heritage from ancestor and it influences each other. Cultural heritage character to the human which is life in that is areas. Of course, a climate in that areas is also influenced by terrain. The terrain creates culture and character. In terrain, the culture is developed by a human with each character. So increasing that character to be better and preventing autism must change a culture in terrain and effort through the life with well. Always remember gracefully from the God. It is impossible to far away from religiosity. Because the religion arranges human life to be better. Until the human makes culture in their life. To see that relation among of all emotional factors, it can be drawn in the figure: Figure 5. The Relational point in Emotional Factors (cultural, character, climate, and terrain) 2. By Physical factors. Physic is one of the three items to see that the children have special needs. Physic is influenced by the lack of nutrition, gender, age, parents profession, and habitual parents. Physic need nutrition to have quality growing. Gender os also influenced physic face. Basically the body of a girl more fast than the body of a boy. So, the girl faster to puberty than the boy. But the Increased rate of growing autism many occur to the boy than the girl. Sometimes we can see the autism children have not understood intonation when they speak and no understand to know their friends. The poor of nutrition/lack of nutrition is caused by poor parenting. The research showed that a series individuals in practice of child psychiatry that had social aloofness and a desire for “preservation of sameness” (Mark L. Batshaw, Nancy J. Roize, & Gaetano R. Lotrecchiano, 2013). Although they believed was on organic condition, throughout the 1950s most psychiatrists considered autism to be caused by poor parenting. It means the parents have been responsible for giving their child enough food for their growth. Growth with work, so they need an ability to through their life. Because for work performed the body need energy. It was grown by the body are (1) locomotion and movement, (2) building new tissues, (3) maintaining body temperature, and (4) digesting, absorbing, and metabolising food. In terms of survival, the need for energy is second only to the need for oxygen and water (Marotz, 2012). Age influenced as well physic of autism children. The physic can be in mutual accord of the age, even so, the change was not realised and the parent was not aware of the children condition. And the last parents' profession and habitual of the parents can not separate with a physic factor of their children. The parents' Profession is viral attention because the parents' profession still influenced present autism children in the family. The parents are always busy with their profession, forget the children, and they did know not what the urgent need of children. The parents must try to be used to with their children if they can not to take a time for their children, the children being lazy to speak and finally be autism. Thus, lack of nutrition, gender, age, parents profession, and habitual parents very influenced for autism children life. It can be drawn in the figure 6. Character Climate Cultural Terrain Satrianawati / International Journal of Active Learning 3 (1) (2018) 21 3. By Social Factors. Social factors consist of social attitudes, legal and social structure, and parents profession. It connected to habit society in which is their life. The place giving habit to human to build tradition and it is a manner to build social attitudes. Legal and social structure influenced how parents are confident facing society with the kind tribes and habit. The parents who have a job in society have more confident than the others without a job. The parent working in the office have authority to arrange the others in which is their life. The parents without job prone to silent, no kidding because they are shy. It influenced children character. It influenced their child to be autism. The child be silent, seeing something like wasting time. Because, the child so long look at the picture, pen, book, etc. Thus, it makes they be careless, no attention to change be better, prefer alone to friends. If, we show the child they always sad like depressed. Sometimes, the parents' profession makes the child have a bad experience. They feel bullying from their friends about what their parents' profession did. CONCLUSION To know the child autism, it must be diagnostic because we can see autism children is the same with other children. We can see the autism child (1) body functions and structure in autism child are normal, repetitive motions, and aggression, (2) activity: Delayed to speak, Happy alone, inability to interact socially; and (3) participation: indistinguishable from their peers. There are three factors which influenced the children to be autist such as; social, phisical, and emotional factors. The emotional autism child was influenced by heredity, cultural, character, climate, and terrain; physic is influenced by a lack of nutrition, gender, age, parents profession, and habitual parents; and social factors consist of social attitudes, legal and social structure, and parents profession. Based on that conclusion, the suggestion for reader by Lynn Kern Koegel is “deny the autism if you must, but don’t deny what your child is doing, and most of all don’t deny him the help he needs to overcome any symptomps he is expressing”. REFERENCE Autism Society. (2014). Autism Society . What is Autism http://www.autism-society.org. Boham, S. E. (2013). Models of Parental Communication towards The Behavior of Autism Children. Journal Volume II. No. 4. , 1-18. Lynn Kern Koegel & Claire Lazebnik. (2004). Overcoming Autism. Hudson Sreet, New York: Penguin Group. 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