1(1)9-13 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!CONTACT&:&AYUB&WIRABUANA&&&&&&&awiputra22@gmail.com! ©!International!Journal!of!Applied!Biology! 9! Abstract& Algae!Spyrogyra(hyalina!is!one!species!of!fresh!water!algae!that!is!very!easy!to! find!in!Indonesia.!This!species!of!algae!known!to!have!a!lot!of!potential,!which! until!now!unknown.!One!potential!that!tried!to!explore!in!this!research!is!the! ability!of!these!algae!for!decreasing! the! level!of!salt!water!salinity! into!fresh! water.! This! research! is! an! experiment! with! a! completely! randomized! design! (CRD),!three!treatments!and!three!replications.!Testing!is!done!by!performing! algae!arbsorbtion!using!three!forms!(powder,!granule,!and!paper)!with!different! biomass!(1!g,!2!g,!and!4gr).!Preparations!then!coupled!into!a!transparent!pipe.! The! results! showed! the! real! effect! of! the! decreased! levels! of! salinity! brine! through!the!circuit.!Filter!with!the!powder!forms!with!4gr!biomass!has!the!highest! salinity!level!reduction!of!15%o,!!then!the!dosage!form!of!granules!with!biomass! 4gr!with!decreased!5.23%o!and!the!third!dosage!form!of!paper!with!1!gram!of! biomass!with!a!decrease!of!4.23%o.Forms!with!other!biomass!have!a!decrease!in! the!salinity!level!of!not!more!than!4%o.!Preparations!with!powder!form!and!4gr! biomass!can!be!used!to!reduce!the!salinity!level!in!the!salt!water.& ISSN!:!2580V2410! eISSN!:!2580V2119! ! ! Biofiltration&Efficiency&of&Algae&Spirogyra)hyalina&to&Reduce& Salinity&of&Sea&Water&& ! Apriliya&Maipa1&,&Siti&Mushlihah2,&Ayu&Wulandari1&,&Nur&Qalbi1&,&Ayub&Wirabuana1&and&Ulfah& Ervita3& ! 1!Department!of!Biology,!Faculty!of!Mathematics!and!Natural!Sciences,!Hasanuddin! University,!Makassar,!Indonesia! 2!Department!of!Environmental!Engineering,!Institut!Teknologi!Sepuluh!Nopember,! Surabaya,!Indonesia! 3!Department!of!Public!Health,!Faculty!of!Public!Health,!Hasanuddin!University,!Makassar,! Indonesia! ! & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Introduction& Waters!are!the!basic!need!of!human!being.!In!fact,!not!all!countries!have!many!water! resources!that!can!be!consumed.!Coastal!areas!and!small!islands!in!the!middle!of!the!seas! only!have!a!few!fresh!water!resources.!Thus,!this!condition!can!cause!the!problem!of!water! supply.!But!if!we!try!to!see!from!different!point!of!view,!these!area!have!many!sources!of! water!that!come!from!the!sea,!although!it!can!not!be!directly!consumed!because!the!excessive! in!salinity!(Asmara!&!Hasanuddin,!2012).!The!various!ways!of!increasing!the!quality!of!water! have! been! applied,! such! as! –! ion! exchange,! absorption,! membrane! technology,! reverse! osmosis,! electrochemistry! process,! and! ! solvent! extraction.! Those! methods! can! separate! metal!in!excessive!numbers!relatively,!but!they!are!judged!not!yet!effective!and!uneconomical! because!need!the!high!cost!(Mawardi!et(al.,!2014).! &&&&&&&&OPEN&ACCESS& & & &&&&&&&&&&International&Journal&of&Applied&Biology& Keyword! Biosorpsion,( Salinity,( Sea(Water,( Spirogyra(hyalina.! Nicotine,! Algae.! ! Article&History! Received!23!May!2017! Accepted!10!July!2017!! ! International Journal of Applied Biology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ! International Journal of Applied Biology, p-ISSN : 2580-2410 e-ISSN : 2580-2119. Journal homepage : http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/ijoab International(Journal(of(Applied(Biology,(1(1),(2017( ! 10! Based!on!this!problem,!one!of!the!appropriate!method!for!processing!the!salt!water!that! source!from!the!sea!into!fresh!water!is!can!be!conducted!by!using!local!plant!biodiversity!that! widely!available!in!Indonesia.!One!of!the!biodiversity!in!Indonesia!is!algae!Spirogyra(which! can!be!easily!found!in!this!country!and!also!easily!to!be!found!in!fresh!waters!area!on!the! excessive!numbers((Oktaviani,!2014).! Algae!Spirogyra(has!a!shape!of!irregular!surface!texture!and!consists!of!amino(acid,( amide,!carboxylic,!hydroxyl!and!carbonyl(group!that!are!capable!for!binding!a!wide!range!of! heavy! metals! (Singh! et( al.,! 2012),! such! as! the! use! of! green! algae! Spirogyra! biomass! as! biosorbent!of!heavy!metals!(like!as!V!kation(Cu2+,!Zn2+,!Pb2+!and!Cr6+!in!solution!(Gupta!&! Rastogi,!2008;!Mawardi,!2011;!Lee!&!Chang,!2011;!Mawardi!et(al.,!2014).!Kumar!&!Oommen! (2012),!found!out!that!dried!Spirogyra(biomass!have!many!potentials!as!biosorbent!to!absorb! cadmium!(Cd),!mercury!(Hg),!lead!(Pb),!arsenic!(As)!and!cobalt!(Co)!from!liquid!solution!which! are! emphasized! on! the! difference! of! heavy! metals! concentrations! and! contact! time! of! biomass.!Furthermore,!algae!Spirogyra(can!reduce!organic!waste!of!Anguilla(sp!cultivation! (Apriadi!et(al.,!2014)!and!also!textile!dye!(Khalaf,!2008).!Research!on!the!utilization!of!algae! Spirogyra(hyalina!as!an!agent!in!the!salt!water!filtration!into!fresh!water!has!a!potential.!This! study!aims!to!determanie!the!potential!of!Spyrogyra(hyalina(in!different!form!and!different! biomass!for!decreasing!the!salinity!level!of!water!(salt!water!into!fresh!water).!! & Materials&and&Methods& Algae&Culturing& Algae! Spirogyra( hyalina! took! from! the! Hasanuddin! University! lake! (05°13'81,58'S'! ;119o48'81,17'E).! Algae! Spirogyra( hyalina! that! obtained! then! identified! by! manual! identification!of!Zarina!et(al.!(2007),!to!make!sure!of!the!species.!Algae!Spirogyra(hyalina! cultured!in!a!medium!using!a!glass!aquarium!with!artificial!lighting!using!3,000!Lux!flouresence! light!(Duration!of!lighting!12!hours!of!light!and!12!hours!of!dark).!For!algae!culturing!that!used! growth!medium!(KNO3!40!mg/L,!P2O5!30!mg/L,!K2O!30!mg/L,!MgSO4!2!mg/L,.!Ca(NO3).4H2O!2! mg/L!and!micronutrient).(Algae!were!cultured!for!15!days!with!the!addition!of!growth!medium! every!5!days!(fedDbatch(culture).! ! Pretreatment& Algae&Powder& Alga!Spirogyra(hyalina!which!have!been!harvested!then!dried!using!an!oven!at!80°C! for!24!hours.!Algae!Spirogyra(hyalina!then!crushed!using!a!hand!mixer!into!powder!form!of! Spirogyra(hyalina!with!particle!sizes!up!to!40!mesh.! ! Algae&Granules& 50!grams!of!Spirogyra(hyalina!powder!are!poured!with!100!mL!water!and!mixed!by! using!hand!mixer!for!10!minutes.!After!that,!algae!were!filtered!by!using!silkVscreening.!Algae! which!have!been!filtered!then!poured!into!spons!which!have!been!layered!by!fabric.!Algae! which!have!been!on!the!fabric!were!covered!by!wet!fabric!and!pressed!by!using!the!board.! After!getting!dried,!those!algae!were!formed!into!granules.!! ! Algae&Paper& 50!grams!of!Spirogyra(hyalina!powder!are!poured!with!100!mL!water!and!mixed!by! using!hand!mixer!for!10!minutes.!After!that,!algae!were!filtered!by!using!silkVscreening.!Algae! which!have!been!filtered!then!poured!into!spons!which!have!been!layered!by!fabric.!Algae! International(Journal(of(Applied(Biology,(1(1),(2017( ! 11! which!on!the!fabric!were!covered!by!wet!fabric!and!pressed!by!using!the!board!until!getting! dried,!thus!algae!in!form!of!paper!was!gotten.!Algae!which!have!been!in!form!of!paper!were! used!as!biosorbent.! ! Data&Collection! Data!collection!of!this!research!was!conducted!by!doing!direct!observation!to!algae! Spirogyra(hyaline(which!are!given!the!specific!treatment.!These!observations!were!made!by! measuring!the!salinity!of!sea!water!before!and!after!poured!into!the!pipe!which!has!been! modified!in!such!a!way.! & Analysis&of&Data! Data!processing!!in!this!research!were!obtained!using!Analysis!of!Variance!(ANOVA).! Methods!of!Analysis!of!Variance!(ANOVA)!was!used!to!determine!the!effect!of!different!forms! of! algae! Spirogyra( hyalina( in! absorbing! salt! water! into! fresh! water! and! comparing! the! effectiveness!of!algae!Spirogyra(hyalina(based!on!the!quantity!of!absorbent!! & Results&and&Discussion&& The!use!of!algae!Spirogyra(hyalina(as!biosorbent!for!salt!water!filtration!into!fresh! water! has! considerable! potential.! From! the! results! obtained,! the! salt! water! which! early! salinity! is! 25! ‰,! decreased! after! tested! using! algae! Spirogyra( hyalina! biorsorbent.( Algae! powder!with!4!g!biomass!show!significant!gains!compared!to!stocks!and!other!biomass.!The! analysis!also!showed!that!most!algae!biomass!which!are!4!grams!have!a!real!effect!in!reducing! the!salinity!brines.!This!shows!that!algae!biomass!as!effective!biosorbent!in!decreasing!the! salinity!of!salt!water!if!in!doing!further!testing!allows!to!obtain!fresh!water.!The!results!of! ANOVA!shows!that!there!is!an!influence!(H1!Accepted),!thus!the!test!continued!to!Duncan! test.! From!the!results!of!ANOVA!test!which!is!continued!with!duncan!test!with!95%!believed! range,!it!was!known!that!from!three!kinds!of!treatment!which!are!given!to!the!algae!extract! did!not!give!any!real!differences!because!all!of!this!treatment!being!in!the!same!subset.! & && & & & & Figure&1.&Average&of&Salinity&in&Different&Form&& (A.&Powder,&B.&Paper&and&C.&Granule)& & & 0 10 20 30 1!g 2!g 4!g early final 1!g 2!g 4!g1!g 2!g 4!g Algae!Biomass early final 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1!g 2!g 4!g Sa lin it y A& B& C& International(Journal(of(Applied(Biology,(1(1),(2017( ! 12! Discussion& This! research! was! conducted! by! using! three! masses! variation! and! three! forms! variation.!Mass!variation!is!given!in!a!dose!of!1!gram,!2!grams!and!4!grams,!while!algae!forms! that!were!given!are!powder,!!paper!and!granules!and!repeated!3!times!using!salt!water!that! has!a!beginning!salinity!25!‰!.!Based!on!the!data!obtained!from!this!treatment!as!in!the!table! above,!the!results!of!ANOVA!analysis!showed!algae!biomass!has!significant!results!or!real! influence!on!the!decrease!of!salinity!(F!<0.05),!whereas!no!significant!algae!form!(F>!0.05).! Duncan!test!showed!the!effect!of!form!and!the!number!of!algal!biomass!Spirogyra( hyalina( to! the! salinity.! The! algae! powder! average! of! final! salinity! is! 20ppm,! algae! paper! average!salinity!is!21ppm!and!algae!granules!average!is!21.44ppm.!It!showed!that!there!is!no! significant!difference!in!the!differences!of!algae!form!to!salinity!decrased!level.!While!in!the! biomass,!algae!with!biomass!1!g,!2!g,!and!4!g!obtained!22.78,!22.78,!and!16.89!average!of!final! salinity.!Duncan!analysis!showed!that!the!real!effect!from!4!grams!biomas!of!algae!in!the! powder!forms!is!the!best!form!for!reducing!salinity.! From!the!results!that!showed!in!figure!1,!the!algae!mass!that!used!in!every!form!had! an!influence!to!decrease!salt!water!salinity!level.!That!mean!higher!biomass!that!used!to! decreasing!salinity! level!will!be!very!effected,!and!that!mean!the!effectiveness!of!salinity! biosorption!can!be!increased.!Every!form!that!used!in!this!research,!show!us!the!difference!of! effectiveness!in!decreasing!salinity!level.!The!powder!form!is!the!most!effecive!form!that!can! be!used!as!biosorben.!Both!of!this!result!supported!by!Oscik!&!Cooper!(1992),!that!explain! the!active!sites!number!is!as!large!as!biosorbent!area!and!every!active!sites!can!only!adsorb! one!adsorbat!molecule.!In!condition!where!the!adsorbtion!area!was!saturated!the!biosorbent! can!not!maximalized!number!of!compound!that!adsorb.!!! ! Study!about!Algae!Spirogyra( in!biosorption.!Algae!Spirogyra!can!be!used! in!water! treatment!(Gupta!et(al.,!2006;!Sulfahri!&(Manuhara.,!2013),!waste!water!treatment!(Rajfur!et( al.,!2012;!Sulfahri!et(al.,!2016),!for!water!monitoring!(Koanga!et(al.,!2008;!Sulfahri!et(al.,!2017),! and!can!be!used!for!heavy!metal!waste!that!very!commercil!to!published!(Singh!et(al.,!2012;! Sulfahri!et(al.,!2017).!All!of!this!study!show!us!that!Algae!Spirogyra!can!be!used!as!water! treatment.!Every!study!said!that!this!kind!of!algae!can!adsorb!any!compound!that!dissolved! in!water,!such!as!Pb!and!Cu.!We!know!that!salt!water!contain!Salt!which!made!from!chemical! reaction!of!Na+!and!ClV.!The!result!of!this!research!show!us!this!algae!can!reduce!the!salinity! level!of!salt!water!which!can!be!meant!this!algae!can!adsorb!Na!and!Cl!that!dissolved!in!salt! water.!In!the!future,!this!kind!of!algae!can!be!used!to!reduce!salinity!level!of!salt!water.!This! mean!it!can!be!a!solution!for!lack!of!fresh!water!in!certain!area,!especially!in!the!island!that! fresh!water!source!can!not!easily!to!be!found.! !!!!!! Conclusions& The!effectiveness!of!algae!Spirogyra(hyalina!as!biosorbent!with!some!variations!in! preparations!to!decrease!the!salinity!level!of!seawater!can!be!seen!from!the!results!of!sea! water!salinity!level!changes!before!and!after!treatment.!! & Acknowledgment&& The!authors!gratefully!acknowledge!financial!support!from!the!Ministry!of!Research,! Technology! and! Higher! Education! of! Indonesia! with! project! PKM! (Program! Kreativitas! Mahasiswa)!contract!number!547/B3.1/KM/2017.! & International(Journal(of(Applied(Biology,(1(1),(2017( ! 13! To&cite&this&article:&& Maipa,!A.,!Mushlihah,!S.,!Wulandari,!A.,!Qolby,!N.,!Wirabuana,!A.!&!Ervita,!U.!2017.!Biofiltration! Efficiency!of!Algae!Spirogyra(hyalina!to!Reduce!Salinity!of!Sea!Water.!International(Journal(of(Applied( Biology.!1(1):9V13.& & References& Apriadi,!T.,!Niken,!TM.,!P.!&!Sigid,!H.!2014.!Phytoremediation!of!wastewater!of!Anguilla!sp.! Cultivation!by!Using!Filamentous!Algae!(Spirogyra!sp.).(Depik,!3(1):46V55.! 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