1(1)1-8 CONTACT&:&Syamsul&Bahri&&&&&&&sambar2250@gmail.com0 ©0International0Journal0of0Applied0Biology0 10 Abstract& Algae0 Spirogyra) peipingensis0 is0 a0 group0 of0 green0 algae0 from0 the0 order0 Zygnematales.0Spirogyra0algae0serves0as0a0bioremediation0agent.0In0addition0 Spirogyra0 algae0 has0 great0 potential0 in0 reducing0 toxin0 levels0 in0 cigarette0 smoke.0 Because0 the0 biomass0 of0 alga0 Spirogyra0 has0 an0 irregular0 shaped0 surface0texture0and0consists0of0amino0acid,0amide,0carboxylic,0hydroxyl,0and0 carbonyl0 group0 that0 can0 bind0 various0 heavy0 metals0 and0 other0 harmful0 compounds.0Alga0Spirogyra)peipingensis0samples0used0are0algae0from0Bone,0 South0Sulawesi.0Prior0to0the0trial,0the0first0pretreatment0and0processed0to0 become0powder.0Algae0powder0was0 then0applied0to0cigarette0filters0and0 tested0on0several0respondents.0Results0showed0that0there0was0a0significant0 decrease00tar,0nicotine0and0carbon0monoxide0levels0in0cigarette0smoke0by0 using0 Spirogyra) peipingensis0 algae0 but0 the0 most0 significant0 decrease0 of0 carbon0monoxide,0while0tar0and0nicotine0decreased0even0though0not0as0high0 as0carbon0monoxide.00 & ISSN0:02580K24100 eISSN0:02580K21190 0 0 0 Application&of&Cigeratte&Filter&from&Algae&Spirogyra)peipingensis& to&Reduce&Nicotine,&Tar,&and&Carbon&Monoxide& 0 Syamsul&Bahri1,&Kamsinar1,&Sarioja1,&Edi&Tompo2,&and&Nurul&Fahmiah1& 0 10Department0of0Biology,0Faculty0of0Mathematics0and0Natural0Sciences,0Hasanuddin0 University,0Makassar,0Indonesia0 20Department0of0Animal0Sciences,0Faculty0of0Animal0Sciences,0Hasanuddin0University,0 Makassar,0Indonesia0 0 0 & & & & & & & & & & & & & Introduction& Smoking0has0been0known0to0cause0health0problems0(Ching,02017;0Chen,02010).0This0 health0disorder0can0be0caused0by0nicotine0derived0from0mainstream0smoke0and0secondhand0 smoke0 from0 smokers0 smoked0 cigarettes0 (Chen,0 2017).0 Thus0 the0 sufferer0 is0 not0 only0 the0 smokers0themselves0(active0smokers)0but0also0people0who0are0in0the0environment0of0tobacco0 smoke0(Environmental0Tobacco0Smoke)0or0called0passive0smokers0(Zenzhes,02009;0Castilla,0 2005).0 Health0 disorders0 can0 include0 chronic0 bronchitis,0 emphysema,0 lung0 cancer,0 larvae,0 mouth,0pharynx,0esophagus,0bladder,0artery0narrowing0and0others0(Abedi,02017;0Bae,02015).0 However,0there0are0still0many0men0and0women0who0have0not0or0can0not0leave0this0habit.0 Various0 efforts0 have0 been0 made0 by0 those0 concerned0 about0 environmental0 health0 from0 cigarette0 smoke,0 such0 as0 smoking0 bans0 in0 public0 places,0 special0 installations,0 and0 others0 (Huang,02016).0Even0government0warnings0on0tobacco0packaging0stating0that0smoking0can0 harm0health0do0not0get0a0good0response0from0the0community0(Huang,02016;0Tang,02016).0 &&&&&&&&OPEN&ACCESS& & & &&&&&&&&&&International&Journal&of&Applied&Biology& Keyword0 Cigarette)filters,) Spirogyra)peipingensis,0 Nicotine,0 Algae.0 0 Article&History0 Received080May020170 Accepted030July0201700 0 International Journal of Applied Biology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 0 International Journal of Applied Biology, p-ISSN : 2580-2410 e-ISSN : 2580-2119. Journal homepage : http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/ijoab International)Journal)of)Applied)Biology,)1(1),)2017) 0 20 According0 to0 the0 World0 Health0 Organization0 (WHO),0 the0 environment0 of0 cigarette0 smoke0 is0 the0 cause0 of0 various0 diseases,0 and0 can0 also0 affect0 healthy0 people0 who0 are0 not0 smokers.0Continuous0exposure0to0secondhand0smoke0in0healthy0adults0can0increase0the0risk0 of0lung0disease0and0heart0disease0by020K300percent0(Abedi,02017;0Atar,02017;0Bae,02015).0The0 environment0of0cigarette0smoke0can0worsen0the0condition0of0a0person0with0asthma,0causing0 bronchitis,0and0pneumonia0(Su,02016;0Stirk,02015).0Cigarette0smoke0also0causes0eye0irritation0 and0nasal0passages0for0people0around0them0(Wegrezensky,02017;0Wang,02016).0Cigarettes0 contain0about04,0000types0of0chemicals,0of0which0400are0carcinogenic,0and0at0least02000of0them0 are0hazardous0to0health.0The0main0toxins0in0cigarette0are0tar,0nicotine0and0carbon0monoxide0 (Wang,02016;0Simsek,02016).0In0addition,0in0a0cigarette0also0contains0other0chemicals0that0are0 not0less0toxic0that0affect0the0health0of0the0body0(Damron,02017).0 Risks0that0can0be0caused0by0smoking0can0actually0be0reduced0if0known0toxins0levels0in0 cigarette0smoke0such0as0nicotine,0tar,0and0carbon0monoxide.0When0these0levels0are0listed0then0 the0candidate0smokers0can0choose0cigarettes0with0the0content0of0toxins0as0small0as0possible0 or0the0least0content0of0the0types0of0cigarette.0To0overcome0this0problem,0it0is0necessary0to0 make0 a0 new0 innovation0 of0 cigarette0 filter0 made0 from0 algae0 Spirogyra) peipingensis0 that0 effectively0reduces0toxins0levels0in0cigarette0smoke0such0as0reducing0the0content0are0nicotine,0 tar,0and0carbon0monoxide0produced0by0cigarette0smoke.00 & Materials&and&Methods& Pretreatment& The0biomass0of0Spirogyra)peipingensis0was0dried0using0oven0at080°C0for0480hours.0The0 biomass0of)Spirogyra)peipingensis0blended0until0crushed0and0sieved0with0a0mesh0size0of0400 mesh.0Spirogyra0algae0biomass0that0passes0400mesh0sieve0is0weighed0as0much0as01000grams0 (Sulfahri0et)al.,02017;0Zhang0&0Feng,02010).0Spirogyra0algae0is0then0used0as0raw0material0of0 cigarette0filter0in0accordance0with0the0research0design.0 0 Cigarette&Filter&Creation& Cigarette0filters0of00.70in0diameter0and050cm0in0length0are0printed0using0a03D0printer0 with0a0design0such0as0 in0Figure01.0Spirogyra0powderKshaped0algae0is0then0inserted0into0a0 cigarette0filter0with0an0algae0thickness0of020cm.0The0algae0powder0that0has0been0inside0the0 tube0is0then0pressed0with0an0iron0ballast0to0condense0Spirogyra0algae0powder.0At0each0end0of0 the0cigarette0filter0is0covered0with0a0wool0cloth0with0a0diameter0of0wool0cloth0on0each0end0 with0a0length0of030mm.0 0 Cigarette&Filter&App& Various0types0of0cigarettes0were0applied0to0this0cigarette0filter0to0see0the0effect0of0the0 application0 using0 the0 Spirogyra) peipigensis0 algae0 filter.0 The0 main0 toxin0 levels0 found0 in0 cigarettes0are0nicotine,0tar0and0carbon0monoxide0which0will0be0filtered0by0using0Spirogyra) peipingensis0 algae0 filter0 on0 20 cm0 thickness0 and0 cigarette0 without0 using0 algae0 filter0 then0 measured0nicotine,0tar0and0carbon0monoxide0levels.0 & Nicotine&and&Tar&Levels&Analysis& Measurement0of0nicotine0and0tar0content0on0clove0and0filter0cigarettes0refers0to0the0 Decree0 of0 the0 Indonesian0 Minister0 of0 Industry0 and0 Trade0 No.0 62/MPP/Kep/2/20040 dated0 February017,020040on0How0to0Test0Nicotine0and0Tar0Content0Levels0for0Kretek0and0Filters.0 Making0a0solution0extract,0weigh010g0Chinaldine0add0100ml0of0ethanol0and0then0apply0it0with0 International)Journal)of)Applied)Biology,)1(1),)2017) 0 30 2Kpropanol0in020liter0flask.0Making0a0mother0liquor0weighs00.50gr0of0nicotine,02.50gr0of0eugenol0 and0 10 g0 of0 water0 then0 appropriately0 with0 the0 extracting0 solution0 in0 a0 500 ml0 flask.0 Make0 standard0solution0for0calibration0curve0pipette0of0mother0liquor0as0much0as010ml,020ml,030ml,040 ml,050ml0and0insert0in0measuring0flask0100mh0Then0apply0until0mark0line0with0extract0solution.0 Inject02ml0of0the0solution0in0GC0to0obtain0the0calibration0curve.0Extraction0filter0pad0from0 smoking0machine0in0500ml0extract0solution,0shake0with0shaker0for0300minutes0with0speed02700 rpm.0Enter0the0extract0in0the0vial,0close0the0meeting.0Insert020ml0of0the0solution,0then0test0in0 Choromotoghrafi0(GC)0Gas0to0obtain0nicotine0and0tar0levels0(ISO03402K19990&0ISO010362K1K 1999).0 & Analysis&of&Carbon&Monoxide&(CO)& To0measure0the0concentration0of0CO0in0the0air0is0used0Drager0Multigas0Detector0tool0 and0the0results0can0be0read0on0a0scale0of0reading0between01000K030000ppm0for0100times0the0 pressure,0and0between01000K030000ppm0for010time0pressure.0The0tool0is0a0tube0with0a0length0 of0approximately0100cm,0on0the0left0on0the0wall0there0are0scales0of0100,0500,01000,02000,0and0 30000which0states0the0concentration0of0CO0in0ppm,0while0on0the0right0on0the0wall0there0is0a0 scale0from0100to0300.0Top0is0broken0and0connected0with0a0pressure0pump,0if0this0tool0will0be0 used0 to0 measure0 CO0 concentration.0 By0 pressing0 the0 pump0 once0 can0 be0 measured0 air0 concentration0between01000to03000ppm,0while0to0measure0the0concentration0of0100to03000 ppm,0the0pump0is0pressed0100times.0 & Tool&Saturation&Test& The0cigarette0smoke0filter0will0be0tested0from000to0100cigarettes0and0so0on,0then020,0 30,040,0and0500cigarettes,0the0cigarette0filter0will0be0measured0every0100cigarette0intervals0 with0the0measurement0of0nicotine,0tar,0And0Carbon0Monoxide0(CO).0If0the0levels0are0Nicotine,0 Tar,0and0Carbon0Monoxide0(CO)0content0less0than060%0and0then0the0tool0filter0used0is0already0 saturated0threshold.0If0the0cigarette0filter0tool0 is0saturated0then0cigarette0filter0should0be0 replaced0new.0 & Results&and&discussion&& Algae&Preparation) Algae0taken0are0Spirogyra)peipingensis0species0in0the0rice0fields0by0using0a0sieve0then0 collected0in0the0bag0and0then0washed0thoroughly.0Subsequently0algae0were0identified0using0a0 microscope0and0algae0identification0book.0Set0it0algae0dried0in0the0sun0to0dry0and0blend0until0 smooth.0Algae0that0have0been0blended0using0400mesh0sieve0to0produce0algae0flour0which0will0 using0as0raw0material0in0making0filter0cigarettes.0 ) Cigarette&Filter&Creation& Collecting0waste0wood0from0craftsman0remain0and0other0woods0and0then0cut0into0 pieces0with0a0length0of0100K1320mm,0after0that0drill0the0middle0of0the0wood0with0a0diameter0 7,60K8,000mm0as0a0place0to0discharge0smoke0then0smoothing0the0surface0of0the0wood0with0 sandpaper0and0shaped0like0a0picture0that0has0been0designed.0Spirogyra0already0in0powder0 pretreatment0then0put0on0cigarette0filter0with0thickness0of0alga0that0is020cm0by0using0horn0 spoon.0The0algae0powder0that0has0been0inside0the0tube0is0then0inserted0and0compacted.0At0 each0end0of0the0cigarettes0filter0is0covered0with0a0wool0cloth0with0a0diameter0of0wool0cloth0on0 each0end0with0a0length0of030mm.0 0 International)Journal)of)Applied)Biology,)1(1),)2017) 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 & & & & & & & Figure&1.&Cigerette&Filter&Desain& 0 Product&Trial&Results& Cigarette0filter0products0that0have0been0made0then0tested0it’s0ability0in0reducing0toxin0 levels0 in0 cigarette0 smoke.0 The0 results0 show0 that,0 there0 is0 a0 significant0 decrease0 between0 cigarette0smoke0before0it0is0filtered0and0after0filter0(Figure03).0Each0content0of0Nicotine030.80 ppm,0Tar020.50ppm,0and0carbon0monoxide017.60ppm.0While0the0content0of0cigarette0smoke0 that0has0been0filter0respectively0that0is011.90ppm0nicotine,010.60ppm0tar,0and0carbon0monoxide0 2.40ppm.0This0is0due0to0the0content0contained0in0algae0that0can0absorb0various0compounds0 produced0by0cigarette0smoke.0 This0is0in0accordance0with0opinion0(Sulfahri0et)al.,02017)0which0states0that0the0biomass0 of0alga0Spirogyra0has0an0irregularKshaped0surface0texture0consisting0of0amino0acid,0amide,0 carboxylic,0hydroxyl,0and0carbonyl0group0capable0of0binding0various0heavy0metals.0It0is0also0in0 line0with0opinion0(Ozer0et)al.,02006)0that0Spirogyra0algae0can0reduce0blue0textile0dyes0(Acid0 Blue02900and0Acid0Blue0324).0The0process0of0remediation0of0Acid0Blue02900and0Acid0Blue03240 textile0dyes0is0done0by0using0the0dead0Spirogyra0algae.0The0adsorption0process0using0Spirogyra0 algae0has0the0same0way0of0working0with0activated0carbon0in0absorbing0various0compounds0in0 a0 solution.0 Dry0 Spirogyra0 algae0 can0 be0 utilized0 for0 water0 treatment0 (Gupta0 et) al.,0 2006).0 International)Journal)of)Applied)Biology,)1(1),)2017) 0 50 Wastewater0 treatment,0 for0 surface0 water0 biomonitoring0 and0 as0 heavy0 commercial0 heavy0 metal0waste0adsorbents0for0application.0Spirogyra0algae0can0adsorb0Cu0and0Pb0in0low0or0high0 concentrations.0Capacity0of0heavy0metal0absorption0by0Alga0Spirogyra0are:0Cr014.70mg0/0g0d.m.0 (Gupta0et0al.,02001),0Pb01400mg0/0g0d.m.0(Gupta0et)al.,02008),0Cu0133.30mg0/0g0d.m.0Heavy0metal0 ions0which0are0absorbed0by0the0dried0algae0of0Spirogyra0algae0are0Mn20+,0Cu20+,0Zn20+,0and0 Cd20+,0using0the0adsorbent0capable0of0absorbing090K95%0metal0ions0(Gupta0et)al.,02006).0 0 Figure&2.&Cigarette&filter&assemble& 0 Test&results&of&saturation&tool& Cigarette0smoke0filters0will0be0tested0for0saturation0point0from000to050cigarettes0sticks0 and0so0on.0On0the0use0of0filters0on050cigarettes0was0declared0already0saturated0because0the0 algae0inside0the0filter0has0changed0the0color0of0the0green0color0into0a0thick0black0color0and0the0 smell0 of0 algae0 also0 smells0 a0 bit0 stinging.0 Then0 the0 filter0 tool0 used0 was0 already0 saturated0 threshold.0If0the0cigarette0filter0tool0is0saturated0then0cigarette0filter0should0be0replaced0new.0 0 0 0 0 0 International)Journal)of)Applied)Biology,)1(1),)2017) 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure&3.&Graph&of&Laborotorium&Analysis&Result&of&Nicotine&content,&Tar,&and&carbon& monoxide&of&cigarette&smoke& 0 Organoleptic&Test&Results& The0organoleptic0test0was0performed0by0hedonic0method0on0100panelists.0The0test0 parameters0included0flavor0and0aroma.0To0the0attachment0presented0cigarettes0and0filter0 samples0 of0 algae0 cigarettes0 then0 the0 panelists0 tried0 to0 suck0 it0 and0 then0 fill0 out0 the0 questionnaire0based0on0the0preferred0levels0according0to0the0rating0scale.0Based0on0the0results0 of0organoleptic0tests0that0have0been0done0to0100panelists0obtained0an0average0of04.30/05.00is0 a0comparison0of0numbers0with0a0very0small0difference,0ie00.10means0the0potential0of0this0 cigarettes0filter0to0be0applied0to0the0public.0In0addition0to0reducing0levels0of0toxins0such0as0 nicotine,0tar,0and0carbon0monoxide,0Spirogyra)peipingensis0algaeKbased0filter0is0also0in0great0 demand0by0the0public.0So0by0applying0this0product0is0expected0to0reduce0the0various0diseases0 of0society0caused0by0cigarettes.0 0 Conclusions& Spirogyra)peipingensis0algae0cigarette0filter0can0reduce0the0content0of0nicotine,0tar,0 and0carbon0monoxide0in0cigarette0smoke0significantly.0Spirogyra)peipingensis0algae0cigarette0 filter0can0reduce0the0content0of0nicotine0by061.360%,0tar0by048.29%0and0CO0by086,36%.0The0 decreasing0content0of0toxins0in0cigarette0smoke0caused0by0the0content0contained0in0algae0that0 can0absorb0various0compounds0produced0by0cigarette0smoke.0 & Acknowledgment&& The0authors0gratefully0acknowledge0financial0support0from0the0Ministry0of0Research,0 Technology0 and0 Higher0 Education0 of0 Indonesia0 with0 project0 PKM0 (Program0 Kreativitas0 mahasiswa)0contract0number0547/B3.1/KM/2017.0 & References& Abedi,0M.02017.&Germination)patterns)of)the)scrublands)in)response)to)smoke:)The)role)of) 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