Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 E-ISSN: 2322-5270; P-ISSN: 2383-0956 Journal homepage: www.ij-aquaticbiology.com © 2015 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Original Article Biodiversity of freshwater rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Mizoram, Northeast India: composition, new records and interesting features Bhushan Kumar Sharma*,1Sumita Sharma Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong - 793 022, Meghalaya, India. Article history: Received 1 September 2015 Accepted 5 October 2015 2015 Available online 2 5 October 2015 Keywords: Composition Biogeography Interesting taxa Richness Sub-tropical waters Abstract: The plankton and semi-plankton samples examined from Mizoram state of northeast India (NEI) revealed speciose and diverse Rotifera assemblage including a total richness (S) of 162 species belonging to 19 families and 35 genera. The reports of six species new to India, four species new to NEI and 76 new records to Mizoram merit biodiversity interest. The occurrence of one Australasian, one Oriental, seven Paleotropical, one Holarctic, one cosmo (sub) tropical and five other interesting species imparts biogeographical value while several species indicate regional distribution importance. Lecanidae > Lepadellidae > Brachionidae > Trichocercidae collectively comprised 69.7% of total richness (S). Lecane > Lepadella > Trichocerca are diverse genera (~52.0% of S) while Brachionus spp. (~8.0%) deserve cautious mention. The rotifer diversity pattern is predominantly ‘tropical’ with a large component of cosmopolitans (~71.0% of S) while tropicopolitan and pantropical species contributed ~16.0%. This study indicated high richness of the littoral-periphytonic and relative paucity of planktonic taxa. Analysis of periphytic, sessile, colonial and benthic taxa, and of cryptic diversity in certain species-groups merit attention for further biodiversity update and we estimate occurrence of 250+ rotifer species in Mizoram. Introduction Mizoram, one of the hill-states of NEI, has received little attention on aquatic metazoans diversity in general and on Rotifera, an important group of fish- food organisms and an integral component of aquatic food-webs, in particular. Initial reports of Sharma (1987), Sharma and Sharma (1987a, 1987b), and Sharma and Sharma (1990) on the latter dealt with eleven species of Lecanidae, three species of Lepadella, one species of Notommatidae and 10 species of Brachionidae, respectively. Recently, Sharma and Sharma (2014a) reported occurrence of 76 species and remarked on yet partially studied diversity of the taxon from this state while Sharma and Sharma (2014b, 2015) highlighted inadequately documented Brachionidae and Lepadellidae in particular, respectively. The present study, hence, attempts to provide a more exhaustive account of * Corresponding author: Bhushan Kumar Sharma E-mail address: profbksharma@gmail.com Rotifera biodiversity of Mizoram based on the recent sampling surveys. Remarks are made on composition and richness of the observed diversity, various interesting elements and distribution of different taxa. Materials and Methods The present observations are based on water and plankton and semi-plankton samples collected, during four field surveys (January, March, July and October) in 2012 and one in March 2013, from all eight districts of Mizoram (21°58'-24°35' N and 92°15'-93°29' E). A total of 330 samples were collected from varied aquatic ecosystems. Water samples were examined for water temperature, specific conductivity and pH by the field probes; dissolved oxygen was estimated by Winkler’s method while free CO2, alkalinity, hardness and 302 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 chloride were analyzed following APHA (1992). The qualitative plankton samples were collected by towing a nylobolt plankton net (No. 25) and were preserved in 5% formalin. Individual collections were screened with a Wild stereoscopic binocular microscope; the rotifer taxa were isolated and mounted in Polyvinyl alcohol–lactophenol, and observed with Leica (DM 1000) stereoscopic phase contrast microscope fitted with an image analyzer. The measurements were given in micrometers (µm). Various Rotifera taxa were identified following the works of Koste (1978), Koste and Shiel (1987, 1989, 1990), Shiel and Koste (1992, 1993), Segers (1995), Sharma (1983, 1987, 1998), Sharma and Sharma (1997, 1999, 2000, 2008, 2013). Segers (2002) was followed for the system of Rotifera classification and the remarks on distribution of various taxa were made following Segers (2007) and Jersabek and Leitner (2013). The reference materials are in the holdings of Freshwater Biology laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong. Results The variations (ranges, mean±SD) in the recorded abiotic parameters of the sampled water bodies are indicated in Table 1. The collections from Mizoram revealed 162 species of Rotifera belonging to 19 families and 35 genera of Eurotatoria (Appendix I). Of these, Lecane aeganea (Fig. 1A), Testudinella walkeri (Fig. 1B), Trichocerca hollaerti (Fig. 1C), T. maior (Fig. 1D), T. siamensis (Fig. 1E) and T. taurocephala (Fig. 1F) are new records to India. Brachionus leydigii (Fig. 1G), Lecane syngenes (Fig. 1H), Macrochaetus subquadratus (Fig. 1I) and Trichocerca edmondsoni (Fig. 1J) are new records to northeast India (NEI). In addition, 76 species are new additions to the rotifer fauna of Mizoram. Testudinella walkeri is an interesting Australasian species; Filinia camasecla (Fig. 2A) is an Oriental endemic. Our collections included seven paleotropical species namely Keratella javana (Fig. 2B), Lepadella discoidea (Fig. 2C), L. vandenbrandei (Fig. 2D), Lecane lateralis (Fig. 2E), L. unguitata (Fig. 2F), Testudinella greeni (Fig. 2G), and Trichocerca hollaerti; T. taurocephala is the Holarctic species; and Brachionus durgae (Fig. 2H) is a cosmo (sub) tropical element. Besides, Lepadella elongata (Fig. 2I) and Testudinella amphora (Fig. 2J) are other interesting species. Discussion Water temperature affirmed sub-tropical nature of the sampled ecosystems concurrent with their geographical location. The slightly acidic-circum neutral and ‘soft’ waters of Mizoram are characterized by low ionic concentration as indicated by specific conductivity values; the latter warranted their inclusion under ‘Class I’ category of trophic classification vide Talling and Talling (1965). The results exhibited well-oxygenated waters, low free CO2 and low chloride content. Various abiotic parameters concurred broadly with the report of Sharma and Pachuau (2013). One hundred and sixty-two species of Rotifera, belonging to 35 genera and 19 families of Eurotatoria, observed from Mizoram revealed rich Parameters ↓ Range Mean SD Water temperature °C 12.0 - 28.0 17.4 4.2 Specific conductivity µS cm-1 20.0 - 65.2 42.5 12.0 pH 5.60 - 6.98 6.70 0.24 Dissolved Oxygen mg l-1 4.0 - 10.2 6.7 2.1 Free Carbon dioxide mg l-1 5.0 - 17.6 12.1 3.2 Alkalinity mg l-1 21.0 - 40.0 29.6 4.3 Hardness mg l-1 19.0 - 38.6 31.2 6.8 Chloride mg l-1 4.0 - 10.9 6.5 3.1 Table 1. Variations in some basic abiotic parameters. 303 Sharma and Sharma/ Freshwater rotifers of Mizoram (Northeast India) Figure 1. A, Lecane aeganea Harring (ventral view); B, Testudinella walkeri Koste & Shiel (ventral view); C, Trichocerca hollaerti De Smet (lateral view); D, Trichocerca siamensis Segers & Pholpunthin (lateral view); E, Trichocerca maior Hauer (lateral view); F, Trichocerca taurocephala (Hauer) (lateral view); G, Brachionus leydigii Cohn (ventral view); H, Lecane syngenes (Hauer) (ventral view); I, Macrochaetus subquadratus (Perty) (dorsal view); J, Trichocerca edmondsoni (Myers) (lateral view). 304 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 Figure 2. A, Filinia camasecla Myers (ventral view); B, Keratella javana Hauer (ventral view); C, Lepadella discoidea Segers (ventral view); D, Lepadella vandenbrandei Gillard (ventral view); E, Lecane lateralis Sharma (ventral view); F, Lecane unguitata (Fadeev) (ventral view); G, Testudinella greeni Koste (dorsal view); H, Brachionus durgae Dhanapathi (dorsal view); I, Lepadella elongata Koste (ventral view); J, Testudinella amphora Hauer (ventral view). 305 Sharma and Sharma/ Freshwater rotifers of Mizoram (Northeast India) and diverse assemblage of the phylum. This salient feature is hypothesized to habitat diversity and environmental heterogeneity of the sampled aquatic ecosystems and merits biodiversity interest particularly in light of the scarcity of perennial lentic biotopes in sub-tropical environs of this hill-state of NEI. Six species namely Lecane aeganea, Testudinella walkeri, Trichocerca hollaerti, T. maior, T. siamensis and T. taurocephala are new records to the Indian Rotifera. Brachionus leydigii, Lecane syngenes, Macrochaetus subquadratus and Trichocerca edmondsoni are new to NEI and 76 species are new to the rotifer fauna of Mizoram. Interestingly, the documented species comprised ~ 22.0% and ~66.0% of the rotifer richness known from India (BKS, unpublished) and NEI (Sharma and Sharma, 2014a), respectively. This study marked more than two-fold increase in the species reported from Mizoram (Sharma and Sharma, 2014a) and incidentally it represented the third richest rotifer diversity known till date from any state of India following the reports of 220 and 177 species from Assam (Sharma and Sharma, 2014c) and Tamil Nadu (Sharma and Sharma, 2009), respectively. The stated features imparted special biodiversity value to the present study. The globally important species (~10% of S) included the Australasian Testudinella walkeri; the Oriental endemic Filinia camasecla; seven paleotropical species namely Keratella javana, Lepadella discoidea, L. vandenbrandei, Lecane lateralis, L. unguitata, Testudinella greeni and Trichocerca hollaerti; the Holarctic Trichocerca taurocephala; cosmo (sub) tropical Brachionus durgae and five other interesting species i.e., Lepadella elongata, Trichocerca edmondsoni, T. maior, T. siamensis and Testudinella amphora; these assigned biogeographic importance to Mizoram Rotifera. Of these, Testudinella walkeri is an interesting addition of the first category to the fauna of NEI (Sharma and Sharma, 2014a) and thus affirmed affinity of Rotifera assemblage of this region as well as of Mizoram with Southeast Asia and Australia. This generalization supported earlier remarks of Sharma (2005) and Sharma and Sharma (2005, 2008, 2013, 2014a, 2014c). Lecane aeganea, a new record from India, is often confused with L. tensuiseta but differed from the latter in having shorter lorica and shorter toes. It is known from the Oriental region from Cambodia (Meas and Sanoamuang, 2010) and Thailand (Sa- Ardrit et al., 2013). Testudinella walkeri is another addition to the Indian Rotifera. Described from Australia (Koste and Shiel, 1980), it is enlisted in several reports from Thailand (Sa-Ardrit et al., 2013). The specimens from Mizoram, however, agreed with those reported by Segers and Pholpunthin (1997). The present report thus extended the distribution of these two species to the Indian sub-region. Of the other new records to India, Trichocerca hollaerti is characterized by a lateral keel over the entire body, by a head aperture with longitudinal folds and by having a single elongate right, and a S- shaped, short left toe. This species resembled T. lophoessa f. carinata Koste; the identity of latter cannot be ascertained (Segers, 2003). We assign our specimens to T. hollaerti following Segers and Sarma (1993) and Segers (2003). This paleotropical species is known (Segers, 2007) from African, Neotropical, Pacific and Oriental regions; the present report further extended its distribution within the last region. Trichocerca maior (Hauer), often considered T. porcellus f. maior, is characterized by distinct shape of its lorica and trophi, and was hence assigned the status of a distinct species by Segers (2003); the latter treatment is followed in this account. This species is distributed in Nearctic and Palearctic regions (Segers, 2007) while it is known from the Oriental region by a number of workers from Thailand (Sa-Ardrit et al., 2013); the present report extended distribution range of T. maior to the Indian sub-continent. Trichocerca siamensis, new addition to the Indian Rotifera, was described from Thailand (Segers and Pholpunthin, 1997). Considering the almost identical external morphology of the two species, it is likely 306 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 to be confused with the Holarctic T. uncinata while the tropical records are referred (Segers, 2003) to belong to T. siamensis. Sharma et al. (2015) recently reported T. uncinata from the floodplains of the Majuli river island of the Brahmaputra river basin; this report yet required examination in view of the stated distributional limits of the two species. Trichocerca taurocephala (Hauer), an interesting species new to India, deserved attention. Koste and Zhuge (1996) compared the specimens from China considered this species and identified the same as Trichocerca pygocera (Wiszniewski) while considering the former as its synonym. Segers (2003) commented T. taurocephala after Koste and Zhuge (1996) to be possibly an unnamed taxon endemic to Hainan, China (Segers, 1998). The specimens from Mizoram differed from Trichocerca pygocera and the Chinese material in shorter anterior spines and in the absence of characteristic posterior or caudal spike of lorica and are thus identified as T. taurocephala. The present study extended distribution ranges of Brachionus leydigii, Lecane syngenes, Macrochaetus subquadratus and Trichocerca edmondsoni to NEI. The first species is validly known from Delhi (Arora and Mehra, 2003) and Panjab (Sharma, 1980) while the reports from Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand are unverifiable. Lecane syngenes is reported till date from West Bengal (Sharma, 1979). Macrochaetus subquadratus is known from Kerala (Kakkassery, 2003) while the report from Andhra Pradesh warranted validation. Trichocerca edmondsoni is documented from Kashmir (Edmondson, 1938) as T. compressa (a synonym of the former) while Segers (2003) remarked on the confirmation of this sole report outside the Americas. The present report confirmed occurrence of this new world species in the Indian sub-region and extended its distribution to eastern Himalayas. The occurrence of Eastern hemisphere species namely Brachionus diversicornis, B. forficula, Lecane lateralis, L. simonneae, L. unguitata, Lepadella discoidea, L. vandenbrandei, and Testudinella greeni is a noteworthy feature of Mizoram Rotifera. In addition, Brachionus bennini, Colurella adriatica, Euchlanis meneta, Lecane bifurca, L. doryssa, L. haliclysta, L. pusilla, L. tenuiseta, L. thienemanni, Lepadella benjamini, L. costatoides, L. dactyliseta, L. elongata, L. quadricarinata, L. quinquecostata, Macrochaetus longipes, Mytilina acanthophora, Platyias leloupi, Testudinella amphora, T. tridentata, Trichocerca bidens, T. scipio, T. tigris, T. weberi and Wolga spinifera indicated regional distributional interest. Of these, B. bennini, Lepadella benjamini, L. elongata, L. vandenbrandei, Trichocerca bidens, T. scipio, Testudinella amphora and T. greeni are restricted till date to NEI. Testudinella amphora is reported from India from Assam (Sharma et al., 2015) while E. meneta and W. spinifera are recent additions to NEI from the Brahmaputra basin of Assam state (Sharma and Sharma, 2014b). Our collections are characterized by the stated order of importance of Lecanidae > Lepadellidae ≥ Brachionidae > Trichocercidae; these families comprised 69.7% of total rotifer richness (S) known from the state. Their biodiversity importance concurred with the reports from the floodplains of Thailand (Sanoamuang, 1998), Indian Rotifera (Sharma, 1996) and the Oriental fauna (Segers, 2008). Their richness pattern primarily concurred with the rotifer fauna of NEI (Sharma and Sharma, 2014a) but it differed in particular from Assam Rotifera (Sharma and Sharma, 2014b). Euchlanidae = Testudinellidae ≥ Trichotriidae ≥ Notommatidae are other notable families (15.5% of S). Interestingly, the stated families, except Brachionidae, included predominantly the littoral- periphytic taxa (Segers, 2001). On the other hand, the general paucity of planktonic rotifers in Mizoram collections is hypothesized to the scarcity of perennial lentic ecosystems in sub-tropical environs of this hill-state of NEI, their usually shallow nature and to the lack of definite pelagic habitats (De Manuel, 1994). Incidentally, this study doubled richness of Brachionidae than an earlier report of Sharma and Sharma (2014a); this feature as well as 307 Sharma and Sharma/ Freshwater rotifers of Mizoram (Northeast India) Brachionus spp. (~8.0%) desired cautious attention because of fewer planktonic species occurring in limnetic environs of certain fish ponds. Lecane > Lepadella > Trichocerca are diverse genera (~52.7% of S) of Mizoram Rotifera. The relative importance of richness of these periphytic genera concurred with the report by Sharma (2014) and endorsed the possibility of assemblage rules for the periphytic rotifer assemblages as hypothesized by Green (2003). The importance of `tropic-centered’ Lecane is distinct (24.8% of S), the richness of Trichocerca (21 species, 13.0% of S) marked a significant increase than only eight species reported by Sharma and Sharma (2014a) while `tropic- centered’ Brachionus (~8.0%) is rather limited. Nevertheless, significance of Lecane and to a lesser degree of Brachionus affirmed the role of thermophiles in our collections concurrent with the rotifer fauna of Southeast Asia (Segers, 2001). The said features along with occurrence of a large component of cosmopolitans (~71.0% of S) and of various tropicopolitan and pantropical species (~16.0%) impart a general ‘tropical character’ to the rotifer fauna of Mizoram. These remarks are supported by low richness of `temperate-centered’ Keratella and scarcity of ‘cold-water’ genera Cephalodella and Synchaeta. These generalizations are in conformity with the composition of the tropical faunas from different parts of the globe (Green, 1972; Pejler, 1977; Fernando, 1980; De Ridder, 1981; Dussart et al., 1984; Segers, 2001, 2008). To sum up, the rich and diverse Mizoram Rotifera is hypothesized to habitat diversity and environmental heterogeneity of the sampled ecosystems of this hill- state of NEI which are characterized by the scarcity of perennial lentic biotopes and the lack of definite pelagic habitats in particular. Various new records, globally interesting elements and Eastern hemisphere species impart biodiversity and biogeographic value to this study. The rotifer fauna is predominantly of ‘tropical nature’ and is characterized by notable richness of the littoral- periphytic taxa and general paucity of planktonic rotifers. 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Sharma S., Sharma B.K. (2013). Faunal Diversity of Aquatic Invertebrates of Deepor Beel (a Ramsar site), Assam, northeast India. Wetland Ecosystem Series, 17: 1-226. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Shiel R.J., Koste W. (1992). Rotifera from Australian inland waters VIII. Trichocercidae (Monogononta). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 116 (1): 1-27. Shiel R.J., Koste W. (1993). Rotifera from Australian inland waters. IX. Gastropodidae, Synchaetidae, Asplanchnidae (Rotifera: Monogononta). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 117 (1): 111-139. Talling J.F., Talling I.B. (1965). The chemical composition of African lake waters. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 50: 421-463. 310 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 Family: Brachionidae 1. Anuraeopsis coelata De Beauchamp, 1932 *** 2. A. fissa (Gosse, 1851) 3. Brachionus ahlstromi Lindeman, 1939 *** 4. B. angularis Gosse, 1851 5. B. bennini Leissling, 1924 6. B. bidentatus Anderson, 1889 *** 7. B. calyciflorus Pallas, 1766 8. B. caudatus Barrois & Daday, 1894 s. lato 9. B. diversicornis (Daday, 1883) *** 10. B. durgae Dhanapathi, 1974 *** 11. B. falcatus Zacharias, 1898 12. B. forficula Wierzejski, 1891 *** 13. B. leydigii Cohn, 1862** 14. B. rubens Ehrenberg, 1838 *** 15. B. quadridentatus Hermann, 1783 16. Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) 17. K. javana Hauer, 1937 *** 18. K. tecta (Gosse, 1851) *** 19. K. tropica (Apstein, 1907) 20. Platyias leloupi (Gillard, 1967) *** 21. P. quadricornis (Ehrenberg, 1832) 22. Plationus patulus (O.F. Muller, 1786) Family: Euchlanidae 23. Beauchampiella eudactylota (Gosse, 1886) 24. Euchlanis. dilatata Ehrenberg, 1832 25. E. incisa Carlin, 1939 *** 26. E. meneta Myers, 1930 *** 27. E. triquetra Ehrenberg, 1838 28. Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse, 1886) 29. Tripleuchlanis plicata (Levander, 1894) *** Family: Mytilinidae 30. Lophocharis salpina (Ehrenberg, 1834) 31. Mytilina acanthophora Hauer, 1938 *** 32. M. bisulcata (Lucks, 1912) *** 33. M. ventralis (Ehrenberg, 1830) Family: Trichotriidae 34. Macrochaetus collinsi (Gosse, 1867) 35. M. subquadratus (Perty, 1850) ** 36. M. longipes Myers, 1934 *** 37. M. sericus (Thorpe, 1893) 38. Trichotria tetractis (Ehrenberg, 1830) 39. Wolga spinifera (Western, 1894) *** Family: Lepadellidae 40. Colurella adriatica Ehrenberg, 1831 *** 41. C. colurus (Ehrenberg, 1830) *** 42. C. obtusa (Gosse, 1886) 43. C. sulcata (Stenroos, 1898) 44. C. uncinata (O.F. Muller, 1773) s. lato 45. Lepadella acuminata (Ehrenberg, 1834) 46. L. apsida Harring, 1916 *** 47. L benjamini Harring, 1916 *** 48. L. biloba Hauer, 1958 *** 49. L. costatoides Segers, 1992 50. L. cristata (Rousselet, 1893) *** 51. L. dactyliseta (Stenroos, 1898) *** 52. L. discoidea Segers, 1993 53. L. elongata Koste, 1992 *** 54. L. eurysterna Myers, 1942 *** 55. L. latusinus (Hilgendorf, 1889 *** 56. L. lindaui Koste, 1981*** 57. L. minuta (Weber & Montet, 1918) *** 58. L. ovalis (O.F. Muller, 1786) s. lato 59. L. patella (O.F. Muller, 1773) s. lato 60. L. quadricarinata (Stenroos, 1898) *** 61. L. quinquecostata (Lucks, 1912) *** 62. L. rhomboides (Gosse, 1886)s. lato 63. L. triba Myers, 1934 *** 64. L. triptera Ehrenberg 1832 *** 65. L. vandenbrandei Gillard, 1952 *** 66. L. (Heterolepadella) apsicora Myers, 1934 67. L. (H.) ehrenbergi (Perty, 1850) 68. L. (H.) heterostyla (Murray, 1913) 69. Squatinella lamellaris (O. F. Müller, 1786) *** Family: Lecanidae 70. Lecane aculeata (Jakubski, 1912) Appendix I: A detailed systematic list of the rotifer species examined from Mizoram Phylum: Rotifera Class: Eurotatoria Subclass: Monogononta Order: Ploima 311 Sharma and Sharma/ Freshwater rotifers of Mizoram (Northeast India) 71. L. arcula Harring, 1914 72. L. aeganea Harring, 1914 * 73. L. bifurca (Bryce, 1892) *** 74. L. bulla (Gosse, 1851) s. lato 75. L. closterocerca (Schmarda, 1859) 76. L. crepida Harring, 1914 77. L. curvicornis (Murray, 1913) s. lato 78. L. decipiens (Murray, 1913) *** 79. L. doryssa Harring, 1914 *** 80. L. elegans Harring, 1914 *** 81. L. flexilis (Gosse, 1886) *** 82. L. furcata (Murray, 1913)*** 83. L. haliclysta Harring & Myers, 1926 *** 84. L. hamata (Stokes, 1896) s. lato 85. L. hornemanni (Ehrenberg, 1834) *** 86. L. inermis (Bryce, 1892) 87. L. inopinata Harring & Myers, 1926 88. L. lateralis Sharma, 1978 *** 89. L. leontina (Turner, 1892) s.lato 90. L. ludwigii (Eckstein, 1883) 91. L. luna (Müller, 1776) 92. L. lunaris (Ehrenberg, 1832) s. lato *** 93. L. monostyla (Daday, 1897) *** 94. L. nana (Murray, 1913) *** 95. L. obtusa (Murray, 1913) 96. L. ohioensis (Herrick, 1885) 97. L. papuana (Murray, 1913) 98. L. ploenensis (Voigt, 1902) 99. L. pusilla Harring, 1914 *** 100. L. pyriformis (Daday, 1905) 101. L. quadridentata (Ehrenberg,1830) s. lato 102. L. stenroosi (Meissner, 1908) *** 103. L. styrax (Harring & Myers, 1926) 104. L. syngenes (Hauer, 1938) ** 105. L. tenuiseta Harring, 1914 *** 106. L. thienemanni (Hauer, 1938) *** 107. L. undulata Hauer, 1938 *** 108. L unguitata (Fadeev, 1925) 109. L. ungulata (Gosse, 1887) Family : Notommatidae 110. Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg, 1830) 111. C. gibba (Ehrenberg, 1830) 112. C. mucronata Myers, 1924 *** 113. Monommata longiseta (O.F. Müller, 1786) 114. Monommata sp. Family: Scaridiidae 115. Scaridium longicaudum (O.F. Müller, 1786) Family: Trichocercidae 116. Trichocerca bicristata (Gosse, 1887) 117. T. cylindrica (Imhof, 1891) *** 118. T. bidens (Lucks, 1912) *** 119. T. edmondsoni (Myers, 1936) ** 120. T. elongata (Gosse, 1886) 121. T. hollaerti De Smet, 1990 * 122. T. iernis (Gosse, 1887) *** 123. T insignis (Herrick, 1885) *** 124. T. insulana (Hauer, 1937) *** 125. T. maior Hauer, 1936 * 126. T. pusilla (Jennings, 1903) 127. T. rattus (O.F. Müller, 1776) 128. T. scipio (Gosse, 1886) *** 129. T. siamensis Segers & Pholpunthin, 1997 * 130. T. similis (Wierzejski, 1893) 131. T. stylata (Gosse, 1851) *** 132. T. taurocephala (Hauer, 1931) * 133. T. tigris (O.F. Müller, 1786) *** 134. T. vernalis (Hauer, 1936) *** 135. T. voluta (Murray, 1913) *** 136. T. weberi (Jennings, 1903) *** Family: Asplanchnidae 137. Asplanchna priodonta Gosse, 1850 Family: Synchaetidae 138. Polyarthra euryptera Wierzejski, 1891 *** 139. P. vulgaris Carlin, 1943 140. Ploesoma lenticulare Herrick, 1885 *** 141. Synchaeta pectinata Ehrenberg, 1832 *** Family: Dicranophoridae 142. Dicranophoroides caudatus (Ehrenberg, 1834) *** 143. Dicranophorus forcipatus (O.F. Müller, 1786) Order: Flosculariaceae Family: Floscularidae 144. Floscularia ringens (Linnaeus, 1758) *** 145. Sinantherina socialis (Linne, 1758) 146. S. spinosa (Thorpe, 1893) Family: Hexarthridae 147. Hexarthra mira (Hudson, 1871) Family: Testudinellidae 312 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 148. Testudinella amphora Hauer, 1938 *** 149. T. emarginula (Stenroos, 1898) s. lato 150. T. greeni Koste, 1981 *** 151. T. parva (Ternetz, 1892) *** 152. T. patina (Hermann, 1783) s. lato 153. T. tridentata Smirnov, 1931 *** 154. T. walkeri Koste & Shiel, 1980* 155. Pompholyx sulcata Hudson,1885 *** Family: Trochosphaeridae 156. Filinia camasecla Myers, 1938 157. F. longiseta (Ehrenberg, 1834) s. lato 158. F. opoliensis (Zacharias, 1898) 159. F. terminalis (Plate, 1886) s. lato *** Family: Collothecidae 160. Collotheca ornata (Ehrenberg, 1832) *** Sub-class: Bdelloidea Family: Philodinidae 161. Philodina roseola Ehrenberg, 1832 *** 162. Rotaria neptunia (Ehrenberg, 1830) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * New record from India, ** new record from northeast India, *** new record from Mizoram Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 E-ISSN: 2322-5270; P-ISSN: 2383-0956 Journal homepage: w www.ij-aquaticbiology.com © 2015 Iranian Society of Ichthyology چکیده فارسی شرقی هندوستان:میزورما، شمال شیرین آب (Rotifera: Eurotatoriaتنوع روتفرهای ) های جالبای، ثبت جدید و ویژگیترکیب گونه سومیت شارما، *بوشان کومار شارما ، مقالالیا، هندوستان. 220377شرقی، شیلونگ گروه جانورشناسی، دانشگاه هیل شمال ،شیرینهایشناسی آبزمایشگاه زیستآ چکیده: گونه 267شامل غنایی با اجتماعی پرگونه و متنوع از روتیفرا وستانشرقی هندایالت میزورما در شمال پالنکتونهای پالنکتون و نیمهبررسی نمونه گونه جدید 26شرقی هند و شمالگونه جدید برای 4، وستانگونه جدید برای هند 6این مطالعه جنس را آشکار کرد. 00خانواده و 22متعلق به یک گونه گونه پالئوتروپیکال، 2رالیایی، یک گونه شرقی، استکند. وقوع یک گونه برای ایالت میزورما که از نظر تنوع زیستی جالب هستند را ثبت می که چندین گونه اهمیت د، در حالیسازمی آشکارجالب دیگر ارزش جغرافیای زیستی را گونه 5هولوآرکتیک، یک گونه جهانی )زیر( استوایی و درصد از 2/62در مجموع Lecanidae>Lepadellidae>Brachionidae>Trichocercidae هایخانواده د.ندهای را نشان میپراکنش منطقه که ای( در حالیدرصد از غنای گونه 57ها هستند )با حدود ترین جنسمتنوعLecane>Lepadella> Trichocercaگیرند. دربرمیرا ای غنای گونه غنای پریفیتونی و -ساحلی هایاز آرایه یدهند. این مطالعه غنای باالیدرصد را تشکیل می26حدود Pantropicalو Tropicopolitanهای گونه ن نیاز به توجه ای معیهای گونههای پریفیتیک، ساکن، کلونی و بنتیک و تنوع نهفته برخی گروهپالنکتونی را نشان داد. آنالیز آرایههای از آرایهکمتر .شودزده میمین گونه روتیفر در میزورما تخ 753و حضور بیش از دکنای را بیان میبروز رسانی تنوع گونه هبیشتر ب .استواییهای زیرآب، ایغنای گونه های جالب،آرایه ،جغرافیای زیستی ،ترکیب کلمات کلیدی: