© 2022 Iranian Society of Ichthyology 

Short Communication 
Effect of parity and calf gender on milk yield and composition of buffalo, Bubalus bubalis 

inhabiting southern Iraqi wetlands 
 

Muayad Abdulwahid Jaber Al-Fayad*,1 Hussein Majeed Shareef 

 
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Marshlands, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq. 

 

 

 

 

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. 

Density % Ash % Lactose % Protein % 
Solid Non-

fat % 
Fat % Total Solid % 

Daily milk 

production/k 
birth seq. 

31.86±0.27a 0.65±0.006a 5.14±0.045a 3.38±0.029a 9.2±0.076a 5.96±0.18a 15.15±0.198a 3.74±0.128d 1 

32±0.36a 0.64±0.01a 4.9±0.21a 3.26±0.065a 8.8±0.17a 5.21±0.082b 14.02±0.237b 5±0.26c 2 

30.6±0.19a 0.61±0.039a 4.75±0.034a 3.14±0.023a 8.49±0.061a 5.09±0.095b 13.61±0.138bc 4.7±0.73d 3 

30.73±0.32a 0.64±0.0086a 4.69±0.047a 4.69±0.042a 8.37±0.083a 4.84±0.053b 13.23±0.122c 11.14±0.165a 4 and more 

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Density % 
Ash % Lactose % Protein % 

Solid 

Nonfat % 
Fat % 

Total Solid 

% 

Daily milk 

production/k 
Gender 

30.83±0.18b 0.63±0.0046a a4.83±0.032  a18±0.021.  a61±0.005.  a17±0.073. b13.79±0.16 a8.74±0.32 Male 

31.51±0.2a 0.64±0.0054 a4.9±0.043 a3.24±0.028 a8.79±0.077 a5.42±0.077 a14.22±0.1 b6.4±0.26 Female 

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	The buffalo is one of the ancient and indigenous animals in Iraq. It was domesticated in the middle of the third millennium BC in 2500 BC, approximately in the Sumerian city of Ur in Mesopotamia (Borghes, 2008). The Iraqi buffalo spreads throughout Ir...