Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2022) 10(3): 242-253 ISSN: 2322-5270; P-ISSN: 2383-0956 Journal homepage: www.ij-aquaticbiology.com © 2022 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Original Article Ichthyofauna of the Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage with the first record of Cobitis avicenna and Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus Atta Mouludi-Saleh, Soheil Eagderi*,1Hadi Poorbagher Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. s Article history: Received 17 March 2022 Accepted 1 June 2022 Available online 2 5 June 2022 Keywords: Cyprinidae Kurdistan Invasive Loaches Conservation Endemic species Abstract: This study investigated the fish diversity of the Sirvan River drainage, Tigris River basin. Sampling was performed at 20 stations during 2020-2021 using an electrofishing device. A total of 32 species in 23 genera, 12 families and seven orders, including Barbus lecerta, Capoeta damascina, C. trutta, C. umbla, Carassius gibelio, Cyprinion macrostomum, C. kais, Garra rufa, Luciobarbus barbulus, Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae), Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, H. nobilis, Hemiculter leucisculus (Xenocyprididae), Cobitis avicennae (Cobitidae), Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus, O. zarzianus, O. kurdistanicus, O. parvinae, Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, Paracobitis molavi (Neomacheilidae), Squalius berak, S. lepidus, Alburnus sellal, A. hohenackeri (Leuciscidae), Pseudorasbora parva (Gobionidae), Rhinogobius lindbergi (Gobiidae), Esox lucius (Esocidae), Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Mastacembelidae), Glyptothorax pallens (Sisoridae), Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmonidae) and Gambosia holbrooki (Poeciliidae) were recorded. Carassius gibelio, C. idella, C. carpio, H. molitrix and H. nobilis, A. hohenackeri P. parva, H. leucisculus, O. mykiss, R. lindbergi, E. lucius and G. holbrooki were exotic species introduced to this river system. This study confirms the new records of O. euphraticus and C. avicennae for the first time from the Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage. Introduction Iran has a high diversity of freshwater fishes (Esmaeili et al., 2018) distributed in 19 exorheic and endorheic basins. In recent years, many new species, and records were described and reported from remote areas of Iran that had been investigated rarely (Eagderi et al., 2019a; Eagderi & Mousavi-Sabet, 2021; Mousavi- Sabet et al., 2021; Esmaeili et al., 2022). Sirvan River drainage with an area of 7500 km2 located in the mountainous region of the Kurdistan Province with a length of 213 km and a maximum flow of 250m3/s (Jafari, 2000). Due to the importance of this river system and the lack of a comprehensive study on its fish inventory, the current study was conducted to investigate the ichthyofauna of the Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage with two new records from this drainage. Materials and Methods During 2020-2021, some 985 specimens from 20 *Correspondence: Soheil Eagderi DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/ijab.v10i3.1639 E-mail: soheil.eagderi@ut.ac.ir stations were sampled in the Sirvan River drainage (Fig. 1). Sampling was performed using an electrofishing device. Then, using identification keys Keivany et al. (2016), and Esmaeili et al. (2018), the fishes were identified. Some of the fishes were fixed into 10% fixed formalin after anesthesia and the rest were released to the river. Results The collected samples represented 32 species in 23 genera, 12 families, and seven orders. Dominant order was Cypriniformes (26 species; 81%), followed by Gobiiformes, Esociformes, Synbranchiformes, Siluriformes, Salmoniformes and Cyprinodontiformes each having 1 species (Figs. 2, 3). Checklist Species name (Author)―[IUCN], English Name/Figure. * = endemic, ** = exotic. 243 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2022) 10(3): 242-253 Class Actinopterygii Order Cypriniformes (6 families, 17 genera, and 26 species) Family Cyprinidae (7 genera and 10 species) Genus Barbus Cuvier, 1816 1- Barbus lecerta Heckel, 1843―[Least Concern (LC)], Kura barbell (Fig. 4a) Genus Capoeta Valenciennes, 1842 2- Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842)―[Least Concern (LC)], Mesopotamian barb (Fig. 4b) Figure 1. Sampling stations of the Sirvan River. Figure 2. Percent of fish species in different fish orders. 244 Mouludi-Saleh et al./ Ichthyofauna of Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage Remark: This species is found as sympatric with C. umbla in Sirvan River drainage. 3- Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)―[Least Concern (LC)], Longspine scraper (Fig. 4c) 4- Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843)―[Least Concern (LC)], Tigris scraper (Fig. 4d) Remark: It was reported from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2016). It differs from C. damascina in its morphological (Esmaeili et al., 2016) and osteological (Jawad and Alwan, 2020; Çiçek et al., 2021) characteristics. Genus Carassius Jarocki, 1822 5- Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)**―[Potential pest], Prussian carp (Fig. 4e) Genus Cyprinion Heckel, 1843 6- Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843―[Least Concern (LC)], Tigris kingfish (Fig. 4f) 7- Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843―[Least Concern (LC)], Kais kingfish (Fig. 4g) Remark: Both C. macrostomum and C. kais are inhabited sympatrically in the Sirvan River drainage. Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 8- Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843)―[Least Concern (LC)], Red Garra (Fig. 4h) Genus Luciobarbus Heckel, 1843 9- Luciobarbus barbulus (Heckel, 1849)―[Not Evaluated], Qarah Aqaj barbell (Fig. 4i) Genus Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758 (1 species) 10- Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758**―[ Least Concern (LC)], Common carp Family Xenocyprididae (3 genera and 4 Species) Genus Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866 (1 species) 11- Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844)** ―[Not Evaluated], Grass carp Genus Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1859 (2 species) 12- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)** ―[ Least Concern (LC)], Silver carp 13- Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1844) **―[Least Concern (LC)], Bighead carp Genus Hemiculter Bleeker, 1859 (1 species) 14- Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855)** ―[Least Concern (LC)], Sharpbelly (Fig. 4j) Family Cobitidae (1 genus, 1 species) Genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 (1 species) 15- Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof, 2015*―[Not Evaluated], Figure 3. Number of fish species in different families. 245 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2022) 10(3): 242-253 Zagros spined loach (Fig. 4k) Remark: Cobitis avicennae has been described from the Karkheh River drainage in the Tigris River basin (Mousavi-Sabet et al., 2015). This species is reported from the Sirvan River for the first time. Family Nemacheilidae (2 genera and 6 species) Genus Oxynoemacheilus Bănăraescu & Nalbant, 1967 (3 species) 16- Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964)―[Least Concern (LC)] (Fig. 4l) Remark: It was already reported from Karoun river drainage as O. freyhofi and later treated as a junior synonym of O. euphraticus (Freyhof (2016). It is a widely distributed species in the Sirvan River drainage. 17- Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus Freyhof & Geiger, 2017―[ Least Concern (LC)] (Fig. 4m) Its record has been confirmed in Garan (Marivan) and Sirvan rivers by Eagderi et al. (2022). 18- Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant, 2014―[Not Evaluated], Kurdistan stone loach (Fig. 4n) Remark: This species was described by Kamangar et al. (2014), from Lesser Zab, which is reported from the Sirvan River drainage in the current study. 19- Oxynoemacheilus parvinae Sayyadzadeh, Eagderi & Esmaeili, 2016*―[Not Evaluated], Parvin stone loach (Fig. 4o) Genus Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964 (1 species) 20- Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu and Nalbant, 1964―[Least Concern (LC)], Kosswig’s loach (Fig. 4p) Remark: Its molecular identification was confirmed by Nikmehr et al. (2020) from Gaveh River. Genus Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 (1 species) 21- Paracobitis molavii Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger, 2014*―[Not Evaluated], Molavi’s crested loach (Fig. 4q) Family Leuciscidae (2 genera and 4 species) Genus Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (2 species) 22- Squalius berak Heckel, 1843―[Least Concern (LC)], Mesopotamian chub (Fig. 4r) 23- Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843―[Least Concern (LC)], Mesopotamian pike chub (Fig. 4s) Genus Alburnus Rafinesque, 1820 (2 species) 24- Alburnus sellal Heckel, 1843―[Least Concern (LC)], Sellal bleak (Fig. 4t) 25- Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler, 1877**―[Least Concern (LC)], North Caucasian bleak (Fig. 4u) Family Gobionidae (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Pseudorasbora Bleeker, 1859 (1 species) 26- Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)**―[Least Concern (LC)], Stone moroko (Fig. 4v) Order Gobiiformes (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Family Gobiidae (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 (1 species) 27- Rhinogobius lindbergi Berg, 1933**―[Not Evaluated], Amur goby (Fig. 4w) Remark: This species was first recorded by Eagderi et al. (2018) and we collect it only in the Gaveh River. Order Esociformes (1 family, 1 genus and 1species) Family Esocidae (1 genus and 1species) Genus Esox Linnaeus, 1758 (1species) 28- Esox lucius Linnaceus, 1758**―[Least Concern (LC)], Northern pike (Fig. 4x) Order Synbranchiformes (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Family Mastacembelidae (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Mastacembelus Scopoli, 1777 (1 species) 29- Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794)―[Least Concern (LC)], Euphrates spiny eel (Fig. 4y) Order Siluriformes (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Family Sisoridae (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860 (1 species) 30- Glyptothorax pallens (Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Vatandoust & Freyhof, 2021)*―[Not Evaluated], Pallens catfish (Fig. 4z) 246 Mouludi-Saleh et al./ Ichthyofauna of Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage 247 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2022) 10(3): 242-253 248 Mouludi-Saleh et al./ Ichthyofauna of Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage 249 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2022) 10(3): 242-253 250 Mouludi-Saleh et al./ Ichthyofauna of Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage Figure 3. Fish’s pictures of the Sirvan River drainage (a) Barbus lecerta, (b) Capoeta damascina, (c) C. trutta, (d) C. umbla, (e) Carassius gibelio, (f) Cyprinion macrostomum, (G) C. kais, (h) Garra rufa, (i) Luciobarbus barbulus, (j) Hemiculter leucisculus, (k) Cobitis avicennae, (l) Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus, (m) O. zarzianus, (n) O. kurdistanicus, (o) O.parvinae, (p) Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, (q) Paracobitis molavii, (r) Squalius berak, (s) S. lepidus, (t) Alburnus sellal, (u) A. hohenackeri, (v) Pseudorasbora parva, (4) Rhinogobius lindbergi, (x) Esox lucius, (y) Mastacembelus mastacembelus and (z) Glyptothorax pallens. 251 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2022) 10(3): 242-253 Order Salmoniformes (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Family Salmonidae (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861(1 species) 31- Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) **―[Not Evaluated], Rainbow trout Order Cyprinodontiformes (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Family Poeciliidae (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Gambusia Poey, 185 (1 species) 32- Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859**―[Least Concern (LC)], Eastern mosquitofish Discussions Iran occupies a significant part of the Middle East, and its freshwater fish fauna shows a high level of species richness and endemism (Esmaeili et al., 2018). The Sirvan River drainage is part of the Persian Gulf basin, having elements of Ethiopian, Oriental and Palearctic ichthyofauna. The isolation of fishes in the mountainous region of Kurdistan Province has led to promoting speciation e.g. P. molavii, O. parvinae and G. pallens. In addition, we can expect new species in this river drainage as described past year (Freyhof et al., 2014; Sayyadzadeh et al., 2016; Mousavi-Sabet et al., 2021). There were some studies regarding ichthyofauna of the Sirvan River, but partially such as Esmaeili et al. (2011) about ichthyofauna of Zarivar Lake (Iran) with the first records of H. leucisculus and A. hohenackeri, and reporting 12 other species i.e. B. lacerta, C. barroisi, C. damascina, C. gibelio, C. idella, C. carpio, H. molitrix, H. nobilis, P. parva, S. lepidus, M. mastacembelus and G. holbrooki. However, C. barroisi is not found in Iran (Zareian et al., 2018) and is probably misidentified by C. trutta. Rezaee and Rafiee (2014) by sampling 8 stations in the Oramanat region and Paveh city, identified three families of Cyprinidae, Sisoridae and Balitoridae. In this list, genus Capoeta with two species of C. damascina and C. trutta; B. barbulus (Barbus); Leuciscus cephalus (Leuciscus) and G. rufa. Leuciscus cephalus (as S. berak or S. lepidus) and B. barbulus (as Luciobarbus barbulus) have erroneously been identified. Alizadeh-Marzani et al. (2015) reported 12 species from the Gaveh River, and Hasankhani et al. (2019), in their study on the abundance and biodiversity of Sirvan River have listed 17 fish species. However, these two works had focused on the limited area of this river drainage. There are some awkward reports regarding some fish species viz. Rhinogobius cf. similis, Oxynoemacheilus angorae, Squalius cephalus, Alburnus mossulensis, Capoeta barroisi, Barbus barbulus, Leuciscus cephalus that probably are erroneously identified (Esmaeili et al., 2011; Rezaee and Rafiee, 2014; Hasankhani et al., 2019). Anthropological activities have led to many invasive fishes, including C. gibelio, C. idella, C. carpio, H. molitrix, H. nobilis, A. hohenackeri, P. parva, H. leucisculus, O. mykiss and G. holbrooki in this drainage. These fishes are commercially valuable exotic species introduced to natural aquatic ecosystems of Kurdistan Province by fish farms or ornamental and aquarium fishes. The results revealed 12 exotic species had been introduced to the Sirvan River drainage. Based on our field observations, C. gibeli, A. hohenackeri, P. parva, H. leucisculus, R. lindbergi and G. holbrooki have been established and should be considered invasive. Cyprinus carpio, C. idella, H. molitrix, H. nobilis and O. mykiss have entered this river due to stocking fishes in the dam lakes and releasing them from fish farms and seem not to be established yet. Alburnus hohenackeri is a native species to western water bodies of the Sothern Caspian Sea basin (Esmaeili et al., 2018) and probably has been released to Zrebar Lake with other economic species and could be established. Following increasing the abundance of C. gibeli and P. parva in the Zrebar Lake, E. lucius was probably introduced to control these exotics. Introducing E. lucius to this lake led to crucial concerns regarding native fishes. In addition, this species could enter the main canal of Sirvan River, which was now found in the lower part of the Sirvan River drainage. It seems that the expansion and threats of exotic species are constantly increasing. Although not all https://www.fishbase.se/summary/OrdersSummary.php?order=Salmoniformes https://www.fishbase.se/summary/OrdersSummary.php?order=Cyprinodontiformes 252 Mouludi-Saleh et al./ Ichthyofauna of Iranian part of the Sirvan River drainage exotic species are endangered, their progress is irresponsible, and the predictive effect of exotic species is complex and there is a little proper method to evaluate their effects. Therefore, to protect native fish in sensitive ecosystems such as the Sirvan River, avoiding any development that could lead to the release of invasive species is recommended. Our intensive work conducted whole Iranian part of this river showed higher diversity than before. In addition, during the last decade, the taxonomic status of many Iranian freshwater fishes (Esmaeili et al., 2018) has been revised and some of their names have been changed. Therefore, updating the fish checklist of the Sirvan River drainage seems to be crucial. In addition, two new species are recorded from this river, viz. C. avicenna and O. euphraticus. The first record of the C. avicennae in the Sirvan River shows a range expansion of this species toward the more western part of Iran. Cobitis avicennae was described from the Karkheh River drainage, Persian Gulf basin (Mosavi- Sabet et al., 2015). The presence of this species shows its probable presence in other parts of the Tigris River drainage. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank N. Ahmadi, O. Abdiani, N. Mahmoudi, Z. Ghafouri and B. Molodinia for their help in fish collections, M. 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