Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2017) 5(5): 310-320; DOI: ISSN: 2322-5270; P-ISSN: 2383-0956 Journal homepage: www.ij-aquaticbiology.com © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Original Article Occurrence and intensity of parasites in Chelon aurata (Risso, 1810) and Neogobius caspius (Eichwald, 1831) (Teleostei: Perciformes) from southern Caspian Sea Seyedeh Bahereh Mirnategh1, Nader Shabanipour1, 2, Masoud Sattari*2, 31 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. 2Department of Marine Science, Caspian Sea Basin Research Centre, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. 3Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran. 3 Article history: Received 16 June 2017 Accepted 12 September 2017 Available online 2 5 October 2017 Keywords: Ectoparasite Endoparasite Mugilidae Gobiidae Abstract: This study was performed to investigate ecto-and endo-parasites of golden grey mullet, Chelon aurata (Risso, 1810) (N=331) and Caspian goby, Neogobius caspius (Eichwald, 1831) (N=170) from the southern Caspian Sea. The sampling was carried out for one year in three stations, including Chamkhaleh (St1), Kiashahr (St2) and Anzali (St3) coastal areas, Guilan Province, Iran. Biometric characteristics were recorded, sexes were determined and specimens examined for ecto- and endoparasites. A total of 158 specimens (58.31%) out of 331 grey mullets, and 61 (35.88%) out of 170 Caspian gobies, were found to be infected. 1453 parasites belonging to 5 species were found consisting of Trichodina reticulata, unknown protozoan, nematode larvae (in golden grey mullet) and a cestode, Eustrongylides excisus larvae (in Caspian goby). The occurrence of unknown protozoan and nematode larvae in C. aurata and cestode larvae in N. caspius are reported for the first time in Iran. Seasonal variations, the effects of host length, weight and localities on parasite prevalence and mean intensity have been examined during present investigation. Introduction The mugilids are found in freshwater, brackish and marine regions of the world (Özer and Kirka, 2013). They are known to be euryhaline, therefore are mostly coastal marine fishes and fresh water ones are less in number. Golden grey mullet, Chelon aurata (Risso, 1810) feeds on zooplankton, molluscs larvae, other invertebrates, debris, algae and some small aquatics (Fazli et al., 2008). There have been several studies on the parasitic fauna of C. aurata reporting some parasites, including Saccocoelium obesum, Capillaria sp., Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus agilis (in Mitras Lagoon, Sardinia), Trichodina lepsii (at the Black Sea coast of Sinop, Turkey), Ligophorus spp. (in Eratino lagoon of Greece) (Merella and Garippa, 2001; Özer and Öztürk, 2004; Ragias et al., 2005). However, there are no reports on parasites of this fish species in the Caspian Sea. Important species of the family Gobiidae in the *Corresponding author: Masoud Sattari DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/ijab.v5i5.323 E-mail address: msattari@guilan.ac.ir Caspian Sea are Monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis), Caspian goby (Neogobius caspicus), Bighead goby (Ponticola gorlap) and Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) (Daghigh-Roohi and Sattari, 2004). Neogobius caspicus has wide distribution inhabiting close to the beach in shallow waters. They are benthic feeder so that feed mainly on benthic crustaceans such as Cumaceae, Gammaridae and molluscs (Daghigh- Roohi and Sattari, 2004). Parasites of some Gobiids in the southern Caspian Sea, including Eustrongylides excisus, Dichelyne minutus and Corynosomas strumosum, have been reported in recent works (Pazooki and Aghlmandi, 1999; Daghigh-Roohi and Sattari, 2004; Pazooki et al., 2011). As Gobiids are valuable food items for some commercially important fishes such as sturgeons, then they can transmit parasitic infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, intensity and composition of parasitic fauna in 311 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2017) 5(5): 310-320 C. aurata and N. caspicus in the southern Caspian Sea and to determine the influence of seasonal differences, locality, sex, weight and length of host on the prevalence, intensity and composition. Materials and Methods This study was carried out for a time period of one year from October 2015 to September 2016. Three sampling sites in the Guilan Province including Chamkhaleh (station 1: St1; 37°13'44.8"N 50°18' 58.4"E), Kiashahr (station 2: St2; 37°28'8.6"N 49°59' 34.4"E) and Anzali (station 3: St3; 37°29'16.5"N 49°28'35.2"E) were selected. Fish were caught by local fishermen using beach seine net, transported partly alive in tanks and partly as perished specimens in an ice-cooled box. All specimens were left to expire naturally before body dissection. Fish examination and parasite collection: Total length and body weight of fishes were measured and their gender was determined after dissection. A total of 331 specimens of C. aurata and 170 specimens of N. caspius were examined for ecto- and endo-parasites using light microscope and stereoscope. The skin, fins, heart, gills, body cavity and visceral organs, including stomach, intestine, liver, swim bladder and gonads were examined. Parasites counting and also methods of fixation, preservation, slide preparation were performed according to Jalali (1999) and Palm and Caira (2008). All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution, stained with aqueous acetocarmine, dehydrated and mounted in premount. The worms were identified using parasites identification keys (Yamaguti, 1961; Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al., 1962; Moravec, 1994; Jalali, 1999). The parasitolo- gical parameters i.e. prevalence, mean intensity and abundance were calculated according to Bush et al. (1997). The prevalence (%) was calculated as number of hosts infected / number of hosts examined. The mean intensity was calculated as total number of individuals of a particular parasite / number of infected hosts. The mean abundance is total number of individuals of a particular parasite species in a host species / the total number of hosts examined. The dominance of a parasite species was calculated as N/N sum (where N=abundance of a parasite species and N sum=sum of the abundance of all parasite species found) and expressed as a percentage based on Leong and Holmes (1981). Data analysis: The dominance values were used for classification of parasites as: eudominant (>10%), dominant (5.1-10%), subdominant (2.1-5%), recedent (1.1-2%) and subrecedent (<1.0%) of given species (Niedbala and Kasparzak, 1993). Mean intensity of infection and abundances of parasite species (with prevalence >10%) among seasons and sexes were tested by Kruskal-Wallis test (KW, multiple comparisons) and Mann-Whitney U test (MW, pairwise comparisons). Z test was carried out for prevalence comparison between sexes. The results were considered significant at 95% level (P<0.05). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 22 software. Results The examined golden grey mullets were 118.73 g (±25.14, range=38.2-310 g) in weight and 24.38 cm (±1.11, range=15.2-38.5 cm) in total length. The examined Caspian goby were 19.69 g (±1.34, range=10.22-65.21 g) in weight and 10.41 cm (±0.26, range=6.3-18.2 cm) in total length. 1453 individuals of 5 parasite species consisting of two ectoparasites: Trichodina reticulata (Fig. 1) and unknown protozoa (Fig. 2) and three endoparasites: one nematode larvae (Figs. 3, 4) in C. aurata, Eustrongylides excisus larvae (Figs. 5, 6) and one Figure 1. Trichodina reticulata (100X). 312 Mirnategh et al./ Ecto- and endo-parasites in Chelon aurata and Neogobius caspius cestode larvae (Fig. 7) in N. caspius were found. The occurrence of unknown protozoans and nematodes larvae in C. aurata and also cestode larvae in N. caspius were reported for the first time. Prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of the parasites in two fish species are summarized in Tables 1-8. Trichodina reticulata and unknown protozoa had the highest prevalence, mean intensity, abundance and dominance. The eudominant parasites of C. aurata (Table 1) were T. reticulata and unknown protozoa (D=61.3% and 38.04%, respectively). The sub- recedent parasites were nematodes larvae (D=0.59%). The maximum prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of T. reticulata were determined to be in autumn (72.18%, 5.42±1.42, 3.91±1.08) and spring (70.59%, 4.38±1.03, 3.09±0.84) (Table 2). The unknown protozoan parasites were observed only in autumn. There was no significance difference between seasons for parasites occurrence (KW, P>0.05). The abundance of T. reticulata in St2 was higher than other stations, but differences were not significant (KW test, P>0.05), while mean intensity showed a significant relationship between St1 and the other two stations (KW, χ2=8.499, df=2, P<0.05) Figure 2. (A) Unknown protozoa (400X) and (B) Unknown protozoa (1000X). Figure 3. (A) nematode larvae (40X), (B) the anterior of nematode larvae (400X) and (C) the posterior of nematode larvae (100X). Figure 4. Line drawing of the nematode larvae showing cephalic end in Chelon aurata. Parasite Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Dominance Trichodina reticulate (N1=833) 67.05 4.71±1.31 0-14 3.16±0.94 61.3 Unknown protozoa (N1= 517) 3.78 51.7±26.7 9-170 1.96±26.7 38.04 Nematodes larvae (N1= 8) 2 1.6±0.82 1-2 0.02±0.02 0.59 N1=number of parasite, SD=standard deviation Table 1. The prevalence, mean intensity, range, abundance and dominance of some parasites in Chelon aurata (N=331) 313 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2017) 5(5): 310-320 (Table 3). There was no significant difference between abundance, mean intensity of the unknown protozoa and nematode larvae among three regions (KW test, P>0.05). The prevalence of T. reticulata in females was significantly higher than males, while the prevalence of the unknown protozoa in males was significantly higher than females (Z test, P<0.05) (Table 4). The differences between the prevalence of nematodes larvae in females and males were significant (Z test, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between all parasites in terms of mean intensity and abundance (Mann Whitney U test, P>0.05). A total of 95 individuals of 2 parasite species were found in N. caspicus. Of those, E. excisus had the highest prevalence, mean intensity, dominance and abundance (Table 5). The eudominant parasites of N. caspicus were E. excisus (D=96.88%) and the Parasite/ Season Trichodina reticulata Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Unknown protozoa Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Nematodes larvae Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Autumn N=133 72.18 5.42±1.42 0-14 3.91±1.08 7.52 51.7±26.7 9-170 11.24±26.7 0 Winter N=97 58.76 3.59±1.48 0-10 2.14±1.13 0 0.03 1.33±0.68 1-2 0.04±0.05 Spring N=51 70.59 4.38±1.03 0-9 3.09±0.84 0 0.02 2±1.03 2 0.04±0.07 Summer N=50 _ _ 0.02 2±1.03 2 0.04±0.07 SD=standard deviation Table 2. The prevalence, mean intensity, range and abundance of some parasites of Chelon aurata (N=331) in different seasons. Parasite locality Trichodina reticulata Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Unknown protozoa Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Nematode larvae Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Chamkhaleh N=116 66 3.1±1.5 0-10 2.03±1.4 11 51.7±17.66 9-170 5.6±17.66 0 Kiashahr N=107 77 5.3± 1.3 0-14 4.1±1.4 0 0.02 1.5±0.61 1-2 0.03±0.1 Anzali N=108 58 5.9±1.6 0-11 3.4±1.3 0 0.03 1.67±0.67 1-2 0.05±0.11 SD=standard deviation Table 3. The prevalence, mean intensity, range and abundance of some parasites of Chelon aurata (N= 331) in different localities. 314 Mirnategh et al./ Ecto- and endo-parasites in Chelon aurata and Neogobius caspius recedent parasite was cestode larvae (D=1.05%) (Table 5). The cestode larvae was observed only in spring. The abundance of E. excisus in summer was significantly higher than other seasons (KW, χ2=8.586, df=3, P<0.05) (Table 6). The cestode larvae was observed only in St1 (Table 7). The prevalence and abundance of E. excisus in St1 were higher than other stations, but differences were not significant (KW test, P>0.05). The prevalence of cestode larvae and E. excisus larvae in females were significantly higher than males (Z test, P<0.05). Mean intensity and Parasite Sex Trichodina reticulata Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Unknown protozoa Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Nematode larvae Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Male N=225 65.32 4.17±0.97 0-11 2.68±0.42 3.47 6.3± - 13-170 0.22±0.11 1.33 1.33±0.68 1-2 0.02±0.02 Female N=106 70.33 5.78±1.82 0-14 3.66±1.91 1.1 5± - 9-101 0.05±0.03 1.89 2±1.03 2 0.04±0.05 SD=standard deviation Table 4. The prevalence, mean intensity, range and abundance of parasites of males and females Chelon aurata. Parasite Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Dominance Cestode larvae (N1=2) 1.43 2±1.03 2 0.01±0.005 1.05 Eustrongylides excisus (N1= 93) 35.29 1.55±0.35 1-4 0.55±0.14 96.88 N1=number of parasite, SD=standard deviation. Table 5. The prevalence, mean intensity, range, abundance and dominance of some parasites in Neogobius caspicus (N=170). Table 6. The prevalence, mean intensity, range and abundance of some parasites of Neogobius caspicus (N=170) in different seasons. Parasite/ Season Cestode larvae Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Eustrongylides excisus Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Autumn N=26 0 11.54 1.33±0.69 1-2 0.15±0.08 Winter N=30 0 3.3 4±2.07 2 0.13±0.07 Spring N=54 1.85 1 ± 0.52 1 0.02 ± 0.01 18.52 3.6±1.86 1-3 0.67±0.35 Summer N=60 0 21.67 3.92±2.02 1-4 0.85±0.44 SD=standard deviation 315 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2017) 5(5): 310-320 abundance of these parasites in females were higher than males, but differences were not significant (Mann Whitney U test, P>0.05) (Table 8). The results showed a significant positive relation between length and weight of C. aurata and the prevalence of T. reticulata (Fig. 8). There was also a significant positive relation between weight of Table 7. The prevalence, mean intensity, range and abundance of some parasites of Neogobius caspicus (N=170) in different localities. Parasite locality Cestode larvae Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Eustrongylides excisus Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Chamkhaleh N=63 2 1±0.34 1 0.02±0.09 37 1.96±0.9 1-4 0.71±0.6 Kiashahr N=51 0 31 1.44±0.6 1-2 0.45±0.3 Anzali N=56 0 38 1.2±0.3 1-2 0.45±0.2 SD=standard deviation Table 8. The prevalence, mean intensity, range and abundance of some parasites of Neogobius caspicus (N=170) in males and females. Parasite/ Sex Cestode larvae Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Eustrongylides excisus Prevalence (%) Mean±SD Range Abundance±SD Male N= 100 0 21 1.14±0.1 1-2 0.24±0.07 Female N= 70 4 1± - 1 0.05±0.03 54 1.79±0.6 1-4 0.97±0.28 SD=standard deviation Figure 5. (A) The anterior of Eustrongylides excisus (400X) and (B) the posterior of E. excisus (100X). Figure 6. Line drawings of Eustrongylides excisus from Neogobius caspicus. (A) Cephalic end and (B) caudal end. 316 Mirnategh et al./ Ecto- and endo-parasites in Chelon aurata and Neogobius caspius Figure 7. (A) The anterior of cestode larvae (100X) and (B) the posterior of cestode larvae (100X). Figure 8. (a) Relationship between weight and prevalence of Trichodina reticulata in Chelon aurata and (b) relationship between length and prevalence of Trichodina reticulata in Chelon aurata. Figure 9. (a) Relationship between weight and prevalence of unknown protozoa in Chelon aurata and (b) relationship between length and prevalence of unknown protozoa in Chelon aurata. Figure 10. (a) Relationship between weight and infection of nematodes larvae in Chelon aurata and (b) relationship between length and infection of nematodes larvae in Chelon aurata. 317 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2017) 5(5): 310-320 C. aurata and the prevalence of unknown protozoa but no significant relationship was observed by length (Fig. 9). There was also significant relationship between weight of C. aurata and the prevalence of nematode larvae but no relation was found between length and the prevalence of these parasites (Fig. 10). The results also showed a significant relationship between length and weight of N. caspius and the prevalence of cestode larvae (Fig. 11). There were no relationships between length and weight of N. caspius and the prevalence of E. excisus (Fig. 12). Discussion In the present study, T. reticulata, unknown protozoa and nematode larvae were identified in C. aurata. There is one report concerning to infection of C. aurata by parasites in Iran (Taghavi et al., 2012) where four parasites, including Ichthyobodo necator, Ichthyo- phthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp. and S. obseum have been reported. The occurrence of unknown protozoa and nematodes larvae in C. aurata is reported for the first time from Iran. The occurrence of Trichodina sp. has been reported from other fish species in the southern Caspian Sea, including Cyprinus carpio, Blicca bjoerkna and Tinca tinca from Anzali wetland (Sattari, 1996). There were also some reports about occurrence of T. reticulata in Iran (Mokhayer, 1972; Adel et al., 2015; Moghaddam, 2015). Ectoparasites are much affected by water conditions. In contrast, endoparasites need intermediate hosts to complete their life cycle and as a result, their infection process is relatively stable compared to fish ectoparasites (Özer and Krica, 2013). Trichodinids are ciliates belonging to the family Trichodinidae. These ciliates infest many of marine and freshwater fishes in many parts of the world. The genus Trichodina could be found on the gills and body surface (Baker, 2007). In the present study, the prevalence of T. reticulata was highest in Kiashahr (St2, 77%) and lowest in Anzali (St3, 58%). Such variations could be related to the differences in environmental parameters. Female fishes have shown more infestations than the males. This may be related to specific physiological conditions of females. In addition, their increased food intake as a result of eggs development process might have exposed them to more contact with the parasites (Omeji et al., 2011). Similar results were Figure 11. (a) Relationship between weight and infection of cestode larvae in Neogobius caspicus and (b) relationship between length and infection of cestode larvae in Neogobius caspicus. Figure 12. (a) Relationship between weight and infection of Eustrongylides excisus in Neogobius caspicus and (b) relationship between length and infection of Eustrongylides excisus in Neogobius caspicus. 318 Mirnategh et al./ Ecto- and endo-parasites in Chelon aurata and Neogobius caspius obtained by Holden and Reed (1972), Adebanjo (1979) and Emere and Egbe (2006). There was a positive significant relationship between weight and length of C. aurata and prevalence of T. reticulata. Thus, the larger fishes were more sensitive compared to the smaller ones. There is significant relation between weight of C. aurata and the prevalence of nematodes larvae. This could be a result of covering wider areas in search of food by larger fishes (Omeji et al., 2011). As a result, they susceptible to higher contamination through food rather than the smaller ones. Parasites infection in different seasons showed contradictory results. In the present study, there was no significant difference between infections caused by parasites and different seasons. Similar result was obtained by Jerônimo et al. (2011). On the other hand, Chanda et al. (2011) reported that the mortality rate was 100% in fish infected by Ichthyophthiriasis in low temperature, whilst the number was reduced when temperature increased. Majumdar et al. (2013) and Hossain et al. (2008) reported dependence of the protozoan parasites to seasonal changes in temperature. Daghigh-Roohi and Sattari (2004) reported three parasite species from Caspian goby consisting of 2 nematodes (E. excisus and Dichelyne minutus) and one acanthocephalan (C. strumosum). In the present study, two parasites, including one nematode larvae (E. excisus) and one cestode larvae were found in N. caspius, of those, cestode larvae is reported for the first time from this fish in Iran. The genus Eustrongylides (Jägerskiöld, 1909) include three species of E. tubifex, E. ignotus and E. excisus, which are found in the gut of aquatic birds and uses oligochaetes as first intermediate hosts, fish as second intermediate hosts and likely amphibians and reptiles are second intermediate/paratenic hosts (Moravec, 1994; Friend and Franson, 1999; Lezama and Sarabia, 2002). Karmanova (1968) reported the roach (Rutilus rutilus), Bighead goby (Ponticola gorlap) and Round goby (N. melanostomus) as obligatory second intermediate hosts for E. excisus in estuary of the Volga River. Daghigh-Roohi and Sattari (2004) reported Monkey goby (N. fluviatilis) and Caspian goby (N. caspicus) as obligatory second intermediate hosts for E. excisus. This parasite was also reported from fish families such as Acipenseridae, Cyprinidae and certain Gobiidae (Sattari et al., 2003; Pazooki et al., 2011). Dogiel and Bykhovskiy (1939) stated that transmission of E. excisus larvae to acipenserids can lead to severe damages to their muscles. According to Dubinin (1952), E. excisus larvae are very pathogenic for fishes, as a result, Gobiidae are important as their intermediate host. Noteworthy, these larvae are found in the abdominal cavity, ovary, testis, under the skin and between the muscles. In the present study, E. excisus was found in N. caspius with high prevalence, mean intensity and abundance. The occurrence of cestode larvae and E. excisus larvae in females were higher than males which may be related to physiological conditions of females as mentioned in C. aurata. There is a significant difference between the abundance of E. excisus and different seasons which might be due to the ecological and nutritional conditions in different seasons (Reimchen and Nosil, 2001). Furthermore, seasonal pattern varies with water temperature and dissolved oxygen, so that high prevalence of E. excisus may be related to high temperature and low dissolved oxygen. These results are in agreement with findings of Banu et al. (1993), Hossain et al. (1994), Akhter et al. (1997), Chandra et al. (1997) and Steinauer and Font (2003). Acknowledgments We would like to thank the Caspian Sea Basin Research Centre in University of Guilan for their financial supports. References Adebanjo A.O. (1979). A survey of parasites of Clarias lazera in Dundaye area of Rima River, Sokoto, Project, Zoology Unit of Biological Science, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria, (ADM NA2052). 32 p. Adel M., Ghasempour F., Azizi H.R., Shateri M.H., Safian A.R. (2015). 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(2017) 5(5): 310-320 E-ISSN: 2322-5270; P-ISSN: 2383-0956 Journal homepage: www.ij-aquaticbiology.com © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology چکیده فارسی و( Chelon aurata) طالیی کفال ماهی انگلی آلودگی شدت و شیوع میزان خزر دریای جنوبی بخش در( Neogobius caspius) خزری گاوماهی 3، 2*ستاری مسعود ،2، 1پور شعبانی نادر ،1میرناطق باهره سیده .ایران رشت، گیالن، دانشگاه علوم، دانشکده شناسی،زیست وهگر1 .ایران رشت، گیالن، دانشگاه خزر دریای آبی حوضه پژوهشکده دریایی، علوم گروه2 .ایران سرا، صومعه گیالن، دانشگاه طبیعی، منابع دانشکده شیالت، گروه3 چکیده: جنوب در( Neogobius caspius) خزری گاوماهی و (Chelon aurata) طالیی کفال ماهی داخلی و خارجی هایانگل بررسی برای مطالعه این کیاشهر چمخاله، شامل( ایران گیالن، استان) خزر دریای جنوب ساحلی ی منطقه سه در سال یک مدت به بردارینمونه. گرفت صورت خزر دریای قرار آزمایش مورد داخلی و خارجی های انگل بررسی برای سپس شدند، تعیین ماهیان جنس و ثبت سنجیزیست هایویژگی. شد انجام انزلی و . داشتند انگلی آلودگی خزری گاوماهی عدد 170 از( % 35/ 88) نمونه 61 و طالیی کفال ماهی عدد 331 مجموع از( % 31/58) نمونه 158. گرفتند نوزاد و سستود نوزاد و( طالیی کفال در) نماتد نوزاد ناشناخته، پروتوزوآی یک رتیکوالتا، تریکودینا شامل گونه 5 به متعلق انگل 1453 کلی طوربه در ودسست نوزاد و طالیی کفال ماهی در نماتد نوزاد و ناشناخته پروتوزوآی های انگل. شدند یافت( خزری گاوماهی در) اکسیسوس استرونژیلیدس یانگینم و شیوع روی هاایستگاه نیز و میزبان وزن و طول اثرات فصلی، تنوع مطالعه، این در. شوند می گزارش ایران در بار اولین برای خزری گاوماهی .است گرفته قرار بررسی مورد انگل شدت .گاوماهیان ماهیان، کفال داخلی، انگل خارجی، انگل :کلمات کلیدی