# bib

id: ijags-68
author: Hovhannisyan, Gayane S.
title: The Sumgait Massacres: Concerning Their Characteristics and Definitions
date: 2022-12-29
pages: 31
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12890
sentence: 723
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ijags-68.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-68.txt
summary:
  It was obvious from his article that the point of view, according to which Sumgait massacres were an Armenian “plot” to present the Azerbaijanis as killers, had gained firm credibility among the Azerbaijanis.39 Appraisals of the Sumgait massacres within the Armenian reality happened, not because of “orders made to the people from above,” but in accordance with public perceptions The Sumgait Armenian massacres: Azerbaijani characterisations and perceptions The official characteristics made on March 16th, 1988, during a meeting of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist Party concerning the Sumgait massacres had special significance.


id: ijags-67
author: Marutyan, Harutyun T.; Abrahamian, Levon H.
date: 2022-12-29
pages: 63
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14376
sentence: 745
flesch: 63
cache: cache/ijags-67.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-67.txt
title:
  The “Karabakh – Armenia” Theme in the Iconography of Armenian Identity: (Based on posters and banners from the Karabakh Movement)

summary:
  How to cite: Harutyun Marutyan and Levon Abrahamyan, “The “Karabakh – Armenia” Theme in the Iconography of Armenian Identity (Based on Posters and Banners from the Karabakh Movement),” International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 7, no. 2 (2022): 7-68. For the first time, the issue was voiced from such a perspective on 19 March 1988 in a leaflet of the organizational committee of the Karabakh Movement (renamed Armenian Committee of Karabakh Movement since the end of May 1988) under the title of “Our Political Principles” (author: Vazgen Manukyan).


id: ijags-17
author: Demoyan, Hayk
title: Welcome Note
date: 2015-10-14
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 403
sentence: 18
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ijags-17.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-17.txt
summary:
  From this standpoint IJAGS has an important mission to complete having many of our colleagues involved in Genocide studies as brothers in arm in these crucial battles. rst issue of the International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies (IJAGS) was printed we understood the whole seriousness of this undertaking.


id: ijags-31
author: Darbinyan, Asya
date: 2020-11-25
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1204
sentence: 37
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ijags-31.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-31.txt
title:
  Carolyn J. Dean, The Moral Witness: Trials and Testimony after Genocide, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2019, 198 pp.

summary:
  Dean asserts that Jewish witnesses of the Nazi crimes became “a reminder of West- ern murderousness and at the same time an image of Western soul-searching” (130). Emerging in the interwar period, the “moral witness,” according to Caro- lyn Dean, made the crime of genocide legible (2).


id: ijags-63
author: Bjørnlund, Matthias
date: 2022-05-17
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1548
sentence: 49
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ijags-63.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-63.txt
title:
  Bedross Der Matossian, The Horrors of Adana: Revolution and Violence in the Early Twentieth Century, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2022, 343 pp.

summary:
  Der Matossian himself is rather modest about his aims and achievements, but I do not have to be, so here goes: The Horrors of Adana is the first broad, deep, and analytical take on the Adana massacres. To sum up: Der Matossian’s The Horrors of Adana is the book we could have hoped for on the Adana massacres.


id: ijags-13
author: Manukyan, Suren
date: 2014-09-05
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1781
sentence: 63
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ijags-13.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-13.txt
title:
  Wolfgang Gust, ed., The Armenian Genocide: Evidence from the German Foreign Offi ce Archives, 1915-1916 (New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2014), 816 pages.

summary:
  For that reason, alone, this book is highly recommended to those who are serious about attempting to begin to understand the history of Armenian Genocide. 100 To conclude, we should to stress that the book “Armenian genocide, Evidence from the German Foreign Offi ce Archives, 1915-1916” provides a unique, disturbing and close-up view of how German diplomats faced, reacted and accounted the violent annihilation of entire nation.


id: ijags-64
author: Bjørnlund, Matthias
date: 2022-05-17
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2116
sentence: 85
flesch: 58
cache: cache/ijags-64.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-64.txt
title:
  Khatchig Mouradian, The Resistance Network: The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1918, East Lansing: Michigan University Press, 2021, 233 pp.

summary:
  As Mouradian shows, it has many forms other than taking up arms, as desperate Armenians did at locations such as Musa Dagh and Urfa. Truth is precision, and Mouradian, like Der Matossian, goes all the way in his extensive use of archives and a myriad of other sources, with a good and creative use of endnotes, to paint a detailed, nuanced, and vivid picture of the project of destruction, and how that project was met with various forms of local Armenian resistance that accompanied the genocide during all stages.


id: ijags-30
author: Moughalian, Sato
date: 2020-11-25
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2457
sentence: 81
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ijags-30.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-30.txt
title:
  Heghar Zeitlian Watenpaugh, The Missing Pages: The Modern Life of a Medieval Manuscript from Genocide to Justice, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2019, 436 pp.

summary:
  She pays particular homage to art historian Sirarpie Der Ner- cessian, a seminal figure in the establishment of Armenian art history as a discipline, and the scholar who discerned the connection between Toros Roslin’s fractured Canon Tables and the mother manuscript. Watenpaugh is herself a descendant of Armenian Genocide survivors, some of whose ancestors hailed from or passed through regions she describes.


id: ijags-22
author: Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram
date: 2015-10-14
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3509
sentence: 149
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ijags-22.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-22.txt
title:
  Stefan Ihrig, Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination (Cambridge, Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 2014), 320 pages

summary:
  According to memorandum presented by the Armenian delegation at Paris Peace Conference in 1919, 2.026.000 Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire by 1914, out of which 1.403.000 inhabited in the territory of Ottoman Armenia (including Trebizond province and Cilicia), 440.000 in other regions of Asian Turkey, and 183.000 in Constantinople and European Turkey: Why Hitler continued to use the image of Atatürk and his New Turkey even after coming to power?


id: ijags-12
author: Charny, Israel W.
date: 2014-09-05
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3646
sentence: 127
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijags-12.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-12.txt
title:
  Michael M. Gunter, Armenian History and the Question of Genocide (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 195 pages

summary:
  International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) Report Prepared for TARC, The Applicability of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to Events which Occurred during the Early Twentieth Century, Executive Summary of Legal Conclusions (February 10, 2003), available at: http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affi rmation.244/current_category.5/affi rmation_ detail.html International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies: Volume 1, Issue 1 92 doctors at Auschwitz. Now (2011) Special Issue, Armenian Genocide and Co-Victims: Assyrians, Yezidis, Greeks, available at: http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/Home/GPNISSUES/ SpecialIssue5Winter2011.aspx 3.


id: ijags-23
author: Tatoyan, Robert
date: 2015-10-14
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3571
sentence: 119
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ijags-23.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-23.txt
title:
  Fuat Dündar, Crime of Numbers: The Role of Statistics in the Armenian Question (1878–1918) (New Brunswick (USA) and London (UK): Transaction Publishers, 2010), xiv, 238 pages

summary:
  Armenians13 Overall Population Share of Armenian Population, % Edirne (Adrianople) 19,773 631,094 3,1 Ankara 51,576 953,817 5,4 Kastamonu 8,959 767,227 1,1 Konya 12,971 789,308 1,6 Eskişehir 8,592 152,726 5,6 Nigde 4,935 291,117 1,7 Biğa (Kale-i Sultanye) 2,474 165,815 1,5 Of course, it cannot be denied that the Young Turks were attaching much importance to statistical data in organizing extermination of the Ottoman Armenian population. The third chapter (“Crime in Numbers, Counting Armenian Death Toll”, pp. 141-157) of Dündar’s research focuses on the number of the Ottoman Armenian population on the threshold of WWI and counting victim population of the Armenian Genocide.


id: ijags-65
author: Galustyan, Regina; Tatoyan, Robert
date: 2022-05-17
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4594
sentence: 199
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ijags-65.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-65.txt
title:
  Aram Mantashyan, Aram Could Not be Seito. Sokrat Mkrtchyan, Memoirs, eds. Regina Galustyan and Robert Tatoyan, Yerevan: Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, 2022, 163 pp.

summary:
  The forced Islamisation and Turkification of Armenian children (and women) during the Armenian Genocide was one of the methods used to destroy the Armenian nation as such. The forced transfer of Armenian children to the Turkish community was the classic case of the forcible child transfer from a victim’s group to a perpetrator’s.8


id: ijags-26
author: Tatoyan, Robert
date: 2020-11-25
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4834
sentence: 183
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ijags-26.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-26.txt
title:
  WWI Armenian Refugees Census Data as a Source for Ottoman Armenian Population Numbers on the Eve of the Armenian Genocide

summary:
  56 International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies: Volume 5, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0008 turn, the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, body responsible for internal governance of the Ottoman Armenian community (millet), opposed these claims by presenting its own estimates of the number of Ottoman Armenians and the ethnic composition of the vilayets of “Turkish Armenia.” By comparing the Ottoman Armenian population figures provided by the Ottoman government (1914) and those issued by Armenian Patriarchate (1912) prior to WWI, it can be seen that the Armenian patriarchate statistics, compared to that of Ottoman data were about 1.57 times higher.


id: ijags-69
author: Martirosyan, Hayastan A.
title: Azerbaijan’s Policy of Forced Cultural Appropriation after the Second Artsakh War. Case of Dadivank
date: 2022-12-29
pages: 44
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16361
sentence: 632
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ijags-69.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-69.txt
summary:
  One of the first steps taken was the teaching of Azerbaijan history at the Azerbaijan State University (now Baku State University) in the faculty of History during 1940-1941. In any event, some Azerbaijani researchers accept an extreme, materialistic version of Azerbaijan culture, according to which they either reject the presence of non-Turkish culture in their country or consider the whole of it to be Turkish speaking.


id: ijags-28
author: Tigranyan, Hasmik; Gzoyan, Edita
date: 2020-11-25
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5401
sentence: 180
flesch: 36
cache: cache/ijags-28.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-28.txt
title:
  ECHR Retroactive Jurisdiction and the Possibility of Compensations for the Armenian Properties Confiscated during and after the Armenian Genocide: A Brief Analysis

summary:
  In order to deeply understand the nature of continuing violation and apply it to Armenian properties case, this article bellow will present a deep analysis of continuing situations regarding property confiscation generally and the ECtHR practice in this regard. However, situation was completely different on the ground: Armenian properties were sold, auctioned and/or transferred to others, while the govern- ment continued to assure that it was administering the properties in the name of its original owners.4 1


id: ijags-70
author: Sahakyan, Naira E.; Brutian, Anush S.
date: 2022-12-29
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8871
sentence: 474
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ijags-70.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-70.txt
title:
  Islamic Solidarity on Sale: the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict in the context of Azerbaijan’s Nation-Branding Endeavors

summary:
  In January 2017, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev signed an order declaring the year 2017 a Year of Islamic Solidarity.24 “The Order says Azerbaijan was one of the main centres of Islamic Civilization for many centuries. Islam, Azerbaijan, and Islamic Azerbaijan Before focusing on the speeches addressed to the Islamic audiences, we would give a brief historical background of Azerbaijani Islam, given that a significant part of its 10 million population is Muslim.


id: ijags-7
author: Demoyan, Hayk
title: Welcome Note
date: 2014-09-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 377
sentence: 16
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ijags-7.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-7.txt
summary:
  5 WELCOME NOTE Dear reader, We are pleased to introduce you to our inaugural issue of the International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies (IJAGS). At the threshold of the centennial of the Armenian Genocide the publication of this journal can also be conceived as a long term initiative enabling the next generation of genocide scholars to develop new insights and research approaches in the study of all genocides and their consequences.


id: ijags-73
author: Marutyan, Harutyun
title: From the Editor
date: 2022-12-01
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 444
sentence: 17
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ijags-73.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-73.txt
summary:
  Harutyun Marutyan Director of the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Chief Editor of the International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 6 FROM THE EDITOR The conflicts surrounding the safety and security of Artsakh date back more than a century.


id: ijags-6
author: Tonoyan, Artyom
date: 2021-12-06
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1318
sentence: 39
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ijags-6.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-6.txt
title:
  Harutyun Marutyan, Narine Margaryan (eds.), Հայերի փրկության գործը Մերձավոր Արևելքում 1915-1923 թթ., միջազգային գիտաժողովի նյութերի ժողովածու [The Rescue of Armenians in the Middle East in 1915-1923, International Conference Proceedings]

summary:
  Drawing upon similar terminology found in the Yad Vashem memorial’s Righteous Among Nations conceptual approach to the issue as a point of departure, Marutyan distinguishes between rescue qua rescue, i.e. rescue motivated by altruism and for exclusively humanitarian purposes (often risking rescuer’s own life and freedom), and rescue motivated by material gain or attendant “non-humanitarian” motiva- tions. By the latter Marutyan means rescue efforts that were conditional or transactional, i.e. (forced) religious conversions, adoption of children (many of whom would be rescued but lost to Armenian culture), sex slavery, etc.


id: ijags-18
author: Kirakossian, Arman
date: 2015-10-14
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6437
sentence: 271
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijags-18.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-18.txt
title:
  The Extermination of the Armenians and the Concept of Genocide in Contemporary American Encyclopedias

summary:
  The crime committed by the Ottoman authorities towards the Armenian nation fully corresponds to the defi nition of the special convention of UN General Assembly in 1948 “On Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide” according to which “genocide means the acts commit- ted with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.” Desmond M. Tutu, “Foreword: Why is it Important to Learn about the Holocaust and the Genocides of All Peoples,” in Encyclopedia of Genocide, vol.


id: ijags-2
author: Mesropyan, Meline
title: Diana Apcar’s Search for an Armenian Protectorate: Hope and Disappointment
date: 2021-12-06
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7141
sentence: 235
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijags-2.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-2.txt
summary:
  In 1910s the name of the magazine changed from “Armenia” to “The New Armenia.” 22 D. A. Apcar, “America, Armenia Calls to Thee,” Binghamton Press (New York), July 11, 1916; “Table Talk: America, Armenia Calls to Thee,” The Buffalo Commercial (New York), July 13, 1916; “Armenian and Syrian Belief”, The Kenosha Evening News (Wisconsin), Oct 17, 1916; “America! She has spent the last 6 years as a masters and PhD student researching the life and work of Diana Apcar.


id: ijags-36
author: Gzoyan, Edita
title: Genocide Denial under Constitutional Law: Comparative analysis of Spain, Germany and France
date: 2016-11-15
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7675
sentence: 343
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijags-36.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-36.txt
summary:
  Armenian Genocide denial laws should have some connection with the French history, culture, etc. COMPARATIVe ANALYSIS OF SPAIN, GeRMANY AND FRANCe edita Gzoyan PhD in International Relations, LLM Abstract: This article examines Genocide denial under the constitutional law, mainly the conflict between constitutionally protected rights of freedom of speech and dignity/equal- ity.


id: ijags-38
author: Ihrig, Stefan
date: 2016-11-15
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1554
sentence: 51
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijags-38.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-38.txt
title:
  Yetvart Ficiciyan, ed., Der Völkermordan den Armeniernim Spiegel derdeutschsprachigen Tagespresse, 1912–1922. Reviewed by Stefan Ihrig

summary:
  Often Ottoman propaganda was merely reproduced, sometimes German newspapers ventured farther and developed their own anti-Armenian discourse and logic. International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies: Volume 3, Issue 1 102 YeTVART FICICIYAN, eD., DER VöLKERMORDAN DEN ARMENIERNIM SPIEGEL DERDEUTSCHSPRACHIGEN TAGESPRESSE, 1912–1922, BReMeN: DONATVeRLAG, 2015, 447 PAGeS. ISBN 978-3-943425-51-2 Reviewed by Stefan Ihrig University of Haifa The German dimension of the Armenian Genocide has seen important contributions over the last decade.


id: ijags-11
author: Bjørnlund, Matthias; Philipsen, Iben Hendel
date: 2014-09-05
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9036
sentence: 436
flesch: 70
cache: cache/ijags-11.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-11.txt
title:
  Sorrow is Turned to Joy: A Play about the 1909 Adana Massacres, Staged by Armenian Genocide Survivors in Greece

summary:
  A PLAY ABOUT THE 1909 ADANA MASSACRES, STAGED BY ARMENIAN GENOCIDE SURVIVORS IN GREECE 1 Matthias BjØrnlund & Iben Hendel Philipsen Abstract: In April 1924, a group of Armenian women genocide survivors in the care of a Danish missionary organization in Thessaloniki staged a play; Sorrow is Turned to Joy, based on the 1909 Adana massacres. International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies: Volume 1, Issue 1 74 loans offered to Armenian entrepreneurs who wanted to start a small business like a bakery or a shop; distributing bibles in Armenian; running workshops for Armenian women and men to create jobs and produce handicrafts to be sold at bazaars in Denmark; providing homes for the old and the sick; and running a school for boys and girls in grades one to three.


id: ijags-35
author: Low, David
title: The Returning Hero and the Exiled Villain: The Image of the Armenian in Ottoman Society, 1908-1916
date: 2016-11-15
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8978
sentence: 312
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ijags-35.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-35.txt
summary:
  It specifically addresses the manner in which Ottoman Armenians were presented photographically and charts the evolution of images from the time of the revolution to the Armenian Genocide of 1915-16. 1. Donald Bloxham, The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 75-76. 45. 


id: ijags-20
author: Seppälä, Serafim
title: Genocide Descending: Half-Jews in Poland and Half-Armenians in Turkey
date: 2015-10-14
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9503
sentence: 491
flesch: 58
cache: cache/ijags-20.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-20.txt
summary:
  This in turn results in what could be labelled as imagined identities: one may think that he is Armenian even though there are only tiny and fragmentary random parallels with Armenianness as it was before the genocide, or what it would be now without the genocide.30 In a society like Turkey, this may lead into situation in which a half-Armenian pos- sesses only the negative aspects of Armenian identity: the sense of being oppressed and endangered. And as one might expect, things get much more obscure when we turn to the non-genetic factors of Armenian identity.


id: ijags-24
author: Prisac, Lidia
title: Armenian Genocide Survivors: The Strunga Orphanage in Romania
date: 2020-11-25
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9030
sentence: 290
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijags-24.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-24.txt
summary:
  I also appealed for stories from orphans who had been housed in Strunga.5 Being part of the historiography concerning the consequences of the Armenian Geno- cide, my research started from two impulses - the first, the continuing interest and topicality of the subject of the Armenian Genocide, the second determined by the need to outline, at a historiographical discourse level, the subject of the charity work in Romania carried out for the care of Armenian orphans. The American missionary and nurse Emma Darling Cushman, one of its three members, prepared estimates of the numbers of Armenian orphans.


id: ijags-10
author: Marutyan, Harutyun
title: Trauma and Identity: On Structural Particularities of Armenian Genocide and Jewish Holocaust
date: 2014-09-05
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9765
sentence: 396
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ijags-10.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-10.txt
summary:
  To cite this article: Harutyun Marutyan, “Trauma and Identity: On Structural Particularities of Armenian Genocide and Jewish Holocaust,” International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 1:1(2014): 53-69 2.In memory of my teacher Mikhail G. Rabinovich and his wife Elena Poghosian. A Reinterpretation of the Concept of Holocaust,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 3: 2 (1988): 151-69; Robert F. Melson, “The Armenian Genocide as Precursor and Prototype of Twentieth-Century Genocide,” in Is the Holocaust Unique?: Perspectives on Comparative Genocide, edited with an Introduction by Alan S. Rosenbaum, with a foreword by Israel W. Charny (Colorado and Oxford: Westview Press, 1996), 88-93, 97; Vahakn N. Dadrian, “The Comparative Aspects of the Armenian and Jewish Cases of Genocide: A Sociohistorical Perspective,” in Is the Holocaust Unique?, 101-35; Idem, “The Historical and Legal Interconnections Between the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: From Impunity to Retributive Justice,” The Yale Journal of International Law 23: 2 (Summer 1998): 503-59; Tigran Matosyan, Hayots tseghaspanutyun yev hreakan Holoqost: hamematman pordz [Armenian Genocide and Jewish Holocaust: Attempt of Comparison]


id: ijags-62
author: Hofmann, Tessa
date: 2022-05-17
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10368
sentence: 466
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ijags-62.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-62.txt
title:
  Traces Leading to Pontus and the Bosporus: The Ottoman Genocide in German Language (Post) Migrant Prose

summary:
  Keywords: Ottoman Genocide, Post-migrant prose, Post-genocidal prose, intergenerational experience, family novel, travel prose. Tessa Hofmann, Magistra Artium, Prof. h.c., studied philology (Slavic literatures and languages, Armenian Studies) and Sociology at the Freie Universität Berlin (FUB); 1983-2015 research associate at the Institute for Eastern European Studies of the FU Berlin; research associate in international research projects (e.g. “Out-Migration from Armenia and Georgia”, 2008-2012); since 2015 independent scholar; author of numerous publications on the history, culture and present situation of Armenia and its diaspora, on genocide research with a focus on Ottoman genocide, on minorities in Turkey and the South Caucasus (https://independent.academia.edu/TessaHofmann).


id: ijags-19
author: Hofmann, Tessa
date: 2015-10-14
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10882
sentence: 509
flesch: 62
cache: cache/ijags-19.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-19.txt
title:
  “Only Those Who Look Back, Move Forward”: Four Literary Responses to Genocidal Trauma in Greek and Transnational Prose

summary:
  ”19 In the novels of Sotiriou and other Greek authors from Asia Minor, such as Venezis, Myrivilis20 or Kosmas Politis (born Paraskevas Taveloudis, 1888-1974)21, we fi nd, “maybe for the fi rst time in Greek literature, ‘the or dinary Turk’, (…) who is not a conqueror, a person in the service of the ‘state’”; if a literary Turk (or a Greek) behaves cruelly, it is be- cause of war and confl ict.22 Venezis articulates criticism and disdain for those Greeks who work as overseers of their compatriots (chapter 15), but simultaneously un derstanding for the poor soldiers from Anatolia who have to watch the Greek prisoners and are mistreated by their superiors: “How did they differ? Both Venezis’ and Sotiriou’s novels saw Turkish trans- lations, in the case of ‘Matomena Homata’ 16 editions in all.28 The loss of the Anatolian homeland is nevertheless deeply mourned by Greek authors.


id: ijags-45
author: Tatoyan, Robert
title: Sarkis Y. Karayan, Armenians in Ottoman Turkey, 1914: A Geographic and Demographic Gazetteer
date: 2019-12-05
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2641
sentence: 99
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ijags-45.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-45.txt
summary:
  However, the calculation errors mentioned above, as well as others not mentioned, could have an impact on the reliability of Karayan’s estimates for particular provinces that affects his total figure for Ottoman Armenian population. This confusion probably originates from the fact that the Armenian Patriarchate had actually prepared Ottoman Armenian population statistics in 1912, which were partially published by the Ottoman Armenian writer and public figure Grigor Zohrab under the pen name, Marcel Leart in 1913 (see Marcel Leart, La Question Armenienne a La Lumiere des Documents (Paris: 101 Population figures collected by certain individuals concerning specific provinces and published around 1910;


id: ijags-32
author: Manukyan, Suren
title: On the Hierarchy of Perpetrators During the Armenian Genocide
date: 2016-11-15
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11164
sentence: 449
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ijags-32.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-32.txt
summary:
  It is based on his Fulbright research project “The Sociology of Armenian Genocide: Perpetrators, Bystanders, and Rescuers vs. Victims, Survivors, and Betrayers” conducted at the Cen- ter for the Study of Genocide and Human Rights at Rutgers University, New Jersey. [Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire] (Yerevan: “Hayastan”, 1991), 325. 53.


id: ijags-39
author: Seppälä, Serafim
date: 2016-11-15
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4021
sentence: 173
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ijags-39.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-39.txt
title:
  Documentary and Artistic Perspectives on the Armenian Genocide in the Golden Apricot Film Festival. Reviewed by Serafim Seppälä

summary:
  Fortunately, the bloom of genocide films did not end with the centennial year, but a con- siderable amount of interesting new films were presented also during the Golden Apricot festival of 2016.In fact, the number of new genocide-related documentary films remained approximately the same as the year before. Consequently, the captured grandmother never laughed, was never happy, always dressed in black, and never spoke a word about Armenians or Armenian life, but took the secret with her to the grave instead.


id: ijags-16
author: Cukr, Jiří; Jandák, Marek
date: 2020-11-25
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11591
sentence: 433
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ijags-16.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-16.txt
title:
  Karel Hansa: the Czechoslovak Traveller in Syria and Lebanon in 1922 and His Work for the Benefit of Armenian Genocide Survivors

summary:
  Current research on the life and work of Karel Hansa has its roots around 2006, when Hansa’s book Horrors of the East was published in a reprint. no. 93; Hansa, Z potulek Orientem (České Budějov- ice: self-published), 281. 11 Karel Hansa: the Czechoslovak Traveller the doctors (“the butchers” as he called them) telling him there in 1915 that amputation of the hand is necessary; otherwise he will die from blood poisoning.


id: ijags-46
author: Gzoyan, Edita
date: 2019-12-05
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2607
sentence: 88
flesch: 35
cache: cache/ijags-46.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-46.txt
title:
  Ruth Amir, Twentieth Century Forcible Child Transfers. Probing the Boundaries of the Genocide Convention

summary:
  Starting from the mid nineteenth century in Australia, Canada and the United States, indigenous children were transferred from their groups for acculturation.8 During 1920-1970s the Swiss government removed Roma children for the same purpose.9 Starting from 1920s a policy of Russification of indigenous Siberian children was carried out by removing and placing them in distant schools of the Soviet Union.10 Despite being an old phenomenon with many examples in history, forcible child transfer has only recently gained considerable scholarly attention.11 6. But motives behind forcible child transfer are irrelevant in “assessing genocidal culpability,” when forcible child transfer is implemented with the intent to destroy a group.4


id: ijags-1
author: Tatoyan, Robert
date: 2021-12-06
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12962
sentence: 367
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ijags-1.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-1.txt
title:
  The Issues of the Number of Western Armenians and Ethnic Composition of the Population of Western Armenia at Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920)

summary:
  The report said that the study of ethnic elements that constituted the population of Western Armenia was rather a shady business (“greatly beclouded”) con- ditioned by lack of reliable pre-war statistics on Western Armenian vilayets, the deporta- tions and massacres of Armenians, the losses of the Turkish and Kurdish population.91 In their estimations of the number of the population of Western Armenia on the eve of the Armenian Genocide the authors of the report also relied on the data of the above The Population of Asiatic Turkey study of Professor Magie circulated during the Paris Peace Conference by the American delegation. Dr. Robert Tatoyan Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Armenia References to the issues of the number of Western Armenians and the ratio of Armenians to other ethnic groups in Western Armenia on the eve of the Armenian Genocide occupy a special place in the context of processes related to drafting a peace agreement with the Ottoman Empire and Armenia’s delineation after WWI.


id: ijags-33
author: Williams, Timothy
date: 2016-11-15
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12518
sentence: 805
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ijags-33.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-33.txt
title:
  Opportunism, Authority and Ideology: On the Motivations of Turkish Perpetrators as Portrayed in the 1919 War Crimes Trials

summary:
  Finally, this paper will contrast the findings from Armenia with those of other cases in an attempt understand key similarities and differences and some more generalisable implications.2 The contribution of this paper lies not in its in-depth study of specific motivations of the Armenian Genocide, but to draw on new data and combine this with the previous studies on this case as well as other cases to paint a broader picture than has been painted thus far on perpetrator motivations in the Armenian Genocide. On The Motivations of Turkish Perpetrators as Portrayed in The 1919 War Crimes Trials 29 on perpetrator motivations in the Armenian Genocide, but it is an attempt to synthesise the literature as it stands and bring a systematic perspective to this topic.


id: ijags-27
author: Hofmann, Tessa
date: 2020-11-25
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12578
sentence: 491
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijags-27.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-27.txt
title:
  A Hundred Years Ago: The Assassination of Mehmet Talaat (15 March 1921) and the Berlin Criminal Proceedings against Soghomon Tehlirian (2/3 June 1921): Background, Context, Effect

summary:
  Mehmet Talaat: A Genocide Perpetrator Talaat, like many leaders of the Young Turkish Union and Progress Party, originated from the Balkans,21 more precisely from the small town of Karcali (today Bulgaria) in the former Thracian province of Alexandroupolis (Turkish: Edirne). 23 Kieser, Mehmet Talaat, 2. 73 A Hundred Years Ago Although of Pomak24 origin, Talaat, in his memoirs25 written in Berlin in 1919/20, i.e., shortly before his death, “made an almost embarrassingly touching effort to prove his de- scent only from ‘old and genuine’ Turks - testimony to a zeitgeist that made mischief with ethnic descent, namely human appreciation and devaluation.”26


id: ijags-9
author: Jinks, Rebecca
title: Situating Tsitsernakaberd: The Armenian Genocide Museum in a Global Context
date: 2014-09-05
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7655
sentence: 199
flesch: 33
cache: cache/ijags-9.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-9.txt
summary:
  In this article I will set the Armenian Genocide Museum- Institute (AGMI) into the global context of genocide museums, those guardians of memory and meaning.1 Just as comparative historical analysis has enhanced our understanding of both the specifi cities of the Armenian genocide and the phenomenon of genocide more generally,2 so too can a comparative approach to the memorialisation of genocide illuminate how contexts infl uence remembrance and representation, and the processes by which the 1. In the fi rst section of this article, I compare the design of the Tsitsernakaberd memorial complex and the architecture of the museum itself with other genocide museums, and show that in this respect it entirely conforms to global trends.


id: ijags-37
author: Tatoyan, Robert
date: 2016-11-15
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7716
sentence: 277
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ijags-37.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-37.txt
title:
  Stefan Ihrig, Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler. Reviewed by Robert Tatoyan

summary:
  (p. 74) Ihrig notes, that the image of Armenians as “über-Jews” was a result of decades of anti-Armenian discourse in Germany sustained by a whole plethora of characterizations, images, and proverbs copied from modern anti-Semithism. This constant and decades-long cynical use of the life and liberty of a people – and a Christian people – accustomed the German political elite and public to anti-Armenian views and discourses, to a “pragmatic” approach to the Armenian question, and, most crucially in the long run, to a “pragmatic” approach to human rights, life, and liberty more generally.”


id: ijags-55
author: Mirzoyan, Aram
date: 2022-04-05
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2759
sentence: 119
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ijags-55.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-55.txt
title:
  Muriel Mirak-Weiβbach, Retter oder Täter. Ein General zwischen Staatsräson und Moral: Otto Liman von Sanders und der Völkermord an den Armeniern. Bremen, Donat Verlag, 2021, 208 S.

summary:
  The Admiral argued that the general “held practically autocratic power as military dicta- tor” when 300,000 Ottoman Greeks were subjected to deportation and massacre and that he oversaw the expulsion of 1.5 million Armenians and 450,000 Greeks from their homes in 1915.3 It is obvious that more research is necessary to obtain a more objective picture of the role that General Liman von Sanders played in the fate of the Armenian people during the Armenian Genocide. Ein General zwischen Staatsräson und Moral: Otto Liman von Sanders und der Völkermord an den Armeniern.


id: ijags-5
author: Martoyan, Tehmine
date: 2021-12-06
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2732
sentence: 60
flesch: 23
cache: cache/ijags-5.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-5.txt
title:
  Shushan Khachatryan, The Role of Religion in the Realization of the Armenian Genocide, Echmiadzin: Mother See of Holy Echmiadzin publishing house, 2020, 230 pp.

summary:
  The architects of declaration of jihad, as interpreted by the author, were the Young Turk leaders, who were using religious terminology in their calls, citing the Quran, so that the call for jihad would be allowed to the masses and committed under the guise of legitimacy, as per the Islamic law.29 Suggesting to the readers to follow the impacts of the jihadist calls, Khachatryan stated that one of their fi rst effects on the drafted Christian men of the Ottoman Empire appeared in 1914, right after the declaration of jihad, and the later massacres also had their roots in jihad and were connected with the declaration of jihad.30 That, as strongly believed by the author, had theological grounds, and the Turkish Islam had had theological contribution to the atrocities, granting the Turkish and Kurdish religious mob the privilege of massacring the Christians and particularly Armenians.31 As an undeniable presence of the religious factor in the realization of the Armenian Genocide, the author described the manifestations of religious contexts during the assaults. 94 International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies: Volume 6, No. 1, 2021 https://doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0019 well.11 Considering atheism, juxtaposed also with positivism, biological materialism, social darwinism, etc. as the Young Turk “ideological core,” Khachatryan drew the attention of the readers to the anti-Christian worldview of each of them, simultaneously emphasizing the importance of making it a subject of research.12 Within the context of the study reference was made to the issue of conversion of the Armenians during the genocide: “Conversion must be scrutinized through complex and sequential processes – the rite of consecration, the social signifi cance of the converted, and its effects during the Armenian Genocide and later.


id: ijags-53
author: Artinian, Juan Pablo
date: 2022-04-05
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3248
sentence: 119
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ijags-53.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-53.txt
title:
  Between the Local and the Global South: Diaspora’s Politics for the Recognition of the Armenian Genocide in Argentina 1965-2015

summary:
  Keywords: Armenian Genocide, diaspora, recognition of the Armenian Genocide, The review article was submitted on 17.07.2021 and accepted for publication on 30.10.2021. How to Cite: Juan Pablo Artinian, “Everything is Connected to the Genocide,” International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 6, no. 2 (2021): 91-96. 1 92 International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies: Volume 6, No. 2, 2021 https://doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0025 The Armenian Diaspora between the Local and Global The academic production on the Armenian Diaspora in Argentina has been less extensive than the large number of books and articles on other groups that emigrated to the country.2 Narciso Binayan Carmona’s 1974 book, The Armenian Community in Argentina, was one of the first published works that provided a narrative and met some academic standards.


id: ijags-21
author: Sacks, Adam J.
date: 2015-10-14
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15711
sentence: 542
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijags-21.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-21.txt
title:
  “On Ararat Alone, no Arc can be Rest.” Beyond Morgenthau: Jews, Social Democrats, and Jewish Social Democrats: Alliances and Solidarity During the Armenian Genocide Epoch

summary:
  What I seek to demonstrate here is that the plight of the Armenians had been a long-standing concern for German Social Democrats to which they were especially sensi- tive given Imperial Germany’s increasingly close relationship with the Ottoman Empire.27 In its persecution of Jews, it had also distinguished itself, which of course brought it to the particular attention of leading Jewish Social Democrats.


id: ijags-4
author: Chabot, Joceline; Kasparian, Sylvia
date: 2021-12-06
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5802
sentence: 226
flesch: 57
cache: cache/ijags-4.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-4.txt
title:
  “On the High Seas with no Place to Land”: The Smyrnaean Inferno and Humanitarian Aid to Armenian and Greek Refugees from Turkey (1922-1923)

summary:
  Keywords: Humanitarian aid, Near East Relief, American Women’s Hospitals, Smyrna’s catastro- phe, Armenian refugees, Greek refugees The article was submitted on 10.03.2021 and accepted for publication on 29.04.2021. Finally, whether Greek or Armenian, many refugees were simply women and children, all alone, without husbands or fathers: “Native women are afraid of this infl ux of females.


id: ijags-50
author: Grigoryan, Hasmik
date: 2022-04-05
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6791
sentence: 279
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ijags-50.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-50.txt
title:
  Food Procurement Methods during the Armenian Genocide as Expressions of “Unarmed Resistance”: Children’s Experiences

summary:
  Keywords: Armenian Genocide, Holocaust, children, unarmed resistance, food, memoirs, oral histories. The procurement of food and prolongation of physical existence were resistance to the Armenian Genocide and a barrier to achieving the ultimate goal of the perpetrators.


id: ijags-52
author: Marutyan, Harutyun
title: The Local and Global in the Armenian Genocide Memorial
date: 2022-04-05
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5660
sentence: 204
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ijags-52.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-52.txt
summary:
  The names of quite a number of Armenian Genocide victims are known from written and oral sources. The Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute has declared the creation of the online database to be one of its primary projects and, in this way, to attempt to uncover the names of Armenian Genocide victims; in other words, to create a virtual database-memorial with the names of the victims of the Armenian Genocide being recorded.


id: ijags-44
author: Stonehouse, Jeff
title: Delaying Annihilation: Mountains and the Postponement of Massacre
date: 2019-12-05
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7884
sentence: 433
flesch: 58
cache: cache/ijags-44.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-44.txt
summary:
  Even with less than ideal firearms, those conducting mountain resistances may use the terrain to place themselves in a much better position than the approaching enemy. mailto:jeffastonehouse@gmail.com 81 DELAYING ANNIHILATION: MOUNTAINS AND THE POSTPONEMENT OF MASSACRE Jeff Stonehouse “And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed.”


id: ijags-42
author: Marczak, Nikki
title: Transmitted Defiance: Genocide Resistance across Generations of Armenian Women
date: 2019-12-05
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9381
sentence: 451
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ijags-42.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-42.txt
summary:
  Key-words: Armenian Women, Armenian Genocide, resistance, transgenerational trauma, resilience. During and after the genocide, Armenian women resisted: silently, discreetly, but sometimes also loudly and overtly; and often in spiritual or cultural ways.


id: ijags-8
author: Demoyan, Hayk
date: 2014-09-05
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15158
sentence: 755
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ijags-8.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-8.txt
title:
  Patriotism, Competitive Nationalism and Minority’s Successes: Armenian Sports in the Ottoman Empire in the pre-1915 Period

summary:
  In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the growing interest in sports, as well as the formation of Armenian sports clubs proved to be signifi cant amongst the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire. Armenians have not participated in international and local competitions until now, and the reason is neither their feebleness nor the different descent; they were unaware of the existence of similar competitions, and thus they were not ready to get involved.9 Since its inception, Marmnamarz tackled various issues: to promote sport life; to instill interest towards athletics and sports, especially in provincial cities and villages inhabited by Armenians; to keep the public informed about ongoing sport events within and without the Ottoman Empire, as well as to coordinate the activities of Armenian sport clubs and the organization of championships.


id: ijags-49
author: Krzysztan, Bartłomiej
date: 2022-04-05
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13084
sentence: 490
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ijags-49.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-49.txt
title:
  Historical Analogy and Political Continuity as Technologies of Power. The Armenian Genocide and Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Interrelation in the Contemporary Armenian Politics

summary:
  Keywords: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenian Genocide, politics of memory, technologies of power, historical analogies, continuity. In your opinion, has Armenian policy towards the relationship of recognition and commemoration of the Armenian Genocide and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict changed after the change of power in 2018?


id: ijags-60
author: Galustyan, Regina
date: 2022-05-17
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9515
sentence: 328
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ijags-60.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-60.txt
title:
  The Roots of the Racial Nationalism of the Committee of Union and Progress: Ideas, Individuals, Influences

summary:
  A secret oppositional society established in 1865 by a group of Ottoman Turkish intellectuals. The Committee harboured the ideology of Turkish nationalism which was still in the process of being formed.


id: ijags-51
author: Levenson, Lance
date: 2022-04-05
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9587
sentence: 368
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ijags-51.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-51.txt
title:
  “Everything is Connected to the Genocide.” Intergenerational Memory, Diaspora Mobilization, and Armenian Youth Identities in Jerusalem

summary:
  Keywords: intergenerational memory, Armenian Genocide, diaspora mobilization, youth identity, ethnography The article was submitted on 13.07.2021 and accepted for publication on 25.10.2021. Armenian Genocide.


id: ijags-3
author: Khachatryan, Shushan
title: Halide Edip and the Turkification of Armenian Children: Enigmas, Problems and Questions
date: 2021-12-06
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14924
sentence: 538
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ijags-3.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-3.txt
summary:
  55 Shushan Khachatryan: Halide Edip and the Turkifi cation of Armenian Children time, the Young Turk elite, during the years of the realisation of the Armenian Genocide, never showed a negative attitude towards the Adivar couple: if the latter really were saving Armenian children, then that should have been enough for their alienation and the creating of a negative attitude towards them by the elite circle of the ruling party. Halide Edip and the Turkifi cation of Armenian Children 58 International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies: Volume 6, No. 1, 2021 https://doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0008 in Constantinople, then to the Harbiye Mektebi, where thousands of orphans had already been gathered.29 Therefore, one of the above-mentioned questions has been answered by Khoren Glchyan: the selection and transfer of Armenian children was a regular occurrence as shown by the number of children collected there.


id: ijags-40
author: Hofmann, Tessa
title: Syriac Narratives on the Ottoman Genocide in Comparative Perspective
date: 2019-12-05
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 15082
sentence: 642
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ijags-40.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-40.txt
summary:
  On the other hand, the Young Turkish coordinators of this genocide did not intend to convert the Armenians and other Ottoman Christians to Islam, but to destroy them. There he transcribed the notes that he had secretly made and preserved, in constant fear of being discovered during the period of persecution, i.e. from July 17, 1914 until the end of the war.9 In the same year, Armale published, still in fear of persecution, a voluminous book of 504 pages, sub-divided into five parts, as an anonymous eyewitness.10 During the war years and the period of deportation, writing a diary or taking notes was a highly hazardous pastime for Ottoman Christians.


id: ijags-43
author: Bjørnlund, Matthias
title: “If I Die, I Die”: Women Missionary Workers Among Danes, Armenians, and Turks, 1900-1920
date: 2019-12-05
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14493
sentence: 493
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ijags-43.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-43.txt
summary:
  KMA was an organization explicitly founded in the service of sanctity with “women working for women,” as the official motto went, and on the agenda was first and foremost easing the continuing suffering of Ottoman Armenian women and children in the wake of the 1890s massacres during the reign of sultan Abdülhamid II (the Hamidian massacres). The first impression of the suffering of Armenian women – “our sisters” – and children was permanent, inescapable, as expressed in KMA’s very first Flyveblad for Armenien (Leaflet for Armenia) from 1900, a humble, cheap four-page publication: “As women, our hearts are bleeding for our sisters in Armenia.


id: ijags-61
author: Matiossian, Vartan
title: Medz Yeghern, the Silenced Name: Language, Politics, and the Armenian Genocide
date: 2022-05-17
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11535
sentence: 431
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ijags-61.pdf
txt: txt/ijags-61.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Medz Yeghern, genocide, Armenian Genocide, denial, semantics, crime, relation of cause and consequence This article was submitted on 05.04.2022 and accepted for publication on 06.05.2022. Armenian instrumentalization for the goal of recognition has subsumed the generic legal denomination “genocide” into the formula “Armenian Genocide,” which discounts the unique characteristics of the annihilation of 1915.


# url

id: ijags-64
domain: denstorekrig1914-1918.dk
url:
  https://denstorekrig1914-1918.dk/24-juni-1916-ulykkelige-armeniere-boernene-slog-de-ihjel-pigerne-solgte-de/


id: ijags-64
domain: denstorekrig1914-1918.dk
url:
  https://denstorekrig1914-1918.dk/24-juni-1916-ulykkelige-armeniere-boernene-slog-de-ihjel-pigerne-solgte-de


id: ijags-68
domain: www.president.am
url:
  https://www.president.am/en/statementsand-messages/item/2018/01/24/president-serzh-sargsyan-speech-at-the-session-of-the-pace/


id: ijags-68
domain: www.president.am
url:
  https://www.president.am/en/statements-and-messages/item/2018/01/24/president-serzh-sargsyan-speech-at-the-session-of-the-pace


id: ijags-68
domain: www.nytimes.com
url:
  https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/31/world/riot-s-legacy-of-distrust-quietly-stalks-a-soviet-city.html


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/09/06/hate-runs-high-in-soviet-unionsmost-explosive-ethnic-feud/38ac827c-17a0-474c-9647-39189d0415ec/


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/09/06/hate-runs-high-in-soviet-unions-most-explosive-ethnic-feud/38ac827c-17a0-474c-9647-39189d0415ec


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/12/soviet-tanks-troops-said-at-site-of-ethnicviolence/966c8cd2-287b-4972-8bdb-5262c7bf1ce3/


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/16/soviet-tells-of-pogroms-by-rioters-inazerbaijan/56dc16e1-9aeb-40cd-9ffd-0f176a55a223/


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/12/soviet-tanks-troops-said-at-site-of-ethnic-violence/966c8cd2-287b-4972-8bdb-5262c7bf1ce3


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/05/soviets-report-31-killed-in-ethnic%20rioting/e0ba7100-9cf9-492e-9447-02cf9ecf6cd4


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/16/soviet-tells-of-pogroms-by-rioters-in-azerbaijan/56dc16e1-9aeb-40cd-9ffd-0f176a55a223


id: ijags-68
domain: eurlex.europa.eu
url:
  https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/en/txt/pdf/?uri=oj:joc_1991_106_r_0102_01&qid=1547723161105&from=en


id: ijags-68
domain: www.un.org
url:
  https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocitycrimes/doc.1_convention%20on%20the%20prevention%20and%20punishment%20of%20the%20crime%20of%20genocide.pdf


id: ijags-68
domain: www.president.am
url:
  https://www.president.am/en/statements-and-messages/item/2018/01/24/president-serzhsargsyan-speech-at-the-session-of-the-pace/


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/12/soviet-tanks-troops-saidat-site-of-ethnic-violence/966c8cd2-287b-4972-8bdb-5262c7bf1ce3/


id: ijags-68
domain: www.washingtonpost.com
url:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/16/soviet-tells-ofpogroms-by-rioters-in-azerbaijan/56dc16e1-9aeb-40cd-9ffd-0f176a55a223/


id: ijags-67
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  http://www.genocidemuseum.am/arm/24.08.22.php?fbclid=iwar0vm8rmni7lnxdp16bk9jbljktqdqnttgyr5a6va7qbayqumy brqhpemee


id: ijags-69
sid: 322
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  the complex http://anl.az/down/meqale/azerbaycan/2020/dekabr/730852.htm https://www.azernews.az/nation/178639.html


id: ijags-69
sid: 388
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://apa.az/en/xeber/culture-policy/presentation-of-peace-for-culture-global-campaign-held-photo-352409 https://www.azernews.az/culture/180526.html


id: ijags-69
sid: 389
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.azernews.az/culture/181967.html https://icyf-erc.org/press-releases/youth-from-the-united-states-estonia-tunisia-malaysia-and-pakistan-will-travel-to-karabakh/ https://icyf-erc.org/press-releases/youth-from-the-united-states-estonia-tunisia-malaysia-and-pakistan-will-travel-to-karabakh/


id: ijags-69
sid: 404
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  http://mct.gov.az/az/umumi-xeberler/13697 https://menafn.com/1103248039/one-of-positive-impressions-of-azerbaijan-is-its-respect-for-different-cultures-us-ambassador&source=138 https://menafn.com/1103248039/one-of-positive-impressions-of-azerbaijan-is-its-respect-for-different-cultures-us-ambassador&source=138


id: ijags-69
sid: 478
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://bit.ly/3cbzwvk https://www.azernews.az/nation/178639.html https://www.azernews.az/culture/180526.html


id: ijags-69
sid: 530
eid: 2
type: MONEY
entity:
  https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-now-comes-a-karabakh-war-over-cultural-heritage https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-now-comes-a-karabakh-war-over-cultural-heritage http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pp.25 https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/180 https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/180


id: ijags-69
sid: 567
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  http://mct.gov.az/en/common-news/ https://mincom.gov.az/en/view/news/1066/president-of-azerbaijan-ilham-aliyev-addressed-the-nation https://mincom.gov.az/en/view/news/1066/president-of-azerbaijan-ilham-aliyev-addressed-the-nation


id: ijags-69
sid: 601
eid: 2
type: TIME
entity:
  08.02.2022, https://scwra.gov.az/az/view/news/10383/azerbaycan-alban-udi-xristian-dini-icmasi-azadolunmush-erazilerdeki-alban-mebedleri-ile-bagli-beyanat-yayib


id: ijags-69
sid: 614
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://report.az/medeniyyet-siyaseti/alban-dini-mebedlerinin-berpasi-ucun-isci-qrup-yaradilib/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4nsan1yooc


id: ijags-1
sid: 87
eid: 9
type: ORG
entity:
  approximatif des réparations et indemnités pour les dommages subis par la nation arménienne en arménie de turquie et dans la république arménienne du caucase


id: ijags-16
sid: 215
eid: 25
type: FAC
entity:
  https://www.academia.edu/42881210/ birds_nest_on_the_danish_orphanage_for_armenian_genocide_survivors_in_lebanon


id: ijags-42
sid: 73
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.academia.edu/13700380/ imagining_our_foremothers_memory_and_evidence_of_women_victims_and_survivors_of_the_ armenian_genocide_a_dialogue_arlene_avakian_and_hourig_attarian .


id: ijags-42
sid: 78
eid: 1
type: NORP
entity:
  https://www.academia.edu/13700380/imagining_our_foremothers_memory_and_evidence_of_women_victims_and_survivors_of_the_armenian_genocide_a_dialogue_arlene_avakian_and_hourig_attarian https://www.academia.edu/13700380/imagining_our_foremothers_memory_and_evidence_of_women_victims_and_survivors_of_the_armenian_genocide_a_dialogue_arlene_avakian_and_hourig_attarian


id: ijags-42
sid: 115
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  http://asbarez.com/109615/armenian-resistance-to-genocide-an-attempt-to-assesscircumstances-and-outcomes/


id: ijags-42
sid: 121
eid: 1
type: NORP
entity:
  http://asbarez.com/109615/armenian-resistance-to-genocide-an-attempt-to-assess-circumstances-and-outcomes/ http://asbarez.com/109615/armenian-resistance-to-genocide-an-attempt-to-assess-circumstances-and-outcomes/


id: ijags-42
sid: 161
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  http://www.cupblog.org/?p=8066 http://www.cupblog.org/?p=8066 http://vhaonline.usc.edu/viewingpage?testimonyid=56458&returnindex=0


id: ijags-43
sid: 21
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  https://www.academia.edu/18733050/komplet_kilde-_og_litteraturliste_til_matthias_bj%c3%b8rnlund_p%c3%a5_herrens_mark._n%c3%b8dhj%c3%a6lp_mission_og_kvindekamp_under_det_armenske_folkedrab_2015 https://www.academia.edu/18733050/komplet_kilde-_og_litteraturliste_til_matthias_bj%c3%b8rnlund_p%c3%a5_herrens_mark._n%c3%b8dhj%c3%a6lp_mission_og_kvindekamp_under_det_armenske_folkedrab_2015


id: ijags-43
sid: 22
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  http://www.houshamadyan.org/mapottomanempire/vilayetofmamuratulazizharput/harputkaza/religion/missionaries.html international journal


id: ijags-43
sid: 162
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  und gesichter http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1307/origin/170/ http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1307/origin/170/


id: ijags-40
sid: 166
eid: 4
type: FAC
entity:
  http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$alldocs/191504-15-de-002 http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$alldocs/1915-03-13-de-012 http://www.armenocide.net/armenocide/armgende.nsf/$$alldocs/1915-03-13-de-012


# pos

id: ijags-20
sid: 80
tid: 62
pos: NOUN
token:
  armradio.am/en/2016/01/21/armenian-acting-patriarch-comments-on-the-permission-to-hold-massesin-akhtamar-church-more-o

lemma:
  armradio.am/en/2016/01/21/armenian-acting-patriarch-comments-on-the-permission-to-hold-massesin-akhtamar-church-more-o


id: ijags-20
sid: 329
tid: 24
pos: VERB
token:
  http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/cms/news/4799,the-question-all-tourists-ask-how-many-jews-are-there-inpoland-/

lemma:
  http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/cms/news/4799,the-question-all-tourists-ask-how-many-jews-are-there-inpoland-/


id: ijags-20
sid: 400
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/01/21/armenian-acting-patriarch-comments-on-the-permission-to-hold-masses-in-akhtamar-church-more-often/

lemma:
  http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/01/21/armenian-acting-patriarch-comments-on-the-permission-to-hold-masses-in-akhtamar-church-more-often/


id: ijags-20
sid: 427
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/cms/news/4799,the-question-all-tourists-ask-how-many-jews-are-there-in-poland-/

lemma:
  http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/cms/news/4799,the-question-all-tourists-ask-how-many-jews-are-there-in-poland-/


id: ijags-70
sid: 421
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://report.az/en/milli-majlis/milli-majlis-approves-opening-ofembassies-of-azerbaijan-in-israel-albania-and-kenya/.

lemma:
  https://report.az/en/milli-majlis/milli-majlis-approves-opening-ofembassies-of-azerbaijan-in-israel-albania-and-kenya/.


id: ijags-62
sid: 306
tid: 3
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://virtual-genocide-memorial.de/region/the-black-sea-marmara-and-aegean-littorals-eastern-thrace-and-central-anatolia/bursa-prousa-vilayet-province/mutesarifat-izmit/kaza-izmit-nicomedia/

lemma:
  https://virtual-genocide-memorial.de/region/the-black-sea-marmara-and-aegean-littorals-eastern-thrace-and-central-anatolia/bursa-prousa-vilayet-province/mutesarifat-izmit/kaza-izmit-nicomedia/


id: ijags-68
sid: 123
tid: 2
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.president.am/en/statements-and-messages/item/2018/01/24/president-serzh-sargsyan-speech-at-the-session-of-the-pace/

lemma:
  https://www.president.am/en/statements-and-messages/item/2018/01/24/president-serzh-sargsyan-speech-at-the-session-of-the-pace/


id: ijags-68
sid: 164
tid: 3
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/09/06/hate-runs-high-in-soviet-unions-most-explosive-ethnic-feud/38ac827c-17a0-474c-9647-39189d0415ec/

lemma:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/09/06/hate-runs-high-in-soviet-unions-most-explosive-ethnic-feud/38ac827c-17a0-474c-9647-39189d0415ec/


id: ijags-68
sid: 302
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/05/soviets-report-31-killed-in-ethnic%20rioting/e0ba7100-9cf9-492e-9447-02cf9ecf6cd4/

lemma:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/05/soviets-report-31-killed-in-ethnic%20rioting/e0ba7100-9cf9-492e-9447-02cf9ecf6cd4/


id: ijags-68
sid: 302
tid: 3
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/16/soviet-tells-of-pogroms-by-rioters-in-azerbaijan/56dc16e1-9aeb-40cd-9ffd-0f176a55a223/

lemma:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/16/soviet-tells-of-pogroms-by-rioters-in-azerbaijan/56dc16e1-9aeb-40cd-9ffd-0f176a55a223/


id: ijags-68
sid: 549
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.president.am/en/statements-and-messages/item/2018/01/24/president-serzhsargsyan-speech-at-the-session-of-the-pace/.

lemma:
  https://www.president.am/en/statements-and-messages/item/2018/01/24/president-serzhsargsyan-speech-at-the-session-of-the-pace/.


id: ijags-68
sid: 556
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/12/soviet-tanks-troops-saidat-site-of-ethnic-violence/966c8cd2-287b-4972-8bdb-5262c7bf1ce3/.

lemma:
  https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/03/12/soviet-tanks-troops-saidat-site-of-ethnic-violence/966c8cd2-287b-4972-8bdb-5262c7bf1ce3/.


id: ijags-69
sid: 307
tid: 42
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://report.az/en/karabakh/chairman-of-azerbaijan-s-albanian-udi-christian-community-robert-mobilisaid/.

lemma:
  https://report.az/en/karabakh/chairman-of-azerbaijan-s-albanian-udi-christian-community-robert-mobilisaid/.


id: ijags-69
sid: 389
tid: 2
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://icyf-erc.org/press-releases/youth-from-the-united-states-estonia-tunisia-malaysia-and-pakistan-will-travel-to-karabakh/

lemma:
  https://icyf-erc.org/press-releases/youth-from-the-united-states-estonia-tunisia-malaysia-and-pakistan-will-travel-to-karabakh/


id: ijags-69
sid: 469
tid: 18
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://report.az/en/karabakh/chairman-of-azerbaijan-s-albanian-udi-christian-community-robertmobilisaid/

lemma:
  https://report.az/en/karabakh/chairman-of-azerbaijan-s-albanian-udi-christian-community-robertmobilisaid/


id: ijags-69
sid: 470
tid: 29
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://icyf-erc.org/pressreleases/youth-from-the-united-states-estonia-tunisia-malaysia-and-pakistan-will-travel-tokarabakh/

lemma:
  https://icyf-erc.org/pressreleases/youth-from-the-united-states-estonia-tunisia-malaysia-and-pakistan-will-travel-tokarabakh/


id: ijags-52
sid: 152
tid: 19
pos: PROPN
token:
  whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-74th-session-united-nations-general-assembly/

lemma:
  whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-74th-session-united-nations-general-assembly/


id: ijags-44
sid: 330
tid: 28
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/a-very-brief-historyof-the-yazidi-and-what-theyre-up-against/375806/.

lemma:
  https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/a-very-brief-historyof-the-yazidi-and-what-theyre-up-against/375806/.


id: ijags-42
sid: 121
tid: 1
pos: PROPN
token:
  http://asbarez.com/109615/armenian-resistance-to-genocide-an-attempt-to-assess-circumstances-and-outcomes/

lemma:
  http://asbarez.com/109615/armenian-resistance-to-genocide-an-attempt-to-assess-circumstances-and-outcomes/


