item: #1 of 137
          id: ijbf-10882
      author: Bani Atta, Anas Ahmad; Marzuki, Ainulashikin
       title: SELECTIVITY AND MARKET TIMING ABILITY OF MUTUAL FUND HOUSES IN EMERGING COUNTRIES
        date: 2021-01-30
       words: 9892
      flesch: 64
     summary: This section provides the results for the analysis of fund houses’ performance which include fund house managers’ selectivity and timing ability performance. 26 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 16, Number 1 (January) 2021, pp: 21–42 Clare, O’Sullivan, and Sherman (2014) took a sample of US and European mutual funds from 1999 to 2009 to investigate the competitive and strategic behaviours of fund house funds and to ascertain whether both factors determine risk-taking and performance persistence.
    keywords: = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝; finance; fund; journal; market; 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓ℎ,𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡; 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =; 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓,𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =; 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓,𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓,𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡; 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓,𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
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        item: #2 of 137
          id: ijbf-11094
      author: Mohd Aziz, Nor Izzati; Kassim, Salina
       title: INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING TOWARDS INVESTING IN ISLAMIC UNIT TRUSTS AMONGST WOMEN
        date: 2021-01-30
       words: 4422
      flesch: 52
     summary: In a study about investors’ decision in unit trust investment, they seemed to be more influenced by financial status, risk-taking behaviour, and sources of information. An empirical study on the determinants of an investor’s decision in unit trust investment.
    keywords: investing; investment; investors; islamic; risk; trusts; unit; unit trusts; women
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        item: #3 of 137
          id: ijbf-11876
      author: Bakri ,  Mohd Ashari ; Abd Jalil ,  Mohamad Isa ; Hassan ,  Zakiah 
       title:  DIVIDEND POLICY IN MALAYSIA: A COMPARISON OF DETERMINANTS PRE AND POST MALAYSIAN CODE ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 11332
      flesch: 55
     summary: Dividend policy in Malaysia: A comparison of determinants pre and post Malaysian code on corporate governance. The results demonstrated that from seven factors tested only four factors were found to be significant in determining dividend policy in pre-MCCG, and five factors in post MCCG.
    keywords: analysis; cash; data; dividend; dividend policy; effect; firm; flow; mccg; size; study; t =; total
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        item: #4 of 137
          id: ijbf-11887
      author: Khaw, Karren Lee-Hwei; Ni, Toh Jia
       title: FOSSIL FUEL PRICE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION, AND RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
        date: 2021-01-30
       words: 7956
      flesch: 64
     summary: CO2 emissions are another significant reason for these countries to increase renewable energy capacity, which would also mean increasing investment in renewable energy. FOSSIL FUEL PRICE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION, AND RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1Toh Jia Ni & 2Karren Lee-Hwei Khaw Department of Finance and Banking Faculty of Business and Accountancy University of Malaya 2Corresponding author: karren@um.edu.my Received: 3/11/2020 Revised: 11/12/2020 Accepted: 14/12/2020 Published: 30/1/2021 ABSTRACT This paper examined the impact of fossil fuel price and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on renewable energy, using a sample of 14 Asian developing countries from the years 2000 to 2018.
    keywords: capacity; co2; countries; energy; fossil; international
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        item: #5 of 137
          id: ijbf-11901
      author: Ozili, Peterson K
       title: BANK PROFITABILITY DETERMINANTS: COMPARING THE UNITED STATES, NIGERIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
        date: 2021-01-30
       words: 8507
      flesch: 59
     summary: Bank profitability determinants: Comparing the United States, Nigeria and South Africa. Many studies focussed on bank profitability determinants in several contexts (e.g. Athanasoglou et al. (2008); Borio et al. (2017); Zheng et al. (2017); Boungou (2019); Ali and Puah (2018); Batten and Vo (2019) and Huang (2020)).
    keywords: bank; banking; coefficient; cost; determinants; nigeria; profitability; ratio; sector
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        item: #6 of 137
          id: ijbf-11982
      author: Al-Ttaffi, Lutfi Hassen; Abdul-Jabbar, Hijattulah; Bin-Nashwan,  Saeed Awadh  
       title:  THE ROLE OF INCOME TAX SYSTEM STRUCTURE IN TAX NON-COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOUR AMONG SMEs IN YEMEN
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 9143
      flesch: 57
     summary: Table 1 presents the level of the four situations of tax compliance and tax non-compliance of the respondents. From a multi-national perspective, Derwent (2000) examined behaviours of taxpayers from five countries, i.e., Gambia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and USA, and found that the tax rate was a serious challenge facing tax authorities, in terms of its effect on tax compliance.
    keywords: behaviour; compliance; finance; international; journal; non; penalties; study; tax; tax compliance; tax non; tax rate; taxpayers; yemen
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        item: #7 of 137
          id: ijbf-12155
      author: Ozili, Peterson K
       title: FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
        date: 2022-06-27
       words: 8004
      flesch: 50
     summary: Financial inclusion in Nigeria: An overview. 22/4/2021 Published: 27/6/2022 ABSTRACT This paper analyses the level of financial inclusion in Nigeria using data from the global findex indicators.
    keywords: age; categories; formal; growth; inclusion; nigeria; ownership; population; population categories
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        item: #8 of 137
          id: ijbf-12214
      author: Jaidi, Junainah; Wenhao, Miao; Mohidin, Rosle
       title:  BOARD INDEPENDENCE, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA 
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 7445
      flesch: 50
     summary: Empirical studies on firm CSR and firm performance by several scholars have generally shown mixed results. After a robustness check, the empirical results showed that the level of the CSR moderated (reduced) the positive relationship between board independence and firm performance.
    keywords: board; china; csr; directors; finance; firm; governance; independence; journal; number; performance; relationship; responsibility
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        item: #9 of 137
          id: ijbf-12234
      author: Bashir, Rabia; Regupathi ,  Angappan 
       title:  AGGREGATE AND DISAGGREGATE MEASURES OF OPERATING AND NON-OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL INFLUENCE ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA 
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 10156
      flesch: 52
     summary: Crucially, the previous studies have not identified these following areas of concern: (1) whether the disaggregate measures of operating working capital are, or the aggregate measure of operating working capital is, more useful in explaining firm performance, (2) whether non-operating working capital would influence firm performance differently than operating working capital, and (3) whether working capital would affect short-term performance (ROA), long-term performance (TQ), or both. The adjusted R-square was greater for Model 1 (than Model 2), and Model 3 (than Model 4), indicating that the use of the three disaggregate measures of operating working capital was slightly better than the use of the single aggregate measure of operating working capital in explaining firm performance, both for the short-term and long-term.
    keywords: capital; capital management; finance; firm; international; journal; management; operating; performance; study; term; term performance; working
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        item: #10 of 137
          id: ijbf-12644
      author: Hanafi, Ahmad Harith Ashrofie; Md-Rus, Rohani; Taufil Mohd, Kamarun Nisham
       title:  PREDICTING FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN MALAYSIA AND ITS EFFECT ON STOCK RETURNS 
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 12058
      flesch: 55
     summary: As for investors, the results show that investment in financial distress risk firm does not affect returns. The results also showed that financial distress firms tended to have negative SWC, EBITS, NPM, and ICR.
    keywords: distress; distress risk; finance; financial; firm; journal; model; prediction; probability; ratios; results; returns; risk; stock; study; value; variables
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        item: #11 of 137
          id: ijbf-12744
      author:   Song , Saw Imm; Yazi, Erimalida; Morni, Fareiny; Janang ,  Jennifer Tunga 
       title:  COVID-19 AND STOCK RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA 
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 12628
      flesch: 62
     summary: On the other hand, Salisu and Isah (2017) confirmed the existence of a nonlinear relationship between oil prices and stock prices where the relationship is found to be stronger among oil exporting countries and that rising oil prices increase stock returns only when stock markets are bullish while falling oil prices lower stock returns only when stock markets are bearish (Nusair & Al-Khasawneh, 2018). On the other hand, Salisu and Isah (2017) confirmed the existence of a nonlinear relationship between oil prices and stock prices where the relationship is found to be stronger among oil exporting countries and that rising oil prices increase stock returns only when stock markets are bullish while falling oil prices lower stock returns only when stock markets are bearish (Nusair & Al-Khasawneh, 2018).
    keywords: announcement; caar; cases; covid-19; event; impact; july; malaysia; market; mco; number; oil; prices; returns; stock; stock market; stock returns
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        item: #12 of 137
          id: ijbf-13093
      author: Zainol Abidin, Juraini; Abdullah ,  Nur Adiana Hiau ; Khaw ,  Karren Lee-Hwei 
       title:  BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION: SMES IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY 
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 11171
      flesch: 55
     summary: Using a sample of Finnish SMEs, three logistic models were constructed, i.e. financial model, non-financial model and a combined model (financial and non-financial). On average, 39 percent of non-bankrupt SMEs and 32 percent of bankrupt SMEs had female directors in the boardroom.
    keywords: assets; bankruptcy; business; et al; failure; hospitality; journal; logistic; model; percent; ratio; smes; variables; years
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        item: #13 of 137
          id: ijbf-13122
      author: Ozili, Peterson K
       title:  DOES ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY REDUCE FINANCIAL INCLUSION? 
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 14782
      flesch: 69
     summary: They also observed that the use of formal credit was associated with being employed, educated, having a high income, and having a high net-worth. Evans and Alenoghena (2017) tested whether the GDP per capita translated into higher financial inclusion. Does economic policy uncertainty reduce financial inclusion?
    keywords: = adults; bank; credit; epu; epud; inclusion; levels; npl; octa; ratio; services; supply; variables; 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹; 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹
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        item: #14 of 137
          id: ijbf-13612
      author: Chatzinas, Georgios; Papadopoulos, Symeon
       title:  DETERMINANTS OF THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF EUROPEAN FIRMS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF EFSF/ESM FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 13554
      flesch: 63
     summary: The financing behaviour of firms and financial crisis. Finally, as a result of the positive relationship between tax rates and debt tax shield, there would be a positive relationship between tax rates and financial leverage (Modigliani & Miller, 1963).
    keywords: capital; crisis; debt; economic; efsf; esm; financial; firm; impact; leverage; structure; tax; variables; ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖,𝑡𝑡; ∙ 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖,𝑡𝑡
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        item: #15 of 137
          id: ijbf-13697
      author: Zahra, Munazza; Kee , Daisy Mui Hung; Teh ,  Shan Shan ; Paul ,  Gadi Dung 
       title:  PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL IMPACT ON EXTRA ROLE BEHAVIOUR VIA WORK ENGAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE PAKISTANI BANKING SECTOR 
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 8337
      flesch: 49
     summary: Williams and Anderson (1991) provided a more detailed definition, pointing out the OCB was the set of employee behaviours that directly or indirectly contributed to organisational goal accomplishment. Psychological capital impact on extra role behaviour via work engagement: Evidence from the Pakistani banking sector.
    keywords: banking; behaviour; employees; engagement; international; journal; ocbi; ocbo; optimism; psycap; psychological; resilience; role; study; work
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        item: #16 of 137
          id: ijbf-15029
      author: Aqilah, Shafa; Fathoni, Muhammad Anwar 
       title: FACTORS DETERMINING THE USE OF MOBILE BANKING IN INDONESIA
        date: 2023-06-25
       words: 7946
      flesch: 50
     summary: This 32 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 18, Number 2 (July) 2023, pp: 29–52 aspect is very important because it is something that customers need to pay attention to before deciding to use mobile banking services. However, the research conducted by Latif pointed out that the convenience aspect is not part of the reasons for customer decisions to use mobile banking services (Latif, 2017).
    keywords: banking; banking services; credibility; decision; ease; factors; finance; influence; journal; mobile; number; services; study; technology; use; usefulness
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        item: #17 of 137
          id: ijbf-15033
      author: Shittu, Isah ; Abdulkadir, Hannafi
       title: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF COST PER LOAN ASSET RATIO ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREDIT RISK AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
        date: 2023-01-05
       words: 8367
      flesch: 51
     summary: Bank financial profitability has received significant attention from scholars, bank management, supervisors, financial markets, and other stakeholders in different sectors of the economy. Moreover, a one-naira increase in the ratio of LLPs to loans and advances (LAD) will decrease bank performance.
    keywords: asset; banks; cost; credit; journal; loan; loan asset; quality; ratio; risk; roa; study
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        item: #18 of 137
          id: ijbf-15036
      author: Alfi, Coky Fauzi
       title: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND SAVING BEHAVIOUR
        date: 2023-01-05
       words: 14738
      flesch: 60
     summary: Ababio and Mawutor (2015); Kassim et al. (2019); Murdayanti et al. (2020); and Yayeh (2014) applied the probability sampling method, whereas Ismail et al. Ababio and Mawutor (2015); Kassim et al. (2019); Murdayanti et al. (2020); and Yayeh (2014) applied the probability sampling method, whereas Ismail et al.
    keywords: analysis; behaviour; effect; et al; heterogeneity; index; international; journal; meta; model; number; religiosity; saving; size; studies; study; value
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        item: #19 of 137
          id: ijbf-15037
      author: Sahul Hamid, Fazelina ; Md Harizan, Siti Haslina
       title: BEHAVIORAL BIASES AND CREDIT CARD REPAYMENTS AMONG MALAYSIANS
        date: 2023-06-25
       words: 8337
      flesch: 52
     summary: https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/ijbf INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCE 54 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 18, Number 2 (July) 2023, pp: 53–78 Keywords: Credit card repayment, behavioral biases, consumer finance, personal debt. Despite the increasing volume of research on credit card loans in Malaysia, not many of these previous studies have investigated the link between behavioral biases and credit card repayment.
    keywords: banking; biases; card; credit; credit card; finance; international; journal; july; malaysia; minimum; number; repayment; risk; study
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        item: #20 of 137
          id: ijbf-15049
      author: Bashir, Rubina; Azeez, A. A.
       title: RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS OF PAKISTAN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
        date: 2022-06-27
       words: 11229
      flesch: 52
     summary: Banks risk management: A comparison study of UAE national and foreign banks. Bank liquidity risk and monetary policy: Empirical evidence on the impact of Basel III liquidity standards.
    keywords: banking; banks; finance; international; islamic; journal; liquidity risk; management practices; number; pakistan; practices; risk analysis; risk management; vol
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        item: #21 of 137
          id: ijbf-15059
      author: Syed Mohamed, Mohamed Ariff; Zarei, Alireza 
       title: ARE DOMESTIC FIRMS EXPOSED TO SIMILAR CURRENCY RISK AS INTERNATIONAL TRADING FIRMS?
        date: 2022-06-27
       words: 14748
      flesch: 65
     summary: The stock prices of firms exposed directly to the exchange rate risk are evidently affected by currency exchange rate changes, as has been predicted by the Adler-Dumas theorem or Solnik (1974). DATA, VARIABLES, HYPOTHESES AND METHODOLOGY In this section, there will be a description of the research design to study the relationship between currency exchange rate changes and stock returns of Australian firms, with a focus on identifying the exchange rate as a significant factor for both zero-exposed and directly exposed firms transacting in foreign currencies.
    keywords: + 𝑏𝑏𝐼𝐼𝑀𝑀; currency; firms; − 𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓; 𝐷𝐷(𝐻𝐻𝑀𝑀𝐻𝐻; 𝐷𝐷(𝑈𝑈𝑀𝑀𝑆𝑆; 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑅𝑅 𝑆𝑆𝑅𝑅; 𝑅𝑅 =; 𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚 −; 𝑈𝑈𝐷𝐷; 𝑈𝑈𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅; 𝑉𝑉 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑅𝑅; 𝑋𝑋𝑅𝑅; 𝑖𝑖𝑈𝑈. 𝑋𝑋𝑅𝑅; 𝛽𝛽𝑖𝑖
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        item: #22 of 137
          id: ijbf-15060
      author: Alananga, Samwel Sanga
       title: SECTOR LENDING CONCENTRATION AND CREDIT RISK: AN EVALUATION OF LENDER PERCEPTIONS IN TANZANIA
        date: 2022-06-27
       words: 15329
      flesch: 57
     summary: Therefore, assessing the degree of lender LC across customers or sectors is imperative prior to any credit risk management initiative. Beck and de Jonghe (2013) however, suggests that LC causes higher lending risks among Banks.
    keywords: = 𝐼𝐼; bank; concentration; credit; credit risk; finance; journal; lender; lending; npl; plr; relation; risk; sector; tanzania; 𝐴𝐴𝐼𝐼; 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖=1⁄ 𝐼𝐼; 𝑔𝑔 =
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        item: #23 of 137
          id: ijbf-15061
      author: Azman Aziz, Mukhriz Izraf; Azhari, Adilah; Mobin, M Ashraful
       title: DETECTING ASSET PRICE BUBBLES DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM THE STOCK AND OIL MARKET
        date: 2022-06-27
       words: 12740
      flesch: 71
     summary: Keywords: COVID-19, bubble, stock market, oil price, GSADF, financial crisis. The implied volatility of equities and oil rose to crisis levels as stock markets collapsed3.
    keywords: bubbles; covid-19; gsadf; market; oil; oil price; price; stock; stock market; 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴; 𝑃𝑃𝑡𝑡 =; 𝑐𝑐 =; 𝑟𝑟2 =
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        item: #24 of 137
          id: ijbf-15062
      author: Cherif , El Msiyah; Madkour, Jaouad 
       title: DYNAMICS OF THE MOROCCAN INDUSTRY INDICES NETWORK BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
        date: 2023-01-05
       words: 36559
      flesch: 62
     summary: (2014), the present study aims to apply the MST technique directly to industry indices in order to analyse the structural change of the stock market and to identify the key sectors of the Moroccan economy. Let be the number of industry indices studied.
    keywords: dimension 𝑁𝑁; industry indices; 𝑁𝑁 correlation; 𝑁𝑁 nodes; 𝑁𝑁 −; 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 ×; 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁(𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁; 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖=1; 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁(𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 −; 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇; 𝑊𝑊 =
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        item: #25 of 137
          id: ijbf-15063
      author: Ma'aji, Muhammad M.; Shrubsall, Robert  S.; Anderson, Ediri O
       title: DETERMINANTS OF SME SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN FRONTIER MARKETS
        date: 2023-01-05
       words: 11219
      flesch: 52
     summary: Therefore, this section provides a review of the related underlying theory used in selecting the predictors, existing empirical literature on SME business failure, and the commonly used statistical methods to predict business failure. Keywords: Business failure, business success, logistic regression, resource-based theory, SMEs.
    keywords: banking; business; cambodia; failure; finance; international; january; journal; lussier; management; model; number; percent; skills; smes; study; success; variables; vol
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        item: #26 of 137
          id: ijbf-15064
      author: Sa’ad, Hamid Njiddah ; Abubakar, Zaid ; Salami, Suleiman
       title: ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM AND CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE
        date: 2023-01-05
       words: 6880
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is recommended that the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria should encourage promulgation of standards which improve conservatism in financial reporting, as it has been empirically proven to reduce tax avoidance practices by non-financial firms in Nigeria. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/ijbf INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCE 52 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 18, Number 1 (January) 2023, pp: 51–66 Keywords: Accounting conservatism, tax avoidance, book tax difference, effective tax rates. Tax avoidance will ultimately lower government revenue and subsequently have a negative impact, especially on the fragile Nigerian economy which is just on the road to recovery from a recession.
    keywords: accounting; avoidance; conservatism; firm; study; tax; tax avoidance; total; year
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        item: #27 of 137
          id: ijbf-15367
      author: Charoenwong, Charlie; Ding, David K.; Pan, Jing
       title: INSIDER TRADING AND CORPORATE SPINOFFS
        date: 2023-06-25
       words: 10550
      flesch: 63
     summary: In addition, a strong relation between insider trading prior to a spinoff announcement and improvements in the long-run performance of spinoff firms is expected. Furthermore, announcement period excess returns for abnormal net insider purchases are significantly higher than excess returns for abnormal net insider sales.
    keywords: announcement; firm; insider; matching; median; purchases; sales; sample; spinoff; trading
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        item: #28 of 137
          id: ijbf-17155
      author: Enow, Samuel Tabot
       title: VOLATILITY PERSISTENCE IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS IN THE POST COVID-19 ERA
        date: 2023-06-25
       words: 6714
      flesch: 59
     summary: These actions were partly to curb financial market volatility and help ensure price stability. Macro-economic uncertainty is another factor that influences financial market volatility.
    keywords: = arch; = error; = lag; error term; term; volatility; α =; ϕ =; 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎; 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡; 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−12 =; 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌11
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        item: #29 of 137
          id: ijbf-7259
      author: Kamaruddin, Muhammad Iqmal Hisham; Auzair, Sofiah Md
       title: Accountability in Malaysian Islamic Social Enterprises (ISEs): Stakeholder Versus Management Perspectives
        date: 2020-07-31
       words: 5769
      flesch: 34
     summary: Besides, as an Islamic organisation, ISE accountability must also encompass Islamic accountability dimensions in addition to existing conventional accountability dimensions. Meanwhile, defining ISE accountability indicators is complex and challenging.
    keywords: accountability; ise; ise management; ise stakeholders; ises; islamic; management; objectives; practices; stakeholders
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        item: #30 of 137
          id: ijbf-7438
      author: Ibrahim, Haslindar; Zulkafli, Abdul Hadi; Jabeen, Gul
       title: Board Education, Growth and Performance of Family CEO Listed Firms in Malaysia
        date: 2020-07-31
       words: 10366
      flesch: 56
     summary: Only 37 companies from the list were family firms, out of which only 21 companies were identified as family CEO firms and 16 companies as non-family CEO firms. In addition, this study also found board professional qualifications as significant but negatively related to external firm performance in family CEO firms.
    keywords: assets; board; ceo; ceo firms; data; family; family ceo; family firms; firms; growth; journal; ownership; performance; qualifications; size; study
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        item: #31 of 137
          id: ijbf-8357
      author: M, Shamsher; H., Taufiq
       title: Asian Derivative Markets: Research Issues
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 9721
      flesch: 50
     summary: In addition, there are other barriers to reintroduce financial futures market in China. Commodity futures markets also developed in parallel that was needed for the management of price changes in commodities heavily demanded in industrial economies of the last century.
    keywords: banking; china; commodity; commodity futures; contracts; derivative; exchange; finance; futures; futures market; futures trading; hong; international; journal; kong; market; risk; trading; volume
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        item: #32 of 137
          id: ijbf-8358
      author: Ngo, Phong T. H.
       title: International Prudential Regulation, Regulatory Risk and Cost of Bank Capital
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 13361
      flesch: 49
     summary: Much of the earlier, theoretical work in bank capital was partial equilibrium and took the cost of bank equity capital as exogenous. It should be noted that in this paper, the focus is on the cost of bank equity capital leaving aside considerations of the cost of debt capital.
    keywords: bank; banking; capital; consumers; cost; countries; country; equity; finance; international; journal; liquidity; new; risk; shareholders
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        item: #33 of 137
          id: ijbf-8359
      author: Mazouz, Khelifa
       title: New Evidence on the Effect of Cboe Options Listing on the Volatility of New York Listed Stocks
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 10763
      flesch: 53
     summary: In a complete market – with trivial transaction costs and trading constraints – stock options are regarded as redundant securities, as their payoffs can be synthesised by combining a position in the underlying stock with risk-free lending or borrowing.2 However, in the real world, where dynamic trading strategies replicating option payoffs are infinitely costly, introducing options can be useful in attaining efficiency in competitive equilibrium by expanding the set of contingencies covered by marketed assets (Ross, 1976). The non-uniform effect of options listing According to Ma and Rao (1988), listing stock options do not have a uniform impact on the volatility of the underlying security.
    keywords: change; control; market; options listing; results; return variance; sample; stocks; variance; volatility
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        item: #34 of 137
          id: ijbf-8360
      author: Yoon, Chung-Sin; Ariff, Mohamed
       title: Corporate Spin-Offs, Their Price Reactions and Determinants in Malaysia
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 10659
      flesch: 54
     summary: Except for the Age variable, where the Kurtosis value is very large and the Jarque-Bera test The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 5.(Number 1): 2007: 83-11398 Table 4: Descriptive statistics of focus, tax, market capitalization and age Table 5: Statistics on variables regressed against the CAR of parent companies 99The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 5.(Number 1): 2007: 83-113 value is small, the statistics for all other variables show normal distribution of the data set. Large firms are more Table 6: Statistics on variables regressed against the CAR of parent companies 101The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 5.(Number 1): 2007: 83-113 likely to have additional information reported in the form of interim financial reports, analyst forecasts, industry forecasts, management forecasts and even litigation.
    keywords: banking; companies; company; event; finance; firms; international; journal; market; offs; parent; price; returns; spin; tax; vol
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        item: #35 of 137
          id: ijbf-8361
      author: Montgomery, Heather
       title: The Effectiveness of Bank Recapitalization in Japan
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 7650
      flesch: 53
     summary: Watanabe (2004) applies this finding by using the shift in bank lending to the real estate sector as an instrumental variable for bank capital. Do negative shocks to bank capital cause flight to quality? : evidence from the Japanese financial crisis.
    keywords: assets; bank; banking; capital; credit; finance; financial; injections; international; japan; journal; lending; loans; ratio; regional; total; vol
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        item: #36 of 137
          id: ijbf-8362
      author: Ahmad, Nor Hayati; Ariff, Mohamed
       title: Multi-Country Study of Bank Credit Risk Determinants
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 6193
      flesch: 51
     summary: Studies on bank credit risk are mostly in a single country setting; secondly, much attention is directed to developed country banks. The findings in several studies lend support to the theory that changes in international and national macroeconomic variables, which are systematic in nature, and a set of unsystematic bank-specific factors influence the formation of bank credit risk (see Demirguc- Kunt, 1989; Corsetti, Pesenti and Roubini, 1998; Neal, 1996; Ariff and Marisetty, 2001, Bikker and Metzemakers, 2004; Cebenoyan and Strahan, 2004, and Kraft and Jankov, 2005).
    keywords: assets; banking; banks; capital; credit; credit risk; determinants; finance; international; journal; loan; risk
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        item: #37 of 137
          id: ijbf-8364
      author: Chukwuogor-Ndu, Chiaku
       title: Day-of-the-Week Effect and Volatility in Stock Returns: Evidence From East Asian Financial Markets
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 3926
      flesch: 59
     summary: Turning now to Asian markets, the-day-of-the-week effect on stock has also been evidenced in several Asian stock markets before the Asian financial crisis, 1997. Day-of the week effects: evidence from developing stock markets, Applied Financial Economics 2: 49-56.
    keywords: crisis; day; effect; markets; returns; stock; week
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        item: #38 of 137
          id: ijbf-8365
      author: Wonglimpiyarat, Jarunee
       title: Thai Banking: A Note on Technological Change and Technological Capabilities
        date: 2008-03-04
       words: 8094
      flesch: 41
     summary: • To test the concepts of technological learning and the technological regime as in Buzzacchi applied to the case of Thai banking. Technological learning seems to have a close relationship with organisational learning.
    keywords: automation; automation regime; bank; banking; capabilities; change; knowledge; learning; new; regime; technology; thai
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        item: #39 of 137
          id: ijbf-8366
      author: Nasser, Tareque; Gup, Benton E.
       title: Insider Trading and Large Chapter 11 Bankruptcies in Usa
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 12436
      flesch: 62
     summary: Insider trading is one aspect of corporate governance highlighted in these cases. In this paper, we explore insider trading of large Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing firms during the twelve-year period of 1995-2006.
    keywords: 2007/08; banking; bankruptcy; control; control firms; data; filing; finance; firms; inc; information; insider trading; insiders; international; journal; net; number; purchase; test; trading; vol
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        item: #40 of 137
          id: ijbf-8367
      author: Cowan, Adrian M.; Cowan, Charles D.
       title: The Dynamics of Credit Quality and Implications for The Pricing of Small Business Loans
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 13350
      flesch: 57
     summary: Monitoring and reputation: The choice between bank loans and directly placed debt. There seemingly is no incentive for relationship lending to higher credit quality borrowers, although this is only true for one time period.
    keywords: banking; banks; borrower; business; credit; journal; lending; loan; model; quality; relational; relationship; time; transactional
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        item: #41 of 137
          id: ijbf-8368
      author: Arsiraphongphisit, Oraluck
       title: The Information Conveyed by Debt and Equity Announcements in Australia
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 11253
      flesch: 56
     summary: As a result, share market participants interpret debt issues as favourable news and react positively to debt announcements. The positive share price reactions resulting from straight debt issue announcements in this study are consistent with the agency hypothesis, including the free cash flow and wealth transfer hypotheses, and the asymmetric information model, as discussed in the previous sections.
    keywords: announcements; debt; equity; event; finance; firm; information; issues; journal; market; number; period; price; rights; share; study; tax
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        item: #42 of 137
          id: ijbf-8369
      author: Marshall, Brooks; Michael, Timothy B.; Maloney, David M.; Damanpour, Faramarz
       title: How Defined, Benefit Pension Assets Affect the Returns and Volatility of the Sponsor’s Stock
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 5494
      flesch: 56
     summary: Literature Review Successfully “removing” the return on pension assets from market returns depends upon whether and how the market impounds pension returns in equity valuation. For firms with some prospect of other claimants on pension assets, the model would be modified to estimate the likelihood of diminished impact of pension returns on stock returns.
    keywords: assets; core; firm; market; pension; pension assets; pension returns; returns; stock
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        item: #43 of 137
          id: ijbf-8370
      author: Priftakis, Panos; Bhatti, M. Ishaq
       title: A Note on ‘What Drives Share Prices in the Middle East?’
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 3497
      flesch: 60
     summary: Although there has been little done relating the relationship between oil price and the stock market index, it is yet uncertain, in fact unproven, if oil prices contribute to the movements of the stock markets in an important way. Thus three of the five markets exhibited behavior that led us to conclude that there is relationship between oil prices and stock market prices: only for two countries there is a relationship.
    keywords: countries; market; oil; oil prices; prices; stock; stock market
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        item: #44 of 137
          id: ijbf-8371
      author: Chotigeat, Tosporn
       title: Efficiency of Domestic and Foreign Banks in Thailand Since the Asian Financial Crisis
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 4446
      flesch: 54
     summary: Two potential measures of bank performance are return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Similar studies of international banks have used five variables (total assets, efficiency ratio, Tier1 capital ratio, loan loss provisions, and non-interest income) to explain bank performance, as noted by the likes of Allen and Raj (1996), Kim and Singer (1997), and Brimmer (1998).
    keywords: banking; banks; efficiency; finance; foreign; loan; loss; performance; thailand
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        item: #45 of 137
          id: ijbf-8372
      author: Bacha, Obiyathulla I.; S. A. Rashid, Mohamed Eskandar; Ramlee, Roslily
       title: The Efficiency of Trading Halts: Emerging Market Evidence
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 9768
      flesch: 64
     summary: Number 2: 2008: 125-148 125 THE EFFICIENCY OF TRADING HALTS: EMERGING MARKET EVIDENCE Obiyathulla I. Bacha, Mohamed Eskandar S. A. Rashid and Roslily Ramlee Internacional Islamic University Malaysia Abstract This paper reports new findings on the price effect from trading halts - both voluntary and mandatory - over 2000-04 in an emerging share market, Malaysia. The efficiency of trading halts: Emerging market evidence The International Journal of Banking and Finance, 2007/08 Vol. 5.
    keywords: day; duration; halt; mandatory; news; period; post; price; results; sample; trading; volatility; volume
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        item: #46 of 137
          id: ijbf-8373
      author: Sufian, Fadzlan
       title: The Efficiency of Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia
        date: 2008-08-18
       words: 7848
      flesch: 51
     summary: The empirical findings suggest that scale efficiency tends to be more sensitive to the exclusion of risk factors, implying that potential economies of scale may be overestimated when risk factors are excluded. 4. Results In this section, we will discuss the technical efficiency change (TE) of the Malaysian NBFI sector, measured by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, along with its decomposition into pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) components.
    keywords: banks; crs; crs crs; drs drs; efficiency; fc drs; finance; merchant; model; panel; scale
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        item: #47 of 137
          id: ijbf-8379
      author: Zaman, M. Raquibuz
       title: Usury (Riba) and the Place of Bank Interest in Islamic Banking and Finance
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 7372
      flesch: 62
     summary: Usury (Riba) and the place of bank interest in Islamic banking and finance The International Journal of Banking and Finance, 2008/09 Vol. 6. International Journal of Banking and Finance 9-1-2008 Usury (Riba) and the place of bank interest in Islamic banking and finance M. Raquibuz Zaman Recommended Citation
    keywords: banking; banks; finance; ibfi; institutions; interest; international; islamic; journal; loan; muslim; riba; usury; vol
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        item: #48 of 137
          id: ijbf-8380
      author: Cho, J. H.; Parhizgari, Ali M.
       title: East Asian Financial Contagion under DCC-Garch
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 5879
      flesch: 67
     summary: Financial contagion and the role of the central bank, Journal of Banking and Finance 3/1, 81-101. Some contagion, some interdependence: More pitfalls in tests of financial contagion, Journal of International Money and Finance, 24/8, 1177-99 Darbar, Salim M. and Partha Deb, 1997.
    keywords: contagion; correlation; dcc; source; t t
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        item: #49 of 137
          id: ijbf-8381
      author: Doffou, Ako
       title: Estimating the Early Exercise Premium of American Put Index Options
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 7422
      flesch: 54
     summary: Number 1: 2008: 31-47 Under the null hypothesis that the model-predicted early exercise premium perfectly forecasts the true market value of early exercise premium, the intercept coefficient, λ 1 , should equal zero and the slope coefficient, λ 2 , should equal one. 3.2 Carr, Jarrow and Myneni Model and Tests The Carr, Jarrow, and Myneni (1992) model or CJM model shows the early exercise premium as an exact solution to the Black-Scholes or BS model American put option price with moving boundary conditions as opposed to the approximation approach of the MBAW model. They also tested the Geske and Johnson (1984) American option pricing model by regressing observed early exercise premium over model predicted early exercise premium.
    keywords: american; exercise premium; market; model; money; option; price; value
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        item: #50 of 137
          id: ijbf-8382
      author: J. French, Joseph
       title: Empirical Determinants of US Equity Flows to Developed Countries: Does Valuation Matter?
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 8338
      flesch: 54
     summary: This paper also finds that equity flows increase sharply with US equity market valuations. In the traditional literature on the determinants of equity flows for a broad cross-section of countries, the role of equity market valuation has only been considered peripherally.
    keywords: countries; country; data; effects; equity; equity flows; flows; international; journal; market; price; rates; stock; valuation
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        item: #51 of 137
          id: ijbf-8383
      author: Verma, Rahul
       title: Rational Expectations, Irrational Exuberance: Linkage between U.S. Investors and Pacific-Basin Stock Returns
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 11798
      flesch: 73
     summary: These results are consistent with the view that international effects of the U.S. market can be attributed to rational investor sentiments. These results are consistent with the view that besides economic fundamentals, the international effects of the U.S. stock market can be attributed to rational investor sentiments.
    keywords: e n; l s; n d; n s; n t; o n; o r; p o; r e; r s; s e; s o; t o; t s
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        item: #52 of 137
          id: ijbf-8384
      author: Gronewold, Nicolaas; Peng, Jiangang; Li, Guanzheng; Fan, Xiangmei
       title: Financial Liberalization or Financial Development? Tests Using Delphi-Based Index Ofliberalization
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 9758
      flesch: 42
     summary: Keywords: financial liberalisation, financial development, economic growth JEL classification: G18, O16, O43, O53 1. Thus, on the whole, the finance-growth literature has used measures of financial development rather than of financial liberalisation.
    keywords: bank; banking; china; development; economic; exchange; finance; growth; journal; liberalisation; measures; policy; reform; stock; system
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        item: #53 of 137
          id: ijbf-8385
      author: Hooy, Chee-wooi; Goh, Kim-leng
       title: International Asset Pricing Models: The Case of ASEAN Stock Markets
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 8818
      flesch: 73
     summary: International asset pricing models: The case of ASEAN stock markets The International Journal of Banking and Finance, 2008/09 Vol. 6. International Journal of Banking and Finance 9-1-2008 International asset pricing models: The case of ASEAN stock markets Chee-Wooi Hooy Kim-Leng Goh Recommended Citation
    keywords: capm; factor; grouping; international; journal; market; model; vol; world
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        item: #54 of 137
          id: ijbf-8386
      author: S. Michael, Timothy
       title: An Empirical Investigation of New Bond Issue Yield Spreads, Default Risk and Split Ratings
        date: 2009-03-17
       words: 9604
      flesch: 58
     summary: The default risk literature provides evidence that credit rating categories are significantly related to new issue yields. 3 Kidwell, Marr and Ogden (1989) indicate that new issue yields should not reflect any differences in price due to different coupon rates on the compared securities because most issues are priced close to par at issue.
    keywords: aaa; bond; class; index; issue; journal; maturity; model; moody; new; number; rating; split; term; yield
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        item: #55 of 137
          id: ijbf-8387
      author: Moosa, Imad; Li, Larry
       title: Modelling the Behaviour of Technicians and Fundamentalists in the Shanghai Stock Market
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 14206
      flesch: 66
     summary: As De Long et al. (1990) have shown, the behaviour of noise traders is typically unpredictable, and it can lead to a large divergence between market prices and fundamental values. Moreover, these investors appear to judge uncertain events based on their experience, which may generate representiveness bias and lead to signifi cant divergence of market prices from the fundamental values of stocks.
    keywords: behaviour; fundamentalists; ijb; market; model; modelling; price; role; shanghai; stock; technicians
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        item: #56 of 137
          id: ijbf-8388
      author: Kassim, Salina; A. Majid, M. Shabri
       title: The Role of Bank Loans and Deposits in the Monetary Transmission Mechanism In Malaysia
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 11321
      flesch: 68
     summary: B. Empirical Framework ARDL Bound Testing Approach The long-run dynamic relationships between monetary policy variables and bank balance sheet items are estimated by using the newly proposed ARDL bound testing approach: Pesaran et al. In the context of this study, we highlight the signifi cant and positive effect of monetary policy variable, the overnight interest rate, on deposits in the long run.
    keywords: bank; crisis; deposits; economic; loan; malaysia; monetary; period; policy; response; role; signifi; transmission; variables
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        item: #57 of 137
          id: ijbf-8389
      author: K. Krawczyk, Mariusz
       title: Monetary Integration in East Asia: Why Does it Take so Long?
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 6708
      flesch: 54
     summary: Other initiatives include a bilateral swap arrangement (Chiang Mai Initiative) in May, 2000, establishing an inter-governmental East Asia Study Group or the non-government East Asia Vision Group (both agreed at the November, 2000 ht tp :// ijb f.u um .e Mariusz K. Krawczyk Ryukoku University, Japan Abstract The launch of the economic and monetary union in Europe and the 1997 fi nancial crisis that underscored the disadvantages of currently employed exchange rate regimes raised questions about the feasibility of a similar monetary unifi cation project for East Asia.
    keywords: asia; currency; east; east asia; economic; exchange; integration; monetary; policy; rate; region; trade; union
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        item: #58 of 137
          id: ijbf-8390
      author: Arugaslan, Onur; Samant, Ajay
       title: Risk-Adjusted Returns of American Depositary Receipts on Chinese and Indian Stocks
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 7674
      flesch: 61
     summary: Jensen (1968) devised a method of determining whether the deviation of portfolio returns from market returns was statistically signifi cant, and, therefore, determining whether the excess return could be attributed to superior management, or purely to chance. International listings and stock returns: Some empirical evidence.
    keywords: adrs; american; china; chinese; depositary; indian; performance; receipts; returns; risk
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        item: #59 of 137
          id: ijbf-8391
      author: S. F. Ho, Catherine
       title: Exchange Rate Behaviour of East European Transitional Economies
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 7278
      flesch: 66
     summary: In relation to trade and capital fl ows, international reserves act as a mean to defend a country’s currency and provides credibility to currency value and therefore is another factor affecting exchange rate determination.6 On the part of the government management, Calvo, Leiderman and Reinhart (1994) on Latin American countries, and Marini and Piersanti’s (2003) study covering Asian countries found that a rise in current and expected future budget defi cits generated appreciation in exchange rates. 6. Conclusion The results presented in this paper constitute a modest contribution to extend the literature on exchange rate behaviour for the region of trade-related transition economies in Eastern Europe by considering the extent to which parity and non- parity variables infl uence the movements of exchange rates systematically.
    keywords: countries; data; economics; european; exchange; gdp; interest; international; journal; parity; rate; trade
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        item: #60 of 137
          id: ijbf-8392
      author: Nee, Chong Fen; Ali, Ruhani; Ahmad, Zamri
       title: Does Noise Signal Affect Flipping Activities?
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 7726
      flesch: 59
     summary: These fi ndings have falsifi ed the claim of EMH believers – as far as new issues market is concerned - who argue that fi nancial markets are effi cient because misinformed noise traders can have little infl uence on asset prices in equilibrium. Brown (1999) extended noise trading study to the closed-end investment funds in the U.S. market.
    keywords: activities; investors; ipping; issues; journal; market; new; noise; ratio; signal; traders; trading
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        item: #61 of 137
          id: ijbf-8393
      author: M. Shamsuddin, Abul F.
       title: Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Risk Exposures of Australian Banks: A Note
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 4968
      flesch: 64
     summary: Their results confi rmed that a depreciation of foreign currencies negatively infl uenced bank stock returns 2 Indeed, a later study (Dennis and Jeffrey, 2002) documented signifi cant structural changes in Australian bank risk over the period 1981 to 1993. Structural changes in Australian bank risk.
    keywords: bank; exchange; interest; interest rate; market; rate; returns; risk; stock; volatility
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        item: #62 of 137
          id: ijbf-8394
      author: Ayub, Zainal Amin; Mohamed Yusoff, Zuryati; Azrae, Ahmad Nasyran
       title: Separate Legal Entity Under Syariah Law and its Application on Islamic Banking in Malaysia: A Note
        date: 2020-01-30
       words: 8663
      flesch: 63
     summary: Company law of Malaysia (incorporation and management). Company law (2nd ed.).
    keywords: act; application; banking; companies; company; entity; islamic; law; malaysia; person; principle; syariah; syariah law; waqf
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        item: #63 of 137
          id: ijbf-8395
      author: Surapaitoolkorn, Wantanee
       title: Market Risk VaR Historical Simulation Model with Autocorrelation Effect: A Note
        date: 2009-08-20
       words: 4027
      flesch: 62
     summary: In this paper, the estimation of future expected value of fi nancial assets using fi nancial market data will be analysed using the Autocorrelation (ACF) produced from the historical simulation of the VaR Model. The US equity returns using the 10 assets of 1000 observations is used as fi nancial market data.
    keywords: correlation; data; market; model; process; risk; simulation; var
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        item: #64 of 137
          id: ijbf-8396
      author: Hasan, Zubair
       title: Profit Sharing Ratios in Mudaraba Contracts Revisited
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 8469
      flesch: 62
     summary: Corporations operate mostly with their owner shareholders’ money supplemented by bank fi nance, if need be. Thus, if P were distributable profi ts, P would be allocable to bank fi nance.
    keywords: bank; banking; business; capital; depositors; interest; investment; islamic; mudaraba; nance; profi t; rate; ratios; sharing ratio; t sharing
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        item: #65 of 137
          id: ijbf-8397
      author: Moosa, Imad
       title: Stock Market Contagion in the Early Stages of the Global Financial Crisis: The Experience of the GCC Countries
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 6139
      flesch: 65
     summary: The crisis has also affected GCC fi nancial markets other than stock markets. Discussion of the Results and Concluding Remarks The price of oil goes some way in explaining disparities in the behaviour of GCC stock markets, but it cannot explain the full picture.
    keywords: countries; crisis; gcc; markets; model; oil; prices; stock; stock prices
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        item: #66 of 137
          id: ijbf-8398
      author: Chi, Jing; Tripe, David; Young, Martin
       title: Do Exchange Rates Affect the Stock Performance of Australian Banks?
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 6704
      flesch: 58
     summary: Table 3 Regression Results on Foreign Exchange Exposure of Australian Banks ht tp :// ijb f.u um .e du .m y Do exchange rates affect the stock performance of Australian banks? Contrary to expectations, no signifi cant relationships between Australian bank stock returns and foreign exchange rates were found, raising questions as to the effi ciency of stock markets in recognising banks’ foreign exchange exposures arising from their offshore assets and business.
    keywords: australian; banks; exchange; foreign; international; new; rate; returns; stock; zealand
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        item: #67 of 137
          id: ijbf-8399
      author: Abdul Majid, Mariani
       title: The Input Requirements of Conventional and Shariahcompliant Banking
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 12165
      flesch: 51
     summary: As a result, these effi ciency measures enable one to determine how fi rms are ranked under the assumption that fi rms operate in an equivalent environment, while at the same time measuring how bank effi ciency in one country differs from another. Many country-specifi c variables become insignifi cant when country dummy variables are included in the model, thereby suggesting that these factors serve as proxies for cross country differences in bank effi ciency, rather than legitimate determinants of potential output.14
    keywords: average; banking; banks; ciency; cost; countries; country; distance; effi; effi ciency; function; ineffi; input; islamic; journal; output; scale; variables
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        item: #68 of 137
          id: ijbf-8400
      author: Hibbert, Ann Marie; Lawrence, Edward R.
       title: Testing the Performance of Asset Pricing Models in Different Economic and Interest Rate Regimes Using Individual Stock Returns
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 9235
      flesch: 64
     summary: The information content of discount rate announcements and their effect on market interest rates. Firm size and cyclical variations in stock returns.
    keywords: fama; french; interest; journal; market; model; periods; rate; stocks
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        item: #69 of 137
          id: ijbf-8401
      author: Manzur, Meher; Chan, Felix
       title: Exchange Rate Volatility and Purchasing Power Parity: Does Euro Make Any Difference?
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 6804
      flesch: 65
     summary: Exchange rates interest rates and commodity prices: An introduction. In the case of Euro countries, let π t = (π 1t ,...,π 12t ) be a vector containing the infl ation rates for the 12 countries, then the fi rst principal component of π t , π t PC1, can be used as a measure of pooled infl ation, that is, a proxy for π t d. Given the pooled infl ation measure for the 12 countries, a simple regression analysis based on equation (1) can now be applied to test PPP as follows: (3) Testing equation (1) in the form of equation (3) is equivalent to testing: 4.
    keywords: ation; countries; euro; exchange; infl; ppp; rates; results
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        item: #70 of 137
          id: ijbf-8402
      author: Rahman, M. Miazur
       title: Islamic Micro-Finance Programme and its Impact on Rural Poverty Alleviation
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 7843
      flesch: 52
     summary: The number of RDS clients is sharply increasing higher although the average rate of dropout (11%) is also alarming. , RDS microinvestment clients also face problems participating in the microfi nance program.
    keywords: activities; borrowers; clients; development; impact; income; investment; level; microcredit; poverty; programme; rds; study
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        item: #71 of 137
          id: ijbf-8403
      author: Cherif, Mondher; Gazdar, Kaouthar
       title: Institutional and Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Development in Mena Region: New Results From a Panel Data Analysis
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 9367
      flesch: 54
     summary: One of the basic pre-requisites for fi nancial market development is macroeconomic stability. Number 1: 2010: 139-159 139 IJBF INSTITUTIONAL AND MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN MENA REGION: NEW RESULTS FROM A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS Mondher Cherif and Kaouthar Gazdar Rheims University Euromed Marscille CEMM and Rheims University Abstract This paper provides new evidence on the infl uence of macroeconomic environment and institutional quality on stock market development, using data from 14 MENA countries over the period of 1990-2007.
    keywords: capitalization; countries; determinants; development; growth; journal; macroeconomic; market; market development; mena; nancial; quality; stock; stock market
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        item: #72 of 137
          id: ijbf-8404
      author: Ismail, Abdul Ghafar; Kamil, Karmila Hanim
       title: A Note: Debt Selling and Their Impact on Islamic Bank Value
        date: 2010-03-10
       words: 4548
      flesch: 62
     summary: With regards to minimum capital that needs to be hold, we assume that Islamic banks are required to put aside an amount of equity equal to a fraction of bank fi nancing and fi xed percentage against deposit transactions. Keywords: Bank risk management; Financing; Investment JEL classifi cation: G21, G31, G32. _______________________________________________________________ 1.
    keywords: bank; debt; finance; interest; islamic; journal; rate; risk
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        item: #73 of 137
          id: ijbf-8413
      author: Hoque, Ariful; Manzur, Meher; Poitras, Geoffrey
       title: Influence of Transaction Costs on Foreign Exchange Option Contracts: Intra-Daily Tests
        date: 2010-08-19
       words: 7508
      flesch: 61
     summary: After conducting stationarity tests using the standard augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests to check whether a unit root is present in the data series involved, regressions for the conversion strategy were speci� ed as: � � � � tsTlTatatbt RBXRBSPC ��� �� �� � � � �� *10 (13) Regressions for the reversal strategy were also estimated using: � � � � tsTbtlTatbt RBSRBXCP ��� �� �� � � � �� *10 (14) where the equation errors are speci� ed to accommodate serial correlation and GARCH effects. More precisely: � � � � � � � �TXSPRBSRBXTXSC tTtTt ,,,, * � (5)
    keywords: ask; bid; costs; deviations; exchange; foreign; option; pcp; price; transaction
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        item: #74 of 137
          id: ijbf-8414
      author: Ghosh, Dilip K.; Ghosh, Dipasri
       title: Market Meltdown and the Propagation Mechanism of Contagion
        date: 2010-08-19
       words: 7243
      flesch: 56
     summary: /)/1( � � � for�� nj ��1 � � hkmmhkNNI !! Global � nancial markets and risk premium on US equity.
    keywords: bank; bln; contagion; finance; ghosh; international; investment; journal; loans; market; mechanism; meltdown; mortgage; propagation; risk
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        item: #75 of 137
          id: ijbf-8416
      author: Blenman, Lloyd P.; Chen, Dar-Hsin; Chen, Chun-Da
       title: Market Liberalization and Trading in Korea
        date: 2010-08-19
       words: 9690
      flesch: 61
     summary: 143.9951 *** 224.5361 *** 60.7274 *** 137.6462 *** 58.6613 *** Notes: and are Ljung-Box tests on each series in levels and squared, respectively, for 35 lags which are distributed as 2 35� � in the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation. Another group of studies focused on the impact of volatility of the foreign exchange rate on the trading behaviors of � nancial market participants.
    keywords: exchange; exchange rate; finance; futures; international; journal; korea; liberalization; market; range; rate; spot; stock; trading; usd; volatility; volume
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        item: #76 of 137
          id: ijbf-8417
      author: Chakraborty, Atreya; Mallick, Rajiv
       title: Patterns of Debt Use in Small Businesses: A Non-Parametric Analysis
        date: 2010-08-19
       words: 8705
      flesch: 58
     summary: = K(d), and S is the sample variance covariance matrix of the two variables. ),()( 1 XXknXf ihh �� �� � ),1()1( 2 )( ' 2 ��� iiiii ddIddh dK � � )],()'( Relationship lending and lines of credit in small � rm � nance.
    keywords: banking; businesses; credit; data; debt; equity; finance; journal; non; patterns; rms; small; use
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        item: #77 of 137
          id: ijbf-8418
      author: Xiao, Yingbin
       title: French Banks amid the Global Financial Crisis
        date: 2011-03-13
       words: 7069
      flesch: 57
     summary: Abstract This paper runs the gamut of qualitative and quantitative analyses to examine the performance of French banks during 2006-2008 and the fi nancial support measures taken by the French government. French banks were not immune but proved relatively resilient to the global fi nancial crisis refl ecting their business and supervisory features.
    keywords: banking; banks; capital; crisis; debt; figure; finance; french; funding; government; impact; international; journal; percent
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        item: #78 of 137
          id: ijbf-8419
      author: Ali, Hamid E.
       title: Optimal Inflationary and Reserve Requirement Policies: A Study of an Economy with an Informal Sector
        date: 2011-03-13
       words: 4865
      flesch: 58
     summary: Steel, Aryeetey, Hetige and Nissanke (1997) have contended that informal fi nancial institutions are an important vehicle for mobilizing household savings, and this study has recommended that informal fi nance be better integrated into fi nancial development strategies. Conclusions on decent work and informal economy.
    keywords: agent; economy; government; policy; reserve; sector
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        item: #79 of 137
          id: ijbf-8420
      author: Karels, Gordon V.; Lawrence, Edward; Yu, Jin
       title: Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions between Industrialized and Developing Countries: US and Indian Merger Activity
        date: 2011-03-13
       words: 12245
      flesch: 56
     summary: The Indian acquirers of US subsidiary fi rm targets realized signifi cant gains while the US acquirers of Indian subsidiary fi rm targets realized insignifi cant gains/losses. SDC Mergers and Acquisitions Database We fi nd that Indian target fi rms when acquired by a publicly-traded US fi rm, realize positive abnormal returns around the announcement date whereas acquiring fi rms suffer a loss of market value around the announcement date.
    keywords: acquirers; acquisitions; cross; e n; fi rms; indian; mergers; n d; n n; n o; targets
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        item: #80 of 137
          id: ijbf-8421
      author: Huang, Hua-Wei; Yan, Yun-Chia; Fornaro, James M.; Elshahat, Ahmed
       title: Market Reactions to Audit Committee Director’s Gender: Evidence from US-Traded Foreign Firms
        date: 2011-03-13
       words: 7707
      flesch: 60
     summary: The coeffi cients of FDI and DISCL are both negatively signifi cant in event window CAR (-5, +5), which suggests that a country’s foreign direct investment (scaled by total GDP) and disclosure level reduce the impact of the appointment of female audit committee members on the market price of foreign fi rms. 4.4 Sensitivity Analysis The market reaction of fi nancial fi rms may be different from other industries due to their unique characteristics.
    keywords: appointment; audit; audit committee; committee; female; gender; journal; market; members; rms; signifi
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        item: #81 of 137
          id: ijbf-8423
      author: Griffin, Caroll H.
       title: Effectiveness of Central Bank Independence via Its Internal Characteristics
        date: 2011-06-04
       words: 6580
      flesch: 50
     summary: Many countries around the world, both developed and developing, have accepted the idea of central bank independence over the last several decades, so central banks have autonomy. Abstract This study examines central bank independence in developing countries of Latin America and Asia as well as selected developed countries.
    keywords: autonomy; bank; bank independence; central; countries; independence; inflation; policy; results; transparency; variables
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        item: #82 of 137
          id: ijbf-8424
      author: Zestos, George K.; Geary, Andrew N.; Cooksey, Kevin S.
       title: US Monetary-Fiscal Policy Mix Evidence from a Quatrovariate VECM
        date: 2011-06-04
       words: 10327
      flesch: 57
     summary: Claeys (2007) using the VAR approach and incorporating an explicit intertemporal budget constraint, analyzed the effect of US fiscal policy on employment and inflation. The asymmetric responses of the two policies to changes in real economic activity are attributed to the fact that monetary policy is much more efficient in promptly responding to changes in economic conditions than fiscal policy.
    keywords: causality; effects; equation; income; interest; lnni; policies; policy; rates; rff; rtb10; run; term; variables; vecm
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        item: #83 of 137
          id: ijbf-8425
      author: Tessema, Ameha Tefera
       title: Present and Future Value Formulae for Uneven Cash Flow Based on Performance of A Business
        date: 2011-06-04
       words: 5195
      flesch: 67
     summary: 1 1 2 2121 3 321 2 211 x xaxaxaxaaaxaaaxaaxa n n n n (8) Tessema: Uneven Cash Flows 74 Let 0 1  n a , then it follows that:            9..... Since the formula of geometric progression at ratio = x can be expressed as: 1 ....1 1 1     n n xx x x ( Sobel and Lerner,1995:515-535) , it follows that:        1 1 2 21 32 2 2 1 .... 1 1 ..................           n n n n nn xaxaxa x xaxxxaxxxa Equivalently this can be expressed as:                     1 1 ...............
    keywords: cash; n n
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        item: #84 of 137
          id: ijbf-8426
      author: E. Prabowo, T. Handono; Cabanda, Emilyn
       title: Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Indonesian Firm Efficiency: A Note
        date: 2011-06-04
       words: 5863
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, those few studies on Indonesian manufacturing firms are not Prabowo and Cabanda: Indonesian Firm Efficiency listed on the stock market, except the study of Probowo and Cabanda (2010). To survive in such increasingly competitive environments, manufacturing firms seek to continuously improve their efficiency and productivity performance to sustain long-term growth and profitability.
    keywords: cent; efficiency; firm; frontier; indonesia; industry; log; manufacturing; performance; research; sector; stochastic
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        item: #85 of 137
          id: ijbf-8427
      author: Andrikopoulos, Panagiotis; Daynes, Arief; Pagas, Paraskevas
       title: The Time-Varying Nature of the Overreaction Effect: Evidence from the UK
        date: 2011-09-05
       words: 14585
      flesch: 53
     summary: Post-formation returns for each of the ten decile-portfolios were then estimated as the simple average of the returns computed for each stock in each decile. Furthermore, these k=12 months post-formation returns increase almost uniformly from decile 1 to decile 10, while the same pattern is evident when individual formation dates are considered.
    keywords: average; effect; finance; formation; market; months; overreaction; overreaction effect; period; portfolio; post; prior; returns; size
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        item: #86 of 137
          id: ijbf-8428
      author: Leung, Henry
       title: Analysts Earnings Forecasts Distribution
        date: 2011-09-05
       words: 7105
      flesch: 48
     summary: This study utilises the Australian IBES earnings forecast data from 1988 through 2008 to show that analyst earnings forecast distributions are non-normal across the 20-year period. 6. Conclusions and Future Research Prior research suggests that many facets of the analyst earnings forecast literature base their findings on the assumption that analyst earnings forecast distributions are normal.
    keywords: analyst; consensus; distribution; earnings; estimates; firm; forecast; ibes; mean; period; statistic
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        item: #87 of 137
          id: ijbf-8429
      author: Swamy, Vighneswara; Tulasimala, B.K.
       title: Financial Intermediaries and Economic Development: Evidence on Transaction Costs of Borrowing by the Poor
        date: 2011-09-05
       words: 6325
      flesch: 47
     summary: [2011], Art. 3 68 Figure 4: Comparison of transaction costs of borrowing Note: Percentage of different sub costs to total transaction costs in models of comparison Figure 5: Comparison of transaction cost for borrower under direct loan model and SHG-Bank Linkage Model Note: Transaction costs in models of comparison represented in Indian Rupee (INR) Swamy and Tulasimala: Transaction Costs of Borrowing by the Poor 69 Evidence on Transaction Costs of Borrowing by the Poor The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Volume 8 (Number 3) 2011: pages 54-72 FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE ON TRANSACTION COSTS OF BORROWING BY THE POOR Vighneswara Swamy and B.K. Tulasimala Indian Business School-Hyderabad and University of Mysore, India ___________________________________________________________
    keywords: bank; borrowing; costs; development; economic; growth; intermediaries; loan; study; transaction; transaction costs; visit
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        item: #88 of 137
          id: ijbf-8431
      author: Tater, Bindiya; Tanwar, Manish; Murari, Krishna
       title: Customer Adoption of Banking Technology in Private Banks of India
        date: 2011-09-05
       words: 5530
      flesch: 54
     summary: Usefulness of banking services is same for all the banks. Usefulness of banking services is the same for all the banks.
    keywords: adoption; banking; banks; cent; customer; internet; respondents; services; technology; value
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        item: #89 of 137
          id: ijbf-8432
      author: Delort, Jean-Yves; Arunasalam, Bavani; Leung, Henry; Milosavljevic, Maria
       title: The Impact of Manipulation in Internet Stock Message Boards
        date: 2011-12-12
       words: 5591
      flesch: 52
     summary: Stock market manipulations. First we find that manual moderation of messages cannot effectively prevent ramping to take place in internet stock messages.
    keywords: impact; internet; manipulation; market; message; moderated; posts; ramping; stock; volatility
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        item: #90 of 137
          id: ijbf-8443
      author: Agu, Chukwuma; Olajide, Damilola; Ikenwilo, Divine; Orji, Anthony
       title: Mergers and Acquisitions: The Nigerian Banking Consolidation Program
        date: 2011-12-12
       words: 10881
      flesch: 51
     summary: The Nigerian banking consolidation exercise represents an unprecedented change in institutional context in which bank M&A and failures occur. This differs markedly from the conventional situation in which bank M&A and failures result from voluntary decisions of the affected banks.
    keywords: assistance; bank; banking; cbn; consolidation; exit; failure; industry; loans; m&a; mergers; model; nigeria; risks; vol
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        item: #91 of 137
          id: ijbf-8444
      author: Noman, Abdullah M; Uddin, Gazi S
       title: Remittances and Banking Sector Development in South Asia
        date: 2011-12-12
       words: 7145
      flesch: 60
     summary: Remittances and banking sector development in South Asia 47 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Volume 8 (Number 4) 2011: Only Noman and Uddin: Remittances and banking sector development in South Asia 48 three of the South Asian countries, namely: Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, made a foothold in the list of top 25 recipients.
    keywords: banking; banking sector; bsd; causality; development; gdp; remittances; sector; sector development; south
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        item: #92 of 137
          id: ijbf-8445
      author: Castellanos, Arnulfo M.; Vargas, Francisco S.; Rentería, Luis G.
       title: The Contagion from the 2007-09 US Stock Market Crash
        date: 2011-12-12
       words: 4343
      flesch: 69
     summary: In order to determine the existence of differentiated impacts that show the presence of inertial factors in different stock exchange markets, a filtering technique is used on stock market indexes to assess such impacts. In order to find side effects out of returns in the stock markets at different time scales using wavelet analysis, Fernandez (2004) worked out with stock markets in North America and found that there were side effects to Latin America, emerging Asia, Far East countries and Pacific markets.
    keywords: contagion; crash; frequencies; frequency; level; market; stock; stock market; time; wavelets
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        item: #93 of 137
          id: ijbf-8446
      author: Larkin, Meredith B.; Bernardi, Richard A.; Bosco, Susan M.
       title: Board Gender Diversity, Corporate Reputation and Market Performance
        date: 2012-03-22
       words: 8775
      flesch: 50
     summary: In our analysis, we group corporations by whether or not they appear on a specific list and by the number of female board members: no female board members, one female board member, and multiple female board members. While the number of women on corporate boards has increased by approximately 28 women per year between 1977 and 2001 (Bernardi et al., 2006), it is still relatively low at 832 female directors of 5,613 directors on Fortune 500 boards (Bernardi et al, 2009).
    keywords: board; business; companies; corporate; corporations; crm; data; directors; journal; list; number; percent; stock; women
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        item: #94 of 137
          id: ijbf-8447
      author: Swamy, Vighneswara
       title: Impact of Macroeconomic and Endogenous Factors on Non Performing Bank Assets
        date: 2012-03-22
       words: 7471
      flesch: 49
     summary: It was also due to the fact that as capital base of the banks increases confidence of the bank also increases and gets reflected in their performance thus leading to effective recovery of bank loans and bringing down the level of NPAs. Non-performing bank loans: Cyclical patterns and Sectoral risk, Review of Economic Conditions in Italy, Rome: Jan-Jun 1996, Issue 1. Singh, C., (2005).
    keywords: assets; banking; banks; capital; credit; economic; growth; india; lending; loans; management; non; npas; rate; risk; sector
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        item: #95 of 137
          id: ijbf-8448
      author: Trück, Stefan; Liang, Kevin
       title: Modelling and Forecasting Volatility in the Gold Market
        date: 2012-03-22
       words: 11302
      flesch: 63
     summary: On the other hand, Braisfold and Faff (1996) evaluate volatility models in forecasting stock returns, and find that none of the models significantly outperforms the others. The performance of volatility models with respect to appropriate quantification of VaR has been investigated by Danielsson and De Vries (2000): conditional parametric methods such as the GARCH model significantly underpredict the VaR of U.S. stock returns.
    keywords: forecasting; garch; gold; gold market; journal; market; model; performance; period; results; risk; sample; var; volatility
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        item: #96 of 137
          id: ijbf-8449
      author: Rahman, Dewan M.; Akter, Kohinur
       title: Interest Rate Convergence in Bangladesh
        date: 2012-03-22
       words: 5553
      flesch: 43
     summary: [2012], Art. 4 83 This study presents the pre and post financial liberalization interest rate structure and also its impact on creating an efficient financial market. Governments used financial system as an instrument of allocating financial resources through directed credit at below market interest rate.
    keywords: bangladesh; convergence; difference; fcb; interest; interest rate; liberalization; market; means; ncb; pcb; rate; sector
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        item: #97 of 137
          id: ijbf-8450
      author: Park, Kang H.
       title: Bank Mergers and Competition in Japan
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 9436
      flesch: 58
     summary: So, to further examine the effect of bank mergers on bank competition, the following equation is estimated. Studies on bank competition in China are scanty and are mostly descriptive rather than analytical, simply reporting the trend of bank concentration without further investigative analysis.
    keywords: banking; banks; competition; concentration; crisis; effect; interest; japan; korean; market; mergers; model; period; revenue; total
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        item: #98 of 137
          id: ijbf-8451
      author: Wei, Wang Chun; Frino, Alex
       title: The Impact of Underlying Market Closure on Futures Market Liquidity: Evidence from China
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 5721
      flesch: 52
     summary: H5 tests if the impact of the underlying opening on futures market volatility. It is reasoned that whilst SGX-DT futures have a large amount of market makers and scalpers closing their positions before futures market closure time, this is not the case for TAIFEX.
    keywords: closure; finance; futures; intraday; journal; market; trading; underlying; volatility
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        item: #99 of 137
          id: ijbf-8452
      author: Karamujic, Harry M
       title: Building Approvals as a Leading Indicator of Property Sector Investment
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 5508
      flesch: 42
     summary: On the other hand, one modelling specification incorporates stochastic seasonal component, while other two modelling specifications incorporate deterministic (fixed) seasonal components. If tγ denotes the effect of season j at time t, then ( ) .,,1 ,0,NID~ , 21, sjtjttjjt =+= − ωσωωγγ (7) Although all s seasonal components are continually evolving, only one affects the observations at any particular point in time, that is jtt γγ = when season j is prevailing at time t.
    keywords: australia; banhs; house; housing; investment; modelling; prices; property; seasonality; state; time; trend
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        item: #100 of 137
          id: ijbf-8453
      author: Liu, Liu; Bogomolov, Timofei
       title: The Law of One Price and Arbitrage on China’s Dual-Listings in Hong Kong and New York
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 7159
      flesch: 62
     summary: The price disparity idea is readily confirmed for some of the dual-listed Chinese securities that are traded in both Hong Kong and New York markets although Malkiel 59 (2007) states that H-shares and N-shares (Chinese shares listed and traded in Hong Kong and New York markets respectively) are reasonably priced relative to their growth rates. Table 1: Computation of Transaction Costs This table provides the related transaction costs when trading Chinese ADRs in HK market and their underlying shares in New York market based in 2009.
    keywords: adrs; arbitrage; costs; market; new; new york; price; return; trading; transaction; york
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        item: #101 of 137
          id: ijbf-8454
      author: Al-Qaisi, Khaldoun
       title: Banking Competition and Efficiency in Jordan: A Note
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 3978
      flesch: 57
     summary: [2012], Art. 5 87 the ratio of total bank assets to GDP has also increased. First, the size of Jordanian banks is extremely large.
    keywords: assets; banking; banks; ratio; sector; total
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        item: #102 of 137
          id: ijbf-8455
      author: Azamighaimasi, Arsalan
       title: Portfolio Risk and Dependence Modeling: Application of Factor and Copula Models
        date: 2012-09-18
       words: 2781
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the performance of rating- based credit portfolio models, long ignored in the field. Several portfolio credit risk models developed in the industry have been made public since then.
    keywords: copula; credit; default; models; portfolio; risk
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        item: #103 of 137
          id: ijbf-8456
      author: You, Leyuan; Dandapani, Krishnan
       title: Bank Owned Life Insurance: A Critical Examination of Banking Strategy
        date: 2012-09-18
       words: 4074
      flesch: 57
     summary: In a recent survey, BOLI assets hit $126.1 billion in 2008, this increased by 5 per cent from 2007 for 880 top tier bank holding companies and 7,495 commercial and savings banks. It provides the value of BOLI asset, the total asset, the earnings from BOLI and the total net earnings for Bank of America, Charlotte, on December 31, 2002.
    keywords: assets; bank; banking; boli; earnings; income; insurance; life; risk
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        item: #104 of 137
          id: ijbf-8457
      author: Ghorbani, Saeed; Zavareh, Seyed Tabaie
       title: Does Corporate Governance Matter in Iran?
        date: 2012-09-18
       words: 7145
      flesch: 58
     summary: Abstract In this paper, we construct a corporate governance Index (G-index) based on 13 attributes, which are associated with good and bad governance to investigate the impact of corporate governance on a firm’s stock return. The reason is corporate governance is presently known as an effective mechanism for exerting corporate control in the literature in order to secure sustainable higher stock return.
    keywords: accounting; board; corporate; et al; finance; firm; governance; index; journal; ownership; performance; return; stock
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        item: #105 of 137
          id: ijbf-8458
      author: Elian, Mohammad
       title: Determinants of Off-Balance Sheet Business in the Case of GCC Banking Sectors
        date: 2012-09-18
       words: 8746
      flesch: 49
     summary: They conclude that banks participate in more OBS businesses to reduce risk resulting from granting loans, while it is true political and economic events negatively affect banks OBS businesses. While the LOAR is directly related to OBS businesses, its coefficient is expected to be positive, indicating that banks with more loan ratio tend to undertake more OBS businesses.
    keywords: balance; banking; banks; businesses; capital; gcc; interest; loan; model; obs; obs businesses; ratio; risk; sheet; time; variables
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        item: #106 of 137
          id: ijbf-8459
      author: Zhang, Xiaoxi; Daly, Kevin
       title: Performance of China-Owned Banks in Hong Kong
        date: 2012-09-18
       words: 4980
      flesch: 57
     summary: Regards the results for bank equity multiplier and ROE we find a positive and significant relationship between EM and ROE in all cases for Chinese owned banks, and for Hong Kong owned banks and foreign owned banks. Regards the results for NIE and ROE, we only found evidence for 5 significant results including 2 for Chinese owned banks (BOC and WLU), 2 for Hong Kong local banks (BOEA and WLA) 83 Table 6: Top 15 bank performance in Hong Kong, 2004-2010 Dependent Variable ROA ROE Independent Variables MARGIN China BOC -0.894061 (0.4037) -10.75756 (0.3466) ICBC 0.515843 (0.3535) 7.747985 (0.1933) NY 0.964440 (0.0009)*** 7.582789 (0.0117)** CITIC
    keywords: banking; banks; china; chinese; foreign; hong; interest; kong; limited; profitability; roe
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        item: #107 of 137
          id: ijbf-8461
      author: Palliam, Romila; G. Caldwell, Lee; K. Ghosh, Dilip
       title: Financial Transaction and Fiduciary Obligation: Ethics, Economics or Commingled Commitment?
        date: 2012-12-04
       words: 9745
      flesch: 55
     summary: Notwithstanding the issues surrounding fiduciary obligation, an important clarification was made by Canada's Supreme Court by McLachlin (2003) where a majority of the Court agreed with McLachlin when she stated that fiduciary obligations were not obligations to guarantee a certain outcome for the vulnerable party, regardless of the fault. Financial transaction and fiduciary obligation: Ethics, economics or commingled commitment? 1 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Volume 9 (Number 4) 2012: pages 1-27 FINANCIAL TRANSACTION AND FIDUCIARY OBLIGATION: ETHICS, ECONOMICS OR COMMINGLED COMMITMENT?
    keywords: agents; behavior; business; economic; ethics; fiduciary; firm; following; income; interest; islamic; journal; maximization; obligation; profits; responsibility; theory; trust; vol
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        item: #108 of 137
          id: ijbf-8462
      author: Eisazadeh, Saeid; Shaeri, Zeinab
       title: An Analysis of Bank Efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa
        date: 2012-12-04
       words: 6721
      flesch: 50
     summary: An analysis of bank efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa 27 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Volume 9 (Number 4) 2012: pages 28-47 AN ANALYSIS OF BANK EFFICIENCY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Saeid Eisazadeh and Zeinab Shaeri Bu Ali Sina University, Iran ____________________________________________________________ Abstract This paper reports institutional factor effects on bank efficiency in Middle Eastern and North African countries during a recent 14 years.
    keywords: bank; banking; competition; cost; countries; efficiency; financial; frontier; levels; market; mena; paper; region; total; variables
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        item: #109 of 137
          id: ijbf-8463
      author: Chou, Wen-Hsiu
       title: Portfolio Preferences Across Markets: Evidence from Mutual Fund Ownership
        date: 2012-12-04
       words: 9095
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, the effects of good accounting standards and lower analyst forecast dispersion reduce when foreign mutual funds invest in emerging markets but remain strong for domestic mutual funds in both developed and emerging markets. Foreign trades, however, have a large positive impact on foreign mutual funds.
    keywords: countries; country; firm; funds; gdp; information; investors; markets; ownership; year
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        item: #110 of 137
          id: ijbf-8464
      author: Swamy, Vigneshwara; Sreejesh, S.
       title: Financial Instability, Uncertainty and Bank Lending Behavior
        date: 2012-12-04
       words: 7161
      flesch: 55
     summary: By employing cointegration technique, the study shows that bank credit has a significant positive relationship with the borrowing activities of debt users of the banks, hence, as the contrary an inverse relationship with investment activity is evident during financial crisis. We examine the trend of bank credit in India, which is representative of a rather domestic focused banking sector when compared to other developed markets.
    keywords: bank; banking; cointegration; credit; crisis; india; journal; lending; level; period; recession; relationship; test; variables
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        item: #111 of 137
          id: ijbf-8465
      author: Chou, Wen-Hsiu; Ke, Dongmin; Xu, Danielle
       title: Market Conditions and Fund Flows: Evidence from Hedge Funds
        date: 2013-03-28
       words: 16301
      flesch: 58
     summary: Recent study suggests that incorporating predictability based on macroeconomic variables can significantly improve hedge fund investor performance. Hedge fund performance under each market condition also provides some insights into the debate.
    keywords: effect; flow; fund; fund flow; fund investors; fund performance; hedge fund; investment; market conditions; markets; money; month; past; period; returns; risk; sample; volatility
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        item: #112 of 137
          id: ijbf-8466
      author: Medina, Reyes Samaniego; Cueto, Maria Jose Vazquez
       title: Modeling Credit Risk: An Application of the Rough Set Methodology
        date: 2013-03-28
       words: 7129
      flesch: 59
     summary: In particular, the sample of bankrupt companies used for the analysis only included those companies with loans whose unpaid debt, whether of interest or principal, amounted to a percentage of more than 10% of the full risk accepted. The group of healthy companies, i.e., those that did not default in the time horizon considered, was selected using the individual pairing technique, controlled by those characteristics that could affect the relationships between financial ratios and failure.
    keywords: analysis; classification; companies; discriminant; r13 =; ratios; rough; set; table; variables
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        item: #113 of 137
          id: ijbf-8467
      author: Ho, Catherina S.F.; Ahmad, Noryati; Mohd Dahan, Hayati
       title: Economic Freedom, Macroeconomic Fundamentals and Foreign Direct Investment in Fast Emerging Brics and Malaysia
        date: 2013-03-28
       words: 7165
      flesch: 52
     summary: Economic freedom, macroeconomic fundamentals and foreign direct investment in fast emerging BRICS and Malaysia 57 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Volume 10 (Number 1), 2013: Pages 57-73 ECONOMIC FREEDOM, MACROECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN FAST EMERGING BRICS AND MALAYSIA Catherine S. F. Ho, Noryati Ahmad and Hayati Mohd Dahan Univeristi Teknologi MARA, Malaysia ___________________________________________________________ Abstract This study investigates the major factors that determine the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into fast emerging countries: Brazil, China, India, Russia, South Africa (BRICS) and Malaysia.
    keywords: countries; country; determinants; fdi; foreign; freedom; investment; journal; market; openness; rate; trade
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        item: #114 of 137
          id: ijbf-8469
      author: Nguyen, Tristan; Schüßler, Alexander
       title: Leverage, Maturities of Debt and Stock Performance
        date: 2013-03-28
       words: 6682
      flesch: 65
     summary: Abstract We add to the prior literature that test the influence of total leverage on stock returns by focusing on an extended ratio, namely, ‘Total Debt to (Total Capital + Long Term Debt)’, TD/(TC+LTD)’, the ratio henceforth. The link between this ratio and stock returns for periods of one to sixty months are considered for Germany, the UK and the US.
    keywords: debt; holding; leverage; market; months; periods; returns; stock; td/(tc+ltd; term
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        item: #115 of 137
          id: ijbf-8470
      author: Iqbal, Munawar
       title: Determing the Role of Debt in the Economy and a New Approach for Solving Sovereign Debt Crises
        date: 2013-03-28
       words: 14233
      flesch: 61
     summary: Other economists drew attention to many loopholes in Keynes‘ theory but in the depth of Great Depression, his theory became popular among policy makers: government debt was not too high at that time. Although the history of debt crises is quite old, none of the several solutions proposed and tried in the past have been successful to curb recurring debt crisis.
    keywords: art; banking; cent; countries; crisis; debt; debtor; economy; finance; financial; governments; growth; interest; international; islamic; iss; journal; leverage; market; money; principle; risk; role; time; vol
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        item: #116 of 137
          id: ijbf-8471
      author: Sahul Hamid, Fazelina; Rangel, Gary John; M. Taib, Fauziah; Thurasamy, Ramayah
       title: The Relationship between Risk Propensity, Risk Perception and Risk-Taking Behaviour in an Emerging Market
        date: 2013-03-28
       words: 4611
      flesch: 53
     summary: The review of past research as summarised in Figure 2 does suggest an interaction effect between risk propensity and risk behaviour. The main effect of risk propensity on risk behaviour might well be strengthened as the level of perceived risk rises.
    keywords: behaviour; individual; investors; journal; market; perception; propensity; risk; sitkin; taking
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        item: #117 of 137
          id: ijbf-8472
      author: Iqbal, Munawar
       title: Islamic finance: An Attractive New Way of Financial Intermediation
        date: 2013-08-01
       words: 11638
      flesch: 61
     summary: Islamic financial contracts encourage sharing of these risks among the parties. 2.4 Loan and trade contracts cannot be combined In the following paragraphs we discuss those prohibitions that are most relevant for constructing financial contracts.
    keywords: asset; banking; banks; case; contract; debt; example; finance; interest; intermediation; international; islamic; lease; price; profit; sale
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        item: #118 of 137
          id: ijbf-8473
      author: Chowdhury, Naeem
       title: Mush̄ārakah and Mudārabah Instruments: Assessing their Characteristics
        date: 2013-08-01
       words: 12081
      flesch: 59
     summary: A new enterprise in an industry with significantly greater start- up difficulties or with high failure rates would exemplify such higher risks. We have already said that the latter is equally credulous lot when it comes to private risk information.
    keywords: capital; finance; information; islamic; line; loss; mudārabah; mudāribs; mushārakah; māl; odds; profit; rabb; risk; u(w
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        item: #119 of 137
          id: ijbf-8474
      author: Delpachitra, Sarath
       title: Is Islamic Banking Capable of Meeting Corporate Social Responsibility?
        date: 2013-08-01
       words: 20349
      flesch: 69
     summary: Islamic business contracts, agency problem and the theory of Islamic firm. Introduction Islamic banking is growing fast, but the increase in the size of Islamic banking IB is questionable (Abdallah & Delpachitra, 2008).
    keywords: e dc; e e; e ee; q ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  
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        item: #120 of 137
          id: ijbf-8475
      author: Safari, Meysam
       title: Contractual Structures and Payoff Patterns of Sukūk Securities
        date: 2013-08-01
       words: 10843
      flesch: 55
     summary: Therefore, there are various forms of sukūk contracts with peculiar risk factors and payback schemes all tied to the purpose for which the funding is raised. In Europe, high net worth individuals are brought together by financial institutions to organize private lending via sukūk contracts for long term investments in energy sector for example, on the basis of profit shares, which yield higher returns to investors.
    keywords: asset; banking; capital; contract; figure; finance; ijārah; international; islamic; journal; mudārabah; mushārakah; patterns; payment; payoff; sukūk; time
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        item: #121 of 137
          id: ijbf-8476
      author: Al-Wesabi, Hamid A. H.; Ahmad, Nor Hayati
       title: Credit Risk of Islamic Banks in GCC Countries
        date: 2013-08-01
       words: 6824
      flesch: 62
     summary: This denotes that the combined impact of these variables is stronger on conventional bank credit risk than Islamic bank credit risk. Abstract This paper is about factors affecting credit risk of Islamic banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries using website data covering 25 Islamic banks over 2006 to 2010.
    keywords: banking; banks; countries; credit; credit risk; factors; finance; gcc; islamic; risk; variables
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        item: #122 of 137
          id: ijbf-8503
      author: Cooper, James M.; Gregory-Allen, Russell
       title: Mutual Fund Performance and the Impact of Superannuation and Financial Regulation
        date: 2018-08-08
       words: 11018
      flesch: 66
     summary: However, a dearth of academic studies exists on New Zealand mutual fund performance. 2.3 New Zealand Research Results Research on New Zealand mutual fund performance is relatively scarce.
    keywords: equity; fund; impact; introduction; kiwisaver; new; performance; period; regulation; zealand
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        item: #123 of 137
          id: ijbf-8504
      author: Chin, Kuah Yoke; Yi, Wei Chooi; Kwan, Chin Lai; Si, Chia Mei
       title: An Empirical Investigation on Credit Card Repayment Pattern of Academicians in Malaysia
        date: 2018-08-08
       words: 8436
      flesch: 51
     summary: The study found that the trust on credit card had a significant and positive impact on credit card usage among the academicians, as the academicians did not have to adjust their expenses according to their budget when they used credit cards. The genuine usage of credit cards as a form of convenience has diverged to overspending, irresponsibility, revolving liability and bankruptcy.
    keywords: academicians; attitude; card repayment; cards; credit; credit card; debt; finance; journal; malaysia; pattern; repayment; repayment pattern; spending; spending pattern; study; usage
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        item: #124 of 137
          id: ijbf-9035
      author: Tingting, Xie; Yong, Wang
       title: The Stock Market’s Reaction to Strict Environmental Inspection: Evidence from Heavily Polluting Listed Companies in China
        date: 2020-07-31
       words: 10794
      flesch: 46
     summary: A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 28 February 2020 Revised 22 June 2020 Accepted 29 June 2020 Published 31 July 2020 JEL Code: G38, Q58 Keywords: Central environmental inspection, event study, stock market, China 96 The International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 15, No 2, 2020 : 95-117 1. For the second one, during the period of the third and fourth batch of central environmental inspection, The Stock Market’s Reaction to Strict Environmental Inspection: Evidence from Heavily Polluting Listed 103 Companies in China: 95-117 investors may already have obvious expectations after experiencing the first inspection.
    keywords: central; china; companies; enterprises; environmental; event; feedback; impact; inspection; market; return; state; stock; t t; window
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        item: #125 of 137
          id: ijbf-9096
      author: Mohd ARiffin, Mohd Shazwan; Wan-Hussin, Wan Nordin; Abdul Malak, Siti Seri Delima
       title: Disclosure of AGM Minutes on Corporate Website: An Assessment of Malaysian Listed Companies
        date: 2020-07-31
       words: 8444
      flesch: 46
     summary: Disclosure of AGM minutes on corporate website: An assessment of Malaysian listed companies. Proxy Indicator Measurement Source VD Disclosure of AGM minutes on corporate website dv • indicate voluntary disclosure index • (1=disclose AGM minutes on corporate website, and 0=otherwise) Corporate website SA_vote% Shareholders’ activism through voting percentage iv • share votes (unit)/ total number of shares (unit)*100 Annual report, Bursa outcome, Corporate website BOD_ grey% Grey director iv • step 1: Classification grey director (non-independent non-executive director/outside director) • step 2: Total number of grey directors/ total number of directors*100 Annual report, DataStream, Bloomberg BODsize Board size cv • indicated based on the total number of directors for each firm Annual report, DataStream, Bloomberg Indicator(s): dv denotes dependent variable, iv denotes independent variable and cv denotes control variable of the study.
    keywords: agm; agm minutes; board; companies; company; corporate; directors; disclosure; governance; grey; journal; malaysia; shareholder; website
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        item: #126 of 137
          id: ijbf-9381
      author: Lee, Ai-Xin; Hooy, Chee Wooi
       title: State Ownership and Risk-Taking Behaviour: Evidence from Malaysia’s Banking Industry
        date: 2020-07-31
       words: 22075
      flesch: 59
     summary: The impact of government ownership on bank risk. Risk�� = 𝛼 + 𝛽�𝐹𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒_𝐷�� + 𝛽�(𝐹𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒_𝐷 ×
    keywords: banks; ratio; risk �; roa �; state ownership; taking; � lta; 𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜; 𝐵𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑑_𝐼 �; 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑦; 𝐷𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑦 �; 𝐹𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒_𝐷 �; 𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜; 𝑁𝑜𝑛; 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑛𝑠; 𝛽 �
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        item: #127 of 137
          id: ijbf-9708
      author: Dagogo, Daibi Wellington; Ajadi, Saheed K.
       title: PRIVATE COST OF CAPITAL AND INCREMENTAL BUSINESS VALUE OF MID-MARKET FIRMS
        date: 2021-01-30
       words: 17956
      flesch: 56
     summary: Higher impact of the cost of private equity capital alludes first to a greater proportion of the same in mid-market firms’ capital structure in spite of its higher cost, and second to the existence of market inefficiency caused by asymmetric information, oligopolistic market structure, higher transaction cost, and low liquidity. Keywords: Private cost of capital, private cost of equity, private cost of debt, incremental business value, capital market, middle markets, financial dualism, and capital access point.
    keywords: capital; capital type; cost; equity; equity capital; firms; market; model; rate; risk; value; 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 =
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        item: #128 of 137
          id: ijbf-9909
      author: Albada, Ali; Yong, Othman
       title: A Review of IPO Under-pricing Phenomenon in Asia
        date: 2020-01-06
       words: 12299
      flesch: 53
     summary: (2017) investigated the impact of IPO lock-up removal on IPO pricing. Pre-market trading and IPO pricing.
    keywords: board; countries; effect; finance; firms; initial; international; investors; ipo; ipos; journal; level; lock; market; ownership; price; pricing; return; sample; stock
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        item: #129 of 137
          id: ijbf-9910
      author: Adamu, Adamu Idris; Ishak, Rokiah; Hassan, Nor Laili
       title: Decision to pay dividends and ownership structures in Nigeria
        date: 2020-01-06
       words: 6857
      flesch: 53
     summary: Additionally, Al- malkawi, Rafferty, and Pillai (2010) noted that dividend policy has become the top agenda item of managers in the modern corporate world and has emerged as a contending topic in the field of accounting and finance. Dividend policy is among the techniques that provide control in a firm against potential agency problems.
    keywords: agency; decision; dividend; finance; firms; investors; journal; ownership; policy; study
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        item: #130 of 137
          id: ijbf-9911
      author: Rahim, Norfhadzilahwati; Mat Nor, Fauzias; Ramli, Nurainna; Marzuki, Ainulashikin
       title: Determinants of Capital Structure for Malaysian Shariah-Compliant Firms: The Impact of Revised Screening Methodology
        date: 2020-01-06
       words: 14886
      flesch: 60
     summary: Sector No. of records on Shariah- compliant firms maintain for the 10 years from 2007 until 2016 No. of observation 1. Sector No. of records on Shariah- compliant firms maintain for the 10 years from 2007 until 2016 No. of observation 5.
    keywords: adjustment; assets; capital; compliant; debt; firms; leverage; shariah; structure; target; total
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        item: #131 of 137
          id: ijbf-9912
      author: Ali Imran, Zulfiqar; Wong, Woei-Chyuan; Ismail, Rusmawati
       title: Momentum Effect all over the World
        date: 2020-01-06
       words: 5587
      flesch: 62
     summary: Introduction Finance literature carries substantial evidence on the existence and profitability of momentum returns since the seminal work of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). Similar results have also been documented in prominent cross-country studies such as Rouwenhorst (1998) who found momentum returns across all European stock markets.
    keywords: countries; effect; griffin; momentum; returns; sample; stock; sub; titman
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        item: #132 of 137
          id: ijbf-9913
      author: Haji Wahab, Muhammad Zarunnaim; Mohd Tajuddin, Asma
       title: The Roles of Health Awareness and Knowledge in Medical Takaful Purchase Intention
        date: 2020-01-06
       words: 9208
      flesch: 51
     summary: A search of the literature showed that previous studies focused more on customer intention to participate in takaful from various factors which included mass media, word of mouth, and subjective norms (Maizaitulaidawati et al., 2016; Farhat et al., 2019), attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior (Maizaitulaidawati & Asmak, 2013), perception of takaful operators’ performance (Haji Wahab, 2018), and customer beliefs (Bhatti & Md Husin, 2019). Next, the second objective was to examine the significant relationship between knowledge and customer intention.
    keywords: awareness; coverage; customers; health; health awareness; insurance; intention; islamic; journal; knowledge; officers; public; research; respondents; sector; study; takaful
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        item: #133 of 137
          id: ijbf-9929
      author: Ong, Chui Zi; Mohd-Rashid, Rasidah; Taufil-Mohd, Kamarun Nisham
       title: LEVERAGE AND IPO PRICING: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA
        date: 2020-03-31
       words: 8142
      flesch: 56
     summary: Subsequently, higher IPO prices were set to indicate the firms’ qualities. Therefore, based on the signalling theory, higher leverage issued by firms prior to IPOs often incurred high offer prices due to superior prospects of the firms.
    keywords: firms; information; investors; ipo; ipos; leverage; market; offer; price; study; underwriters
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        item: #134 of 137
          id: ijbf-9930
      author: Chin, Kuah Yoke; Zakaria, Zuriawati; Keong, Choong Chee
       title: THE IMPACT OF MANAGERIAL CHARACTERISTICS ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN MALAYSIAN MANUFACTURING SMES
        date: 2020-03-31
       words: 6112
      flesch: 49
     summary: Relationship of Internal and External Financing on Technology Improvement Dependent Variable T Statistics Independent Variable Technology Improvement 2.338*** Internal and External Financing Note: *** significant at 1 percent, ** significant at 5 percent, * significant at 10 percent 6. Conclusion A total of 219 responses were collected from a survey to examine the impact of managerial characteristics namely age, gender, work experience and level of education on source of capital financing of SMEs (in the manufacturing sector). Based on data taken from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances, the authors found that a young entrepreneur sees growth potential in his firm as compared to a mature manager and thus requires more external capital to fund its growth.
    keywords: business; capital; capital structure; characteristics; debt; experience; financing; firms; managers; manufacturing; smes; structure
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        item: #135 of 137
          id: ijbf-9931
      author: Sultana, Israth; Rahman, Mohammad Morshedur
       title: DETERMINANTS OF BANK COST EFFICIENCY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH
        date: 2020-03-31
       words: 15122
      flesch: 56
     summary: Determinants of bank cost efficiency: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh. (Age of bank is positively related to bank cost efficiency.)
    keywords: bangladesh; banking; banks; banks cost; capital; cost; cost efficiency; determinants; efficiency; et al; finance; financial; frontier; journal; ratio; risk; study; total
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        item: #136 of 137
          id: ijbf-9932
      author: Ho, Chi Ming; Lin, Wu Yih
       title: COMPARISON OF THE PASS-THROUGH SPEED MODELS OF DIFFERENT MARKETS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE MARKETS OF MAINLAND CHINA AND TAIWAN
        date: 2020-03-31
       words: 17469
      flesch: 70
     summary: The first hypothesis is proposed: H��: β�(𝑇) − β�(C) < 0; H��: β�(T) − β�(C) ≥ 0. The first hypothesis is proposed: H��: β�(𝑇) − β�(C) < 0; H��: β�(T) − β�(C) ≥ 0.
    keywords: br �; d �; interest rates; mdbi �; mr �; ζbi �; θbi �; � +
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        item: #137 of 137
          id: ijbf-9933
      author: Badru, Bazeet Olayemi; Davies, Nordiana Osagie; Abdulkadir, Rihanat Idowu
       title: BOARD SIZE DETERMINANTS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
        date: 2020-03-31
       words: 11099
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thus, this study employed proxies related to scope of operations hypothesis and monitoring cost hypothesis to investigate the determinants of company board size in Nigeria. A significant and positive association was found between company size and board size, while CEO ownership and ownership concentration were negative.
    keywords: board; company; company size; ith company; � 𝐶𝐸𝑂𝑊𝑁; � 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅; 𝐿𝑁𝐵𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸; 𝐿𝑁𝑇𝐴 �; 𝑂𝑊𝐶𝑂𝑁; 𝛽 �
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