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International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy | Vol 8 • Issue 6 • 2018128

International Journal of Energy Economics and 
Policy

ISSN: 2146-4553

available at http: www.econjournals.com

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2018, 8(6), 128-134.

Human Capital of Transnational Corporations in the Energy 
Sector

Yuliya I. Bogomolova¹*, Elena V. Belokurova², Vladimir R. Meshkov³, Evgenii O. Pavlov4

¹Institute of International Economic Relations, Moscow, Russian Federation, ²Nizhnevartovsk branch of Tyumen Industrial 
University, Nizhnevartovsk, Russian Federation, ³Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, 4JSC 
“Plakart,” Moscow, Russian Federation. *Email: j.bogomolova@imes.su

Received: 15 July 2018 Accepted: 30 September 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6901

ABSTRACT

For the development of the energy sector, at the present stage, it is necessary to use certain resources. The paper analyzed the application of human 
capital in the energy sector. To achieve this goal, the authors used the method of offset. It is established that the world energy consumption increases, 
and the dynamics of the employed population in the energy sector remains within the same norm. It is determined that an important factor for the 
development of the economy is the gross regional product. As its increase helps to reduce energy intensity. The authors show that human potential is 
not only a personal characteristic received by the employee independently, but also by the acquired position, which is ensured by the implementation 
of corporate tools. The paper considers the economic, social and legal provision of such instruments.

Keywords: Labor Resources, Electrification, Energy Efficiency, Expert Evaluation, Energy System 
JEL Classifications: A10, P48

1. INTRODUCTION

Energy is a set of industries that supply the economy with energy 
resources. It includes all fuel industries and electric power industry 
with their enterprises and connections ensuring the exploration, 
development, production, processing and transportation of energy 
resources, as well as the production and transportation of thermal 
and electric energy received with their use. For the development 
of any area, including energy, human resources (human capital) 
are needed (Teleuyev et al., 2017; Kapitonov and Voloshin, 2017).

The transnationalization of human capital is conditioned by the 
activity and development of supranational TNCs as organizations, 
the basis for the formation and functioning of which are processes 
of internationalization of production, scientific and technical 
activities, capital, etc. In modern conditions, TNCs are a form 
of human capital formation, a means of using and realizing the 
capabilities of each individual. Employment in the world’s 100 

largest corporations was 5.1 million in 1993, foreign workers 
accounted for 47.7%, in 2010 8.7 million and 56.1% respectively 
(Del et al., 2015). The data presented indicate a significant increase 
in the scope of TNC control of the world’s labor resources 
(Vinichenko and Shihovtsova, 2016).

Due to the high degree of development of the production and 
technological base and the sufficient maturity of the labor relations 
system, as well as the important place for the social development of 
the economic entity as one of the bases of its competitiveness, the 
reproduction processes of the human potential of a large enterprise 
should not be spontaneous (Wang et al., 2018). In this context, 
the key role of the system of managing the social development 
of an enterprise as a complex instrument that ensures the stable 
and regulated nature of the phenomena under consideration is 
unquestionable (Li et al., 2018). In practice, the factor being 
investigated appears in the form of a cumulative employee of 
the enterprise. In this regard, it seems that the correct point of 

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Bogomolova et al.: Human Capital of Transnational Corporations in the Energy Sector

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy | Vol 8 • Issue 6 • 2018 129

view that the human factor can be accumulated and realized 
only through the development of all employees of the enterprise 
and their professional joint activities, although formulated with 
reference to the services sector, is quite relevant for other business 
entities (Shirangi et al., 2018). Therefore, the human factor exists 
in the form of a cumulative employee of a service enterprise. 
The cumulative employee of a service enterprise is a group of 
employees engaged in joint work, including a business leader, 
who constantly work in the same enterprise and expend individual 
labor as a single unit in order to best meet the growing service 
needs (Atems and Hotaling, 2018).

Thus, the initial thesis is this: The qualitative and quantitative 
parameters of the cumulative employee of an power enterprise 
have a major influence on the nature of the functioning of the 
economic entity, especially in terms of ensuring its stable and 
long-term sustainable development. In the light of the foregoing, 
an in-depth review of the positions of various scientists and 
scientific schools on the problems under consideration seems to 
be theoretically and practically meaningful.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Proceeding from the notion of potential as a collection of available 
energetic resources that can be mobilized to achieve the goals 
of the system, it is suggested to use the offset method for its 
evaluation (Vinichenko and Strokova, 2016; Kittichaisaree, 
2017). Still, the system has different potentialities to achieve a 
certain development strategy in the conditions of existing resource 
constraints, in particular, human and intellectual capital:

, , 

, 

min( ; )
100%i p i posi

i p

q q
PES

q
= ×  (1)

Where PESi– the potential of the economic system in the i
th 

strategic direction; qi,p– the planned state of the system according 
to the ith vector of strategic objectives; qi,pos– the possible state of 
the system for the ith direction of strategic development, which 
is determined by the volume of human and intellectual capital.

To measure intellectual capital, we calculate the value of the 
consumer capital of the country’s economy, which is characterized 
by the level of competitiveness of its industries:

, ,` ``
` ``

, ,

; T i T ii i
E i E i

G G
CK CK

G G
= =  (2)

Where – the consumer capital of the ith industry, respectively, in 
the domestic and foreign markets; GT,i group index of production 
of the ith industry in terms of technical parameters; ' '', ,; E i E iG G – the 
group index of the ith industry output by economic parameters, 
respectively, for the domestic and foreign markets.

The indicator of the consumer capital is used for an estimation of a 
borrowed market share’s speed of change by production of ith branch 
of own manufacture during time t: (Danielewicz-Betz, 2016).

`
` ` `( ) ( 1)(1 )i i i i

d
d CK d

t
δ
δ

= − −  (3)

``
`` `` ``( ) ( 1)(1 )i i i i

d
d CK d

t
δ
δ

= − −  (4)

Where ' '';i id d – respectively, the share of the domestic and foreign 
market, which deals with the products of its own production of 
the ith industry.

Structural (organizational) capital of the economy is characterized 
by the level of development and use of technological structures 
and can be determined by the vector of the share of added value 
received by each branch – v(v1,v2.,vn). The average level of 
organizational capital (OC) of all sectors of the economy will be 
calculated as follows:

1

1

( )
n

i ii
n

ii

X v
OK

X
=

=

×
=
∑
∑

 (5)

Where Xi– is the equilibrium output of the i
th industry; n – is the 

number of the economy branches.

The prerequisite for the growth of OC is consumer capital. The added 
value of the ith industry, which is calculated as Xi×OKi, excluding 
depreciation and business taxes, is the source of such revenues:

Xi×OKi-Ai-Ti=Wi+Ri+Pi (6)

Where Ai– depreciation on fixed assets; Ti– indirect taxes on 
business; Wi– income of human capital owners; Ri– income of 
borrowed capital owners; Pi– income of the capital owners.

Given this, the amount of human capital of the ith industry will be 
calculated by the formula:

100%ii
i

W
LK

C
= × , where 100%i ii

i i

R P
C

PK VK
+

= ×
+

 (7)

Where LKi - is the human capital of the i
th industry; PKi; VKi– 

respectively, the volume of own and borrowed capital that is used 
by the ith industry; – Ci– is the measured average capital price.

The need to measure the intellectual capital of the microeconomic 
system is conditioned by the need to assess the level of 
competitiveness of business entities in market conditions.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Currently, the definition of the human capital of TNCs is inherent in 
its identification with the personnel, human potential, intellectual 
capital of transnational corporations. The human capital of TNCs 
is the aggregate labor force that represents the entire mass of 
workers who, to some extent, participate in the activities of the 
corporation, ensuring its functioning in all forms and stages of the 



Bogomolova et al.: Human Capital of Transnational Corporations in the Energy Sector

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy | Vol 8 • Issue 6 • 2018130

capital movement on the basis of organizational and economic ties, 
national in form and international in content (Wetzel, 2016). But 
in order to understand how much human capital is needed for the 
development of the industry, the authors conducted an analysis 
of consumption, fuses of energy resources, both in the world and 
in the Russian Federation.

World consumption of electricity increased in 2016, after its 
stabilization in 2015, but its growth remained below its long-term 
growth trend.

Asian countries that are not part of the OECD (India, Indonesia, 
Malaysia, Thailand and others), due to their dynamic economic 
development and the electrification of their territory, are the second 
main region that provoked an increase in electricity consumption. 
Improved energy efficiency has led to a reduction in electricity 
demand in the United States, for the 6th time in 8 years, as well as to 
a reduction in demand in Japan and its stabilization in the European 
Union. Despite the fact that China, which is the world’s largest 
energy consumer since 2009, has registered a jump in growth in 
2016, its energy consumption has seriously slowed down over the 
last 3 years compared to the trends of 2000–2013 (Salim et al., 
2017). India continues to make a significant contribution to global 
energy consumption, and providing a quarter of global growth 
in 2016. Dynamics of strong growth was recorded in Turkey 
and in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and South Korea. 
In contrast, in Latin America, such as Brazil, Colombia and 
Mexico, declined. At the same time, demand in the European 
Union countries remains stable. In Figure 1 shows the dynamics 

of oil production in the world. Oil reserves by region are shown 
in Figure 2.

The systematization of possible indicators allows the development 
of criteria that will be used to assess the level of innovation 
potential of workers. The criteria that are used in practice may 
vary depending on the characteristics of enterprises (Klikauer a 
universal system of criteria is impossible, but a number of factors 
that regulate the activities of the vast majority of these enterprises 
should be determined, which is quite realistic (Solaiman, 2017). 
As a result of expert assessments basic requirements to the criteria 
and their content were formulated (Klikauer, 2016).

According to existing requirements, 9 main criteria were selected 
by expert estimates, on the basis of which was developed a method 
of complex assessment of the level of innovative potential of 
enterprise personnel (Starr-Glass, 2017). They were: Intensity of 
innovation processes (innovations speed); intellectual development 
of personnel; level of professionalism (competence of personnel); 
educational level; level of information and communication 
support; investment in innovation and the achieved technical 
and technological level of the enterprise; ensuring long-term 
competitiveness; ensuring financial sustainability and innovation 
effectiveness; psychological climate. According to the proposed 
methodology, 9 indices (on a point scale) are evaluated expertly 
for a particular enterprise, with the maximum development of the 
planned results (Ness and Cope, 2016) corresponding to the unit. 
The dynamics of employment in the Russian Federation, in the 
energy sector is presented in Table 1. Employment of the population 
is represented as a percentage of the total number of industries.

In 2010, primary energy consumption in Russia almost reached the 
level of the pre-crisis peak of 2008, and in 2014 it exceeded it by 
3%. According to preliminary estimates for 2015, it fell to almost 
the level of 2008. In 2007–2014, the most dynamically energy 
consumption grew in transport and non-energy needs (Shuen 
et al., 2014; Buley et al., 2016). In 2015, Russia’s GDP remained 
approximately at the level of 2008 and 1990. Primary energy cons 
umption was lower than in 1990, by 27%. Russia is moving to 
a growth model when slow GDP growth is not accompanied by 
an increase in energy consumption. Many developed countries 
have been developing for this model for 10–20 years. For the 
developers of the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation this 
development seems strange and undesirable. In it, in all scenarios, 
primary energy consumption continues to grow. The dynamics of 
energy consumption in Russia by main sectors of the economy is 
presented in Figure 3.

An important factor is the characteristics of the dynamics of the 
regional economy. In regions where the gross regional product 
(GRP) grew dynamically, the energy intensity decreased more 
rapidly, and vice versa. This was due to more dynamic structural 
shifts in favor of less energy-intensive activities, increased 
capacity utilization, more dynamic modernization of equipment 
and buildings due to more intensive implementation of energy 
efficiency policies and programs (Dilaver et al., 2014). Also, an 
important role in the dynamics of primary energy consumption 
is the growth of their use for non-energy needs. Perhaps, when 

Figure 1: Dynamics of oil production in the world

Figure 2: Explored world oil reserves by region, %



Bogomolova et al.: Human Capital of Transnational Corporations in the Energy Sector

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy | Vol 8 • Issue 6 • 2018 131

comparing regions by the energy intensity level of GRP, this 
component of energy consumption should not be taken into account.

To do this, it should be more clear than what Rosstat is currently 
doing, it is determined what is included and how the use of energy 
for non-energy needs is determined (Burke and Stephens, 2017). 
Another problem is the assignment of energy consumption in 
interregional transport systems - pipelines, railways, airports - to 
consumption of individual regions and a change in the statistics of 
accounting for these volumes. The third reason is the poor quality 
of data on fuel consumption in road transport. The dynamics of the 
world production of energy resources is shown in Figure 4. The 
distribution of energy consumption by sectors of the economy is 
shown in Figure 5.

For example, the structure of energy distribution by industry in 
Ugra is described in Figure 6.

The total volume of electricity consumption and generation in 
Russia as a whole consists of indicators of electricity consumption 
and production of facilities located in the Unified Energy System of 
Russia and facilities operating in isolated power systems (Taymyr, 
Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Magadan, Chukotka, power systems in 
central and western Yakutia). The actual performance of the energy 
systems of isolated territories is represented by the subjects of 
operational dispatch control of these power systems. From January 
1, 2017, the consumption and output indicators for UES of Russia 
and UES of the South are formed taking into account the Crimean 
energy system. The maximum consumption of electric power in 
the UES of Russia in 2017 was fixed on 9 January. Its value was 
151 170 MW, which is 0.1% more than the same indicator in 2016 
(Mahmood and Ahmad, 2018).

The increase in electricity and capacity consumption by UES of 
Russia in 2017 is due to the temperature factor: In February 2017, 
the power system experienced a significant decrease in the outside 
air temperature relative to the same indicator in 2016 - by 4.6°C. 
The average monthly air temperature, which was lower than in 
2016, was also in April–August 2017.

The main load for ensuring the demand for electricity in the UES 
of Russia in December 2017 was carried by thermal power plants, 
the production of which amounted to 62.2 billion kWh, which is 
4.7% less than in December 2016. The hydropower plant produced 
14.4 billion kWh in the same month (5.6% more than in December 
2016), the nuclear power plant output was 18.5 billion kWh (4.0% 
less than in December 2016), the development of power plants 
of industrial enterprises - 5.5 billion kW • h (0.2% more than in 
December 2016). The maximum power consumption by UES of 
Russia in December 2017 was 146 526 MW, which is less than 
the maximum capacity consumption in December 2016 by 3.0%.

The decrease in electricity and capacity consumption in December 
2017 relative to the same month of 2016 is due to the temperature 
factor: The average monthly outside air temperature in December 
2017 as a whole for the UES of Russia was −6.1°C, which is 4.6% 
higher than the December 2016 temperature FROM. The branch 
structure of the power supply potential is shown in the Figure 7.

The authors considered an example of the use of energy resources 
in the Republic of Belarus. The main amount of electricity in 
the republic is consumed in industry. A feature of the electric 
power industry in Belarus is that almost 100% of all electricity 
produced is provided by thermal power plants that operate on 
imported fuel (fuel oil, natural gas). More than 50% of electricity 
is generated in the Minsk and Gomel regions (Pereira and Silva, 
2017). But the most powerful thermal power plant in the Republic 
of Belarus is Lukomlskaya GRES with a capacity of 2.4 million 
kW (2.4 GW) located in the Vitebsk region. About 1 GW has 
capacity Berezovskaya GRES, the smaller - Smolevichskaya and 
Vasilevichskaya GRES. Part of the electricity is generated by CHP 
plants located in large cities (Minsk, Vitebsk, Gomel, etc.) as well 
as at CHP plants at some Belarusian enterprises: Sugar factories, 
the Belaruskaliy association, the Dobrush paper mill. The energy 
system of the country includes the patriarch of the domestic 
energy-BelGRES, which was erected in 1930. It is located in the 
bowels of peat bogs two dozen kilometers from Orsha in the town 
of Orekhovsk, Orsha district. And now let’s imagine the amount of 
energy used in Russia (Figure 8). These indicators affect, among 
other things, the number of employed people in a particular sector 
of the economy.

The increase in energy consumption is proportional to the growth 
of the population of the planet (which continues to increase). 
Following the increase in energy consumption in industrialized 
countries, which have risen sharply since the 1920s, in developing 
countries, such growth began in the 1960s, and continues at a 
similar pace, sometimes even ahead of schedule. The peak of 
oil production falls on 2000–2025, gas - in different countries 
is in the interval between 2000 and 2040; but by 2100, and 
according to the optimistic and pessimistic scenario, a significant 
decline is expected. The reason is that stocks are exhaustible. 
So, as of 2005, oil has already produced 152 billion tons, proven 
reserves - 179 billion tons; gas already produced 86 trillion. m3, 

Table 1: Structure of employment in the energy sector, %
Activity\year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2014 2016
Power engineering 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2

Figure 3: Dynamics of energy consumption in Russia by main sectors 
of the economy



Bogomolova et al.: Human Capital of Transnational Corporations in the Energy Sector

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy | Vol 8 • Issue 6 • 2018132

proven reserves of 180 trillion cubic meters. At the same time, we 
should not forget that all readily available deposits have already 
been worked out, which means that each newly extracted unit of 
organic fuel will cost more and more (Wang et al., 2016).

Taking into account the above, starting from 2011 the unsatisfied 
energy demand is predicted, which will grow and by 2050 will 
amount to more than 5 million tons of oil equivalent. Russia is for the 
most part a northern country with very significant heating costs, still 
far behind developed countries in terms of energy efficiency of the 
economy. The specific energy intensity of the Russian economy (in 
terms of purchasing power parity) is 2.5 times higher than the world 
average, 2.8 times higher than the average for the OECD countries 
and 3.5 times higher than the energy intensity of Japan’s GDP. The 

reasons for this situation, apart from the harsh climatic conditions 
and the territorial factor, are the structure of industrial production 
formed over a long period of time and the growing technological 
backwardness of energy-intensive industries and housing and 
communal services, as well as an underestimation of the cost of 
energy resources that does not stimulate energy saving (Dilaver et al., 
2014). The existing energy saving potential in Russia is about 40-45% 
of current energy consumption, or * million tons of equivalent fuel. 
The application of the algorithm for all industrial instruments, based 
on the energy company OAO NK “Rosneft” (Table 2).

Thus, the proposed methods of analysis and evaluation make it 
possible to really assess the level of social work carried out at 
the levels of individual directions. All this allows not only to 
increase the efficiency of reproduction of the human potential 
of the corporation, but also to strengthen the company’s market 
positions through the formation of its positive image and increase 
of investment attractiveness.

4. CONCLUSIONS

The energy complex is developing at an ever-increasing rate. But 
for the development of a certain industry, including energy, it is 
necessary to attract human resources. The transnationalization of 
human capital is carried out in the structure of control, concentration 
and monopolization of TNCs on the basis of: International 
migration - labor and education; international production, scientific 
and technical, innovative cooperation; international private equity 
movement; international cooperation, the organization of which is 
not connected with participation in the capital.

Figure 4: Dynamics of world production of energy resources, billion 
tons of electricity

Figure 5: Structure of natural gas consumption in Russia

Figure 6: Structure of energy distribution by industry in Ugra

Figure 7: Branch structure of the power supply potential

Figure 8: The structure of energy consumption in Russia



Bogomolova et al.: Human Capital of Transnational Corporations in the Energy Sector

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy | Vol 8 • Issue 6 • 2018 133

Thus, the human capital of transnational corporations are – 
controlled, concentrated and monopolized by TNCs knowledge, 
abilities and skills of workers engaged in its global supply system, 
which is a resource of creation and growth of value, income and 
a factor of international competitiveness. The monopolization 
of human capital by transnational corporations has conflicting 
consequences for national economies. The transnationalization 
of human capital is a factor in its globalization. The components 
of global human capital, which is formed under the influence of 
post-industrial social changes, is the human capital of TNCs, 

regional integration entities, network electronic communities, 
international and transnational innovation clusters. In practice, the 
functioning of the system of managing the social development of 
an enterprise in accordance with the objective logic of the basic 
functions of management is in the form of planning, organization 
and control in the sphere of reproduction of the human potential 
of the business entity.

The recently adopted concept of “corporate social policy (CSP)” 
embraces both the processes of social development of the 

Table 2: Assessment of the effectiveness of OAO NK Rosneft, 2016
Company CSP tools OJSC “Rosneft Oil 

Company”
Absolute value Scores

Average monthly calculated salary (thousand rubles) 61.023 8.8
The ratio of the average monthly salary in the company to that in the region (%) 228 10
Salary score 9.4
Annual labor protection costs per employee (thousand rubles/person) 24.28 10
The number of victims at work to the number of the corporation employees (in per mille) 0.2 10
Labor safety assessment score 10
Number of employees covered in the reporting year by production training to the number of the corporation 
employees (%)

75.6 10

The ratio of annual expenses for industrial training to the annual remuneration fund (%) 0.35 2.1
Production training score 6.05
"Social partnership" instrument
Number of the trade union members in relation to the number of the corporation employees (%) 24.1 2
The share of employees covered by the collective contract (%) 72.8 7.5
Score values of social partnership 4.75
CSP score in the production sphere 7.55
Salary indexing efficiency (%) 9.5 10
The ratio of the nominal salary index to the consumer price index (in the number of times) 1.1 10
Salary indexing scores 10
The amount of annual payments of a social nature per employee (thousand rubles/person) 35.6 6.8
The ratio of the annual social benefit fund to the annual remuneration fund (%) 4.95 4.9
Social package scores 5.85
Amount of annual expenses for medical and sanatorium-resort services per employee (thousand rubles/person) 9.5 1.9
Annual housing costs per participant of the relevant programs (thousand rubles/person) 650 10
Annual payments on the pension program per participant (thousand rubles/person) 23.8 2.3
Scores of the fundamental social benefits 4.73
CSP score in the consumption sphere 6.86
Number of employees covered in physical culture and sports by number of employees (%) 47 7
The amount of annual expenses for physical culture and sport per one employee of the corporation (thousand 
rubles/person)

1.98 3.3

Physical culture and sports scores 5.15
Number of employees covered by cultural events to the number of employees (%) 41 6
The amount of annual expenses for cultural events per employee (thousand rubles/person) 1.98 4.1
Cultural events scores 5.05
Number of employees covered by active recreation and tourism to the number of employees (%) 42 6
The amount of annual expenses for active recreation and tourism per one employee of the corporation (thousand 
rubles/person)

1.99 4

Active recreation and tourism scores 5
CSP score in the recreation sphere 5.07
The share of environmental expenses in the total social costs of the corporation (%) 58.23 10
The ratio of the environmental expenses to the net profit of the corporation (%) 3.15 5.5
Environmental protection scores 7.75
The share of expenses on regional social infrastructure in the total social costs of the corporation (%) 13.7 6.2
The ratio of the expenses regional to the social infrastructure and the net profit of the corporation (%) 0.72 1.75
Regional social infrastructure scores 3.98
The share of expenses for the support of small nations and local traditions in the total social costs of the corporation (%) 5.12 8.3
The ratio of the expenses for the support of small nations and local traditions to the net profit of the corporation (%) 0.29 2.75
Support for small nations and local traditions scores 5.52
CSP score in the sphere of a certain habitat 5.75
CSP scores in general
(On a 10-score system)

6.31



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International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy | Vol 8 • Issue 6 • 2018134

enterprise and the management system for them. In the light of the 
foregoing, it can be argued that the categories “social management 
system of the enterprise” and “CSP” (in its management part) 
are synonymous. Managing the reproduction of human potential 
in the production sector is based on the use of the following 
tools: Labor remuneration; labor protection; production training; 
social partnership. When managing the reproduction of human 
potential in the sphere of consumption, such social instruments 
are used: Indexation of wages; providing employees with a 
decent social package; meeting the needs of staff in basic social 
goods and services. The main tasks of the methods of analysis 
and evaluation of the CSP are to ensure the measurement of the 
social management’s results both for each instrument and for their 
enlarged groups and the system of social management in general. 
To this end, based on the analysis of RSC data, social reports 
of leading corporations on the website of the RUIE, JSC UMC 
statistics, interviews with employees and experts, we developed 
the following principal algorithm: Two or three key indicators 
(parameters) are substantiated for each CSP tool, which most fully 
characterize the essence of the tool used; to ensure comparison 
and reducibility of the above indicators, their specific values are 
translated into points on a specially developed 10-point scale.

The sums of the scores obtained make it possible to assess the 
effectiveness, firstly, of each instrument separately, secondly, their 
groups in the sphere of CSP, and thirdly, the social management 
system of the enterprise as a whole. All this allows not only to 
increase the efficiency of reproduction of the human potential 
of the corporation, but also to strengthen the company’s market 
positions through the formation of its positive image and increase 
of investment attractiveness.

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