International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences ISSN 2720-9644 (print); ISSN 2721-0871 (online) https://journalkeberlanjutan.com/index.php/ijesss 397 TRENDS OF ELEMENTS FE AND MN IN COAL MINING WASTE AT TENGGARONG DISTRICT KUTAI KARTANEGARA EAST KALIMANTAN Volume: 3 Number: 2 Page: 397 - 403 1Sujiman SUJIMAN, 2Sundek HARIYADI 1,2Engineering Faculty Kutai Kartanegara University, Tenggarong East Kalimantan, Indonesia Corresponding author: Sujiman SUJIMAN E-mail: kasnadisujiman@gmail.com Article History: Received: 2022-03-29 Revised: 2022-05-26 Accepted: 2022-07-19 This study aims to determine the condition of Fe and Mn waste and determine the tendency of Fe and Mn elements in several coal mine depositional ponds in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. The results showed that in one mine the concentration of Fe at the inlet settling pond location was between 0.0268 – 6.454 mg/lt and Mn (0.022-1.38) mg/lt, and at the out let location it was between 0.149- 2.69 mg/lt and Mn between (0.01-1.33) mg/lt. At the inlet settling pond mine location 2 is between (1.26 – 62.3) mg/lt, Mn (0.022-0.96) mg/lt, and at the out let location is between (0.067-2.27) mg/ltd, and Mn between (0.010-1.17) mg/lt. At mine three locations, between (0.15 – 3.21) mg/lt, Mn (0.022-1.52)1mg/lt, and at the out let location, between (0.079-1.521) mg/lt and Mn was at between (0.01- 0.72). ) mg/lt. Meanwhile at mine site 4, between (1.67 – 27.00) mg/lt and Mn (0.001-0.658) mg/lt, and at the outlet location, between (0.11-1.387) mg/lt, Mn between ( 0.01- 1.13) mg/lt The trend of Fe waste in mine 1, January to March 2020 shows an increase, where in March it was very high up to 6,454 mg/lt. Then it fell again to 0.899 mg/lt in May, then rose slightly again until September. The trend of Fe concentration in mining for nine months is still below the quality standard set by the government. Meanwhile in Mine 4 the concentration of Fe tends to be high in February 2020. Meanwhile, for other months the concentration is quite good. Keywords: Condition of Fe and Mn, The Tendency of Fe and Mn, Settling Pounds of Coal Cite this as: SUJIMAN, S., HARIYADI, S. (2022) “Trends Of Elements Fe And Mn In Coal Mining Waste At Tenggarong District Kutai Kartanegara East Kalimantan.” International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences, 3 (2), 397 - 403. INTRODUCTION The trend of the impact of mining in different countries is different. For example, mining in southern Brazil shows that mining waste products have a very low pH between 3.2 to 4.6, but after being managed, the pH becomes 7.2 to 7.5 (Campaner. V.P. et al. 2013). It is different from mines in Pennsylvania that the pH resulting from various mining processes is between 2.5 to 4, which has an impact of 8 km on the watershed (Cravotta. A.C. et al. 2015) Research conducted by Levens. R.L., Marcy. A.D., and Boldt 2016. In general, the impact of mining in the United States by backfilling can reduce the occurrence of acid mine drainage because areas with high acid mine drainage can be covered with this material. In addition, it also has a negative impact, such as having uneven grains. Meanwhile, the behavior of Fe and Al elements in acid mine drainage, if the acid water has a pH below 4.5, then the Fe elements present in the minerals Melanterite (Fe2 SO4 • 7H2O), Rozenite Fe2SO4 • 4H2O, Szomolnokite Fe2SO4 • H2O, Copiapite Fe2Fe4(SO4 )6(OH)2 20H2O, Coquimbite Fe2(SO4)3 • 9H2O, Rhomboclase (H3O)Fe3(SO4)2 • 3H2O, Halotrichite Fe2Al2(SO4)4 • 22H2O, and if the pH is 4.5 to 5 then formed is the element Al in the minerals Gibbsite Al(OH)3, alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6, Jurbanite Al(SO4)(O.H.) 5H2O, Basaluminite Al4(SO4)(O.H.) • 5H2O, Hydrobasaluminite Al4(SO4)( OH)10 •(Espana JS, 2007). The content of Fe, Mn and Al in postal areas in Malaysia that Fe content is between (0.15-0.77) mg/lt, Mn elements are between (0.04-0.08) mg/lt, and Al elements are between (0.04-0.08) mg/lt ( Othman. R., Ali QAM, Ramya. R., 2016). Meanwhile, the results of research from Pan.L., 2021 mailto:kasnadisujiman@gmail.com International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences ISSN 2720-9644 (print); ISSN 2721-0871 (online) https://journalkeberlanjutan.com/index.php/ijesss 398 regarding the impact of coal mining in southern China according to F. m. et al. l 2012 that the results of Brazilian coal mining indicate that the pH is increasingly acidic, with the presence of metallic minerals Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and others that make poison for life. The waste results around the research site at PT Kaltim Prima Coal East Kutai, the concentration of Fe metal in three samples at three settling pond locations, the first containing 6.810 mg/lt, the second 11.00 mg/ltd and the third 10.60 mg/lt. This concentration shows that it is already above the environmental quality standard. So there is a need for serious management (Nugeraga. Sumiyati. S., and Samudro. G., 2010) According to the Kutai Kartanegara Regency Government, the Protocol and Communications Section of the leadership of Jl. Wolter Monginsidi No.1 Tenggarong 75511 - Kutai Kartanegara - East Kalimantan, published in the daily news on 27 February 2022 that the coal mining area is the largest in East Kalimantan, with an area of 1.2 million hectares or 400 mining business permits which will have severe environmental impacts. METHODS This research was conducted in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, with the following types and sources of data: The sample taken is the wastewater from coal mining activities originating from several mines in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The Fe and Total Mn waste concentration in mine wastewater by giving lime and alum coagulant. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The laboratory analysis results taken from pollutants at the inlet and outlet of the waste collection pond from 4 locations of coal mining activities, which were taken every month from January to September 2020, are shown in Tables 1 to 4. Table 1. List of waste analysis results from mine inlet and outlet 1 No. Location Quality Standards Quality In let Quality Out let Month of Measured Year 2020 Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) 1 Mine 1 BL-TS-II 7,00 4,00 0,268 0,129 0,571 0,023 January 2 7,00 4,00 2,440 0,064 0,871 0,010 February 3 7,00 4,00 6,454 0,022 0,149 0,099 March 4 7,00 4,00 2,372 0,026 0,305 0,071 April 5 7,00 4,00 0,899 0,059 0,531 0,055 May 6 7,00 4,00 2,540 1,380 2,690 1,330 June 7 7,00 4,00 1,049 0,051 1,423 0,027 July 8 7,00 4,00 1,640 0,010 0,080 0,010 August 9 7,00 4,00 2,339 0,054 0,552 0,057 September Mining waste 1 shows that the condition of the wastewater at both the inlet and outlet does not exceed the environmental quality standard. Only from the results of environmental management that the concentration of Fe and Mn elements decreases every month, indicating that the company complies with existing regulations. Table 2: List of waste analysis results from mine inlet and outlet 2 No. Location Quality Standards Quality In let Quality Out let Month of Measured Year 2020 Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) 1 Mine 2 7,00 4,00 14,25 0,022 0,900 0,075 January International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences ISSN 2720-9644 (print); ISSN 2721-0871 (online) https://journalkeberlanjutan.com/index.php/ijesss 399 2 PDL- HDK- CHARLIE 7,00 4,00 34,14 0,031 0,689 0,214 February 3 7,00 4,00 62,30 0,020 0,138 0,027 March 4 7,00 4,00 5,56 0,054 0,231 0,100 April 5 7,00 4,00 5,37 0,074 1,242 0,051 May 6 7,00 4,00 1,72 0,960 2,270 1,170 June 7 7,00 4,00 3,34 0,033 1,206 0,021 July 8 7,00 4,00 2,18 0,010 0,067 0,010 Agustust 9 7,00 4,00 1,26 0,055 0,774 0,004 September There is a condition of mine waste two that needs to be watched out from January to May 2020. From January to March 2020, the Fe content exceeds the quality standard set by the government. Meanwhile, April-May 2020 is still within the set limits, but we still have to be careful. After managing the waste and reanalyzing it, the water is in normal condition. Table 3: List of waste analysis results from mine inlet and outlet 3 No. Location Quality Standards Quality In let Quality Out let Month of Measured Year 2020 Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) 1 Mine 3 CB-VD BL-TSII 7,00 4,00 0,27 0,129 0,571 0,023 January 2 7,00 4,00 2,95 0,017 0,675 0,022 February 3 7,00 4,00 1,28 0,022 0,149 0,099 March 4 7,00 4,00 2,37 0,026 0,491 0,066 April 5 7,00 4,00 0,90 0,059 1,521 0,060 May 6 7,00 4,00 2,54 1,380 1,120 0,720 June 7 7,00 4,00 3,21 0,032 1,423 0,027 July 8 7,00 4,00 0,15 0,010 0,079 0,010 Agustust 9 7,00 4,00 1,72 0,056 0,552 0,057 September The condition of mine wastewater 3 shows that both the inlet and outlet do not exceed the environmental quality standards from government regulations. Only from the results of environmental management that the concentration of Fe and Mn elements decreases every month, indicating that the company complies with existing regulations. Table 4: List of waste analysis results from mine inlet and outlet 4 No. Location Quality Standards Quality In let Quality Out let Month of Measured Year 2020 Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) Fe (mg/lt) Mn (mg/lt) 1 Mine 4 PDL- HDK- ROMEO 7,00 4,00 14,25 0,031 0,796 0,042 January 2 7,00 4,00 27,00 0,037 0,807 0,244 February 3 7,00 4,00 9,51 0,658 0,110 0,010 March 4 7,00 4,00 5,56 0,043 0,277 0,028 April 5 7,00 4,00 9,46 0,091 0,799 0,059 May 6 7,00 4,00 1,67 0,900 2,350 1,130 June 7 7,00 4,00 2,64 0,041 1,387 0,227 Julu 8 7,00 4,00 2,18 0,010 0,076 0,010 Agustust 9 7,00 4,00 2,58 0,250 0,770 0,064 September International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences ISSN 2720-9644 (print); ISSN 2721-0871 (online) https://journalkeberlanjutan.com/index.php/ijesss 400 The condition of this mine waste 2 needs to be watched from January to May and June 2020. From January to May and June 2020, the Fe content exceeds the quality standard set by the government. After managing the waste and reanalyzing it, the water is in normal condition. The trend of Fe and Mn elements in coal mine waste. Mine 1. The laboratory analysis results at the in let settling pond location in mine one from March to September 2020, total Fe and Mn decreased. Meanwhile, the trend of Fe concentration from January to March 2020 showed an increase of up to 6,454 mg/lt. Then it again reduced to 0.899 mg/lt in May, then rose slightly again until September. It is due to the mining process from January to March, namely, taking overburden on sandstones with hematite mineral nodules. During that month, the concentration of iron values is high. The concentration of Mn is not too high, still below the required quality standard, but after management, in the settling pond with the addition of lime and alum, the concentration of Fe and Mn is very low, as shown in Figure 1. Fig.1. Waste Trend Fe and Mg at Mine 1 for 9 Month Mine 2. at the in let settling pond location, shows a decrease in total Fe and total Mn as in mine 1. The trend of Fe concentration from January to March 2020 shows an increase, whereas, in March, it was very high, up to 62.30 mg/lt. Then it decreased again until September. This location has a sandstone lithology containing iron metal elements, so the concentration is very high, as shown in Figure 2. 0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Q u a li ty F e , M n Month Waste Trend Fe and Mn at Mine 1 Fe Quality Standart (mg/lt) Mn Quality Standart (mg/lt) Fe Quality In Let (mg/lt) Mn Quality In Let (mg/lt) International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences ISSN 2720-9644 (print); ISSN 2721-0871 (online) https://journalkeberlanjutan.com/index.php/ijesss 401 Fig.2. Waste Trend Fe and Mg at Mine 2 for 9 Month Mine 3. The Fe and Mn waste concentration at the Mine 3 location is not too high. The trend of the concentration of Fe for nine months is still below the quality standard set by the government. The trend of Fe and Mn elements in coal mine waste is shown in Figure 3. Fig.3. Waste Trend Fe and Mg at Mine 3 for 9 Month Mine 4. The laboratory analysis results at the in let settling pond at mine four total Fe and total Mn showed a decrease. The tendency for high concentrations of Fe in February 2020. Meanwhile, for other months the concentration is low. Due to the mining process in February, it took overburden on sandstones containing mineral fragments containing iron elements. While the concentration of Mn is not too high, it is still below the required quality standard, but after management in the settling pond with the addition of lime and alum, the concentrations of Fe and Mn are very low. The trend of Fe and Mn elements in coal mine waste is shown in Figure 4. 0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Q u a li ty F e , M n Month Waste Trend Fe and Mn at Mine 2 Fe Quality Standart (mg/lt) Mn Quality Standart (mg/lt) Fe Quality In Let (mg/lt) Mn Quality In Let (mg/lt) 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Q u a li ty F e , M n Month Waste Trend Fe and Mn at Mine 3 Fe Quality Standart (mg/lt) Mn Quality Standart (mg/lt) Fe Quality in Let (mg/lt) Mn Quality in Let (mg/lt) Fe Quality Out Let (mg/lt) International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences ISSN 2720-9644 (print); ISSN 2721-0871 (online) https://journalkeberlanjutan.com/index.php/ijesss 402 Fig.4. Waste Trend Fe and Mg at Mine 4 for 9 Month CONCLUSION The results of this study and conclusions that can be drawn are as follows: The laboratory analysis results at the inlet settling pond location of 4 mines in Kutai Kartanegara Regency show that only three mines are still below the environmental quality standard. While mines 1,2, and 4, the results are above the environmental quality standards. The trend of Fe and Mn wastes, in general, decreased, both at the inlet and outlet locations of all mines. REFERENCES Campaner. V P., Silva W L., Machado W., 2013., Geochemistry of acid mine drainage from a coal mining area and processes controlling metal attenuation in stream waters, southern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2014) 86(2): (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences). Espana. J.S., 2007., The Behavior of Iron and Aluminium in Acid Mine Drainage, Speciation, Mineralogy, and Environmental Significance, Instituto Geologico Minero de Espana, Madrid, Spain. 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