International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) – eISSN: 1865-7923 – Vol. 15, No. 08, 2021
Short Paper—Emergency Medical Management for EducationInnovative Applications in Dealing…
Emergency Medical Management for Education
Innovative Applications in Dealing with Tsunami
Disasters
https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i08.21577
Syamsul Bachri, Alfian Eko Prastyo (), Yudi Tri Harsono,
Muhammad Iqbal Akbar, Khaidir Rahman
Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
alfianeko01@gmail.com
Abstract—In 2018 until 2019 there were three events, namely tsunami in
Banten, Lampung and Central Sulawesi Provinces. The total death toll in the
tsunami reached 3,754 and the number of victims suffering injuries amounted to
18,493. One effort that can be implemented to minimize this impact is to
develop an Android-based emergency medical disaster response application for
Communities Residing in Tsunami Prone Areas. The application was developed
with fifth stages that are emphatize, define, ideate, prototype, testing. The first
stage includes interviews and gathering information about problems that occur
in area disaster. The define stage includes formulating problems that occur in
the field and trying to solve those problems with solutions. At the Ideate stage
the system architecture is designed using UML design and User Interface
design. Furthermore, a prototype design was made which was adjusted to the
results of the analysis carried out in the previous stage. The testing phase
includes the results of the test material, Usability and Functionality suitability
show that the application of emergency medical disaster’s response has eligible
to be implemented in communities in areas prone to tsunami natural disasters.
With the breakdown of the Usability testing results reached 86.3%, and the
Functionality Suitability testing reached 100%, and the material test results
reached 100%. This application use for improving an education Tsunami
disaster response based on problem and creative thinking.
Keywords—Emergency medical management, tsunami disaster, problem and
creative thinking
1 Introduction
Natural disaster mitigation efforts have been made in recent years in high-risk
countries affected by natural disasters, such as Japan, the United States, Chile, New
Zealand, and Indonesia [13]. The system of preparedness for earthquake and tsunami
hazards needs to be improved to reduce the economic and social impacts of potential
earthquake events in the future [24]. Among several countries prone to tsunami-
affected natural disasters, Indonesia is in one of the most active zones, with 34 major
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Short Paper—Emergency Medical Management for EducationInnovative Applications in Dealing…
events that have the potential to cause tsunami natural disasters in the past 20 years
[14]. In 2018 until 2019 there were 3 tsunami natural disaster events in Indonesia,
namely tsunamis in Banten, Lampung and Central Sulawesi Provinces. The total
death toll in the tsunami reached 3,754 and the number of victims suffering injuries
amounted to 18,493 [4]. The factors that can cause natural disasters cause many
victims, namely the lack of information and early warning which causes
unpreparedness, and the inability to face the threat of danger [17]. This fact makes the
presentation of information about preparedness for natural disasters important, and the
safety of victims of the tsunami disaster requires proper and quick help. This is
important to be done to prevent a greater impact on victims. Today to get fast and
accurate information about natural disaster warnings and post-natural disaster
reporting is done manually by the officer in charge. This will take time and energy
and less effective because not all people get the information and cannot report
themselves when a natural disaster occurs.
Application development research related to natural disaster mitigation has been
carried out with case studies of flood alert in the Mushim River Basin in Korea.
Azam, et al [3] research results show that the development of the application can be
used as a recommendation for the government to take further action to send
information to the public. In addition, application development research related to
natural disaster mitigation has been carried out with case studies of tsunami natural
disaster evacuation using mobile applications. The research results of [15] showed
that the development of the application was useful for tsunami victims to receive
recommendations on where to go when the tsunami struck.
Based on the above background, we need a system to provide warnings to the
community and report the situation after a natural disaster occurs. Information will be
made in the system for how to deal with tsunami natural disasters, reporting the
condition of disaster victims if medical assistance is needed in the form of physical or
non-physical injuries, as well as the latest location reporting so that officers can find
the last location of victims to be rescued. So the researchers intend to conduct
research and development entitled "Development of Android-Based Emergency
Medical Disaster Response Applications for Communities in Areas Prone to Tsunami
Natural Disasters".
2 Method
2.1 Research and development models
The research and development model used in this development uses a procedural
model. The procedural model describes the flow or steps that are followed to produce
an emergency medical disaster response application. The design model used in this
study is the design thinking development model. Design Thinking is a method of
solving problems that focus on the user or user to make prototypes, provide
comments, and redesign [18]. Design Thinking has five stages of the process carried
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Short Paper—Emergency Medical Management for EducationInnovative Applications in Dealing…
out from the beginning of development to the product of the development, these are
the following stages: (1) Emphatize, (2) Define, (3) Ideate, (4) Prototype, (5) Testing.
Fig. 1. Model Design Thinking
1. Emphatize
First stage of Design Thinking is emphatize. The benefit of this emphatize phase is
to find out the experiences, emotions, and situations of the user. After the researcher
analyzed the user's condition and the surrounding environment, the researcher
conducted a literature study and interviews with several volunteers from IPPMST
(Central Sulawesi Youth and Student Association) Malang, as well as the community
in Srigonco Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency. It aims to extract a number of
concrete data and information in the field relating to the handling of victims of the
tsunami disaster, so that an overview is obtained to find out the problems and desires
of potential system users.
2. Define
After researchers understand the needs of users, then researchers need to find a
solution to the user problems that will be the basis of the product or application to be
made. This can be done by making a list of user needs and using knowledge about the
conditions that are happening. Researchers found several things including the
following: (1) Lack of information about education on how to deal with the natural
disaster of the tsunami (2) At the time after the disaster occurred, in the data
collection of victim is still done manually (3) Slow in responding to report from the
public who need medical assistance (4) Communities affected by the tsunami natural
disaster require quick and effective treatment.
3. Ideate
With existing needs, the researcher needs to describe the solution needed. At this
stage, researchers design the Medical disaster response application in accordance with
the results of the previous analysis. At this stage the problem-solving description
described previously is described by the author through the Unified Modeling
Language (UML) in the form of a use case diagram.
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Fig. 2. Unified Modeling Language (UML)
4. Prototype
Pre-existing ideas need to be directly implemented in an application. A real
application needs to be generated and a solution to the problems that are in the
previous stage. Following is a prototype of the emergency medical disaster response
application in the form of a user interface. Display user interface (User interface) is a
communication mechanism between the user (user) with the system. The user
interface can receive information from the user (user) and to provide information to
the user to help directing the search for problems until a solution is found [19]. The
Interface Design of the Medical disaster mobile apps includes splash screen design,
registers and sign-ins and the main menu interface.
5. Testing
The testing phase is the stage that determines the feasibility of applications that
have been developed. Tests carried out referring to the ISO 25010 standard criteria
which include functional suitability and usability. In addition, the test criteria are also
carried out with validation of material related to the contents of the material in the
application made by medical experts. Testing the functional suitability aspect is done
by the test case method of application functions by a software expert. The use ability
aspect test was filled out by application users using a questionnaire instrument from
[11].
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3 Results and Discussion
3.1 System implementation results
At this stage, is the results of an Emergency Medical Disaster Response Mobile
Apps. The software used to create the application is Android Studio. The software
uses java programming language for logic and xml for user interface. The application
product developed is a mobile app that can be run on smartphones with the Android
operating system. Following are the results of the implementation.
Fig. 3. System Implementation Results
3.2 Application trial results
After going through the application trial process which includes testing
functionality suitability, usability and material testing. The test results are as follows.
1. Data functionality suitability testing
DataTesting functionality suitability is done using a checklist questionnaire filled
out by software experts. The results of functionality suitability testing are as follows.
Based on the table above, it can be seen the percentage of each test item is as
follows.
YES =
20
20
x100% = 100% (1)
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NO =
0
20
x100% = 0% (2)
Based on the analysis results of the calculations in the above table, then obtained
the percentage of 100% for testing functionality suitability by software experts. The
percentage results are then converted to a qualitative value based on the percentage of
eligibility scale. Based on the results of the conversion of these values, testing
functionality suitability is included in the "Very Eligible" category. The test results
show that the functions contained in the Emergency Medical Disaster Response
application are very feasible to use.
2. Usability testing data
The application was tested to people who live in areas prone to tsunami disasters
precisely in Srigonco Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency. The data obtained is
the product assessment by the user in the form of questionnaires as many as 19
questions with 4 scale answers. The questions in the questionnaire included aspects of
operability, learnability, appropriateness recognizability, user interface aesthetics.
Based on data obtained from 20 user response tests it is known that the ideal
maximum score is 80, the ideal minimum score is 20, the ideal mean score is 50, and
the ideal standard deviation score is 10.
Fig. 4. Usability Testing Data
Based on the summary of test results, the following eligibility percentage can be
obtained.
Persentase Kelayakan (%) =
Σ Skor yang diobservasi
Σ Skor yang diharapkan
x 100% (3)
=
1312
1520
x 100%= 86,3 %
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 68 76
4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 69 76
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 69 76
4 3 4 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 61 76
3 4 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 68 76
3 2 3 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 62 76
3 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 59 76
4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 70 76
3 3 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 3 64 76
4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 66 76
4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 67 76
4 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 4 3 3 2 4 3 4 64 76
3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 66 76
4 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 64 76
3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 66 76
3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 67 76
4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 63 76
3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 65 76
4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 63 76
4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 71 76
1312 1520
19 4
20 4
Skor Total
16 3
17 4
18 4
13 4
14 4
15 4
10 4
11 4
12 4
7 3
8 4
9 4
4 4
5 4
6 4
Jml.
Skor
Maks
SkorRe s ponde n 4
1 4
No As pe k Pe nilaian
2 4
3 4
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The result of the feasibility calculation was 86.3%. The percentage results are then
converted to qualitative values. Based on the results of the conversion of these values,
usability testing is included in the "Very Eligible" category.
3. Material test data
Health material testing is carried out by experienced medical experts to assess the
content of instructions or medical terms that are in the emergency medical disaster
response application.
Based on the material test, it can be seen the percentage of each test item is as
follows.
YES =
10
10
x100% = 100% (4)
NO =
0
20
x100% = 0% (5)
Based on the analysis results of the calculations in the above table, then obtained a
percentage of 100% for testing the material by medical experts. The percentage
results are then converted to a qualitative value based on the percentage of eligibility
scale. Based on the results of the conversion of these values, medical mater testing is
included in the "Very Eligible" category. The test results show that the medical
information contained in the Emergency Medical Disaster Response application is
very feasible to implement.
4 Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis and discussion of the data, the author obtained
conclusions that can be drawn from research on the Development of Android-Based
Emergency Medical Disaster Response Applications for Communities Located in
Tsunami Prone Areas as follows:
The development of emergency medical disaster response application was
developed through several stages, namely emphatize, define, ideate, prototype,
testing. The emphatize stage includes interviews and gathering information about
problems that occur in the field. The define stage includes formulating problems that
occur in the field and trying to solve those problems with solutions. At the Ideate
stage the system architecture is designed using UML design and User Interface
design. UML design is illustrated by use case diagrams and activity diagrams.
Furthermore, a prototype design was made which was adjusted to the results of the
analysis carried out in the previous stage. The results of this design are then
implemented into application development. The testing phase includes the product
testing phase by implementing the application to the user and expert validation.
The results of the material test, Usability and Functionality Suitability show that
the application of emergency medical disaster response can minimize the risk of the
impact of the tsunami disaster, this is evidenced by all the results of the test getting
the title "Very Eligible".
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6 Authors
Syamsul Bachri is a Lecturer at the Geography Department, Faculty of Social
Science, Universitas Negeri Malang.
Alfian Eko Prastyo is a Student at the Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty
of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang. Email: alfianeko01@gmail.com
Yudi Tri Harsono is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Psychology Education,
Universitas Negeri Malang.
Muhammad Iqbal Akbar is a Lecturer at the Electrical Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang.
Khaidir Rahman is a Lecturer at the Vocational Education Department, STMIK
AKBA Makassar, Indonesia.
Article submitted 2021-02-13. Resubmitted 2021-03-12. Final acceptance 2021-03-15. Final version
published as submitted by the authors.
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ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9994-2
file:///D:/I%20A%20O%20E%202021/R%20View/iJIM/iJIM%2008/Divya/alfianeko01@gmail.com