International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) – eISSN: 1865-7923 – Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i20.23715 Azizah Che Omar1(), Nurulnadwan Aziz2, Mohd Adib Abd Muin3, Subashini A/P Annamalai1, Muhamad Amar Mahmad3 1Universiti Utara Malaysia Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia 2Universiti Teknologi MARA, Terengganu, Malaysia 3Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia co.azizah@uum.edu.my Abstract—Zakat is a mandatory practice in Islam. The purpose of zakat is to help the society, share the endless boons of Allah and assists the unfortunate peo- ple to have a better quality of life. The concept of Zakat is to purify the Muslim wealth and soul. Calculation of Zakat is based on the total savings of a Muslim during one lunar (Islamic) year. Even though, paying Zakat is compulsory for all Muslims however, the knowledge of zakat and the calculation of zakat is still insufficiently explored by the Muslims themselves. Based on the initial study that has been carried out, most of the Muslims still blur and confuse in understanding the concept of zakat and the calculation of zakat. Therefore, iZakat Kedah mobile application has been developed to provides understanding of the zakat income and the calculation of zakat. Thus, this paper focuses on the development of iZakat Kedah mobile application which has been carried out through compara- tive analysis study and the evaluation of the proposed application through expert review method. Findings of the study indicates that most of the experts agreed that the iZakat Kedah mobile application provides useful knowledge in terms of zakat information and zakat calculation to the public particulary for Muslims. Keywords—mobile interaction, interaction design, comparative analysis, mobile application, zakat, expert review, user experience 1 Introduction Zakat is one of the five fundamental pillars of Islam. Allah (s.w.t.) and it is cate- gorized under obligatory charity [4,1]. The zakat system if managed efficiently will definitely have a positive impact on the socio-economic positions of the poor and needy among the Ummah [5,7]. Zakat has a number of objectives. The first is the purification of one’s wealth. Payment of zakat is a divinely ordained method to cleanse one’s heart and soul from greed and obsession for material wealth [2,4]. This enhances one’s love for Allah (s.w.t.) making one an obedient servant to Him. Even though, paying Zakat is compulsory for all Muslims however, the understanding regarding the concept of zakat 34 http://www.i-jim.org https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i20.23715 mailto:co.azizah@uum.edu.my Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application and the zakat calculation still insufficiently explored by the Muslims themselves [3,6]. Therefore, iZakat Kedah mobile application has been proposed in this study to provides better understanding to the Muslims particularly in terms of the concept of zakat and the calculation of zakat [8]. Based on previous research, most of the existing applications of zakat is too simple and less friendly to the users. It was found that, some of the application excluded the zakat calculation. Therefore, this study proposes the iZakat Kedah mobile application called iZakat Kedah that provides complete information of zakat income and the fea- tures of zakat calculation. Besides, iZakat Kedah provides interactive and interesting interaction design which enable the users to get the information automatically compared to the conventional method where the Muslims need to attend the seminars, talks, or physically go to the zakat district office to get the information of zakat. To achieve the main aim of the study, specifics objectives were formulated as stated in the next point: i. To develop the iZakat Kedah mobile application through comparative analysis method. ii. To evaluate iZakat Kedah mobile application through expert review method. 2 Comparative analysis of existing Zakat applications To identify the research gap and to extract the components and elements of exist- ing zakat applications a comparative analysis method has been carried out. They are described in the next subsection. 2.1 eZakat This application is an eZakat application from Lembaga Zakat Selangor. eZakat allows user to check previous zakat payment and access information regarding zakat. This application contains five menus, firstly home menu that consists the news of Lembaga Zakat Selangor, information or knowledge of zakat, section of information on zakat payment and form for users to make the zakat payments through online. Next, calculator for user to calculate their zakat income, business, gold and the related income. This application also provides eZakat menu that allows user to login their account by inserting username and password. Besides, branch menu which list all office branch in Selangor make it easier for user to find the nearest zakat branch and get direction to reach there via Maps as well as complete information including telephone number and fax number. This application has menu that allows user to make reports for individuals categorized as asnaf. 2.2 Kalkulator zakat terbaik This application contains mp3, calculator, and fiqih zakat. Fiqih zakat is one of the disciplines in Islam. The mp3 provides information of zakat (i.e. the important of zakat). The calculator function to calculate the zakat income, trade, gold, and savings. Fiqih zakat provides information for user to improve the understanding of zakat. It contains iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 35 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application multimedia elements (i.e. sound, text, and image). The application also provides a smooth navigation system. 2.3 Kalkulator zakat pendapatan 2013 This application only provides calculator. User need to insert the number of salary and click calculate zakat button. Then, the amount of zakat that need to pay by the user will appear. Only two multimedia elements contain in this application which are image and text. There are no sound and video provides in this application. It is simple and outdated after a year. Besides, this application also not supported by the latest version of android. 2.4 Kalkulator Zakat Kalkulator Zakat utilizes Microsoft Excel and there is no interface or any multime- dia elements provides in this application. It is online application and unsuitable to be run on android. 2.5 MyZakat Kedah MyZakat Kedah is the zakat application that provides specifically for Kedah state, Malaysia. It contains seven menus. There are zakat information, report of zakat col- lection, distribution of zakat, zakat payment search, search for zakat recipients, ICT complaint system, and menu for user to log in the system. To use the system users need to sign up the system. If not, they only enable to view the zakat information. 2.6 Matrix analysis table To provides a more comprehensive comparative analysis this study also carried out the matrix analysis table as tabulated in Table 1. Table 1. The matrix analysis of the existing zakat applications Application Alphabet Text Image Video Audio Location Calculation Animation eZakat / / / x x / x x Kalkulator Zakat Terbaik / / / x / x / x Kalkulator Zakat Pendapatan 2013 / / / x x x / x Kalkulator Zakat / x x x x x / x MyZakat Kedah / / / x x x x x iZakat Kedah / / / / / / / / Based on the performed matrix analysis (Table 1) this study a proposes a new matrix analysis to fulfil the drawbacks found in the existing applications. iZakat Kedah tabu- lated the new matrix analysis proposes by this study. 36 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application 3 Methodology To achieve the main of the study a series of research activities has been conducted as illustrated in Figure 1. Activities Outcome Phase 2 Evaluation of iZakat Kedah mobile application Method: Expert review method The prototype of iZakat Kedah mobile application Method: ADDIE Model The evaluated iZakat Kedah mobile application Phase 1 Development of iZakat Kedah mobile application Method: Comparative analysis Fig. 1. Research activities of the study This study consists of two phases. The first phase begins with the development of iZakat Kedah mobile application. A comprehensive comparative analysis has been con- ducted to extract the main components and elements required in the proposed proto- type. ADDIE Model has been utilized to develop the iZakat Kedah mobile application which discussed details in the next section. Upon complete the development, iZakat Kedah mobile application has to be evaluated. Expert review method has been carried out to evaluate the proposed application. This study selects three academicians who experts in mobile application and two content experts from higher learning institution to evaluate the proposed application. In addition, officer from Office of Zakat Kedah also involves as the content expert. Face-to-face consultation has been carried out with the experts during the evaluation process. Prior to start the evaluation, this study briefs the experts regarding the pur- pose and objective of iZakat Kedah mobile application. Then, the iZakat Kedah mobile application was played to them. The experts started to observe and use the proposed application. Having experience in using the iZakat Kedah mobile application then, a series of interview were conducted. The interview questions consist of three main sec- tion. There are (i) user interface, (ii) ease of use, and (iii) user usefulness. Experts response and verbal comments has been jotted down and discussed in this study. 4 The development of izakat kedah mobile application This study adopts the ADDIE model to develop the iZakat Kedah mobile applica- tion. It consists of five main phases which are (i) analysis (ii) design (iii) development (iv) implementation, and (v) evaluation. The details of the development process were described in Table 2. iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 37 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application Table 2. ADDIE model of iZakat Kedah mobile application Phase Description Analysis • Identify the target users • There are persons who earned income from service reward • This include employer, individual, company, and institution • Analysed the user needs • Determine the applicable features • This include the concept, font style, color and navigation button Design • Design the storyboard • Design the interface and navigation button using the Abode Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator • Organize the navigation specification Development • Develop the application of iZakat Kedah mobile application by utilizing Android Studio software Implementation • Check the functionality of iZakat Kedah mobile application Evaluation • Involves the target users to evaluate the iZakat Kedah mobile application 4.1 User interface of Izakat Kedah mobile applications The interfaces of iZakat Kedah mobile application are as depicted in Figure 2 to Figure 9. The application starts with the flash screen of iZakat Kedah (Figure 2). The user then navigated to main page of application which consists of five main menus. There are (i) Kalkulator Zakat, (ii) Informasi Zakat, (iii) Ceramah Zakat, (iv) Berita Zakat and (v) Lokasi Zakat. Two methods of calculation were provided which are method A and method B. On page Ceramah Zakat users can learn and understand the concept of zakat through seminars and talks. Meanwhile, on page Berita Zakat users obtain new info regarding zakat activities in Kedah State, Malaysia. The last but not least is page Lokasi Zakat where the users able to access the direction of Zakat Office Branch in Malaysia. 38 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application Fig. 2. Flash Fig. 3. Main menu iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 39 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application Fig. 4. Kalkulator Fig. 5. Kalkulator zakat; Kaedah A 40 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application Fig. 6. Informasi zakat Fig. 7. Ceramah zakat iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 41 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application Fig. 8. Berita zakat Fig. 9. Lokasi zakat 42 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application 5 Finding and discussion As discussed in the methodology section, there are six expert’s majority from higher learning institutions involves in the evaluation phase. There are selected based on their expertise. Experts on Mobile Application are from School of Multimedia and Com- munication. Then, content experts particularly on zakat knowledge are from Islamic Studies School including an officer from Zakat Kedah Office. The proposed mobile application was evaluated in terms of (i) user interface, (ii) ease of use, (iii) and useful- ness. A set of closed-ended interview questions were asked during the evaluation. There are discussed in the next subsection. 5.1 User interface Table 3 listed the questions related to user interface of iZakat Kedah mobile application. Table 3. Questions on user interface No. Questions Q1 Does the arrangement of the button is suitable? Q2 Does the use of font is appropriate? Q3 Does the use of colour is attractive? Q4 Does the applied graphics and image are appropriate? Regarding Q1 all experts agreed with the arrangement of buttons, however they comment on the size of the buttons. Then, Q2 related to the appropriateness of font were asked. It is resulted that all of the experts agreed with the use of font in iZakat Kedah mobile application. Going through the third questions (Q3) regarding the attrac- tiveness of color, majority of the experts agreed with the use of color, and except one expert disagreed and he suggests to use the light color or different use of color for each menu of button. Meanwhile for the last question (Q4) all of the experts agreed with the applied graphics and image but they comment to do not stretch graphics in page Info Tambahan. Figure 10 illustrates the results for user interface questions analysis. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Arrangement Button Use of Font Use of Color Graphic and Images Yes No Fig. 10. User interface question analysis iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 43 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application 5.2 Ease of use Table 4 listed the questions in terms ease of use of iZakat Kedah mobile application. Ease of use questions analysis and User usefulness questions analysis mentioned in Figure 11 & Figure 12 respectively. Table 4. Questions on ease of use No. Questions Q1 Does all the provided buttons are functionable? Q2 Does the video are well-function? Q3 Does the calculator functionable? Q4 Does the calculation of zakat provide accurate result? Based on the interview is was found that all of the experts were 100% agreed with all the questions asked in terms of ease of use of iZakat Kedah mobile application. 0 2 4 6 8 Button in the application is function correctly Video functional well Calculator is function correctly Calculator make the calculation correctly Yes No Fig. 11. Ease of use questions analysis 5.3 User usefulness Table 5 listed the questions in terms of user usefulness of iZakat Kedah mobile application. Table 5. Questions in terms of user usefulness No. Questions Q1 Do the provided contents provide sufficient knowledge to the users? Q2 Do the talks provides sufficient awareness to the users? Q3 Does the video in Berita Zakat page provides useful news and information to the users? Q4 Does the provided video provide sufficient information regarding the distribution of zakat income? Q5 Does the direction provided in page Lokasi Zakat could assists users to find the direction and location to Zakat Branch Office? Q6 Does the proposed calculator successfully expose the user to zakat income calculation? Q7 Does the calculator make user feel easy to calculate their zakat income? 44 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application In terms of user usefulness, there are seven questions have been interviewed to the experts. It was found that upon utilizes the proposed application, all of the experts agreed with the usefulness of contents, talks, video, news, direction, and calculator provides in the iZakat Kedah mobile application. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C on te nt in th e in fo rm at io n m en us g iv e th e kn ow le dg e to u se r T al k pr ov id ed in C er am ah Z ak at c an gi ve a w ar en es s V id eo p ro vi de d in B er ita Z ak at ca n pr ov id e us ef ul … V id eo p ro vi de d in B er ita Z ak at h el p us er s to kn ow w he re th e… L oc at io n m ap s an d di re ct io ns p ro vi de d in th e ap pl ic at io n m ak e… C al cu la to r h as e xp os ed us er s to z ak at in co m e ca lc ul at io n C al cu la to r h as m ad e it ea si er fo r u se rs to d o za ka t i nc om e… Yes No Fig. 12. User usefulness questions analysis 5.4 Experts’ comments Having conducted the face-to-face interview, this study then invites the experts to provide written and verbal comments to improve the proposed application particularly to fulfil the user needs. The written and verbals comments have been rearranged and presents in Table 6. Table 6. Experts’ comments Experts Comments Expert 1 • Use light color. • Provide link that directly to YouTube for talk. • Caption pop-up info in the calculator. • Information is simple and more compact in zakat information. • Add information regarding button for Kaedah A and Kaedah B. Expert 2 • Standardize the size of button. • Use similar font size. • Use bright color to attract the users. • Use different color for menu button. • Do not stretch the graphics and images. • Add information regarding button for Kaedah A and Kaedah B. (Continued) iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 45 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application Table 6. Experts’ comments (continued) Experts Comments Expert 3 • A few videos need to be removed. • Provides less heavy information. • Avoids complicated information. • Change the color of icon. • Use recognize logo of application. Expert 4 • The menu button is too prominent. • Use the light color for button. • Provides instruction of calculation method. • Add caption for direction. Expert 5 • Add additional information of zakat and distribution of zakat. • Menu page should be in one page and no need to scroll. • Menu button in one page. Expert 6 • Icon button should be in different color. • Button and font should use the same size. • Provides back button to home page in calculator page. 5.5 Evaluated iZakat Kedah mobile application Having going through all the responses and comments from the experts this study decided to amend the iZakat Kedah mobile application based on expert’s comments and recommendations. Therefore, the menu button in menu page has been redesign. Infor- mation for method of calculation has been added to button Kaedah A and Kaedah B. Remove a few videos as suggested by the experts as well as redesign a minor part related to user interface. Figure 13 depicted some samples of interface design of iZakat Kedah mobile application that has been amended. Fig. 13. User Interface amendments based on expert review suggestions 46 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application 6 Conclusion To sum up, this study has achieved the main objective which is to proposed the iZakat Kedah mobile application to the public particularly for Muslims. A comprehensive comparative analysis including matrix analysis table has been carried out to extract the main components of iZakat Kedah mobile application. ADDIE Model has been adopted phase by phase to develop the iZakat Kedah mobile application. Having completed the development part, the proposed application then sends to evaluation stage. Expert review method has been conducted to review the iZakat Kedah mobile application. A series of closed-ended questions has been asked in terms of user interface, ease of use, and user usefulness. Results indicates that most of the experts agreed with the proposed design. However, there are some comments and suggestions from the experts to improve the design quality. Having analyse, all the comments and suggestions were taken into account. The iZakat Kedah mobile application was amend according to the expert’s comments and suggestions. Future works of the study is to conduct the user experience testing of iZakat Kedah mobile application to the actual users. 7 Acknowledgements The special recognition goes to the Center of Research and Innovation Management (RMIC), Universiti Utara Malaysia for the funding provided to this study through the University Grant Scheme. In addition, thank you to the FRGS-RACER grant scheme provided by Ministry of Education, Malaysia for the technical support (SO Code 14434). Also, to our research assistant Muhammad Nurasyraf Mohd Shahar Affendi and Inas Nurshazdweeni Ibrahim for their contribution in designing and developing the iZakat Kedah mobile application as well as special thank you to all the experts who provides the valuable comments to this study. 8 References [1] Ghazali, M. Z., Saad, R., Jaffri & Wahab, N. S. A. (2016). Proposing factors influencing trust towards zakat institutions amongst moslem business owners. In The European Proceed- ings of Social & Behavioural Sciences - II International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World (WELLSO), Russia. 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International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14(5), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i05.13353 9 Authors Dr. Azizah Che Omar is a Senior Lecturer at School of Multimedia Technology and Communication (SMMTC), College of Arts and Science, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). She is actively involved in research and publication, both internationally and nationally. Her research interests are in Design Research, Multimedia Learning, Media, Interaction Design, Affective Computing, Assistive Technology and Interactive Adver- tising. She has published more than 18 journals and 20 proceedings. Ts. Dr. Nurulnadwan Aziz a Senior Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu. Currently she has been appointed as Coordinator of Research Management Unit. Her research area is Multimedia Computing and experts in Human Computer Interaction, Augmented Reality, and Assistive Technology. She also has experience as Guest Editor for high impact journals (SCOPUS and WoS). Most of her research articles has been published by the prestigious publishers such as Springer and IEEE. She has won several research grants such as FRGS and RCF. She also is an active member of IEEE Computer Society and Malaysian Board of Technologies (MBOT). Dr. Mohd Adib Abd Muin is a Senior Lecturer at Islamic Business School (IBS), College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Before joining UUM, he worked as an Assistant Manager at Bank Islam (M) Bhd under Automobile Financ- ing Department. He also involved in the research related to Muamalat, Islamic Social Entrepreneurship and Islamic Finance and Banking. Dr. Subashini Annamalai is a senior lecturer at the School of Multimedia Tech- nology and Communication, Universiti Utara Malaysia. She has hybrid experience in information technology and multimedia and has been in the education field for more than 15 years. She has published articles in many Scopus journals in the area of her expertise. Her research interest includes (but not limited to) instructional multimedia, game development and human computer interaction. Dr. Muhamad Amar Mahmad is a senior lecturer at the School of Language, Civilization and Philosophy, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Obtained a bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degree in the field of da’wah and leadership at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Expertise is in the field of contemporary da’wah and Islamic leadership. 48 http://www.i-jim.org https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3581 https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3581 https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3581 https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3581 https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.74 https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.08.74 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i05.13353 Paper—Development and Expert Review of iZakat Kedah Mobile Application He has published a few articles in the form of proceedings and journals related to da’wah and leadership. Currently, he is supervising several masters students of Islamic studies by research. Article submitted 2021-04-29. Resubmitted 2021-07-01. Final acceptance 2021-07-02. Final version published as submitted by the authors. iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 20, 2021 49