International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) – eISSN: 1865-7923 – Vol 17 No 06 (2023) Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia: Bibliometric Analysis Approach https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i06.35551 Ag Kaifah Riyard Kiflee1, Nornajihah Nadia Hasbullah2(), Siti Nurhafizah Ahmad3, Suraya Hamimi Mastor2 1 Faculty of Business, Economics and Accounting, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Bandaraya Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia 3 Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Pasir Gudang, Malaysia najihahnadia@uitm.edu.my Abstract—The covid 19 immediate impact has intensely changed global trends. At the same time, the impact covid 19 has exhilarated research interest among researchers worldwide. In Malaysia, the Movement Control Order (MCO) and travel restrictions enforced by the Malaysian Government in March 2020 have significantly hit Malaysian daily life. Therefore, understanding the topic of interest and broadening collaboration networks is critically important to advance research development. This bibliometric study examines the Covid-19 research trends in Malaysia based on publication output, prominent journals, prominent authors, affiliated countries, and author co-occurrences. Utilizing the Scopus da- tabase, 1776 articles were identified and extracted from 2020 until 2021. The result has shown that the number of articles related to Covid 19 in Malaysia sig- nificantly increased in 2021, resulting in higher cumulative total publications. Most Covid 19 research publications in Malaysia collaborated with the United Kingdom, Pakistan, and United States. The bibliometric literature in this study have declared that digital technologies have the potential to fulfill customized requirements of COVID-19 pandemic. Thinking about advance technologies and its benefits, this study is going to provide a through literature about the applica- tion of advance technologies in real-time. Despite of that, this study also mapped the literature based on topic of interest to understand the benefits and application of these technologies in different areas including pure technology, sustainability, education, tourism, psychology, food and agriculture, and the economy. Keywords—digital technology, covid 19, Malaysia, bibliometric analysis, VosViewer, Scopus database 98 http://www.i-jim.org https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i06.35551 mailto:example@example.org Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… 1 Introduction The SAR-CoV-2 pandemic has had a tremendous effect on the world. The new and unexpected global threat of the virus has posed an international challenge from any other in recorded history. Being declared as an acute and extreme difficulty by WHO (World Health Organisation) in January 2020 [1], the virus itself has fulfilled the SDGs (UN Sustainable Development Goals) criteria as one of the diseases that bring sever implications for social and economic welfare [2]. To combat the quick spread virus, most of the countries’ mitigation plans are spon- taneous and improvised based on the virus update and its impact on the com-munity and business operations [3]. Besides the threat to general health, Covid 19 virus also affects company and community daily activities, which requires an urgent contingency plan from the top executives [4]. Owners are advised to use the psycho-logical effect of the fear of the virus to ensure business sustainability and turn it into business trans- formation and survival objectives [5] [6]. Ultimately, whether to hold or continue busi- ness is placed in the executives' hands, considering all the threats that might affect the business performance [7]. It has been argued that Covid 19 has impacted all industries around the globe, but the degrees are different between industries [8]. The detrimental impact of Covid 19 outbreak has caused trillions of dollar loss around the globe and forced the existing company to adapt to different financial and operation policies and technological designs to minimize the effect [9]. For example, in the early stage of Covid 19 spread, the de- mand for grocery shops skyrocketed as people were concerned with their daily needs. However, some industries, like hospitality and airline, their business are severely im- pacted [10]. Therefore, this study employed bibliometric analysis to further understand the de- velopment of digital technology and emerging themes during Covid 19 in Malaysia by looking at the total publications, prominent authors, affiliated countries, and authors top keywords. In addition, this study also interested to examine another re-search inter- est arising from covid 19 research theme. In addition, this study also interested to examine another prominent interest arising from covid 19 research theme. 1.1 Study gap World Bank reported an approximately 54-billion-dollar loss in the global econ-omy due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2013. At the same time, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) loss has been estimated to be over 3 trillion dol-lars [11]. Covid 19 outbreak, on the other hand, reported a global economic loss of 77 billion dollars and about 3 trillion dollars in loss of economic output (GDP). It clearly shows that the pandemic imposed an immediate effect on the stability of the economy. During MCO (movement control order), people are restricted to do their daily ac- tivities which contribute to the increasing of technology usage among the people. Most of the daily activities are changed from physical to contactless activity. This indirectly has contributed to the mass usage of technology, especially the internet. Due to the iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 06, 2023 99 Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… sudden increase in the usage of mobile internet, the current available system are not able to accommodate the user’s demand. Schools, work, buying groceries, and enter- tainment activity have change to contactless which contribute to congested server es- pecially in peak hours. This situation has forced the users to delay their work which arguably inconvenience. Failure to adapt with new technology especially in education system (unfamiliar with new developed system- Webex, Zoom, Google Meet) force the student and instructors to hardly adapt with the digital transition. Relatively poor infrastructure in the country is also among the problem identified during Covid 19. Existing infra-structure arguably unable to accommodate sudden transition to digital platform. For example, the internet coverage in rural areas is not as good in urban area which re-strain the kids from joining online class. Inaccessible to good gadget is also one of the problems identified due to covid 19. Significant income gap especially among B40 are among the identified prob- lem. Government through various measures tries to reduce the gap to enhance the living standard among the people. Malaysia is among the countries severely affected by the danger of Covid 19 [12] [13]. By early June 2020, the government managed to control the outbreak; however, the fear caused by the mass gathering still affected Malaysian confidence until re- cently. Malaysia has reported significant losses due Covid 19. It is estimated that the GDP losses bear by this country is between 38 billion and 102 billion [14]. The loss mainly contributed to the manufacturing, aerospace, chemical, and tourism industries. 1.2 Research objectives Although there has been a growing interest in covid 19 effect in Malaysia, studies that specifically analyze the Covid 19 trend in Malaysia using scientific publications are relatively scarce. Most of the Covid 19 study in Malaysia is an empirical study where the researchers investigate the effect of Covid 19 towards tourism [15], entre- preneurs [16] [17] and corporate governance [8]. However, this study will analyze Ma- laysia's covid 19 publication trends using the Scopus database and VOSviewer. Based on researchers’ knowledge, this study is among the studies in Malaysia who focus on assessing the Covid 19 trend from the perspective of technology while others are conducted in other countries. It is aware that there are some of the studies who also focus on assessing Covid 19 research in Malaysia [55], however, that study focus on identifying Covid 19 research between Malaysia and Southeast Asia countries while this study focuses on international collaboration. In addition, this study also employed VOSviewer as analysis tools where researchers argue that VOSviewer application will improve the research outcome. This study also interested to identify current research topic related to Covid 19 in Malaysia which is yet to be discuss by other bibliometric studies. It is known that the articles between WoS and Scopus databases have always over- lapped in journals. However, it also argued that the articles had been indexed in differ- ent journals [18]. Scopus is well known to comprise a comprehensive abstract and ci- tations of peer-reviewed literature covering a wide range of topics [19]. Thus, this study 100 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… opts Scopus database for analysis to cover more topics that may not be available in WoS. Our objectives for this study are: 1. To analyze publication trends for Covid 19 in Malaysia from business per-spective, 2. To determine the prolific authors, leading countries, and most productive institu- tions, 3. To identify terminologies and research topics that are often employed and 4. To recommend future insight related to Covid 19 research in Malaysia. Arguably, this study will allow the researchers and policymakers to understand the impact of Covid 19 in Malaysia and provide potential research opportunities. 2 Research method This study will employ bibliometric analysis as a primary tool to analyze publica- tion trends of Covid 19 in Malaysia. Bibliometric analysis is a study that employs an academic literature database to understand the research trends of one specific topic. This approach differentiates bibliometric analysis from review papers that primarily discuss the latest progress, issues, and opportunities of one specific topic [19]. 2.1 Data collection and research strategy The data was extracted between June 5 to 8, 2022 by using the Scopus database. To find related articles, researchers only consider any research paper that contains “Covid* 19*” in the title and abstract. As this Covid 19 topic is relatively recent, all articles were published between 2020 and 2021. To extract the paper, the search string used by the researchers was (TITLE-ABS ( "covid19*" ) ) AND DOCTYPE ( ar ) AND PUBYEAR > 1959 AND PUBYEAR < 2022 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , "j" ) ) AND ( LIMIT- TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , "Malaysia" ) ) and 1776 documents were extracted through this search string. To ensure only relevant paper included for analysis purpose, addi- tional phrases were added in the query string to exclude all review papers. As a result, 76 papers were identified as irrelevant to this study. These papers were excluded as they enclosed irrelevant terms in their title and abstract. Review, recent, progress, crit- ical, revisit, advance, and highlight are some irrelevant terms that do not fit with the research objective. The Scopus unique articles identifier, EID, of the paper was added to the search string to ensure the excluded paper did not re-appear. It was argued that using the author's ID (Scopus code) to measure the author's output is much more relevant and accurate [19] [20]. It is because the Scopus author profile comprises all the essential variants, such as name, ID, and affiliation, which are crucial for the analysis. To determine the single country publication (SCP), researchers include field code AFFILCOUNTRY in the search string to limit the search to the specific country. The search string result was analyzed based on year, source, author, affiliation, field, and document specification. While total publications, total citations, h-index, and CiteScore are bibliometric indicators used to determine the article's rank. iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 06, 2023 101 Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… This study also investigated other researchers' Covid 19 theme. Among the covid 19 sub-theme studied by other researchers in Malaysia are medical, computer science, en- vironmental science, e-commerce, technology, education, entrepreneurship, and mar- keting. Each application runs a different search string to determine the sub-theme. The specific term was added to the original search string for each of the ap-plications, for example, (*Covid 19* OR “education”) or (*Covid 19* “medical”). The sub-theme search outcomes were analyzed according to the publication number per year. It is argued that there is the possibility of overlapping between one sub-theme and another. For example, Covid 19 articles in Malaysia are likely related to other country virus articles. Therefore, to lower the overlapping possibility, researchers decided to limit the Covid 19 rather than ‘C-19’, ‘CVID- 19’, and ‘Covid-19’. Limiting the Covid 19 study to Malaysia only makes the results more concentrated. 2.2 Co-authorship analysis This study conducted a co-authorship analysis, including all 135 countries with 94 authors. To determine the origin or co-authorship, this study chooses 5 main conti- nents: Asia, Europe, America, Africa, and Oceania. 2.3 Co-occurrences analysis Co-occurrences analysis on the author's keywords showed that 4378 keywords were employed from 1700 articles. Around 76 articles were excluded based on the search string due to a lack of author keywords. Prior to importing the keywords into VOSviewer, the researchers analyze for synonymic and congeneric words. The iden- tified synonymic and congeneric words are regrouped and relabeled into one generic term for comprehensive analysis. ‘Coronavirus’, ‘Covid 19’, ‘C-19’ and ‘pandemic covid 19’ are among the terms that employed by other researchers which referred to Covid 19 research. All the identified keywords are regrouped and relabeled as ‘Covid- 19’. Researchers set the minimum occurrences for keyword analysis in the VOSviewer into 5. To represent the average publication year, total occurrences, and keyword link strength, overlay visualization was opted for by the researchers. Through overlay visu- alization, researchers can determine the average publication for the year based on the color represented by the keywords (see Figure 1). Fig. 1. Cumulative publication of Covid 19 research in Malaysia for 2020 and 2021 0 2000 0 2000 2020 2021 Covid 19 publication in Malaysia Series1 Series2 102 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… 2.4 Covid 19 research The search output between the central theme (keyword co-occurrences) and appli- cations (sub-theme- total publication) was compared to determine the trends. For ex- ample, the application chosen is ‘medical,’ and in the VOSviewer application, any re- lated keywords to ‘medical’ are counted. In addition, this study also determines eight top topics related to Covid 19, actively published by Malaysian researchers. 3 Result analysis discussion 3.1 Total publication and research interest development Even though the Covid 19 topic is relatively new, the interest in this topic, espe- cially in Malaysia, is massive and escalating. This topic has attracted many re-search- ers’ attention due to its impact on the community. In the last 2 years (between 2020 and 2021), 1700 articles have been published concerning Covid 19 alone (see Figure 1). The analysis suggested that the strong interest in Covid 19 research start-ed in mid- 2020 after the country implemented a movement control order (MCO). From 2020 to 2021, the number of Covid 19 publications increased by 80% and is expected to in- crease as researchers explore the impact of Covid 19 from different aspects. This, as a result, will contribute to an increase in total cumulative publications. Despite the rapid growth, researchers have discovered that most articles are not free to access, and inter- ested users have to purchase the articles. Current and future researchers should place their articles in open-access journals to enhance the total citations. Increased total cita- tions will result in increased visibility of their paper in the database. The bibliometric analysis stated that the interest in Covid 19 research is noticeable, and many Malaysian researchers are currently working on this topic from many aspects. The subject area analysis showed that most Covid 19 research in Malaysia focuses on medicine. It is followed up by social science (404), environmental science (213), computer science (196), and business and management (181). 3.2 Top journal The study result has demonstrated that two prominent publishers actively published covid 19 topics in Malaysia. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) and Frontiers Media S.A. have two publications each. At the same time, the top 2 journals were published by a similar publisher, MDPI. The rest of the journal were published by university publisher such as Universiti Sains Malaysia (1), Uni-versiti Malaysia Ter- engganu (1), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (1) and Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (1). Table 1 shows the prominent journals that predominantly focused on Covid-19. Based on the ranking provided by Scopus, the International Journal of Environmental Re- search and Public Health had the most publications, with 57 articles and 2707 citations. Aligning with the reasoning, this journal makes an aggressive call for special issues related to Covid-19 along the time frame. Some of the special issues are “One year into iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 06, 2023 103 Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… Covid-19 crisis”, “A public health view on Covid-19,” and "Second Edition of COVID- 19: A Public Health Approach for Health Professionals". In addition, it was found that PLOS One has the highest CiteScore with a 5.6 score. The CiteScore metrics are essen- tial to calculate the citations from all documents in year one to all documents published in the prior three years for a title [21]. It will offer a more robust and accurate indication of a journal's impact. Based on the journals, the article entitled “Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia” has the highest citation with 349 times. Table 1. Prominent journals that focus on Covid 19 R an k Journal N um be r of pu bl ic at io ns C it at io ns C it e sc or e 20 20 The Most Cited Article T im es c it ed Publisher 1. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 57 855 4.5 The Psychological Impact of Covid-19 And Lockdown Among University Stu- dents In Malaysia: Implications And Pol- icy Recommendations 164 Multidiscipli- nary Digital Publishing In- stitute (MDPI) 2. Sustainability Swit-zerland 31 223 5.0 Exploring The Impact of The Covid-19 Pandemic On University Students’ Learn- ing Life: An Integrated Conceptual Moti- vational Model For Sustainable And Healthy Online Learning 29 Multidiscipli- nary Digital Publishing In- stitute (MDPI) 3. Medical Journal of Malaysia 30 26 0.9 A Descriptive Study of The Psychologi- cal Experience of Health Care Workers In Close Contact With A Person With Covid-19 7 Malaysian Medical Asso- ciation 4. Plos One 28 349 5.6 Public Knowledge, Attitudes, And Prac- tices Towards COVID-19: A Cross-Sec- tional Study in Malaysia 349 Public Library of Science 5. Frontiers In Public Health 19 332 4.0 Acceptance Of A COVID-19 Vaccine in Southeast Asia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia 232 Frontiers Me-dia S.A. 6. Journal Of Sustaina- bility Science and Management 18 28 1.0 Difmol: Indonesian Students’ Hots and Environmental Education Model During Covid-19 11 Universiti Ma- laysia Tereng- ganu 7. Malaysian Journal Of Medical Sciences 18 127 2.5 A Critical Appraisal Of COVID-19 In Malaysia and Beyond 32 Universiti Sains Malaysia 8. Frontiers In Psychia-try 15 125 4.6 Anxiety Level of University Students During COVID-19 In Saudi Arabia 32 Frontiers Me- dia S.A. 9. Sains Malaysiana 15 7 1.8 Situational Analysis for Covid-19: Esti- mating Transmission Dynamics In Ma- laysia Using A Sir-Type Model With A Neural Network Approach 2 Universiti Ke- bangsaan Ma- laysia 10. Asian Journal of University Education 14 127 1.7 Online Learning Readiness Among Uni- versity Students in Malaysia Amidst Covid-19 92 UiTM Press 104 http://www.i-jim.org https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.ums.edu.my/sourceid/144989?origin=resultsAnalyzer&zone=sourceTitle https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.ums.edu.my/sourceid/144989?origin=resultsAnalyzer&zone=sourceTitle https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.ums.edu.my/sourceid/144989?origin=resultsAnalyzer&zone=sourceTitle https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.ums.edu.my/sourceid/144989?origin=resultsAnalyzer&zone=sourceTitle 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https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.ums.edu.my/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090040844&origin=resultslist&sort=cp-f&src=s&sid=99f9349a23d2e1e8212330a5ecf7c0d8&sot=a&sdt=cl&cluster=scosrctype%2c%22j%22%2ct%2bscoaffilctry%2c%22Malaysia%22%2ct%2bscosubtype%2c%22ar%22%2ct%2bscopubyr%2c%222022%22%2cf%2c%222023%22%2cf%2bscoexactsrctitle%2c%22Asian+Journal+Of+University+Education%22%2ct&sessionSearchId=99f9349a23d2e1e8212330a5ecf7c0d8&relpos=0&citeCnt=92 Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… 3.3 Leading countries As expected, there was a significant correlation between the pandemic, which rav- aged all of the world, and the number of research and publications produced in aca- demic circles. In the VOSviewer, the Countries and Regions of the re-search paper were identified based on the minimum publication of 1, which the re-searchers already pre- set. A total of 135 countries were identified and have collabo-rated with Malaysia. However, there are a few numbers of countries and regions that are not connected with Malaysia. The distribution of the country is shown in Figure 2. Different colors repre- sent different clusters, and all 135 countries, including regions, are divided into 5 clus- ters, represented by different colors in Figure 2. Arguably, papers that belonged to the same cluster share similar references, thus suggesting that a cluster may reflect a stream of research on a similarity basis [24]. This study divided the countries and regions into five (5) clusters, namely, Cluster 1 (in red) is Africa (38 countries), Cluster 2 (in green) is Asia (43 countries), Cluster 3 (in blue) is Europe (36 countries), Cluster 4 (in yellow) is America (16 countries) and Cluster 5 who belong to Oceania (purple) with 2 coun- tries. Fig. 2. Distribution of Country (based on VOSviewer) iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 06, 2023 105 Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… It is worth noting that the nodes represent the countries/regions, and the size of the node denotes the number of publications. The links between any two countries/regions indicate partnership relationships, and the thickness of links represents the strength of the relationship. Malaysia's link strength and total link strength with other countries were calculated to determine Malaysia's single-country publication (SCP). The VOSviewer portrayed 134 publications associated with co-authors from two affiliated countries. Whereas 1673 represents the total link strength of the co-authorship between Malaysia and other countries. The United Kingdom was found to have the highest number of join co-au- thorship with Malaysia (155 articles); followed by Pakistan (142 articles); the United States (135 articles); Australia (134 articles); Indonesia (127 articles); Saudi Arabia (123 articles); India (125 articles); China (118 articles). Bangladesh (100 articles) and Thailand (64 articles). Interestingly, the top ten of the authorship networks were domi- nated by the Asian continent. 3.4 Terminology and concept All 4371 keywords were derived from 1700 papers, the total strength of the co-oc- currence links with other keywords was calculated, and the keywords with the greatest total link strength were selected. Figure 3 is a co-occurrence map of keywords in the articles related to the topic exposure in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The colors represent different thematic clusters, whereby the lightest color represents the latest employed keyword in Covid 19 research. The size of each circle reflects the co- occurrence frequency of the marked keywords; that is, the larger the circle, the higher the frequency. Based on the VOSviewer diagram, the largest keyword cluster is repre- sented by the green color, with a total of 205 co-occurrence keywords. The second most prominent keywords are dark blue and brown clusters, with 143 and 139 co-occurrence keywords, respectively. The yellow and purple clusters have 101 and 112 co-occur- rence keywords, respectively. The light blue and red clusters the other way around was connected with 139 and 129 co-occurrence keywords, respectively. The smallest cluster based on the VOSviewer diagram is the orange cluster with 65 co-occurrence key- words. Upon further review, the top four most frequently used keywords were usually employed in the top research topic. The figure showed that the most frequent keywords used by Covid 19 researchers in Malaysia were e-learning, higher education, sustaina- ble consumption, and tourism. 106 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… Fig. 3. Distribution of Keywords (based on VOSviewer) 4 Topics od interest based on cluster Malaysia reported its first COVID-19 case on 25 January 2020; the patient con- tracted the disease from Chinese tourists who had crossed the border from Singapore two days earlier. After that, the number of cases continued to escalate significantly, and few clusters of the spread could be identified. On March 17, 2020, Malaysia recorded its first death related to Covid 19, and the number of deaths reported is increasing daily. To prevent further spread, the Malaysian government, through the Prevention and Con- trol of Infectious Diseases Act 1988 and the Police Act 1967, declared Movement Con- trol Order (MCO) on 16 March 2020. The MCO was taken as the last resort to contain the increased Covid 19 spread among the community. Many sectors were hit due to the pandemic and MCO. Using comprehensive biblio-metric tools, this study the existing clusters and future emerging research from Covid 19. It can be identified based on the key research topic recognition, interrelationships, and collaboration patterns. 4.1 Cluster 1: Technology The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), aug- mented reality, and social media and technology have revolutionized many aspects of human life. People started to use the internet for shopping, attending online classes, managing jobs remotely and keeping in touch with people through online meetings, iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 06, 2023 107 Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… obtaining information or entertainment [53]. An AI system tailors an appropriate re- sponse or service to fit users' requirements based on users' inputs in the system. Infor- mation inputs, such as question-answer sessions, allow AI machines to learn about us- ers' specific requirements and conditions and determine particular features such as size, color, time, measurement and weight, and others as closely possible to users’ needs. AI systems can also recommend suitable products, services, brands, or companies that best suit users' needs. Healthcare [22] [23] [24]. Building new intelligent and efficient frameworks is becoming easier with the features pro-vided by B5G, such as low la- tency, larger area coverage, higher data rate, and real-time communication [25]. Simi- larly, social media is a potentially good platform for disseminating important infor- mation during the pandemic [26]. Significantly, during the pandemic outbreak, the need for rapid analysis, decision-making, and prediction of future trends become paramount [25] [27]. 4.2 Cluster 2: Sustainability It is worth noting that sustainable consumption behavior amongst Malaysians is still in its early stages [28]. People started being concerned about achieving efficiency, sus- tainable consumption, materials recycling, and effective disposal of domestic solid waste for broader social welfare [29]. Nevertheless, when the Malaysian government implemented MCO to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, sustainable con- sumption gained eloquent popularity. It can be said that the MCO plays a significant role in reducing human outdoor activity, vehicle emissions, and coal-fired power plant emissions [30], which in return have ‘repair’ the environment. These unpredicted cir- cumstances also exhibit the capacities of environmentally friendly and safe entities through recycling materials, business model variations, and consumption reduction [31] [28]. 4.3 Cluster 3: Education The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed social distanc- ing measures and barriers to education delivery. All institutions need to use another alternative to teaching and learning to maintain the standard of education [32]. Due to that, online learning can be an alternative pedagogy in post-COVID-19 for the educa- tion sector [33]. Educational institutions should focus on improving output and achieve- ment. In other words, the institution must be able to solve the real problems confronted by students and enhance their learning in quantity and quality [34]. They should provide sufficient guidance and training to improve students’ skills, particularly in the COVID- 19 era [35] [56]. Approximately, sudden changes in professional practices in the field of education have caused changes in the anxiety, depression, and stress levels of edu- cation workers and students [54]. Applications with high-immediacy and low-band- width applications, including WhatsApp, Telegram, and Youtube, are the most acces- sible and straightforward platforms to navigate in online learning [36] [57]. Despite that, there is a need to understand many challenges, including cost and reliability, to provide future direction for online learning mode [37] [58]. 108 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… 4.4 Cluster 4: Medical The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease that has caused thousands of deaths and infected millions worldwide. With this huge number of infected patients, the long-term impact of COVID-19 will cause a significant burden on the health care system. Hypercoagulation is one of the COVID-19 symptoms. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism. Early detection of infections is one of the first lines of defense against this pandemic to reduce the spread of infections. At the same time, the use of radio-logical examinations in identifying infections has become increasingly noticeable during the COVID-19 out- break [38]. Thus, high-tech technologies that greatly detect COVID-19 infections with high accuracy can offer healthcare professionals much-needed help [39]. 4.5 Cluster 5: Tourism Due to Covid-19, tourists worldwide are banned from entering countries due to closed borders and the incessant fear for the safety of their lives [40]. The biggest chal- lenge resilient by sustainable coffee/tea tour operators is customers’ inability and, for some, reluctance to travel [41]. According to [42], to stimulate the tourism industry, more detailed segmentation and careful planning integration of tourism are needed to ensure the sustainability of tourism. The study's findings suggest that tourism busi- nesses in highly resilient countries are better prepared to cope with the disruptive chal- lenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and thus need less government assistance. 4.6 Cluster 6: Psychology It is argued that the willingness of the community to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was caused by several factors, including age, race, perceived community risk of COVID-19 infection, perceived severity, and the absence of vaccine hesitancy sen- timent [43]. Participants described their workloads, uncertainties caused by the pan- demic, challenging work–family balance, and stretched workplace relationships as the sources of burnout [44] [45]. Direct involvement in COVID-19 screening or treatment, having a medical condition and having less psychological support emerged as signifi- cant factors in personal work and patient-related burnout [46]. 4.7 Cluster 7: Food and agriculture Food and medication security is an unseen battle occurring during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic [47]. The study by [48] portrayed that rice supplies are highly vulnerable during the pandemic outbreak. Even though the Government of Malaysia has rolled out some initiatives to help Malaysian people to cope with the lock-down phase, the COVID-19 pandemic may heavily affect aquaculture activities in this coun- try. In coping with the COVID-19 emergency, it is suggested that the Government con- duct programs increase the farmer ability to proactively manage new risks caused by iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 06, 2023 109 Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… COVID-19 and also those derived from climate change-related is-sues. Among the es- sential adaptation measures adopted in many countries is the investment in scientific research to prepare most social and economic layers for future pandemics [49]. 4.8 Cluster 8: Economy The greater size of government spending, the less efficient it becomes. It is con- tradicted Malaysian practice because the current Malaysian fiscal policy has allocated a massive budget for all income levels to reduce the economic implications caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 [50]. By providing an active fiscal policy in Malaysia, all the affected groups receive equal government incentives of the stimulus package to ease their burden and improve their life quality post the COVID-19 phase [51] [8]. All citi- zens have shown their compliance and support during the Movement Control Order (MCO) to control the spread and ease the burden of front liners. At the same time, the Malaysian government aimed to stimulate the economic sectors have allocated a sub- stantial amount of money through PRIHATIN and PENJANA to assist the industry player [52]. 5 Limitations By limiting the search string to “Covid* 19*” within titles and abstracts, re-searchers might not be able to determine all the Covid-19 studies available on Scopus. Other researchers might use different terms to refer Covid 19. ‘Pandemic out-break’, ‘out- break virus’ and ‘Cov-19’ are among the terms use by researchers when writing their articles. Future study is recommended to include multiple databases analysis such as Web of Science and JStor for comprehensive analysis. Researchers may utilize the ‘hot paper’ features in WoS, as these features are still lacking in Scopus. ‘Hot paper’ features in WoS work by identifying recently published papers that received significant citations. These features allow the researchers to identify a good research paper for their study. Including multiple databases in the bibliometric analysis will allow the researchers to develop a more comprehensive study. 6 Conclusion This study has provided oversight of Covid 19 research trend in Malaysia. In total, this study has analyzed 1776 articles that were extracted from the Scopus database. It is presumed that interest in this topic will increase as many researchers are currently working on it from different fields. This study found that the United States, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Australia have strong and massive collaborations with Malaysian researchers. These may open an opportunity for other country researchers to broaden their research primarily related to Covid 19. This study also determines other Covid 19 110 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—Research Progress of Digital Technology and Emerging Themes During Covid 19 in Malaysia:… subtopics currently explored by Malaysian researchers. It is strongly believed that con- tinuous efforts in researching Covid 19 will benefit the government and society at large. 7 Acknowledgment The authors would also like to acknowledge the cooperation and support given. 8 References [1] Hakovirta M, Denuwara N. How COVID-19 redefines the concept of sustainability. Sus- tainability. 2020 May 4;12(9):3727. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093727 [2] Gulseven O, Al Harmoodi F, Al Falasi M, ALshomali I. 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Pedagog.. 2021 Jan 1;11(1):49-63. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v11i1.15215 9 Authors Dr. Ag Kaifah Riyard Kiflee is a Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Business, Econom- ics and Accounting, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malay- sia. He received his Ph.D. in Management from AHIBS, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). His research interest includes bibliometric analysis, risk disclosure, corporate governance, and financial reporting quality. Dr. Nornajihah Nadia Hasbullah is a Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Business Man- agement, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Bandaraya Melaka, 75350, Melaka, Malaysia. She received his Ph.D. in Management from AHIBS, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). Her research interest includes bibliometric analysis, consumer be- haviour, sustainable marketing, and digital marketing. Siti Nurhafizah Ahmad is a Senior Lecturer at Department of Tourism and Hospi- tality, Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, 81700, Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia. She is cur- rently finished with her thesis and waiting for Ph.D. Viva Voce. Her research focuses on tourism, event management and technology adoption. Suraya Hamimi Mastor is a Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Bandaraya Melaka, 75350, Melaka, Malaysia. She is currently working on her Ph.D. thesis. Her research focusses on business man- agement, human resources development and training management. Article submitted 2022-09-23. Resubmitted 2022-12-11. Final acceptance 2022-12-12. Final version pub- lished as submitted by the authors. iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 06, 2023 115 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041951 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104823 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i22.27891 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i01.26777 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v11i1.15215