International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) – eISSN: 1865-7923 – Vol 17 No 03 (2023) Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i03.36269 Haroon Altarawneh(), Mohammad Mahmoud Tarawneh Al-balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan dr.haroon@bau.edu.jo Abstract—Advanced technology-based educational practices have emerged as a constructive growth trend in the sustainable educational market. As a result, using informational communication practices in a developed market has resulted in better communicative approaches during the global pandemic situation. The creation of at-tractive content in the educational process ensured the student en- gagement level in an empirical manner. The main aim of this re-search is to iden- tify the impact of in-formation systems on quality emergence aspects in e-Learn- ing system performance, understand the scope of the education process using e- Learning systems, identify the impact of in-formation systems on quality design in the e-Learning platform, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the e-Learning plat-form. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been used for quality assurance and sustainable growth development in educational prac- tices. Advanced information system design with proper monitoring approaches has improved the situation. A model to illustrate the relationship between infor- mation systems de-sign and e-learning performance is proposed. The higher the level of quality in in-formation system design, the higher the level of performance of the e-learning system, and thus the higher the degree of learning quality output. Keywords—learning management system, system development life cycle, in- formation systems design theory, content management system, information and communication technology 1 Introduction The implementation of the information system in educational and developmental approaches has enhanced a new path to recreate it. Constructive planning for sustaina- ble educational practices has emerged as a constructive structure in the development process. During the COVID-19 pandemic period, educational services have faced a huge loss that has been reflected in global educational standards. Health emergencies and social distancing phenomena have created a high level of obstruction in the service management process. E-learning platforms have provided significant satisfaction in managing learners' educational quality [1]. The e-learning plat-form's significance has provided quick attributes and quick scalability over long-term educational practices. Over the previous 50 years, significant advancements and improvements in educational 4 http://www.i-jim.org https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i03.36269 mailto:dr.haroon@bau.edu.jo Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance activities at all levels have occurred. The COVID-19 pandemic, on the other hand, has presented probably the greatest challenge to any national education system in history [32]. According to Figure 1, the performance rate of online e-learning platforms in 2019 was US $101 billion. However, this situation can be increased to US$167.5 billion within the year 2026 (Figure 1) [2]. A large number of students and educational author- ities rely on e-learning educational practices. It also provided a constructive communi- cation strategy. The COVID-19 virus has changed conventional college and university teaching into virtual classes [48]. In addition, despite recent emphasis on integrating technology into education, teach- ers are resistant to utilizing it in the classroom as an active learning tool [31]. E-learning platforms play an important role in improving the quality of information and thus the learning procedures. Technological advancement is effective in providing learners with various opportunities related to communication and collaboration processes that are ef- fective in improving learning processes. The development of e-learning platforms is relevant to provide more data and opportunities for learners as well as teachers. Because of the quick innovation and growth of e learning, as well as the numerous benefits it provides, many universities throughout the world have implemented e-learning sys- tems. Over the last decade, e-learning has been widely adopted in higher education [36]. The continual growth of internet technologies and mobile applications has resulted in a shift from traditional to new learning and teaching approaches [37]. Over the last three decades, e-learning has been gradually in-creasing and spreading in various learning institutions, demonstrating its capability to be used and embedded in teaching courses partially or totally. Virtual learning is un-deniably becoming a primary focus in higher education institutions in the twenty-first century [38]. In reality, the availability and utilization of online learning content in the e-learning portal have become a serious concern for many academic institutions. The e-learning system is a crucial knowledge source for dealing with unpredictable conditions due to its pervasiveness (accessible everywhere and at all times), affordability, accessibility, and user experience [39]. New automation has helped develop systems that incorporate learning styles. As a result, it guides and supports learners. Part of the developed system is the learning management system (LMS), adaptive hypermedia system (AHS), and intelligent tutor system (ITS). Learning style-based adaptive technologies have also emerged in recent years. Educa- tion system (LSAES). The difference from previous systems is that they form a person- alized learning sys-tem and technique [42]. COVID-19 is the world's first pandemic in decades, creating many new barriers to learning and teaching for students worldwide. The world has been affected by COVID 19 outbreak, particularly the world of education and academic education systems [47]. As a result, teachers and students are spending more time online than ever before, exploring and learning information, resources, tools, and frameworks for both groups to adapt to online or distance learning [43]. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to determine the impact of information systems on quality emergence aspects in e-Learning system performance. The use of information systems has enriched the content of e-learning practices on the platform. The following objectives of this research are: iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 03, 2023 5 Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance • To understand the scope of the education process using of e-Learning sys-tem • To identify the impact of information systems on quality design in the e-Learning platform • To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the e-Learning platform The e-Learning platform has played an important role in promoting flexible learning approaches and learner motivation. The e-Learning system's quality management seeks the benefits of long-term performance management and developmental structure [3]. Service quality enhancement and quality management in content structure have emerged as better structures in the service development scope. A model to illustrate the relationship between information system design and e-learning performance is pro- posed. The higher the level of quality in information system design, the higher the level of performance of the e-learning system, and thus the higher the degree of learning quality output. Fig. 1. Segments analysis of e-learning platform [2] 2 Literature review 2.1 The impact of eight dimensions on e-learning system performance In order to manage the quality of information, different dimensions are identified that have an impact on the learning process. Maintainability, portability, functionality, performance, compatibility, usability, reliability, and security are the main dimensions of the learning systems developed within the e-learning model. Other researchers be- lieve that multidimensional factors can aid in the design of security services within an information system. Maintenance of the e-learning system is effective for managing the 6 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance overall data effectively [4]. On the other hand, the modification of the data is effective for the e-learning system to maintain its functionality and overall performance by main- taining the security level in a proper manner. The modification of the e-learning envi- ronment is effective in improving the quality of the e-learning process in a proper man- ner. Several academics regard the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the founda- tion model, with additional integrated elements geared toward e-learning that can be examined and explored in addition to analyzing behavioral intentions to use it [37]. For a long time, studies on the performance of e-learning systems and their impact on stu- dents have been addressed and discussed in the literature. The use of e-learning must be considered from both a technological and a value standpoint. It combines the TAM, which has been used to evaluate user acceptance of modern technology, and the Value- Based Adoption Model (VAM), which has been established to forecast new technology adoption using extrinsic, intrinsic, and monetary effort [41]. A significant number of studies have shed light on various learning processes that are specifically appropriate for a particular field [38]. 2.2 Concept of the e-learning process Electronic learning (e-learning) is a type of education and learning that takes place through computer software and different learning management systems (LMSs) like Blackboard, Moodle, and WebCT. Teachers communicate with their students, grade them, and track their progress using different educational tools [40]. A learning sys- tem deals with a formalized teaching process that can be performed through electron- ic resources. This is referred to as an e-learning process that was carried out using com- puters and internet services [5].The concept of e-learning is helpful for learners to im- prove their skills effectively. This can help them manage the study process anytime and anywhere. On the other hand, the schooling system is modified through this process in a proper manner [6]. Four main stages of the e-learning process are identified, including analysis, design and development, evaluation and testing, and an effective LMS hosting process. All these stages are being applied within a concept that can improve the ser- vices of the teachers as well as the learners. The connectivism theory is useful in deter- mining the level of development associated with e-learning. Based on this theory, new learning opportunities are being specified by the learners in a proper way. This theoret- ical support is playing an important role in helping the trainers and learners modify their roles within the educational institute. Most teachers recognized the difficulties encountered during distance learning, particularly in mathematics [34]. This can assist them in modifying their performances during the e-learning process so that they can easily achieve their goals. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. ELearning has become an inevitable technique for institutions of higher learning, imposing alternate learning and teaching process configurations focused on: blended learning, distance learning, online courses, and smart learning. [35]. because the majority of research in the literature proposes novel E-learning methodologies to improve learning outcomes, it is critical to investigate the effects of students' gender on technical abilities. Gender and theoretical expectations regarding E-learning skills [38]. iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 03, 2023 7 Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance 2.3 Development of Information Design System The information system is being designed using a system development life cycle (SDLC). The complete cycle focuses on different stages that deal with the present stage, the development of requirements, the design of a solution, and the development of the final implementation of the designed solution [7]. Developmental information systems are critical to the ongoing development of any business model. It can help the profes- sionals within the educational system modify their services in a proper manner. The application of advanced electronic training courses is effective in continuing the devel- opment of information systems within an educational organization [8]. This type of training process is helpful for individuals to improve their overall services effectively. In an easy way, the Information Systems Design Theory (ISDT) is playing an important role in the services of this system. This type of theory can help trainers and students improve their overall services in a competitive market. This is relevant to achieving their goals in a proper manner based on technological ad-vantages. It is critical to un- derstand whether, during the course of online learning, learners can access the appro- priate information about their course of study from the internet in order to achieve the quality and satisfaction they seek [36]. 2.4 Effective content of information system in the e-learning platforms Orientation in e-learning practices has emerged as a more effective method of con- necting with different types of learning practices and courses. Purposive developmental growth in constructive learning practices has improved the structure of new con-tent creation approaches [9]. It is crucial to explore how those working in the education sector who execute strategic responsibilities for sustainable education are influenced by the new conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic during this hard and critical era. [33]. Multi-media learning practices have developed better approaches that are related to developmental approaches in market structure. Information and commu- nication technology (ICT) positively contributed to a method that related to the con- struction management of the service emergence structure under market-level condi- tions. Problem-solving capabilities and the creative managerial growth of ICT practices have improved the situation for advanced educational practices [10]. The individuals that are relevant to mitigating the learning issues in a proper way develop the Learning Management System (LMS) model. Creating a learning model is more than just putting information on the internet, it also has to make sense and follow learning principles [46]. The development of a specific learning process is relevant to the learning process in order to achieve educational process goals [11].On the other hand; the application of the Content Management System (CMS) model is relevant to improving course content processes effectively. All the solutions within the same educational environment are maintained properly based on a successful learning experience [12]. In all forms of online learning, communication between teachers and students is regarded as a signifi- cant difficulty that ultimately affects the degree of knowledge [38]. The utilization of digital technologies has the potential to significantly improve the educational process. Students frequently demonstrate a higher eagerness to participate in the instructional 8 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance process while also improving their learning performance [31]. Numerous studies sup- port the idea that adaptable e-learning frameworks based on Learning Styles can help learners in a variety of ways as they learn closer to their desires, needs, and, most im- portantly, the way they learn. With the use of unused advances and smart gadgets, an increasing number of stages and applications are utilizing versatile e-learning [42].e- Learning changes the nature of teacher-student interaction, demands high levels of mo- tivation and self-discipline from students, opens up new opportunities for ingenious expression in students, implements new ideas and projects, and empowers individuals to evolve [44]. 2.5 Literature gap The previous research papers were able to identify different aspects related to the e- learning process. This can focus on the development of the learning processes within the educational institute. Different theories are being applied to the study that are rele- vant to improving the quality of e-learning over time. Technological advancements re- lated to the e-learning study model are identified. The issues related to the e-learning process are not specified in this study. On the other hand, the previous re-search papers were not able to focus on the effect of financial structure on the e-learning process. The impact of technological advancement on the e-learning process is also not specified properly. From such perspectives, all of these literature gaps are attempting to be properly identified through this research process. Learning styles provide important support to teachers during the learning process, but personalization presents challenges. Tutors cannot follow traditional methods and provide individualized and adapted les- sons based on each student's preferences and needs [42]. Recent technology has author- ized the development of systems that help academics design course objects to suit the tastes of their students [42]. e-Learning changes the nature of teacher-student interac- tion, demands high levels of motivation and self-discipline from students, opens up new opportunities for ingenious expression in students, implements new ideas and projects, and empowers individuals to evolve. The COVID-19 pandemic has clearly disrupted the entire learning process. According to the relevant literature, the magnitude of COVID-19 impact is closely correlated with certain variables such as age, gender, iden- tity, socioeconomic condition, and level of education [43]. A significant objective of e- learning systems is to provide directions that can produce the same or better results than face-to-face learning systems. In order to achieve this goal; more empirical research on the subject has been conducted in recent decades. Consider which variables affect stu- dent satisfaction and learning results and examine possible predictors of online learning outcomes [45]. iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 03, 2023 9 Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance 3 Conceptual framework Fig. 2. Conceptual Framework 4 Methodology 4.1 Research philosophy The positivism research philosophy is playing an important role in conducting this research in a particular way. This type of philosophy is effective at providing different types of factual knowledge that can be gained through the observation method. The changes in the limited data are being specified through this process of research [13]. In this present context, the positivism research philosophy is playing an important role in understanding the roles of learners and trainers over time. This philosophy can assist researchers in conducting an easy interpretation of the collected data related to the study's objective. This process also effectively specifies the law of statements. 4.2 Research approach The deductive research approach plays an important role in helping the researcher maintain the data within proper premises. The generalized information is also specified 10 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance based on the research topic in a proper manner. When evaluating data propositions, various types of theory are properly applied to the data [14].This type of research ap- proach effectively manages various types of data. Through this approach, individuals can modify their level of service effectively within their market position. The structural changes in the e-learning procedure are specified based on this approach in an easy way. 4.3 Research design Descriptive or qualitative research design is important in the research process be- cause it helps to identify the research process's goals. This research design is helpful for the researchers to explain different perspectives related to the e-learning process to achieve their goals of development [15]. Changes in technology within the e-learning model are having a negative impact on the data required to maintain learner and trainer performance. The evaluation of the data is also helpful for the researchers to figure out different social issues in a proper manner. From this standpoint, the qualitative research design was chosen for this study. 4.4 Data collection The secondary data collection methodology is utilized by researchers who are inter- ested in improving the performance of technologies in the e-learning process. In this present context, different secondary sources of data like books, journals, articles, and so on related to e-learning platforms are illustrated through this process [16]. This pro- cess is effective for managing time as well as cost-effective. The researchers are over- coming the limitations of the financial factors in an easy way. Researchers can collect a variety of data that is effective for conducting data analysis. 4.5 Data analysis Researchers to achieve their research goals can apply the thematic data analysis pro- cess. The changes in the collected data are evaluated through this process, which can help researchers understand the role of learners and trainers in the e-learning process. The changes in the quality information system are also playing an important role in achieving their goals through analyzing the data [17]. The changes in the study materi- als within the e-learning platforms are also identified through this thematic analysis in an easy way. Modification of the data services can be managed through this process. 5 Finding/Analysis According to the literature review, major research is unable to focus on the effect of financial structure on the e-learning process. The effect of technological advancement on the e-learning process is likewise not adequately characterized. The following are the important themes to be discussed based on the literature review: iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 03, 2023 11 Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance 5.1 Quality of information system enriches viewpoint of e-Learning platform The application of information systems has provided a constructive mood in the ed- ucational system enhancement process. However, technological implications and sig- nificant performance management aspects have contributed to constructive growth in improving educational practices in the competitive market system [18]. In global as- pects, a social networking structure and an effective communication process automati- cally managed an advanced technology-based service strategy. On the other hand, in- tegrating TAM and DMIS Model approaches collectively affect decision-making ap- proaches in technology-based learning approaches [19]. The technology acceptance model (TAM) has been used for quality assurance and sustainable growth development in educational practices (Figure 3). Fig. 3. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) [37] It is also effective in the identification of comprehensive approaches that have emerged from a cognitive growth in the long-term service learning process. The devel- opment Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) structure is attributed to flexible and effective time management approaches in construction development and educational managerial approaches. In the past few years, several evaluations have been done, and each one has given important information about the researchers who helped understand the TAM and how it manages different technologies [37]. 5.2 The technological revolution enhanced sustainable growth in modern education practices Using an e-learning platform in educational services has increased the potential for economic growth in business structures. Entrepreneurship management in the educa- 12 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance tion-related business developmental process has improved cognitive stages in the mar- ket accumulation process. The introduction of the e-learning platform has reduced the number of child laborers in the global market [20]. Sustainable structural growth en- hancement and supplementary knowledge managerial processes related to the educa- tional management process. Financial inclusion after using technology-based ap- proaches in the educational service process has led to better growth in the market's structure. 5.3 E-Learning platforms have opened a new window of education in a pandemic situation During the COVID-19 pandemic situation, the incorporation of sustainable educa- tional practices into daily life has become a big challenge. As a result, incorporating advanced technological communication systems into education-based service processes has improved cognitive developmental structure growth. The COVID-19 pandemic sit- uation has created a regulatory challenge to the accumulation of candidates and the management of constructive educational practices in service sectors [21]. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) incorporation in advanced technology-based services has improved constructive growth in the service development process. Online education practices have provided student-centric approaches with flexible content creation dur- ing the pandemic situation. The use of constructive methods in e-learning practices has improved the structure for long-term business development [22]. During the pandemic period, the addition of a supply entry precaution in the educational platform provided a safe and secure approach to learning practices. Over the previous 50 years, significant advancements and improvements in educational activities at all levels have occurred. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented possibly the most significant chal- lenge to any national education sys-tem in history [32]. 6 Discussions Based on the data analysis, we reached the following model that represents the rela- tion between information system design and e-learning performance (theoretical model) (Figure 4). iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 03, 2023 13 Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance Fig. 4. The relation between information system design and e-learning performance Information quality, technology, and COVID-19 in the education system are the main elements in information system quality. The following are the effects of the pre- ceding elements on the performance of an e-learning system: 6.1 Information quality The quality of information is a learning procedure that aims to produce knowledge, skill, and technical aspects throughout the institute. In this present situation of modern- ization, the online learning system is playing an important role that can help learners improve their level of knowledge. Changes in e-learning platforms are playing an im- portant role in effectively improving information quality. The application of learning software is managed through the modification of different interdisciplinary processes with teachers, authors, and learners (Figure 5). 14 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance Fig. 5. Quality of information [23] The quality of information is divided into different levels that have an impact on the learning process of learners. Technological support, tutor support, didactics, cost-effec- tive services, and many more are identified as factors that are having an impact on the improvement of the e-learning procedure [24]. The transparency of the learning process can help individuals modify their services in a proper way. Based on the effective com- munication process, the individuals are able to modify their services in a way that can provide different types of data to their students. The economic factors are relevant to managing the data effectively to enhance the online e-learning process. The quality standards of data also deal with past data that is effective in modifying the present learning procedures in a proper manner [25]. 6.2 Technology Technological advancement is playing an important role in improving e-learning services, which can provide learners with a vast array of data. This can assist ordinary people in serving the purposes required in educational processes [26]. In this regard, technological advancement is effective in providing learners with various opportunities related to communication and collaboration processes. The application of AI technolo- gies, big data, and machine learning processes is relevant to the transformation of the learning process as well as the e-learning platform. Educational ecologies are changing, and this is helping to create a framework for thinking about educational sustainability. The use of media applications is also successful for researchers who deviate from the traditional learning procedure [27]. This can help to support visualization technologies, which are important for improving learning outcomes. iJIM ‒ Vol. 17, No. 03, 2023 15 Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance 6.3 COVID 19 and educational system According to the findings of this study, the COVID-19 pandemic situation is having a significant impact on the educational system and necessitates a significant change in learning procedures. During this, time period, the entire world faced challenges related to the lockdown process. People's social activities, close connections, and economic well-being have suffered because of the COVID-19 pandemic, with everyday life pat- terns having changed significantly since the outbreak began [32]. The advanced tech- nological communication process can help learners and tutors to serve their purposes effectively [28]. According to We Are Social's 2020 World Inter-net Usage and Social Media Statistics report, the number of individuals accessing the Internet worldwide in- creased by 7% (298 million additional users) compared to in-formation reported in Jan- uary 2019, hitting a new total of 4.54 billion users world-wide [33]. The technological development is helpful for the company to manage its overall data effectively. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the education system is focusing on different e-learning structures that are relevant to managing company study processes in a particular way. Different kinds of barriers are being specified within a structure that deals with the connectivity of networks, which shows an approximately 40% range, and on the other hand, 32% of technical problems are creating issues for young people to conduct the e- learning process [29]. The application of new technologies is creating some major is- sues that make it difficult for learners to modify their services in a proper way. The use of smartphones and mobile applications is also included within this structure, which has an impact on the development of quality knowledge [30]. 7 Conclusion and recommendations Technology-based advanced learning practices' incorporation into the market struc- ture has enhanced the growth of educational practices. Innovative technology and ad- vanced systems have managed market emergence and structured supportive growth. Therefore, using advanced information systems in educational practices has increased the structure of learning practices. During the COVID-19 pandemic situation, educa- tional practices have faced a huge loss in comparative advanced technology-based learning practices. Therefore, attractive connection creation with better connectivity approaches has improved the scope of the market condition. Through this process of learning models, the modification of those models can be managed. Using machine- learning approaches can improve the scope of enhancing online education systems all over the world. Awareness creation among students and parents and ethical considera- tion factors are responsible for better growth and improvement in the comparative mar- ket managerial system. In recent years, e-learning companies have faced intense com- petition in the global market. Therefore, using an advanced information system design with proper monitoring approaches has improved the situation. As a result, future stud- ies should investigate the impact of information system quality as an independent var- iable that has a direct impact on e-learning system performance. The higher the level of quality in information system design, the higher the level of performance of the e-learn- ing system, and thus the higher the degree of learning quality output. 16 http://www.i-jim.org Paper—The Impact of Information System Design Quality on E-Learning Systems Performance 8 References [1] Efiloğlu Kurt, Ö, 2019. Examining an e-learning system through the lens of the information systems success model: Empirical evidence from Italy. Education and Information Technol- ogies. 24(2), pp.1173-1184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9821-4 [2] Statista, 2022. 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International Jour- nal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), vol. 16, no. 04, pp. 103–115. https://doi.org/ 10.3991/ijim.v16i04.27103 9 Authors Haroon Altarawneh is associate professor of computer information system at the University of Al-balqa applied University. He teaches “system analysis” and Information system” for the courses of management information system. His Research areas are related to the software engineering. Mohammad Mahmoud Tarawneh is associate professor of computer information System at the University of Al-Balqa applied University. He teaches, “Database Management” and “Project Management” for the courses of management Information system. His research areas are related to the software engineering. Article submitted 2022-10-20. Resubmitted 2022-12-24. Final acceptance 2022-12-24. Final version pub- lished as submitted by the authors. 20 http://www.i-jim.org https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2021.02.007 https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2022.01.010 https://doi.org/10.52380/mojet.2022.10.2.362 https://doi.org/10.52380/mojet.2022.10.2.362 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i20.23749 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i11.29787 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i04.27103 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i04.27103