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dOI 10.11603/IJMMR.2413-6077.2020.2.11388

ELAEOCARPUS SERRATUS L. EXHIBITS POTENTIAL ANALGESIC AND
ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITIES IN MICE MODEL

A.A.H. Pinkey1, *Z.I. Khan2, M.A. Taher1, M.A. Soma1
1 – DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACy, STATE UNIVERSITy OF BANGLADESH, DHAKA, BANGLADESH

2 – DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS, THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC
UNIVERSITy, HONG KONG, CHINA

Background. Elaeocarpus serratus L. (Family: Elaeocarpaceae) is a tropical fruit tree, traditionally used in
the treatments of poisoning, diarrhea, arthritis, and other diseases.

Objectives. The current study was performed to conduct the analgesic, antidiarrheal, and hypoglycemic
activity of E. serratus in mice model using methanolic bark crude extract.

Methods. To assess the peripheral and central analgesic activity, the acetic acid-induced writhing and tail
immersion methods were respectively used. The castor-oil mediated antidiarrheal method was used to assess
the antidiarrheal activity whereas, the tail tipping technique was conducted to determine the hypoglycemic activity
of the plant extract.

Results. In the peripheral analgesic assay, the methanolic bark crude extract of E. serratus significantly
inhibits the number of writing 69.77% (200 mg/kg) and 73.26% (400 mg/kg) respectively (p<0.05) which was
strongly comparable with standard NSAID drug diclofenac sodium 75.58% (p<0.05). Similarly, it shown a significant
tail flicking response for 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes of central analgesic activity assay. In antidiarrheal
activity assay, the E. serratus substantially reduced the number of diarrheal feces 64.26% (200 mg/kg, p<0.05)
and 78.57% (400 mg/kg, p<0.05) which was also comparable with the positive control loperamide. The hypoglycemic
activity of E. serratus extract was not convincing.

Conclusions. Our investigation demonstrated the significant analgesic and antidiarrheal activities of
methanolic bark extract of E. serratus (200 and 400 mg/kg) in mice model.

KEyWoRdS: Elaeocarpus serratus; analgesic activity; antidiarrheal activity; hypoglycemic activity.

*Corresponding author: Md Zahirul Islam Khan, Department
of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Poly-
technic University, 100077, Hong Kong, China.
E-mail: zahir.islamkhan@connect.polyu.hk

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research
2020, Volume 6, Issue 2, p. 44-51
copyright © 2020, TNMU, All Rights Reserved

a.a.H. Pinkey et al.

Introduction
Medicinal plants or natural drugs are

traditionally and historically used around the
globe by human beings for curing various
ailments. The plant-derived natural drugs are
widely accepted to all due to their diverse
pharmacological activities, reduced toxicity,
cost-effective, availability for drug discovery,
and application to the chemical biology [1, 2].
Although, the incessant investigation is being
carried out to screen potential pharmacological
activities of natural products but the numbers
are very limited considering all medicinal plants
distributed throughout the world [3]. So far, a
considerable number of experimental research
have been reported the use of natural products
as an antioxidant agent, blood glucose-lowering
agent, antimicrobial agent, central nervous
system (CNS) stimulating agent, anti-diarrheal

agent, anti-helminthic agent, anti-inflammatory
agent, and anti-cancer agent [4]. By considering
the previous studies, we explored the phar-
macological activities of Elaeocarpus serratus L.
(E. serratus) in a number of biological uses.

E. serratus (English name: Rosary nut, Ceylon
olive, Bengali name: Jalpai) belongs to the
family Elaeocarpaceae, a tropical fruit tree
grown up to 18 meters tall, distributed in
evergreen forests, and sometimes also cul-
tivated for its edible fruit and medicinal
applications [5, 6]. It is mostly found in the
Indian subcontinent regions including India,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
However, it is also found in Indo-China regions
including, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand and
Malaysia [5]. The E. serratus is a plant having
both nutritional and medicinal values. For
instance, the GC-MS analysis revealed that the
plant contains numerous compounds including
fatty acid, alcohol, aldehyde, hydrocarbons and
alkenes which are biologically active [7]. In

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addition, the leaf of E. Serratus contains alka-
loids, flavonoids, and glycosides (eg. anthra-
qui none) [7]. Moreover, a list of bioactive
com pounds also contained in E. serratus such
as myricitrin, mearnsetin 3-o-β-d-glucoside,
mearn sitrin, and tamarixetin 3-o-α-L-rham-
no pyranoside where, myricitrin is an estab-
lished potential antioxidant [8]. Historically,
leaves of E. serratus extracts are used for the
treatments of arthritis and various poisoning
[9]. Equally, appetite, diarrhea, dysentery
and other neuro-motors related diseases are
commonly treated with fruits or fruit extracts
[6, 10]. Moreover, the previous studies also
reported that the leaf, bark and fruit of E.
serratus have antimicrobial and antifungal
activities [11, 12]. For all we know, there is no
scientific report conducted on analgesic,
hypoglycemic, and anti-diarrheal properties of
E. serratus yet. Therefore, our main objective
was to assess the analgesic, hypoglycemic, and
antidiarrheal activity of methanolic bark crude
extract of E. serratus in mice model.

Methods
Collection and extraction of plant
In February 2018, the bark of E. Serratus was

acquired from Chandpur, Bangladesh. The
collection of bark samples was verified by
Bangladesh National Herbarium (BDNH),
Dhaka, Bangladesh. An herbarium specimen
number (DACB-31155) was provided and
preserved for their further reference. The barks
were cleaned and cut into small pieces to
accelerate the drying process. Then the sun-
dried fragments were crushed to a fine powder.
about 400 g of powder was put in a flat bottom
amber sterile glass container and socked with
1.5L methanol for two weeks. Continuous
shaking and stirring were maintained over time.
afterward, the entire mixture was filtered with
cotton and repeated second filtration with
Whatman filter paper (Bibby RE200, Sterilin Ltd.,
UK). The filtrate was then kept for a week
allowed to concentrate with a rotary evaporator
at 45°C and 50 rpm. Finally, 28.0 g (yield 5.63%)
of a black gummy substance was obtained
referring to crude methanol extract of E.
serratus bark. The extract was aliquot into 2 ml
centrifuge tubes and stored at 4°C for further
uses.

Experimental animals
To conduct the experiments, the Swiss

albino mice (20-24gm) were brought from
International Centre for Diarrheal Disease
Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR). The animals

had a typical environmental condition (at 24.0
± 1°C and 55 - 65% relative humidity), in cages
with 12 hours of dark and light cycles. Until
starting of the experiments, the animals were
housed to embrace the local laboratory con-
ditions for a week. In each bioassay, the animals
were selected randomly and sub-divided into
four separated groups consist of positive
control (PC) group, negative control (NC) group
and two experimental groups receiving E.
serratus crude extract at doses of 200 mg/kg
body weight (b.w.) (ES-I) and 400 mg/kg b.w.
(ES-II). Mice were remarkably observed for a
week to monitor any suffering or distress and
fasted overnight prior to the experiments. The
animal experiments were conducted according
to the Ethics Committee of State University of
Bangladesh (SUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Drug treatments and chemical reagents
Diclofenac sodium, glibenclamide, and

loperamide hydrochloride were purchased
from Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd (Bangla-
desh). Phenobarbitone sodium and morphine
sulphate were supplied by Incepta Pharma-
ceuticals Ltd (Bangladesh), and Beacon Phar-
maceuticals Ltd (Bangladesh). Tween 80,
normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and castor oil were
kindly given by BDH Chemicals Ltd (United
Kingdom). The remaining chemicals and rea-
gents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Munich, Germany).

Peripheral analgesic activity
The acetic acid-mediated writhing method

by Kaushik, D., et al. 2012 was copied to assess
the peripheral analgesic activity of the E. ser-
ratus crude extract [13]. The intraperitoneal
acetic acid injection was given to all mice with
a view to exhort the abdominal pain followed
by writhing in mice. The potentialities of the
test samples were measured by calculating
their competency in the reduction of writhing
numbers. Test group (ES-I and ES-II) were orally
administered, containing the doses of 200- and
400 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.), respectively.
Whereas, the NC group orally received 1%
tween 80 in saline and the PC group orally
received diclofenac sodium at 50 mg/kg dose
[14]. To induce writhing in mice, 1% v/v acetic
acid was given intraperitoneally to all mice
(10 ml/kg b.w.) followed by a resting period of
40 minutes after test samples administration.
The writhing cases were carefully observed and
documented for 10 minutes after giving 10 mi-
nutes resting period. The acetic acid-induced
pain reduction was calculated by using the
following equation:

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Central analgesic activity
Pizziketti et al., 1985 described the tail-flick

method was implemented to assess the central
analgesic activity of E. serratus crude extract in
mice [15]. In this method, the mice were orally
given a different dose of drugs and E. serratus,
and the tips of the mice tails were submerged
in a constant radiant heat source (hot water
bath at 55±0.5 °C). The reaction time (mice tail
deflects from the heating source) of each
mouse was recorded using a stopwatch. To
prevent the damage of tail, we maintained a

cut off period of 15 seconds. Similar to the
peripheral analgesic study, the NC group orally
received 1% tween-80 in saline, and the PC
group was subcutaneously injected with mor-
phine (2 mg/kg b.w.) [16]. The ES-I and ES-II
were prescribed orally to the test groups of
mice. The tail-flick reaction was counted and
recorded in 0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minu-
tes, and 90 minutes after administration of
the test samples. The following equation was
used to measure the pain inhibition per cen-
tage (PIP).

% of writhing inhibition=

(Mean writhing of control–Mean writhing of test)×100%
Mean writhing of control

PIP=
(Mean latency of treatment–Mean latency of control)×100%

Mean latency of control

Percentage inhibition=
Mean defecation of control–Mean defecation of test sample or standard

Mean writhing of control
×100%

% of writhing inhibition=
(Mean writhing of control–Mean writhing of test)×100%

Mean writhing of control

PIP=
(Mean latency of treatment–Mean latency of control)×100%

Mean latency of control

Percentage inhibition=
Mean defecation of control–Mean defecation of test sample or standard

Mean writhing of control
×100%

Hypoglycemic activity
The tail tipping technique according to the

method described by Durschlag et al., 1996 was
repeated to assess the hypoglycemic activity of
test samples in mice model [17]. Here, the NC
group was treated with 1% tween-80 (0.1 ml/10
m g b . w . ) , a n d P C g r o u p t r e a t e d w i t h
glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) whereas, Group-
III and Group-IV were treated with ES-I and
ES-II respectively. All treatments were applied
orally [14]. To accelerate the blood sugar level
of mice, a 10% glucose solution was orally given
to all mice after an hour resting period at dose
2 g/kg b.w. Blood is withdrawn from the tail tip
and blood sugar was measured and recorded
by using a glucometer (Bioland G-423 S) in 0
minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes,
and 180 minutes respectively.

Antidiarrheal activity
The antidiarrheal activity of E. serratus crude

extract was determined by the method
described by Shaoba and Thomas [18], where
f o r c e f u l d i a r r h e a i s i n d u c e d b y o r a l l y
administrating 1.0 ml of castor oil to all mice.
Similar to other studies, various oral treatments
were applied to the mice such as NC group
received 1% tween-80 in saline, PC group
received loperamide hydrochloride (50 mg/kg
b.w.) and the remaining two groups were given
ES-I and ES-II respectively [19]. All groups of
mice were housed in individual cages with a
blotting paper placed beforehand. The number
of diarrheal feces were recorded for each mice
over four hours of the experiment. The
percentage of diarrheal prohibition was
accounted for using the following formula:

% of writhing inhibition=
(Mean writhing of control–Mean writhing of test)×100%

Mean writhing of control

PIP=
(Mean latency of treatment–Mean latency of control)×100%

Mean latency of control

Percentage inhibition=
Mean defecation of control–Mean defecation of test sample or standard

Mean writhing of control
×100%

Statistical analysis
The values are represented here are set of

mean ± standard error of mean (M±SEM). All
the calculation was performed using student
t-test or one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s
test to determine the statistically significant
differences between the groups. A p-value <
0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The peripheral analgesic activity of E. ser-

ratus crude extract is demonstrated in Table 1.
a significant reductions of abdominal muscle
contractions caused by the administration of
0.1 ml acetic acid were exhibited in both expe-

rimental groups where ES-II showed higher
writhing inhibition and was close to the PC
group. Our results indicated that the E. serratus
bark crude extracts significantly inhibit the
number of writhing 69.77% and 73.26% at dose
200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. gradually whilst
diclofenac sodium displayed 75.58% writhing
inhibition.

Values are represented here as mean of
±SEM. NC=1% tween 80 in water, PC= diclofenac
sodium, ES-i: E. serratus crude extract-i, ES-ii:
E. serratus crude extract-II. M1-4=mice 1 to 4
respectively. (n=4, *p<0.01)

The result of the tail-flick method to assess
the central analgesic activity of E. serratus are

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shown in table 2. Both experimental groups ES-I
and ES-II increased the response time by
37.32% and 53.72% respectively in the initial
30 minutes of the experiment, whereas PC
morphine increased by 85.24%. In addition,
82.76% (200 mg/kg b.w.), 98.94% (400 mg/kg
b.w.) tail flicking response were recorded in
60 minute, and 149.27% (200 mg/kg b.w.) and
179.46% (400 mg/kg b.w.) were recorded in
90 minutes of the experiments. The whole expe-
riment followed a dose-dependent tail flicking
response over the time.

Values are represented here as mean of
±SEM. NC= 1% tween 80 in water, PC= morphine
sulfate, ES-i: E. serratus crude extract-I, and
ES-ii: E. serratus crude extract-II. (n=4, *p<0.01)

The bark crude extract of E. serratus not
displayed any significant blood glucose-lo-
wering activity at doses 200 and 400-mg/kg b.w.
However, the percent of blood sugar reducing

activity was found to be followed in a dose-
dependent manner. The results shown in table
3 indicated that the highest glucose lowering
activity was displayed at dose 400 mg/kg b.w.
relative to ES-I groups.

Values are represented here as mean of
±SEM. NC=1% tween 80 in water, PC=gli ben-
clamide, ES-i: E. serratus crude extract-I, and
ES-ii: E. serratus crude extract-II. (n=4, *p<0.01)

The remarkable antidiarrheal activities were
displayed by ES-I and ES-II in mice. The potential
antidiarrheal activity of the E. serratus crude
extract is shown in table 4. The ES-I and ES-II
substantially reduced the number of castor oil-
incited diarrheal feces by 64.29% and 78.57%
compared to the NC. The highest diarrheal
reduction was shown by PC group.

Values are represented here as mean of
±SEM. NC=1% tween 80 in water, PC=loperamide
hydrochloride, ES-i: E. serratus crude extract-I,

Table 1. Peripheral analgesic activity of E. serratus bark crude extract

Mice group
Writhing count (sec) Number of writhing

(Mean±SEM)
% Inhibition
of writhingM-1 M-2 M-3 M-3 M-4

NC 20 21 23 22 21.50±0.65* –
PC 5 6 5 5 5.25±0.25* 75.58
ES-I 7 6 6 7 6.50±0.29* 69.77
ES-II 6 6 5 6 5.75±0.25* 73.26

Table 2. Central analgesic activity of E. serratus bark crude extract

Mice
group

30 minutes of assay 60 minutes of assay 90 minutes of assay
M±SEM % of elongation M±SEM % of elongation M±SEM % of elongation

NC 3.49±0.32* – 3.55±0.08* – 3.60±0.20* –
PC 6.47±0.11* 85.24 9.57±0.25* 169.39 13.19±0.35* 266.07
ES-I 4.79±0.34* 37.32 6.49±0.35* 82.76 8.98±0.25* 149.27
ES-II 5.37±0.32* 53.72 7.07±0.39* 98.94 10.07±0.42* 179.46

Table 4. Antidiarrhoeal activity of E. serratus bark crude extract

Mice group Dose Number of diarrheal feces (Mean±SEM) % Reduction of diarrhea

NC 10 ml/kg b.w. 3.5±0.58* –
PC 50 mg/kg b.w. 0.5±0.48* 85.71
ES-I 200 mg/kg b.w. 1.25±0.85* 64.29
ES-II 400 mg/kg b.w. 0.75±0.71* 78.57

Table 3. Hypoglycemic activity of E. serratus bark crude extract

Mice
group

60 minutes of assay 120 minutes of assay 180 minutes of assay
M±SEM

(mmol/L) % Reduction
M±SEM

(mmol/L) % Reduction

NC 12.60±0.87 8.55±0.31 4.45±0.34
PC 5.63±0.39 55.36 4.23±0.57 50.58 2.6±0.17 41.57

ES-I 10.18±0.61 19.25 7.05±0.39 17.54 3.95±0.23 11.24
ES-II 10.08±0.93 20.04 6.85±0.38 19.88 3.75±0.19 15.73

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and ES-ii: E. serratus crude extract-II. (n=4,
*p<0.01)

Discussion
acetic acid may trigger the writhing reflex

in experimental animals where visceral pain is
generated through activation of pain receptors
on the visceral surface and extreme secretion
of histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinin and
serotonin [20]. In the experimental animals,
acetic acid induces visceral pain which is com-
monly treated with NSAID drugs or chemicals,
such as phenyl quine (prostaglandin E2 inhi-
bitor). In addition, the level of analgesia is
measured by calculating the percent reduction
of abdominal contraction by drugs or crude
extract after intraperitoneal administration of
acetic acid to mice. In this study, E. serratus
extracts significantly reduced the sum of abdo-
minal contraction of 69.77% and 73.26% by ES-I
and ES-II compared to NC. Importantly, the
results of peripheral analgesic activity by ES-I
and ES-II were almost equal to the diclofenac
treatment. Therefore, by considering our
results, we assumed that E. serratus extract may
be inhibited the synthesis or release of endo-
genous substances in mice to act its potential
peripheral analgesic activity. However, further
research may need to explore the exact me-
chanisms.

In the central analgesic assay, the relative
promotion of tail-flicking response (in percent)
was obtained from E. serratus extract in a dose
and time-dependent manner. Although, the
responses from E. serratus crude extracts were
a bit of lower than the PC-morphine however,
higher dose might be shown an equals or
higher potentiality like morphine. Pizziketti, et
al., 1985 demonstrated that the tail flicking
response is mostly generated from spinal reflex
caused by radiant heat source however it may
involve higher neuronal complex signals. In
general, the pain is centrally originated via a
number of complex signaling such as opiate,
dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic
nervous systems [15]. Our results described
that E. serratus displayed a significantly higher
level of pain threshold activity at 200 and
400 mg/kg b.w. respectively in mice model. The
core mechanisms may be associated with the
receptor-bind inhibition of pain-related nervous
system or through peripheral mechanisms
involved prohibited prostaglandins, leuko-
trienes, and other endogenous substances
release and synthesis which are key mediators
of pain [21]. Our results might be followed the

same mechanisms to exhibit the potential
analgesic activity in mice model.

Our bark crude extract of E. serratus shown
lack of blood glucose lowering activity. Notwith-
standing, a considerable number of studies
have concluded that plant extracts exhibit
potential anti-hyperglycemic activity by acce-
lerating or regenerating β cells or promoting
the secretion of insulin [22, 23]. The hypo-
glycemic activity by the natural product may
also associated with excessive insulin secretion
from β cells or trigger the peripheral glucose
consumption, or promote insulin-mediated
blood sugar absorbing mechanisms [22-24].

Apart from this, the statistical evaluation
revealed that both doses of E. serratus showed
a significant dose-dependent anti-diarrheal
activity in mice. The ricinoleic fatty acid or
12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid is an active
metabolite of castor oil. This metabolic fatty
acid enhanced peristaltic activity in the small
intestine to trigger the permeability of mucosal
electrolytes thus resulting diarrhea [25, 26].
Furthermore, ricinoleic fatty acid enhanced
mucosal irritation and inflammation which
cont ribute to the excessive endogenous pros-
taglandin secretion. Moreover, in castor oil-
induced diarrheal mechanisms it involved a
cascade of signaling including, intestinal Na+/
K+-ATPase inhibition, adenylate cyclase acti-
vation or promotion cAMP-mediated platelet-
activating factor secretion [25, 27].

In summary, the plant E. serratus contained
several flavonoids, anthraquinone glycosides,
fatty acid, alcohol, aldehyde, hydrocarbons al-
kaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. [7, 8, 28]. The
presence of glycosides, steroids, and flavonoids
which exhibited potential analgesic, hypo-
glycemic and antidiarrheal activities in many
plants [29-31]. In the present study, we con-
cluded that E. serratus extract may contain a
variety of bioactive phytochemicals. After suc-
cessful isolation and characterization of phyto-
chemicals, it might be used as an analgesic, and
as an antidiarrheal agent.

Conclusion
The bark extract of E. serratus exhibited

potential peripheral and central analgesic
activity, very mild hypoglycemic activity but
effective antidiarrhoeal activity in mice model.
Therefore, further investigations are needed to
isolate and characterization of bioactivite
molecules present in this plant. Further re-
search may open a new therapeutic agents in
the treatments of various diseases.

a.a.H. Pinkey et al.

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Acknowledgement
All the authors acknowledge that all the

experiments were ethically approved by the
Department of Pharmacy, State University of
Bangladesh. No additional fund was provided
for this study. We thankful to Dr. Azam for
assistance with the English improvements.

Conflict of Interests
authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding
No funding was received for this study.
Author׳s Contributions
Asma Aul Husna Pinkey, Mohammad Abdullah

Taher – conceptualization, methodology; Asma
Aul Husna Pinkey, investigation, data curation,
formal analysis, writing – original draft; Zahirul
Islam Khan – data curation, formal analysis,
writing – reviewing and editing; Mahfuza Afroz
Soma – writing – reviewing and editing.

ПРЕКЛІНІЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗНЕБОЛЮЮЧОЇ ТА ПРОТИПРОНОСНОЇ ДІЇ
ELAEOCARPUS SERRATUS L. НА МИШАХ

A.A.H. Pinkey1, *Z.I. Khan2, M.A. Taher1, M.A. Soma1
1 - DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACy, STATE UNIVERSITy OF BANGLADESH, DHAKA, BANGLADESH

2 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS, THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY,
HONG KONG, CHINA

Вступ. Elaeocarpus serratus L. (родина Elaeocarpaceae) - тропічне плодове дерево, фрукти, кора та
інші частини якого традиційно використовуються при лікуванні отруєнь, діареї, артриту та інших
захворювань.

Мета – дослідити фармакологічну активність (знеболювальну, протидіарейну та гіпоглікемічну
дію) сухого метанольного екстракту кори E. serratus на мишах.

Методи. для експериментальної оцінки центрального та периферичного компонентів у механізмі
знеболювальної дії екстракту використовували метод оцінки больової реакції, що викликається хімічним
подразненням – метод «оцтовокислих корчів», та метод теплового подразнення, суть якого полягає
в зануренні хвоста миші у гарячу воду (55±0.5°C). для оцінки протипроносної активності використовували
модель діареї, викликаної введенням рициновою олією, для визначення гіпоглікемічної активності
екстракту використали метод Durschlag et al., 1996, забір крові проводили шляхом надрізів хвоста.

Результати. встановлено, що застосування сухого метанольного екстракту кори E. serratus
достовірно зменшує частоту розвитку корчів на 69,77% (200 мг/кг) та 73,26% (400 мг/кг) відповідно
(p<0,05), що досягає рівня активності стандартного нпЗп диклофенаку натрію, який зменшує показник
на 75,58% (p<0.05). Такі ж результати щодо частоти реакції хвоста піддослідних тварин протягом
30, 60 та 90 хвилин – показника центральної знеболюючої активності екстракту. Щодо протипроносної
активності, то E. Serratus зменшував частоту діареї на 64.26% (200 мг/кг, p<0,05) та 78,57% (400 мг/кг,
p<0,05), що також досягало також ж ефективності, які і у групі позитивного контролю з лоперамідом.
Щодо гіпоглікемічної активності екстракту E. serratus – отримані нами результати були непере-
конливими.

Висновок. наше дослідження продемонструвало значну знеболювальну та протидіарейну
активність сухого метанольного екстракту кори E. serratus (200 та 400 мг/кг) на мишах.

КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: Elaeocarpus serratus; знеболювальна активність; протипроносна активність;
гіпоглікемічна активність

Information about the authors
Asma Aul Husna Pinkey, graduate student, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
oRCid 0000-0002-6851-269X, e-mail: pinkeykhanam88@gmail.com
Md Zahirul Islam Khan, full-time PhD student, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,

China
oRCid 0000-0001-7048-2613, e-mail: zahir.islamkhan@connect.polyu.hk
Mohammad Abdullah Taher, lecturer and coordinator, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka,

Bangladesh
oRCid 0000-0002-0701-470X, e-mail: taher@sub.edu.bd
Mahfuza Afroz Soma, lecturer and Student Counselor, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka,

Bangladesh
oRCid 0000-0003-2903-8822, e-mail: soma@sub.edu.bd

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Received 21 Sep 2020; revised 11 Nov 2020;
accepted 14 Dec 2020.

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