63 B io m e d ic a l S c ie n c e S iSSn 2413-6077. iJmmR 2016 Vol. 2 issue 2 doI 10.11603/IJMMR.2413-6077.2016.2.7001 ENdOgENOUs INTOXIcATION IN ANImALs Of dIffERENT AgE gROUPs IN cAsE Of POLYTRAUmA S. R. Pidruchna, H. M. Stepanova, B. O. Pereviznyk, N. A. Vasylyshyn, A. A. Hudyma, L. S. Donchenko I. HORBACHEVSKY TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, TERNOPIL, UKRAINE Background. Associated injury is a worldwide social and economic problem. Age related aspects of endogenous intoxication are not studied comprehensively. Annually, from 44 000 to 65 000 citizens die because of traumatic injuries. As a result, this number increased by 32.6% for the last 10 years. The detoxification system, as a component of the functional systems of the organism, experiences significant changes in case of polytrauma. Objective. The study was aimed to discover pathogenetic peculiarities of the multiple trauma in age aspect in different disease periods and to explore the level of endogenous intoxication in this condition. Methods. The experiments were performed on 72 white male rats aged 3, 6 and 12 months, which underwent simulation of severe skeletal trauma and examination of the contents of middle mass molecules and endogenous intoxication index (markers of endogenous intoxication) in 1, 4 and 24 hours after the associated injury. Results. the most significant increase of the middle mass molecules was fixed in 24 hours after modeling of severe skeletal injuries in all groups of animals, especially it was the most pronounced in 12-month-old animals. The erythrocyte intoxication index reached the highest level in 4 hours after the injury, its increase was most significant in sexually mature adult animals. Conclusions. a significant increasing of endogenous intoxication markers in 12-month-old rats, if compared to 3- and 6-month-old animals, can be caused by the decrease in compensatory protection mechanisms. KEY WORDS: multiple trauma, endogenous intoxication, age. Corresponding author: Svitlana Pidruchna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 1 Maidan Voli, Ternopil, Ukraine, 46001 Phone number: +380352254784 E-mail: pidruchna@tdmu.edu.ua Introduction These days, the increased number of associated is one of the most important social and economic problems [1–7]. In Ukraine the mortality rate, as a con- sequence of injury, is 91.8% of cases per 100 000 citizens. Annually, from 44 000 to 65 000 citizens die because of traumatic injuries. As a result, this number increased by 32.6% for the last 10 years. The detoxification system, as a component of the functional systems of the organism, experiences significant changes in case of multiple trauma. The disturbance of functioning of this system leads to the development of endogenous intoxication syndrome (eIS), which causes the primary diseases and the com- plications due to increased tissue decay, escalation of catabolic processes, insufficient functioning of internal organs [11, 12]. Among the causes of death during terminal stage are multiple organ failure and consistent pro- gressive failure of organ systems as a result of injury. Nowadays the age-related mechanisms of eIS development are not studied compre- hensively. There are no complete pathogenetic approaches to the explanation and prognosis of early and late complications of multiple trauma. The study was aimed to discover patho- genetic peculiarities of the multiple trauma in age aspect in different disease periods and to explore the level of endogenous intoxication in this condition. Material and Methods In this experimental study we used 72 white rats of the age of 3, 6, and 12 months old. The experimental model of multiple trauma was implemented during the study [9]. The control group was comprised of intact animals, which International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 2016, volume 2, Issue 2, p. 63-66 copyright © 2016, TSMU, All Rights Reserved S. R. Pidruchna et al. 64 B io m e d ic a l S c ie n c e S iSSn 2413-6077. iJmmR 2016 Vol. 2 issue 2 were kept under the standard vivarium conditions. Decapitation was accomplished under thiopental anaesthesia on 1st, 4th, and 24th hour of the experiment in accordance to The European Convention for the Protection of vertebrate Animals Used for experimental and other Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, 1986). We used blood serum for the research. The degree of toxic syndrome was evaluated by the level of middle mass molecules (MMM) [8] and erythrocyte intoxication index (eII) [10]. The received data was processed by method of statistical variation and Student t-test. The results were considered as significant at the value р<0.05. Results and Discussion In our experiment we detected the signi- ficant changes of MMM in all 3 animal groups and compared the results with the intact ones. In the 3-month-old rats the increase of МMМ254 was observed during the 1 st hour after multiple trauma. The level of these molecules increased by 39%, and after 4 hours it was 48% if compared to the intact animals. On the 1st day after the multiple trauma MMM254 was on 43% higher than normal rates. The similar changes were observed in the 6-month-old rats. During the 1st hour the МMМ254 was increasing even by 73%, in 4 hours — by 83% and in 1 day of the experiment it was by 79% higher than in the intact group. The most significant increase in MMM254 was evidenced in the 12-month-old animals. After the 1st hour it increased by 93%, in 4 hours — by 96% if compared to the intact animals, in 1 day — more than in 2 times. The increase of MMM level in animals after multiple trauma proved the enforcement of catabolic processes. The rise of MMM levels, which can include oligopeptides, fragments of nucleic acids, fatty acids, and triglycerides, can prove the injury of the hepatocytes membranes and MMM254 that include purine bases, uric acid and aromatic amino acids — the suppression of the detoxifying function of liver [13]. The differences in the dynamics of changes of MMM280 between the 1 st, 2nd and 3rd groups were manifested (Fig. 2). After the multiple trauma the level of MMM280 in the 3-month-old animal group was higher by 82% if compared to intact animals. In 4 hours it was exceeding the level of control group by 108%, in 1 day — by 98%. Fig. 1. The level of МMМ254 in rats of different age after multiple trauma (in percentage if compared to the level of the intact animals) in dynamics. Fig. 2. The level of МMМ280 in rats of different age after multiple trauma (in percentage if compared to the level in the intact animals) in dynamics. 142,73 179,09 148,18139,39 100 172,73 182,73 203,64192,73 196,36 0 50 100 150 200 250 Intact 1 hour 4 hour 1 day 3 months 6 months 12 months 198218 208 182 100 204 236 448 370 434 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Intact 1 hour 4 hour 1 day 3 months 6 months 12 months S. R. Pidruchna et al. 65 B io m e d ic a l S c ie n c e S iSSn 2413-6077. iJmmR 2016 Vol. 2 issue 2 In the 6-month-old group MMM280 was higher by 104% if compared to the control group, in 4 and 24 hours — by 136% and 98% respectively. The highest level of MMM280 was observed in the 12-month-old animals in all periods of the experiment. In 1 hour after multiple trauma, it was exceeding the level of the intact animals by 270%, in 4 hours — by 344%, in 1 day — by 448%. We argue that the increase in MMM levels is a manifestation of catabolic processes enfor- cement in cells of vital tissues. The possible cause for these changes can be the activation of intracellular, particularly lysosomal proteases under the influence of these toxins [14]. The multiple trauma also influenced on the level of erythrocyte membranes impairment (Fig. 3). 192,24 213,04 197,2 184,47 100 207,14 224,22 248,76227,33 244,72 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Intact 1 hour 4 hour 1 day 3 months 6 months 12 months Fig. 3. The level of eII in rats of different age after multiple trauma (in percentage if compared to the level of the intact animals) in dynamics. EII significantly increased during the 1st hour after multiple trauma in the 3-month-old rats and exceeded the level of the intact animals by 85%. In 4 and 24 hours of the experiment it increased by 97% and 92% respectively. In the 6-month-old rats, in 1 hour the eII was higher than in the intact animals by 107%, in 4 hours — by 124%, in 1 day – by 213%. In the 12-month-old rats, in 1 hour the eII was higher by 127% if compared to the intact rats, in 4 hours — by 245%, and in 1 day — by 149%. In case of MMM the eII reached the highest level. The data obtained prove the action poten- tiation of endogenous toxins that are excreted to blood in case of multiple trauma; it can be accompanied by either high level of catabolic processes or the suppression of the detoxi- fication system functional activity [15]. Conclusions MMM and eII proved serious age-related differences between the animals with multiple trauma. In all animal groups the highest value was reached during the 1st hour after the injury and continued with concomitant slow decline, especially in the 3- and 6-month-old animals in 4 hours after the injury. 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