Titular Capítulo


 http://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2019.10163 

Received: 2018y-05-16  Accepted: 2019-07-18 

To cite this article: Hernadewita, Rochmad, I., Hendra, Hermiyetti, Yuliani, E.N.S. (2019). An Analysis of Implementation 

of Taguchi Method to Improve Production of Pulp on Hydrapulper Milling. International Journal of Production Manage-

ment and Engineering, 7(2), 125-131. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2019.10163 

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Int. J. Prod. Manag. Eng. (2019) 7(2), 125-131  |  125
https://polipaper.upv.es/index.php/IJPME 

An Analysis of Implementation of Taguchi Method to Improve Pro-
duction of Pulp on Hydrapulper Milling. 

Hernadewita 
a
, Rochmad, I. 

b
, Hendra 

c
, Hermiyetti 

d
, Yuliani, E.N.S.

e
 

a,b,e
 Magister of Industrial Engineering, Mercu Buana University, Jl. Meruya Selatan, Jakarta, Indonesia 

c
Mechanical Engineering, University of Bengkulu, Jl. Kandang Limun, Bengkulu, Indonesia. 

d
Faculty of Economic Social Science, Bakrie University, Jl. HR Rasuna Said, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia. 

a
hernadewita@mercubuana.ac.id ,

 a
 imb_rochmad@yahoo.co.id 

. 

Abstract: Taguchi method is one of a design of experimental (DOE), by using statistical ap-
proach to optimize the process parameters and maintaining the minimum variability and also 
improve the quality of product. Based on data characterisation, Nominal is Best in Taguchi 
methods is suitable application in this study. Its describe the procedures and steps that occur in 
DOE to find an optimum quality parameter corresponding quality characterisation. Nominal is 
the best applied in milling process of pulp on the hydrapulper with pulp freeness 650 Canadian 
Standard Freeness (CSF). The result is shown by orthogonal array, Signal-to-Noise (S/N) Ratio 
and analysis of variances (ANOVA). Three factors cosidered in this study and namely the com-
position of pulp (waste paper), pulp consistency and milling time. The experiment will conducted 
after determination of each level and the appropriate orthogonal array was selected. After 
measuring of pulp freeness produced by the pulp milling on the hydrapulper, then Signal-to-
Noise (S/N) Ratio is calculated. As the conclussion, the factors and levels of optimum freeness 
obtained, pulp composition in level 1 (100%), pulp consistency at level 2 (8%) and milling time 
factor in level 2 (45 minutes). The result of experimental verification was interpreted in the con-
clusion.  
Keywords: Taguchi, DOE, pulp, hydrapulper, Nominal is the Best, ANOVA. 

1 Introduction 

In the globalization era, the competition among 

the business is very tight. One is shown by the 

development of materials input in industry. Its 

indicated by arising on launching the new prod-

ucts with variety of brands into the market, either 

national and international. In such situation, the 

main problem needs to be solve by businesses in 

order to survive is by giving focused on satisfac-

tion to customers compared to the other factors.  

There is no doubt that the main factor determin-

ing of customer satisfaction is the quality of 

product or services. Organizations or companies 

which meet quality requirement of products and 

services will be satisfying the customer needs. In 

fullfilness of customer satisfaction, as one of the 

fiber cement company in Indonesia, PT. BBI is 

committed to constantly improve their competi-

tiveness and seize in a larger market, thus in-

creasing in the quality of products and services 

as one of the determinants factor of customer 

satisfaction.  

As one of the flagship products of PT. BBI is a 

corrugated fiber cement, which is produced in 

Sheet Machine, Line I to IV. Which is one of 

main content are milleing pulp in hydrapulper 

with specific freeness of 650 Canadian Standard 

mailto:ahernadewita@mercubuana.ac.id
mailto:imb_rochmad@yahoo.co.id


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Freeness (CSF). The freeness of the pulp mill on 

hydrapulper (Fatoki et al., 2015) currently very 

varietive, so that, it will have an impact to over-

all quality of fiber cement for corrugating roof. 

To improve the quality of the pulp production, so 

then, its conducted Taguchi experimental design 

approach with characterisation of quality by 

nominal is the best, in achieving the freeness of 

milled pulp of 650 CSF. 

The objectives in this study was to determine the 

factors that influence the quality of the pulp 

slurry freeness and examine of each level of 

optimal factor for the improvement of the quality 

of the pulp milling on the hydrapulper. 

 

2 Taguchi Method 

This study is used an experimental design ap-

proach with the application of Taguchi method. 

Taguchi method is one of a new method in the 

field of engineering that objectives to improve 

the quality of products and processes and the 

mean time will costs and resources to a minimum 

(Taguchi, 1993; Kawamura, 2010; Athreya and 

Venkatesh, 2012; Bellavendram 1995; Do-

brzañski, 2007; Hassan et al., 2012; Kamarudin et 

al., 2004; Lajis et al., 2009; Roy, 2010; Verma et 

al., 2012; Yadav et al., 2012). The objective of 

Taguchi method is to meet the product robust 

against noise, as it is often referred as the Robust 

Design. Robust Design method, also called the 

Taguchi Method, pioneered by Dr. Genichi 

Taguchi, greatly improves engineering produc-

tivity. By consciously considering the noise 

factors (environmental variation during the prod-

uct’s usage, manufacturing variation, and com-

ponent deterioration) and the cost of failure in 

the field the Robust Design method helps ensure 

customer satisfaction. Robust Design focuses on 

improving the fundamental function of the prod-

uct or process, thus facilitating flexible designs 

and concurrent engineering. Indeed, it is the most 

powerful method available to reduce product 

cost, improve quality, and simultaneously reduce 

development interval. As the definition of quality 

according to Taguchi is loss received by the 

public since the product was shipped. Taguchi’s 

philosophy of quality consists of four concepts 

(Taguchi, 1993), as: 

1. Quality should be designed into the product 

and not just duing control by quality check. 

2. The best quality is achieved by minimising 

the deviation from the target. 

3. Products must be designed to be robust 

against environmental factors that could not 

be controlled. 

4. The cost of quality should be measured in a 

function of a certain standard deviation, so 

that the loss should be measured in the 

whole system. 

Taguchi method characterise as off-line quality 

control, which means as preventive quality con-

trol in product design or production process 

before arriving at the shop floor level. Off-line 

quality control is determined at the beginning of 

the life cycle of product improvement at the 

beginning of the product (to get right first time). 

Taguchi contribution to quality are: 

1. Loss Function: Represents the loss produced 

by the people (producers and consumers) 

due to the quality produced. For producers 

with the cost of quality carried out by cus-

tomers is their dissatisfaction or frustration 

of products purchased or used because of 

poor quality. 

2. Orthogonal Array: Used to design an exper-

iment that efisisen and used to analyze ex-

perimental data. Orthogonal array is used to 

determine the minimum number of experi-

ments that can give as much information as 

possible all factors that influence the param-

eter. The most important part of the orthog-

onal array lies in the selection level combi-

nation of input variables for each 

experiment.  

3. Robustness: Minimizing the sensitivity of 

the system to the sources of variation.  

 



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2.1 Taguchi Design of Experiments 

Taguchi experimental design is an assessment 

simultaneously to two or more factors (parame-

ters) affecting the ability of the average or the 

variability of the combined results of the features 

of the product or process. Some of the steps 

proposed by Taguchi to experiment systematical-

ly, namely: 

a. Formulation of the problem 

b. Experimental purposes 

c. Determination of the dependent variable 

d. Identify the factors (independent variables) 

e. Separation of control factors and noise fac-

tors 

f. Specifies the number of levels and the level 

of each factor 

g. The calculation of degrees of freedom 

h. Selection of an orthogonal matrix 

i. Placement of the factors and the interaction 

space into an orthogonal array 

j. Implementation of the experiment according 

to an orthogonal array 

Table 2.1. Determination of Total Level and Level Value Factor. 

 

Table 2.2. Results of experiments with orthogonal array L27 (313). 

 



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k. Analyzing the experimental data with 

ANOVA, calculate the optimal quality pre-

diction. 

l. The implementation of the verification ex-

periment.  

 

3 Result 

Based on Taguchi experimental and the result to 

the orthogonal array, the data processed came out 

as follows Table 3.1 to 3.8. 

To reach the intended target (nominal is the 

best), the determination of the optimal factor 

level is the result on the test that approach the 

pulp freeness on 650 CSF. So that, the optimal 

Table 3.1. Factors Interaction Solutions A and B. 

 

Table 3.2. Response Pulp Freeness Average of Factors Effect. 

 

Table 3.3. Analysis of Variance Combined Pulp Freeness Average. 

 

Table 3.4. Percentage Constribution. 

 

Table 3.5. Response S / N Ratio Pulp Freeness of Factors Effect. 

 

Table 3.6. Factors Interaction Solutions. 

 



An Analysis of Implementation of Taguchi Method to Improve Production of Pulp on Hydrapulper Milling. 

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combination of factors level are: 

A1 = Waste paper 100%. 

B2 = Pulp Consistency 8%. 

C2 = Milling time for 45 minutes. 

The percentage contribution from the Table 3.4 

shows that the factor C (milling time) was con-

tributed to the most of average freeness of the 

pulp, which 55.205% followed by factor B (con-

sistency) 20.084% and factor A (waste paper) 

14.561%. 

To obtain the target of nominal is the best, com-

bination of optimal factor level achieved in the 

average value of S/N ratio is the lowest level of 

each factor, indicating the smaller of the value 

closer to the target. The optimum level factors 

are: 

A1 = Waste paper 100%. 

B2 = Pulp Consistency 8%. 

C2 = Milling time for 45 minutes. 

3.1 Analysis of Varians (ANOVA) S/N 

Ratio Pulp Freeness Average 

The ANOVA for S/N Ratio Pulp Freeness Aver-

age is shown of Table 3.7 and Table 3.8. The 

percentage contribution from the Table 3.7 and 

3.8, shows that the factor C (milling time) con-

tributed to the most of average freeness of the 

pulp, which is 17.121% followed by interaction 

of factors AXC (1) 0.381% and an average inter-

action AXB (2) -3.535%. 

 

4 Conclusions and Discussion 

As the definition of pulp freeness on milling 

process is spread/decomposition of pulp fibers 

after the milling process, the measuring standard 

of freeness on industry are generalise in three 

types, such as; Canadian Standard freeness 

(CSF), Schopper Riegler (oSR) and Williams 

Slowness (s). 

As the result from Taguchi experimental, it 

shown that the freeness of pulp produced from 

hydrapulper milling prediction increasing the 

quality (see Fig. 4.1). Also, as the experimental 

verification data showed an increasing in the 

quality of milling process significantly and the 

freeness of the pulp milled on hydrapulper more 

stable (see Fig. 4.2). 

4.1 Research limitations 

The accuracy of the results was strongly influ-

enced by the    choosen   of the instruments. The 

Table 3.7. Analysis of Variance Combined S/N Ratio 

Pulp Freeness. 

 

Table 3.8. Percent contribution of S/N Ratio Pulp 

Freeness. 

 

Table 4.1. Interpretation of Measurement Results of 

Pulp Freeness Average. 

 



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suitable measuring instruments will be determin-

ing the accuracy on the result of study. Further-

more, reference to relevant support, with the 

access to reference study related will facilitate 

the next coming research in the same field and 

differences method and instruments. Number of 

limitations in the this study, are: 

1. The measurement scale on range was used a 

multiply of 10. So that, the measuring results 

are less accuracy on readings than compared 

to the results of calculations verification on 

Taguchi experimental. 

2. The lack of references on this study. In this 

study there was little impediment as a com-

parison. Furthermore, the comparison was 

used cross references study in the sense of 

the pulp. 

The Taguchi design experimental is considered 

into the factors that influence the quality charac-

teristization, without considering to the interfer-

ence factors. Thus, the experiment was focused 

on the implementation of complexity and signifi-

cant costs. As the engine noise is not included in 

this study, the effect of engine noise also can 

affect the accuracy and quality of experimental 

results. 

5 Conclusion and Discussion 

5.1 Conclusion 

1. The quality improvement of the pulp free-

ness produced from hydrapulper milling was 

shown by Taguchi experimental design im-

plementation with the character of nominal 

is the best (650 CSF). The obtained factors 

and the level of each factors that influence 

the pulp freeness produced from hydrapulper 

milling processing, as follows: 

a. The composition of recycled paper 

(waste paper) at the level 1 (100%). 

b. Pulp consistency at level 2 (8%). 

c. Milling time at level 2 (45 minutes).  

2. The use of recycled paper of cement bags 

(waste paper) is decreased the production 

cost of the fiber cement roofing. As the price 

of recycled paper of cement bags are gener-

ally cheaper than new paper that used as an 

imported, and at the same time maintaining 

appropriate quality standards. 

 

5.2 Discussion 

In addition to the conclusions, the recommenda-

tion on more accurate and detail of experimental 

results to quality improvement are as follows: 

 

Figure 4.1. The Current Pulp Freeness Produced from Hydrapulper Milling.  

 

Figure 4.2. The Pulp Freeness Produced from Hydrapulper Milling On Experimental Verification. 



An Analysis of Implementation of Taguchi Method to Improve Production of Pulp on Hydrapulper Milling. 

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1. Carefully use a measuring tube with a scale 

size and clearly, will avoid errors in reading, 

so it will produce accurate information or da-

ta that used as the experimental results. 

2. The use of Taguchi experimental design can 

be developed, such as in engineering tests to 

find the best product quality in manufacturing 

line. And also improved the quality of prod-

uct for fiber cement roofing and other prod-

ucts are affected by several factors and levels. 

 

 

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