01. 2297-7630-1-LE_Editorial.qxd:1953-6976-1-LE ABSTRACT This editorial introduces the 16th volume of the International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, which addresses different angles of district heating ranging from the planning of district heating systems and economic incentives for flexible district heating plants to comparisons between low and ultra-low-temperature district heating systems and methods for determining thermal conductivity in district heating pipes. 1. Introduction This editorial introduces the 16th volume of the International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management. This volume is a special issue from the 3rd International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and 4th Generation District Heating, held in Copenhagen, Denmark in September 2017. Papers from previous conferences have been published in three previous special issues in this journal [1–3] as well as in the Elsevier journal Energy [4]. The conference series International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and 4th Generation District Heating is organized as an annual joint effort between the 4DH Strategic Research Centre in collaboration with Aalborg University, Denmark, with venues alternating between Aalborg and Copenhagen. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management Vol. 16 2018 1 2. District heating and smart energy systems In this volume, Knies [5] explores the dichotomy between individual buildings and over-all energy systems development from a planning perspective. Based on spatial data and fuzzy logic, Knies develops suitability areas that may be used in the process of planning for instance district heating systems. Sneum & Sandberg [6] investigate economic incentives for flexible district hearting in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Using energyPRO simulations and energy market optimisation, they determined that cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) plants combined with electric boilers were preferable in the Norwegian, Swedish and Finish energy systems. In Denmark however, framework conditions are so that biomass boilers are preferable. * Corresponding author e-mail: poul@plan.aau.dk International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management Vol. 16 2018 01–02 Editorial — smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating systems Poul Alberg Østergaard*a, Henrik Lunda and Brian Vad Mathiesenb aDepartment of Planning, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark bDepartment of Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark Keywords: 4th Generation district heating; Spatial analyses; Economics of district heating; District heating pipes; URL: dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2018.16.1 2 International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management Vol. 16 2018 Editorial - smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating systems Best et al. [7] compare low-temperature (forward 70 °C – return 40 °C) and ultra-low-temperature district heating (forward 40°C – return 25 °C) for the specific case Zum Feldlager in Germany. With half the ΔT for ultra-low-temperature district heating than for low- temperature district heating, flows increase calling for twice the pumping power and slightly larger pipe dimensions. Investments costs change marginally and the added auxiliary energy demand is small compared to the reduced district heating pipe losses and the improved operation of heat pumps supplying district heating. Finally, Schuchardt et al. [8] investigate methods for determining the thermal conductivity of district heating pipes including both experimental work and numerical simulations of losses in their work. Acknowledgements The work presented in this volume of The International Journal on Sustainable Energy Planning and Management stems from the International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and 4th Generation District Heating. This conference is organised as an activity in the Strategic Research Centre for 4th Generation District Heating (4DH), which has received funding from Innovation Fund Denmark (0603-00498B). As editors of the journal and as organisers of the conference, we acknowledge and appreciate the contributions from the reviewers that have assisted in improving the articles to the standard they have today. References [1] Østergaard PA, Lund H. Smart district heating and electrification. Int J Sustain Energy Plan Manag 2017;12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2017.12.1. [2] Østergaard PA, Lund H. Editorial - Smart district heating and energy system analyses. Int J Sustain Energy Plan Manag 2017;13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2017.13.1. [3] Østergaard PA, Lund H, Mathiesen BV. Smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating. Int J Sustain Energy Plan Manag 2016;10:1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm. 2016.10.1. [4] Lund H, Duic N, Østergaard PA, Mathiesen BV. Smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating. Energy 2016;110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.105. [5] Knies J. A spatial approach for future-oriented heat planning in urban areas. Int J Sustain Energy Plan Manag 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2018.16.2. [6] Sneum DM, Sandberg E. Economic incentives for flexible district heating in the Nordic countries. Int J Sustain Energy Plan Manag 2018;16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm. 2018.16.3. [7] Best I, Orozaliev J, Vajen K. Economic comparison of low- temperature and ultra-low-temperature district heating for new building developments with low heat demand densities in Germany. Int J Sustain Energy Plan Manag 2018;16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2018.16.4. [8] Schuchardt GK, Kraft S, Narften M, Bagusche O. Development of an empirical method for determination of thermal conductivity and heat loss for pre-insulated plastic bonded twin pipe systems. Int J Sustain Energy Plan Manag 2018;16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2018.16.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2017.12.1 http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2017.13.1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.105 http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2018.16.2 http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm. 2018.16.3 http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2018.16.4 http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2018.16.5 http://dx.doi.org/10.5278/ijsepm.2016.10.1 << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /All /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Warning /CompatibilityLevel 1.4 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJDFFile false /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /DetectCurves 0.0000 /ColorConversionStrategy /LeaveColorUnchanged /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedOpenType false /ParseICCProfilesInComments true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams false /MaxSubsetPct 100 /Optimize true /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveDICMYKValues true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveFlatness true /PreserveHalftoneInfo false /PreserveOPIComments false /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts true /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile () /AlwaysEmbed [ true ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages true /ColorImageMinResolution 300 /ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False /Description << /CHS /CHT /DAN /DEU /ESP /FRA /ITA /JPN /KOR /NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken voor kwaliteitsafdrukken op desktopprinters en proofers. 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