Available online at http://ijcpe.uobaghdad.edu.iq and www.iasj.net Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Vol.21 No.4 (December 2020) 33 – 40 EISSN: 2618-0707, PISSN: 1997-4884 Corresponding Authors: Name: Noor Sabeeh Amory, Email: banenahmed1989@gmail.com , Name: Faleh H.M. Almahdawi, Email: fhmetr@yahoo.com IJCPE is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Experimental Investigation of Pomegranate Peel and Grape Seed Powder Additives on the Rheological and Filtration Properties of Un-Weighted WBM Noor Sabeeh Amory and Faleh H.M. Almahdawi University of Baghdad, engineering college petroleum department, Abstract The chemical additives used to enhance the properties of drilling mud cause damage to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternative additives to add them to the drilling mud. Thus, this study investigates the effects of pomegranate peel and grape seed powders as natural waste when added to un-weighted water-based mud. The test includes measurements of the rheological properties and filtration, as well as the alkanity and density of the drilling mud. The results showed a decrease in PH values with an increase in the concentrations of pomegranate peel or grapeseed, and a decrease in mud density with an increase in powders of pomegranate peel and grape seed concentrations that resulted from the formation of foam. The rheological properties appeared with increasing except for the plastic viscosity. Grape seed powders reduce the filter cake thickness required to solve drilling problems caused by an increase in the mud cake thickness. From the laboratory results, it's possible to use powders of pomegranate peel and grape seed as additives to reduce plastic viscosity and filtrate volume. Keywords: water-based mud, local material additives, powders of pomegranate peel and grape seed, rheological properties, filtration properties. Received on 27/01/2020, Accepted on 10/06/2020, published on 30/12/2020 https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.4.4 1- Introduction Drilling muds can be considered complex systems made up of multi phases like solid phase, a liquid phase, and also, contain a chemical phase [1]. The journey of the drilling fluid starts first from the pumping process at the surface to enter the well below the drill string then Out of the holes in the bit and through the annular space, it returns to the surface [2]. Drilling fluids have a lot of functions such as the cutting's removal from the hole and transport them up to the surface, To transfer hydraulic horsepower to the bit that drills the well, It's used for cooling and lubricating the bit and drill string, To present supporting and protecting for the hole walls, For exerting adequate hydrostatic pressure in the purpose of controlling fluids in the filtrated formations and Minimizing of the cuttings settling and weight substance in suspension while circulation is discontinued and For ensure getting maximum information around the penetration of the formations [3]. Drilling fluids are broadly classified into pneumatic (gases) or liquid. Relying on the continuous phase, Drilling fluids of liquid type are divided into water-based mud and oil-based mud [4]. Water-based mud is consists of water as the continuous phase, which can be fresh, salt, etc. Depended on the additives type utilized to improve its properties, water-based mud is moreover classified into non- inhibitive mud, inhibitive mud, and polymer muds [5].drilling fluids rheological properties include plastic & apparent viscosity, yield point, and gel strength, while the filtration properties of drilling muds include both of filtrate volume & filter cake thickness [6]. The high cost of chemicals and their harm to humans and the environment calls for moving to natural materials [7]. When drilling an oil well, different problems associated with drilling fluid properties will appear. As an example, a stuck pipe may be cut or stop the drilling progress for some time (weeks for example) [8]. This period had been named as non-productive time (NPT) which is the amount of time spent to free a stuck pipe [9]. The most encouraging to happen stuck pipe is when drilling the wells that need accurate noticing and high technology such as wells with high inclined, drain hole, multilateral, horizontal wells, etc. this problem can ranges in seriousness from small trouble to big complexity, that can have side effects, like drill string loss or in the worst case, a whole loss for the well [10]. Different estimates show that stuck pipe costs more than $250 million every year [11]. The drill string sticking is divided into two main types: differential and mechanical sticking. Differential sticking happens when the drilling fluid's hydrostatic pressure is higher than the permeable formation's pore pressure. http://ijcpe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/ http://www.iasj.net/ mailto:banenahmed1989@gmail.com mailto:fhmetr@yahoo.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.4.4 N. S. Amory and F. H.M. Almahdawi / Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21,4 (2020) 33 - 40 34 This overbalance compresses the drill string into the wellbore. This happens firstly while the drill string has been stationary or moving unhurriedly and becomes in contact together with a thick mud cake or with a permeable formation [12]. On the other hand, Mechanical sticking happens when: insufficient removal of the cutting that drilled exists, instability of the borehole is found, like hole caving, collapse, or sloughing, salt sections squeezing or plastic shale, and key seating [13]. This study focuses on the utilizing of eco-friendly materials (two local materials) to know their influence on the sticking problem. So, the main goals of the present research are to investigate the influence of pomegranate peel powder and Grape seed powder with various concentrations on the rheological and filtration properties of un-weighted WBM. 2- Experimental Work 2.1. The Materials The materials that were used to prepare un-weighted WBM were given by the Baghdad oil Training institute. These materials are: a. Bentonite The shape of bentonite is illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Bentonite b. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Fig.2. Illustrates the shape of sodium hydroxide. Fig. 2. Sodium hydroxide c. Pomegranate Peels Powder (PPP) The color of the material is light brown color, similar in its appearance to the dust, relatively lightweight. It blends quickly with drilling muds when it mixes with them but changes the color of the drilling muds to brown or light orange. The shape of PPP before and after grinding is shown below in Fig. 3 (a and b). The chemical and structural composition is shown in Fig.4. (a) (b) Fig. 3. (a. Pomegranate peel and b. pomegranate peel powder) Fig. 4. structural and chemical composition of pomegranate peels (14). N. S. Amory and F. H.M. Almahdawi / Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21,4 (2020) 33 - 40 35 d. Grape seeds powder (GSP) The Chemical composition of GS is includes: water (28- 40%), oil (10-25%), cellulose (28%), tannin (4-6%), nitrogenous (0, 8-1, 2%), mineral substances (2-4%), acids of fat and other components [15]. Grape seeds are found inside the fruit in varying numbers: two, four, more or less, depending on the type of grape. After grinding the seeds, the powder becomes a rough texture like granules with black or dark purple color, which need to mix them well with the drilling fluid. The shape of GSP before and after grinding is shown below in Fig. 5 (a and b). (a) (b) Fig. 5. (a. grape seeds and b. grape seed powder) Table 1. Caustic Soda Specifications [16] Chemical Name Sodium Hydroxide Chemical Formula NaOH Colour White Boiling Point ( o C) 1390 Melting Point ( o C) 318 Solubility (water) Soluble with the evolution of heat Specific Gravity 2.13 Bulk Density (g/ml) 1.175 2.2. Equipment The devices used in this research include secondary ones like a blender to mix the solution, electronic balance to weigh the materials, and grinder to grin the local materials. The primary devices include mud balance to measure the drilling muds density, the rotational viscometer to measure the rheological properties, and the API filter press to measure the filtration properties. 2.3. Preparation Procedure The materials utilized to prepare drilling mud and their concentrations were explained in Table 2. The first step in the preparation is to clean the local materials well and dried them for some time, then grind the dried materials more than once to obtain good powder free of big pieces and sieve them also to disposal of large blocks if found, This will facilitate the mixing process with drilling mud. By utilizing electronic balance, the materials have been measured. Also, water was measured by measuring cylinders. After the measuring process, water, bentonite, and chemical additives were mixed inside the Hamilton Beach mixer for 20 minutes. After 22 hours, the local materials were added in different concentrations (0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 gm.) and mixed for about 15 minutes. The mixtures were ready for testing different properties (rheology, filtration, density, PH, and gel strength). Table 2. compositions of drilling mud samples Materials and additives /350ml Quantity of additives Water(ml) 350 Bentonite(gm) 30 NaOH(gm) 0.4 Pomegranate peel powders(gm) 0.5,1,3,5,7 Grape seed powders(gm) 0.5,1,3,5,7 2.4. Rheological Properties Calculation Rheological properties contain: 1- Plastic viscosity (PV) in cp that can be calculated from equation (1) PV=Ɵ600-Ɵ300 (1) 2- Yield point (YP) in lb/100ft 2 can be calculated by equation (2) YP=Ɵ300-PV (2) 3- Apparent viscosity (AV) in cp which can be calculated by equation (3) AV=Ɵ600/2 (3) N. S. Amory and F. H.M. Almahdawi / Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21,4 (2020) 33 - 40 36 3- Results and Discussion 3.1. Drilling Muds Rheological Properties Un-weighted WBM has been prepared to contain: the basic composition (the known additives) and local material (powders of pomegranate peel & grape seed). To study the nature of these local materials on the behaving of drilling mud, the rheological properties had been measured as shown in Table 3 and Table 4, Fig. 6 to Fig. 10. Table 3. Properties of un-weighted WBM with pomegranate peel powders properties Concentrations of PPP(gm.) 0 0.5 1 3 5 7 Density(ppg) 8.67 8.3 8.25 8.15 8.1 8 AV(cp) 10 15.25 17 24.5 30 33. 5 YP(lb/100𝐟𝟐) 14 11.5 21 35 44 55 PV(cp) 8 9.5 6.5 7 8 6 PH 11.3 11 10.5 10 9 8.5 Gel strength (lb/100𝐟𝟐) 10 sec 9.7 3 7.5 26 28 35 Table 4. properties of un-weighted WBM with grape seed powders properties Concentrations of GSP(gm.) 0.5 1 3 5 7 Density(ppg) 8.35 8.25 8.1 8 7.95 AV(cp) 15.5 19 22.5 29 29 YP(lb/100𝐟𝟐) 11 20 34 48 50 PV(cp) 10 9 5.5 5 4 PH 11 10 9.5 9 9 Gel strength (lb/100𝐟𝟐) 10sec 5.7 10.5 12 12.3 14 Fig. 6. Plastic viscosities of local materials versus their concentrations of un-weighted WBM Fig. 7. Apparent viscosity of local materials versus their concentrations of un-weighted WBM Fig. 8. yield point of local materials versus their concentrations of un-weighted WBM Fig. 9. The alkalinity of local materials versus their concentrations of un-weighted WBM Fig. 10. Densities of local materials versus their concentrations of un-weighted WBM N. S. Amory and F. H.M. Almahdawi / Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21,4 (2020) 33 - 40 37 3.2. Filtration Properties of Drilling Muds Contain Various Concentrations of Local Materials: Filtration properties in terms of filtrate volume and mud cake thickness had been tested for Un-weighted WBM with additives of powders of pomegranate peel and grape seed as shown in Table 5. Table 5. filtration properties of un-weighted WBM with local material additives properties Concentrations of PPP(gm.) 0 0.5 1 3 5 7 V2(ml) 2.5 4.2 3.9 3.5 2.5 2 V4(ml) 4 5.5 5 4.8 4 4 V6(ml) 5.5 6.7 6.02 5.8 4.8 4.9 V7.5(ml) 6 7.2 6.55 6 5.1 5.1 V30(ml) 12 14.4 13.1 12 10.2 10.5 Mud cake thickness(mm) 0.65 1 1 1 1 1 properties Concentrations of GSP(gm.) 0 0.5 1 3 5 7 V2(ml) 2.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 V4(ml) 4 5 4.9 5.5 5.2 5 V6(ml) 5.5 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.8 V7.5(ml) 6 6.8 7.1 7 6.8 6.4 V30(ml) 12 14.2 14.2 14 13.6 12.8 Mud cake thickness(mm) 0.65 1 1 0.55 0.52 0.52 Fig. 11. Filtrate volume of different concentrations of pomegranate peel powders versus time of un-weighted WBM Fig. 12. Filtrate volume of different concentrations of grape seed powders versus time of un-weighted WBM Fig. 13. Filtrate volume of local material additives versus their concentrations of un-weighted WBM Fig. 14. The thickness of the mud cake of local material additives at different concentrations of un-weighted WBM After adding the local materials (PPP & GSP) to un- weighted WBM, the results as shown in tables and figures above presented that, adding PPP made the Plastic viscosity smoothly decreased from a concentration of 0.5 gm. to a concentration of 1 gm. with a rate of (3 cp) and PV increased in (3 & 5 gm.) and return to decrease in (7 gm.) concentration to (6 cp) which was the lowest value among the concentrations. When adding GSP with 3 gm concentration, PV, AV, and YP were 5.5 cp, 22.5 cp, and 34 lb/100ft 2 respectively. GSP additives were increased in AV and YP and were decreased in PV, density, and PH. The decrease in density yielded from the formation of the foam which occupied volume and made decreasing in the density from 8.34 ppg to 7.95 ppg. Also, from the above figures and tables, adding PPP to un-weighted WBM appeared good behavior in terms of filtration properties. For example, when comparing the filtrate volume at 2 minutes with different concentrations, the results appeared improvement in the filtrate loss which is decreases from 4.2 ml at 0.5 gm. to 2 ml at 7 gm. N. S. Amory and F. H.M. Almahdawi / Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21,4 (2020) 33 - 40 38 Also, GSP showed improvement in the filtrate volume but less effective when compared with PPP. The concentration of (7 gm.) was the best among the rest concentrations which gave filtrate volume equal to 12.8 ml. To compare the results with the previous researches [17] Experimented with new additives to prevent or decrease differential sticking by using Nanoparticles of black carbon with drilling mud to change mud properties. The experiment gave that Added black carbon with 30nm initial size of particles has shown improvement in decrease cake thickness, The viscosity decreases and dropped further when the temperature increases, reduced yield point at adding black carbon, and also the reduction rate increases with increasing temperature and black carbon proven its activity to enhance mud properties to decrease pipe sticking. Also, (10) investigated the influence of bentonite which is a chemical name called partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, lubricant, and Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on the differential sticking that caused by fluid in the water-based mud. The results show As bentonite clay percentage rise, the torque needed to set free pipe sticking also rise, When CMC was adding to the bentonite clay with the proportion of 5%, the torque needed to set free pipe sticking lowing as well as when CMC portions rise, Using 5% of lubricant made the torque required to set free of pipe sticking low and became lower as the adding increase and for obtaining the perfect solution, it should use both CMC and lubricant additives to control the happening of differential pipe sticking. 4- Conclusions Pomegranate peel and grape seed powders showed a decrease in the PH values for all concentrations, which deduce the possibility of using these substances to reduce the high pH of the drilling muds. The use of grape seed powders gives the same impression in changing the rheological properties as in the use of pomegranate peel powders, which resulted in reduced plastic viscosity which reflects the presence of low solid concentration or small internal resistance to flow and an increase in both apparent viscosity and yield point as a result of increasing the attractive forces. The mud density decreased for all samples after adding different concentrations of pomegranate peel and grape seed due to the formation of foam, which indicates the need for anti-foaming materials. With increasing concentrations, grape seed powders have succeeded in reducing the thickness of the mud cake and hence the possibility of using these local materials to decrease pipe sticking problems. Abbreviations WBM: Water-based mud. PPP: Pomegranate peel powder. GSP: Grape seed powder. AV: Apparent viscosity (cp). PV: Plastic viscosity (cp). YP: Yield point (lb/100ft 2 ). V2: Filtrate volume at 2 min, ml, V4: Filtrate volume at 4 min, ml. V6: Filtrate volume at 6 min, ml. V7.5: Filtrate volume at 7.5 min, ml. V30: Filtrate volume at 30 min, ml. Ɵ600: The dial readings at 600rpm. References [1] Faleh H. M. Al-Mahdawi and Karrar Saad." Enhancement of Drilling Fluid Properties Using Nanoparticles". Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Vol.19, ISSN: 1997-4884, PP.21-26, June 2018. [2] Zakaria. M.F. "Nanoparticle-based Drilling Fluids with Improved Characteristics". M.sc thesis. UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, ALBERTA, 2013. [3] Norton. J. IADC Drilling Manual. Houston. International Association of Drilling Contractors, 2000, PP.04-034. [4] Elemama. A.E, Hussein. R.A.M, Ibrahim. A.A.I &Mohamed S.A." An improving Rheological Properties and Filter Loss of Water-Base Drilling Fluids Using Carboxy methyle Cellulose (CMC)". Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, Vol.IV, PP.55-65, May 2014. [5] Dhiman. P." experimental investigation of the influence of various nanoparticles on water-based mud, "M.sc thesis. University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016. [6] Hughes. B. Drilling engineering workbook. Houston. INTEQ,1995,pp.20-53 [7] Talukdar . P, Kalita .S, Pandey .A, Dutta .U& Singh .R." Effectiveness of different Starches as Drilling Fluid Additives in Non Damaging Drilling Fluid". International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 13, PP. 12469- 12474, Number 16, 2018. [8] Ryen C, CH Henry, and R. Gray George. Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids. Gulf professional publishing, 2011. [9] N. Said Amina and A. A.Alhaleemb, “Analysis of Stuck Pipe Incidents in Khabaz Field”, ijcpe, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 47-53, Dec. 2018. [10] Mahto . V, Chaudhary . P.K, and Sharma. V.P." Study the Effect of Additives on the Differential Pipe Sticking Caused by Water Based Drilling Fluid". International Conference on Oil, Gas and Petrochemical, PP.71-73, August 2012. http://ijcpe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/ijcpe/article/view/162 http://ijcpe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/ijcpe/article/view/162 http://ijcpe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/ijcpe/article/view/162 http://ijcpe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/ijcpe/article/view/162 http://ijcpe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/ijcpe/article/view/162 https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/11023/977 https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/11023/977 https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/11023/977 https://www.sustech.edu/ https://www.sustech.edu/ https://www.sustech.edu/ https://www.sustech.edu/ https://www.sustech.edu/ https://www.sustech.edu/ https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n16_08.pdf https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n16_08.pdf https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n16_08.pdf https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n16_08.pdf https://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n16_08.pdf https://books.google.iq/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ohZanicqpmYC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Composition+and+Properties+of+Drilling+and+Completion+Fluids.+&ots=Ecsy3mikAX&sig=pxtrOs2tQJhVP2a-4giXiZQmIuE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Composition%20and%20Properties%20of%20Drilling%20and%20Completion%20Fluids.&f=false https://books.google.iq/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ohZanicqpmYC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Composition+and+Properties+of+Drilling+and+Completion+Fluids.+&ots=Ecsy3mikAX&sig=pxtrOs2tQJhVP2a-4giXiZQmIuE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Composition%20and%20Properties%20of%20Drilling%20and%20Completion%20Fluids.&f=false https://books.google.iq/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ohZanicqpmYC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Composition+and+Properties+of+Drilling+and+Completion+Fluids.+&ots=Ecsy3mikAX&sig=pxtrOs2tQJhVP2a-4giXiZQmIuE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Composition%20and%20Properties%20of%20Drilling%20and%20Completion%20Fluids.&f=false https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2018.4.6 https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2018.4.6 https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2018.4.6 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Study-the-Effect-of-Additives-on-the-Differential-Mahto-Chaudhary/107710f1135dc6cabe55250b13188c0279efa1a9?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Study-the-Effect-of-Additives-on-the-Differential-Mahto-Chaudhary/107710f1135dc6cabe55250b13188c0279efa1a9?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Study-the-Effect-of-Additives-on-the-Differential-Mahto-Chaudhary/107710f1135dc6cabe55250b13188c0279efa1a9?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Study-the-Effect-of-Additives-on-the-Differential-Mahto-Chaudhary/107710f1135dc6cabe55250b13188c0279efa1a9?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Study-the-Effect-of-Additives-on-the-Differential-Mahto-Chaudhary/107710f1135dc6cabe55250b13188c0279efa1a9?p2df N. S. Amory and F. H.M. Almahdawi / Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21,4 (2020) 33 - 40 39 [11] Shadizadeh . S.R, Karimi. F, Zoveidavianpoor. M."Drilling Stuck Pipe Prediction in Iranian Oil Fields: An Artificial Neural Network Approach". Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 7, pp.29-41, 2010. [12] Fred S. Keny and Patrick O. Oyugi." Improving the Accuracy of Mechanical Back off in Stuck Pipe Situation during Drilling: Case Study, MW24, and Menengai Geothermal Project". Proceedings of the 7th African Rift Geothermal Conference, 2018, pp.1-9. [13] M. khaghani. "Pipe Sticking: Differential pressure and mechanical Pipe Sticking". International Association of directional drilling, pp.1-4, 2016. [14] Spilmont .M, Léotoing . L, Davicco .M.J, Lebecque .P, Noirault .E.M, Pilet .P, Rios .L, Wittrant .Y and Coxam .V." Pomegranate Peel Extract Prevents Bone Loss in a Preclinical Model of Osteoporosis and Stimulates Osteoblastic Differentiation in Vitro." Nutrients journal. doi:10.3390/nu7115465,pp.9266- 9284,2015. [15] Mironeasa.S, Leahua .A, Codinăa .G.G, Stroea .S.G& Mironeasa .C." Grape Seed: physico-chemical, structural characteristics and oil content". Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies.Vol.16, pp.1-6, 2010. [16] SODA, Caustic Soda Prills (Pearl), and Caustic Soda Solid (Fused) Product Specifications, retrieved from, https://causticprills.com/products/specifications/. [17] Paiaman. A.M & Al-Anazi. B.D. "using nanoparticles to decrease differential pipe sticking and its feasibility in Iranian oil fields."Journal of Oil and Gas Business. [On- line], pp.1-6, 2008. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mansoor_Zoveidavianpoor/publication/229040683_Drilling_Stuck_Pipe_Prediction_in_Iranian_Oil_Fields_An_Artificial_Neural_Network_Approach/links/09e4150df1295c62d5000000/Drilling-Stuck-Pipe-Prediction-in-Iranian-Oil-Fields-An-Artificial-Neural-Network-Approach.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mansoor_Zoveidavianpoor/publication/229040683_Drilling_Stuck_Pipe_Prediction_in_Iranian_Oil_Fields_An_Artificial_Neural_Network_Approach/links/09e4150df1295c62d5000000/Drilling-Stuck-Pipe-Prediction-in-Iranian-Oil-Fields-An-Artificial-Neural-Network-Approach.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mansoor_Zoveidavianpoor/publication/229040683_Drilling_Stuck_Pipe_Prediction_in_Iranian_Oil_Fields_An_Artificial_Neural_Network_Approach/links/09e4150df1295c62d5000000/Drilling-Stuck-Pipe-Prediction-in-Iranian-Oil-Fields-An-Artificial-Neural-Network-Approach.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mansoor_Zoveidavianpoor/publication/229040683_Drilling_Stuck_Pipe_Prediction_in_Iranian_Oil_Fields_An_Artificial_Neural_Network_Approach/links/09e4150df1295c62d5000000/Drilling-Stuck-Pipe-Prediction-in-Iranian-Oil-Fields-An-Artificial-Neural-Network-Approach.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mansoor_Zoveidavianpoor/publication/229040683_Drilling_Stuck_Pipe_Prediction_in_Iranian_Oil_Fields_An_Artificial_Neural_Network_Approach/links/09e4150df1295c62d5000000/Drilling-Stuck-Pipe-Prediction-in-Iranian-Oil-Fields-An-Artificial-Neural-Network-Approach.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/11/5465 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/11/5465 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/11/5465 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/11/5465 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/11/5465 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/11/5465 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/11/5465 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Grape-Seed%3A-physico-chemical%2C-structural-and-oil-Mironeasa-Leahu/d39564a76a87535e547aa513f841772eed3351a3?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Grape-Seed%3A-physico-chemical%2C-structural-and-oil-Mironeasa-Leahu/d39564a76a87535e547aa513f841772eed3351a3?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Grape-Seed%3A-physico-chemical%2C-structural-and-oil-Mironeasa-Leahu/d39564a76a87535e547aa513f841772eed3351a3?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Grape-Seed%3A-physico-chemical%2C-structural-and-oil-Mironeasa-Leahu/d39564a76a87535e547aa513f841772eed3351a3?p2df https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Grape-Seed%3A-physico-chemical%2C-structural-and-oil-Mironeasa-Leahu/d39564a76a87535e547aa513f841772eed3351a3?p2df https://causticprills.com/products/specifications/ http://ogbus.ru/article/view/using-nanoparticles-to-decrease-differential-pipe-sticking-and-its-feasibility-in-iranian-oil-fields http://ogbus.ru/article/view/using-nanoparticles-to-decrease-differential-pipe-sticking-and-its-feasibility-in-iranian-oil-fields http://ogbus.ru/article/view/using-nanoparticles-to-decrease-differential-pipe-sticking-and-its-feasibility-in-iranian-oil-fields http://ogbus.ru/article/view/using-nanoparticles-to-decrease-differential-pipe-sticking-and-its-feasibility-in-iranian-oil-fields N. S. Amory and F. H.M. Almahdawi / Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21,4 (2020) 33 - 40 40 الريولوجية الخواص على العنب وبذور الرمان مساحيق قشر الضافات تجريبية دراسة لطين ذو القاعدة المائي غير المثقل والترشيح و نور صبيح اموري المهداوي فالح حسن جامعة بغداد,كلية الهندسة,قسم النفط الخالصة االضافات الكيمائية المستخدمة لتحسين خواص طين الحفر سببت خطر على االنسان والبيئة. لذلك من الضروري البحث عن اضافات بديلة الضافتهم الى طين الحفر. لذلك هذه الدراسة تبحث عن تاثير مساحيق ير المثقل . الفحص قشور الرمان وبذور العنب كمخلفات طبيعية عند اضافتهم الى طين المائي القاعدة غ يتضمن قياسات الخواص الريولوجية والترشيح كذلك فحص القاعدية والكثافة لطين الحفر.النتائج اظهرت نقصان مساحيق قشور في القاعدية مع زيادة التركيز لقشور الرمان اوبذور العنب , ونقصان في الكثافة مع زيادة تراكيز الرغوة. الخواص الريولوجية اظهرت زيادة عدا اللزوجة البالستيكية . وهذا ناتج من تكون الرمان وبذور العنب مسحوق بذور العنب قلل سمك كعكة الطين المطلوبة لحل مشاكل الحفر الناتجة من زيادة سمك كعكة الطين.من ستيكية كاضافات لتقيل اللزوجة البالمساحيق قشور الرمان وبذور العنب النتائج المختبرية , من الممكن استخدام .و حجم الترشيح الكلمات الدالة: طين ذو قاعدة مائية,اضافات مواد محلية, مساحيق من قشور الرمان وبذور العنب,الخواص الريولوجية,خواص الترشيح