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JOURNAL OF ENGLISH EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY 

Vol. 01 No. 02, June 2020, pp. 92-98 

Available online at:  

http://jeet.fkdp.or.id/index.php/jeet/issue/current 

ISSN: 2721-3811 (media online) 

 

Increasing Students' Ability on Maintaining the  School Cleaning 
Environment Through Morning-Based Activities of Modelling Technique for 

Retarded Students 

Youlanda Agustin 1, Armaini2 

Universitas Negeri Padang 

Youlandaagustin.ya@gmail.com1 

armaininurajali@fip.unp.ac.id2   

 

Abstract 
This study aims to determine the ability of children to maintain the cleanliness of the school environment in 
the sweeping aspect of middle-aged children in Perwari Padang Special School. This research is to find out 
whether training based modelling technique is effective in improving children’s ability to maintain the 
cleanliness of the school environment in middle-aged children. The type of research method used by SSR is 
using A-B-A design. The test used is an action test; the researcher instructs the child to imitate and practice. 
After analyzing baseline acquisition data (A1) the ability of the child is still low, the in condition (B) the child 
is given treatment in this condition the child’s ability to maintain environmental hygiene significantly 
increases. At baseline (A2) observations were made after treatment was given through an exercise-based 
modelling technique, the child’s ability was good. From these result, exercise-based modelling techniques can 
improve children’s ability to maintain the cleanliness of the school environment in sweeping aspects 

Key Words: Modelling Technique, Cleaning Environment, Moderate Mental Retardation 

 

http://jeet.fkdp.or.id/index.php/jeet/issue/current
http://u.lipi.go.id/1580741566
mailto:Youlandaagustin.ya@gmail.com1
mailto:armaininurajali@fip.unp.ac.id


93 
 

I. INTRODUCTION 

Cleanliness is essential both personal 
hygiene and environmental sanitation, and it 
is supported by an Islamic proverb which 

states that "cleanliness is part of faith". The 

purpose is that Islam strongly e retardation 
encourages humanity to maintain its purity, 
both in self-preservation, the environment, 
mind and heart of all dirty things. That is 
where things are under QS. At- Taubah: 108, 

which means "and surely Allah likes clean ones ". 

Therefore from that, It would be good 
hygiene was taught as early as possible to the 
child's routine and mental disabilities 
children. 

Children with special needs are children 
who experience obstacles in terms of vision, 
hearing, intelligence, physical motor, 
behaviour, social and emotions as well as in 
terms of development. One of the types of 
children with disabilities is explicit that 
mentally disabled child also knows children 
who have a level of intelligence in the below-
average which. There are three types of child 
mental retardation, which include mental 
retardation mild, moderate retardation, and 
weight retardation. 

Children's mental retardation was 
having the ability intellectual is lower than in 
children light retardation.   Children's 
mental retardation was also included in the 
children were classified into retardation, 
mental. Children who are involved in 
insanity, the mental has an IQ of 
approximately 35-55. This child can still do 
work or chores help yourself own, with 
guidance from others (Panjaitan & 
Irdamurni, 2013).  

Education is the thing that is mandatory 
for citizens of the State of Indonesia (Aziz & 
Dewi, 2019b), as citizens of a country that 
has the rights and obligations of the same, 
the child needs special also have the right to 
the same in education such as the 
withdrawal of children public more. 
Education is also a thing that is important 
where education is the way to develop 

sources of the power of man (Aziz & Dewi, 
2019a), without any training we are not 
going to know will be the development of 
science knowledge then of the government 
requires that 9 -year study. 

The development itself is a program that 
works in the service specific to the child can 
get the construction of the everyday. In-Law 
No. 20 the year 2003 about systematic 
education nationwide, have made efforts to 
strategic and integral to the implementation 
of training. Opportunity in acquiring 
knowledge that quality applies to all circles 
without any discrimination. Due to the level 
of ability of the intellectual child, mental 
retardation has a range of low. Of the 
education program development of self is 
very important for the development 
potential of children retarded being. Which 
is the mentally disabled child is being given 
coaching or training so that children can 
carry out daily activities without relying on 
the help of others (Kustawan & Yanti, 2014). 

In a study of preliminary that 
researchers do in March 2019, when the 
school was carrying out activities of 
cooperation, the researchers observed the 
class VI SDLB retarded being. Researchers 
pay attention to a child who has not been 
able to maintain the cleanliness of the 
surrounding environment, where the child 
has not been able to sweep aspects, To wash 
dishes and to mop with a good and right. In 
the aspect sweep, children have not been 
able to rake to clean, when children swept a 
lot of rubbish that is left behind, the child 
also only focuses sweep a straight course, in 
addition to the child does not see the garbage 
that exists at the bottom table and bench 
bottom. 

Based on interviews with the parents, 
the child is already capable of maintaining 
the cleanliness such as combing hair himself, 
wearing a shirt alone, wearing the shoes 
himself, wearing the powder itself, take the 
food itself and cleanse his menstrual cycle. 
Will but the child is not able to maintain the 



94 
 

cleanliness of the environment at home, 
where the child has not been able to wash the 
dishes themselves, wash clothes themselves, 
sweep and clean the room. 

Kids are not allowed by the parents to 
wash the dishes, because the parents fear 
children will break the plate. In the aspect of 
washing clothes, in here, the child has not 
been able to wash clothes that big would be, 
but a child has been able to wash garments 
inside themselves. In sweeping children only 
do occasionally at home, where when the 
sweep is still a lot of junk and dust was left 
behind because the child focuses sweep fore 
only and do not see the area around it, the 
child has not been able to rake in a place that 
a lot of stuff. In the aspect of cleaning the 
bedroom, the child is still sleeping both his 
parents, so it was his mother who cleans the 
room to sleep. 

As were we all know, the cleanliness of 
the environment is an aspect that is very 
important in life every day. The situation that 
is clean starts from the net state of the house 
and yard, because of the cleanliness of the 
house and yard will make us more 
accustomed to clean up the environment 
more. Home environment also an 
environment that is very close to us, which is 
where most of the great activities that we do 
are the activities at home, starting from 
waking to sleep again. So from that, we need 
to pay attention to the condition of the house 
from as early as possible (Aprilia & 
Amrullah, 2017). Then make sure we are 
always sweeping the house two times a day. 
With diligent, use in cleaning the 
environment will make us be spared from 
disease and make life becomes more 
comfortable. 

In addition to cleanliness at home, 
cleanliness outside the home must also be 
considered, such as sweeping the yard, 
storing trash cans around the house, and 
throwing garbage in the trash. At school we 
also need to pay attention to environmental 
cleanliness, because of school is a means of 

learning, which is so that learning becomes 
more comfortable and more concentrated 
then we must maintain a clean environment 
at school. 

So from that, we have to get used to 
preserve the environment around from as 
early as possible. For the formation of the 
attitude of discipline would be the 
cleanliness of the environment around, it 
begins from the smallest up first, like 
throwing trash in its place, washing dishes, 
sweeping, mopping floors, and so on. 

Seeing the problem of children who have 
not been able to maintain the cleanliness of 
the environment around it, namely the aspect 
sweep children have not been able to rake to 
clean and correct. It needs behaviour 
modification is required to be able to 
improve the ability to develop themselves in 
terms of environmental cleanliness. The 
school environment is environmental second 
after the home of the closest to us because the 
school is a place where we learn to be the 
case. For activities to learn to be comfortable, 
should we as students can maintain the 
cleanliness of the environment in the school 
by way of cleaning the classroom with the 
routine—one of the techniques which can be 
used a training -based modelling technique. 

Mechanical modelling is learning that is 
done by imitating others, while exercise is a 
way of teaching that is good to instil habits 
of specific is repeated (Sagala & 
Pembelajaran, 2009). Then on the techniques 
of modelling -based exercises are activities in 
which researchers give an example and 
children do be repeated. 

Based on the results of the assessment 
conducted by researchers on 2, 9, and 23 
March 2019, it was found that children have 
not been able to maintain environmental 
cleanliness, including sweep properly and 
correctly, the results of the assessment 
showed the child was only able to sweep 
straight ahead and the room without 
obstacles, children, are not able to sweep in a 
place that has furniture, such as under the 



95 
 

bench and under the table, besides they also 
do not see the back of the door when 
sweeping, causing dust to gather around the 
back of the door. Based on the problems that 
the researcher wants to do a study with the 
title "Improving Ability Maintain 
Cleanliness Environmental School through 
Mechanical Modeling Based Training for 
Moderate Mental Retardation Children".   

II. METHOD 
This research method uses Single 

Subject Research (SSR) to find out how 
much influence from a treatment given to 
subjects that are done repeatedly using a 
specific time, then this study uses A-B-A 
design. A-B-A design has the advantages that 
the strengthening of the evidence that 
treatment ( treatment) were given to the 
target is indeed causing impact changes that 
much better . Design phase of the baseline 
will be repeated as many as two times. ABA 
design is the development of AB design. In 
the model, A-B-A will show the relationship 
because due to variable X and variable Y 
(Sunanto, Takeuchi, & Nakata, 2006). 

The main procedures of ABA design can 
be described as follows : 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Meeting 

Chart 1. Basic Design of   A-BA 

Based on the picture, the first baseline 
(A1) is the ability to maintain the cleanliness 
of the school environment in the sweeping 
aspect before being given 
intervention/intervention (B), which 
provides treatment using exercise-based 
modelling techniques, then continues to the 
second baseline (A2), namely seeing the 
ability of children in maintaining the 

cleanliness of the school environment in the 
sweeping aspect after not using exercise-
based modelling techniques. 

The technique of collecting data uses an 
ACT. The action test is to see the child's 
ability to maintain the cleanliness of the 
school environment in sweeping aspects. 
Then the results of research in the input into 
the format of a percentage. Data collection 
tools use the percentage data collection 
format. Collection tool the data using the 
composition of the test form of checklists. 
The collection format is a research 
instrument in both baseline and intervention 
conditions. Tools measure that is used is the 
percentage that can indicate the number of 
the occurrence of a behaviour or event 
compared with the overall possibility of the 
existence of an action or activity is 
multiplied by 100% 

III. Students ability percentage = 
𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑘

𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑛𝑦𝑎
 × 100 % 

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 
Results 

Based on the results of the study, there 
are three stages carried out in this study, 
namely in the first stage of observation in the 
initial condition of the child before being 
treated in maintaining the cleanliness of the 
school environment in the sweeping aspect 
called the baseline (A1). In the second stage, 
treatment is given to the target behaviour 
that is called intervention (B) using exercise-
based modelling techniques. Then on stage 
three, the researcher does the observation of 
the child in maintaining the cleanliness of the 
environment in the aspect sweep after it 
provides a treatment that is called the 
baseline (A2). This research was conducted 
as much 16 times observation, from the date 
of November 13 to December 7 2019. 

On condition baseline A1 percentages 
were obtained was 30%, 30%, 30%, 30%, on 
the condition of the data that is not any 
improvement, then it should be given 



96 
 

treatment. The condition of intervention B 
shows a sharp increase in the ability of 
children after being given an intervention. 
Percentage who acquired the 40%, 60%, 
70%, 70%, 80%, 80%, 80%. It appears that 
the percentage of children's abilities 
increased from the beginning of the 
intervention by 40% then increased to 80% 
at the end of the intervention. The last 
condition (A2), wherein this condition the 
child's ability is stable with the acquisition of 
the percentage of abilities from start to 
finish, i.e. 80%, 80%, 80%, 80%. 

 

Graph 1. Baseline Percentage Chart (A1), 
Intervention (B), and Baseline (A2) 

From the elaboration of the above table, 
it can be concluded at the time of condition 
(A1) at the initial states in maintaining the 
cleanliness of the school environment when 
the child has not been given treatment. 
Observations and records made in this 
condition that is when children do activities 
at school, children are instructed to sweep 

the class without the help of researchers. 
Representations were made four times with 
the first results up to four to get 30% of the 
ten items made by children. On the fourth 
day, the researcher stopped the observation 
because the data obtained showed stability 
of the number of things the child was doing. 
The remarks made by researchers at the 
baseline (A1) showed that children were still 
having problems with the ability to maintain 
the cleanliness of the school environment in 
the sweeping aspect. 

Then in the intervention condition (B), 
the child will be given treatment using an 
exercise-based modelling technique. 
Observation and recording the ability of 
children to maintain the cleanliness of the 
environment in the aspects of the sweep 
using the methods of modelling-based 
exercise, which researchers pointed out 
procedures how to sweep the good and right 
then imitated by children, and the children 
repeat the material that is delivered, 
researchers. Observations on condition this 
is done for eight times, the representation 
first gets 40%, views both gained 60%, then 
the observation third up to five children get 
70%, and illustrations to six to eight children 
get 80%. Researchers stopped observing on 
the eighth day because the data obtained 
were already stable, and the children's ability 
to maintain environmental cleanliness in the 
sweeping aspect had increased. 

Furthermore, the condition of the 
baseline (A2) is the condition in which 
conducted the observations of the ability of 
children to maintain the cleanliness of the 
environment of the school in aspects of 
sweeping given intervention or treatment. In 
this condition, it can be seen that the ability 
of children to maintain the cleanliness of the 
school environment begins to increase. 
Observation on conditions This is done for 
four times with the result that the first day 
until the fourth day of view is obtained 80% 
of the number of items that children do in the 
ability to maintain the cleanliness of the 
school environment in sweeping aspects. 

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5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

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97 
 

Judging from the results of these 
observations, it appears that the ability of 
children to preserve the purity of the school 
environment in the whole issue is well 
developed and stable. 

       Based on the graph above, it is 
presented that the child's ability to maintain 
the cleanliness of the school environment at 
the baseline (A1) results of the highest data 
of 30%. Then in the intervention condition, 
(B) the highest percentage of children's 
abilities is 80% by providing treatment-
based modelling techniques. At baseline 
(A2), the portion of children's skills in 
maintaining a clean school environment 
begins to develop correctly. This can show 
that almost all indicators given by children 
can do it. 

Discussion 

This study discusses the effectiveness of 
training-based modelling techniques to 
improve the ability to maintain the 
cleanliness of the school environment in 
sweeping aspects of mentally disabled 
children at SLB Perwari Padang. Problems 
for intellectually disabled students, 
including difficulties in daily life such as in 
self-development activities (Kustawan & 
Lisnawati, 2014). Based on the results of 
research conducted during 16 meetings held 
in three conditions, namely baseline (A1) 
four sessions before given treatment 
(intervention), then intervention (B) eight 
meetings and baseline (A2) four meetings 
after no intervention is provided. 
Researchers collected data by giving an 
action test using a training-based modelling 
technique to mentally disabled children. 
Exercise-based modelling techniques can 
assist children in self-development in the 
sweeping aspect in which the researcher 
exemplifies proper and correct 
comprehensive procedures. The child mimics 
it, and the child repeats what the researcher 
repeatedly did. So that it can be seen the 
child's ability to maintain environmental 
hygiene is increased or not. The results of 

data analysis prove that the effect of training-
based modelling technique interventions can 
improve the ability to maintain the 
cleanliness of the school environment of 
mentally disabled children. This shows that 
the A-B-A design has a causal relationship 
between the dependent variable and the 
independent variable (Sunanto et al., 2005) 

On condition baseline (A1) before the 
given intervention (B) were conducted 
during four times to get the result of the 
ability to maintain the cleanliness of the 
environment of the school to the children 
experienced the rise and stable. Then in the 
intervention condition using training -based 
modelling techniques, the intervention of 
each observation continues to increase, and 
three last getting the results were stable. 
Furthermore, in baseline observations (A2) 
after no treatment was given the results of 
observations showed an increase and a 
stable. 

Activity is aimed to assist children in 
improving the ability to maintain the 
cleanliness of the environment of the school 
in the aspect sweep. The results of research 
that have been carried out are proven that 
training -based modelling techniques are 
useful for improving the ability to maintain 
the cleanliness of the school environment in 
sweeping aspects. 

So from the results of the research have 
proven that the technique of modelling -
based exercises effective in improving the 
ability to maintain the cleanliness of the 
environment of the school in the aspect 
sweep for mentally disabled children was in 
SLB Perwari Padang 

Conclusion 

Based on research that has been done at 
SLB Perwari Padang, it is proven that the use 
of training-based modelling techniques is 
sufficient to improve children's ability to 
maintain the cleanliness of the school 
environment in terms of sweeping for 
mentally disabled children. Research carried 



98 
 

out by repeatedly told the child as much as 16 
times the meeting. Conditions baseline (A1) 
to do as much as four times, and intervention 
(B) as much as eight times and conditions 
baseline (A2) as much as four times. 

From the results of the study were 
conducted in SLB Perwari Padang prove that 
the technique of modelling -based exercise 
can improve the cleanliness of the 
environment of the school in the aspect 
sweep for retarded children. Research 
conducted as many as 16 times. Which is the 
baseline condition (A1) done four times, then 
the intervention (B) 8 times, and the 
condition baseline (A2) 4 times. In this 
study, the ability of children to maintain 
environmental hygiene increased positively, 
as evidenced from the data obtained during 
the intervention. The intervention was stable 
at 80%. 

So the results of data analysis both in 
conditions and between conditions 
concluded that the child's ability to maintain 
environmental cleanliness in the sweeping 
aspect of mentally disabled children is 
increasing after being given an intervention. 
By thus be declared engineering modelling 
based exercise can improve the ability of the 
child in maintaining the cleanliness of the 
environment of the school in the aspect 
sweep on children's mental retardation was 
grade VI / C1 SDLB in SLB Perwari Padang. 

Suggestion 

The advice given is: 

1. For researchers furthermore, research it 
can be used as a guide and a guide and a 
source of knowledge about child mental 
retardation were in improving the ability 
to maintain the cleanliness of the 
environment of the school in the aspect 
sweep 

2. For teachers, the results of research on the 
techniques of modelling -based exercises 
can be used as one of the media that is 
attractive to intermediaries in delivering 
learning maintaining the cleanliness of the 

environment of the school in the aspect 
sweep. 

V. REFERENCES 

Aziz, I. N., & Dewi, Y. A. S. (2019a). 
The Concept of Language 
Environment: A Descriptive 
Study at Madrasah Aliah 
Keagamaan Gresik. EDUKASI: 
Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 1–23. 

Aziz, I. N., & Dewi, Y. A. S. (2019b). 
The Effect of Contextual 
Teaching and Learning on 
Students’ English Grammar 
Competance. ALSUNA: JOURNAL 
OF ARABIC AND ENGLISH 
LANGUAGE, 2(2), 3. 

Kustawan, D., & Yanti, L. (2014). 
Program Pengembangan Diri 
Untuk Peserta Didik 
Tunagrahita. Jakarta: Direktorat 
Jendral Pendidikan Dasar Kementerian 
Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan. 

Panjaitan, R. A. A., & Irdamurni, K. 
(2013). Meningkatkan 
kemampuan toilet training 
melalui analisis tugas pada anak 
tunagrahita sedang. Jurnal 
Penelitian Pendidikan Khusus, 2(3). 

Sagala, S. K., & Pembelajaran, M. 
(2009). Untuk Membantu 
Memecahkan Problematika 
Belajar dan Mengajar. Cet. IX. 

Sunanto, J., Takeuchi, K., & Nakata, 
H. (2006). Penelitian dengan 
subjek tunggal. Bandung: UPI Pres. 

 


