JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 79 Analysis on Centrifugal Pump Performance in Single, Serial, and Parallel Faisal Ansoria, Edi Widodob a, bMechanical Engineering Department Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Jl. Mojopahit No.666 B, Sidowayah, Celep, Kec. Sidoarjo, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur 61271 Abstract The pump is a tool to provide the mechanical energy to the liquid in the pump constant fluid density and large. In terms of mechanism, the pump is divided into three types, namely, rotary pumps, pump the shaft/piston and centrifugal pumps. The use of the pump are the most widely used either in the household or in the environment industry. In the centrifugal pumps, there are losses – losses among other head losses. To find the head losses among other data needs head on the pump, the pump and the discharge flow rate of the pump. Head is defined as energy per unit weight of the fluid. The head of the unit (H) meters or feet is fluid. In the pump, the head is measured by calculating the difference between the total pressure of the suction pipe and the pipe press, when measurement is done at the same height. For single full pump openings 0,00246 m³ \ s, valve openings ¾ 0,00210 and aperture of ½ 0,00177 m³ \ s can be concluded the discharge of water at the pump the larger the opening of the valve the greater the discharge of its water. Moreover, vice versa, if the opening of the valve is getting smaller then the water debit is getting smaller. For full opening valves 3,11 m / s, for openings ¾ 2,65 m / s and ½ 2,23 m / s open valve openings. For the flow, the larger valve opening the greater flow rate would be and, vice versa, the smaller valve opening the smaller flow rate would be. Single centrifugal pump full valve openings 0.409 kg / cm², the opening of the valve ¾ 0,209 kg / cm² and the opening of the valve ½ 00,069 kg / cm² resulted the smaller opening valve the smaller the head as well, and the greater valve opening, the bigger head in the can. Keywords: pump system; valve; head 1. INTRODUCTION Centrifugal pump is kinetic machine to transform mechanical to hydraulic energy through centrifugal activity, fluid pressure in the pump. Furthermore, even centrifugal pump is simple industrial equipment, yet it is mostly needed [1]. Making the pump meets the specification as it is planned; it mush have tests on its specification [2]. This pump is used for medium- to high-head with medium flow capacity. In its application, centrifugal pump is widely used for water filling process to kettle and household pump. Parts of centrifugal pump are stuffing box, packing, shaft, shaft sleeve, vane, casing, eye of impeller, impeller, casing wear ring and discharge nozzle. Figure 1. Longitudinal cross section of centrifugal pump JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 80 1.1 Head Pump head is pump ability to transport fluid to different height or it is pump ability to transport fluid to different distance. Mechanically, pump head written as follow [3].Pressure head written in formulation as follow: P γ = Pd γ - Ps γ (1) Where ℎ𝑝= head press (m) 𝑝𝑑 = absolute outlet pressure (N/𝑚 2) 𝑝𝑠= absolute inlet pressure (N/𝑚 2) 1.2 V – Notch Weir In calculating debit on conduit, it uses v-notch weir. It is located on the notch with right triangle form. It measures outlet water flow with height parameter on v-notch weir. Figure 2. V-notch weir Formulation used to calculate debit on v-notch weir is [4]: v-notch formulation 𝑄 = 8 15 √2. 𝑔 tan 𝜃 2 𝐻 5 2 (2) Where: Q = water debit g = gravity velocity θ = notch angle H = water notch height on v-notch weir 1.3 Fluid Flow Speed Calculating fluid flow rate used fluid flow debit as follow [5]: 𝑄 = 𝑣. 𝐴 ( 𝑚3 𝑠 ) (3) Where: v = fluid flow rate A = plumbing cross-sectional area Furthermore, to calculate the flow rate, the formulation is reversed: 𝑣 = 𝑄 𝐴 (4) JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 81 Where: V = fluid flow rate A = plumbing cross-sectional area Cross-sectional area could be calculated by the following formulation: 𝐴 = 𝜋 (𝑟)2 (5) Where: A = cross-sectional area r = plumbing radius 1.4 Reynolds number Reynolds number is ratio between inertia to viscosity that quantify the correlation of the both with a condition of current flow, this number is used to identify the kind of different flow; for example laminar and turbulence [6]. This Reynolds number explains fluid flow profile in pipe, namely:  Laminar flow of Re < 2300  Transition flow of 2300 < Re < 4000  Turbulence flow of Re > 4000 Reynolds number to determine fluid flow within pipe is [6]: Reynolds number (𝑅𝑒): 𝑅𝑒 = 𝜌.𝑉.𝐷 𝑣 (6) Where: 𝜌 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ( 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 ⁄ ) where water is 1000 𝑉 = 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑚 𝑠⁄ ) 𝐷 = 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑚) 𝑣 = 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑚 2 𝑠⁄ ) 1.5 Head Losses To calculate friction loss between pipe wall and fluid flow without change on cross- sectional area in pipe, it can use Darcy formulation that mathematically is written as follow [7]: 𝐻𝑙 = 𝑓 𝐿.𝑣 2 𝐷(2𝑔) (7) Where: Hl = head losses f = friction coefficient ( 64 𝑅𝑒 ) L = pipe length (m) V = flow rate in pipe ( 𝑚 𝑠 ) D = pipe diameter (m) g = gravitation acceleration (m/𝑠2) 2. METHOD This chapter is going to explain method in relation to: 1. Planning and building simulation apparatus to test single, serial, and parallel pump. Planning testing instrument is preparing installation to obtain parallel and serial pump structure. The designed pump is as depicted in Figure 3. JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 82 Figure 3. Structure of pump test equipment Figure 3 shows installation scheme of pump testing to be built. Modification on serial and parallel is conducted by opening and closing valve installed. 2. Testing method. Testing method is conducted by measuring debit, flow rate and head resulted by pump. Data on debit, flow rate, and pressure are utilized to obtain pump head. 3. Data analysis and performance graphics. The results of testing data are processed to be derivation data including head loose, Reynolds number and flow rate 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Single Installation Centrifugal Pump Result of analysis for testing single pump is as follow: Table 1. Result of Single Installation Pump Valve aperture Water Debit Fluid flow rate Head Full 0,00246 3,11 0.409 ½ 0,00210 2,65 0.209 ¾ 0,0007 2,23 0.069 JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 83 Graphic 1. Water debit on single installation pump Graphic 2. Flow rate on single pump Data on graphic 1 shows that full aperture has 0.00246 m³\s of water debit, while ¾ valve aperture has 0.00210 m3/s of water debit and ½ valve aperture has 0.00177 m³\s of water debit. This data shows that the wider valve aperture results higher water debit. In vice versa, the smaller valve aperture, the lower water debit. In graphic 2, data on flow velocity shows that full valve aperture results 3,11 m/s of flow velocity, while for ¾ valve aperture, it results 2,65 m/s of flow velocity and ½ valve aperture results 2,23 m/s of flow velocity. Flow velocity increases with valve aperture. The higher valve aperture, the higher flow velocity and, vice versa, the smaller valve aperture, the smaller flow velocity. 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 Full ½ ¾ D e b it v a lu e m 3 /s Valve aperture on single pump Water Debit (Q) Water Debit 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Full ½ ¾ F lo w R a te in m /s Valve aperture on single pump Flow rate Flow Rate JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 84 Graphic 3. Head on single pump Based on graphic 3 head in full valve aperture is 0,409 kg/cm², while in ¾ valve aperture the head is 0,209 kg/cm² and in ½ valve aperture the head is 0,069 kg/cm². It explains that the smaller valve aperture, the smaller the head and the wider valve aperture, the bigger head obatained. 3.2 Serial Centrifugal Pump Resulf of centrifugal pump in serial shows in Table 2 below: Table 2. Result of Pump in serial Aperture Suction pressure Outlet pressure Head Debit Fluid flow rate Full 0.00003 0.18 0.17997 0.0021 2.26 3.3 Parallel Centrifugal Pump Result of centrifugal pump in parallel shows in Table 3 below: Table 3. Resulf of Pump in parallel Aperture Suction pressure Outlet pressure Head Debit Fluid flow rate Full 0.001 0.41 0.409 0.0068 8.58 3.4 Comparison Result of Centrifugal Pump Based on the data of full aperture on centrifugal pump, table 4 below shows the difference of centrifugal pump in single, parallel, and serial. Table 4. Comparison on Centrifugal Pump Aperture Head Debit Flow rate Installation Full 0.17997 0.0021 2.26 Serial 0.409 0.0068 8.58 Parallel 0.409 0.0025 3.11 Single 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Full ½ ¾ H e a d V a lu e in k g /c m 2 Valve aperture on single pump Head Head JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 85 Graphic 4. Head in Full Aperture Graphic 5. Water Debit in Full Aperture Graphic 4 shows head on parallel centrifugal pump is not achieving 0.2 kg/cm², while in serial and single centrifugal pump is the same in 0.4 kg/cm². It is as the result of piping in parallel installation only needs a pipe, while in serial, it needs 2 pipes. In graphic 5 Debit on parallel centrifugal pump achieved 0.006 cm²/s while in serial and single centrifugal pump achieved almost the same in 0.002 kg/cm². It is because the pipe is only one, while in parallel, it uses 2 pipes. As depicted in graphic 6, flow velocity shows higher value in parallel centrifugal pump. It is 8.58 m/s. Moreover, single centrifugal pump results flow velocity value under parallel pump. It is 3.11 m/s and the lowest is in serial centrifugal pump. It is 2.26 m/s. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Serial Single Parallel H e a d v a lu e in k g /c m 2 Installation in Full Aperture Centrifugal Pump Head Head 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 Serial Single Parallel W a te r d e b it i n m 3 /s Installation in Full Aperture Centrifugal Pump Debit Debit JEMMME, Vol.3, No. 2, November 2018 ISSN 2541-6332 e-ISSN 2548-4281 JEMMME | Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 86 Graphic 6. Fluid Flow Velocity in Full Aperture . 4. CONCLUSION This research was conducted to find out the performance of centrifugal pump in single, serial, and parallel with full aperture. Result of this research is as explained below. Research shows that head in parallel centrifugal pump is not achieving 0.2 kg/cm², while serial and single centrifugal pump resulted the same result in 0.4 kg/cm². It is because there is only one inlet pipe in serial and single pump, while parallel pump used 2 pipes. Debit on parallel centrifugal pump reached 0.006 cm²/s, while serial and single centrifugal pump had almost the same value in 0.002 kg/cm². It is because there is only one inlet pipe in serial and single pump, while parallel pump used 2 pipes. Flow velocity value is bigger in parallel pump; it reaches 8.58 m/s, while single pump has lower value under parallel pump. It is 3.1 m/s. Moreover, the lowest is in serial pump. It is 2.26 m/s. It is expected for further researcher to investigate further problem in this type of centrifugal pump. REFERENCES [1] F. Amirullah, Pengujian karakteristik pompa susunan paralel dengan spesifikasi berbeda Penguji. karakteristik Pompa Susunan Pararel Dengan Spesifikasi Berbeda, pp. 1–21, 2009. [2] W. D. Putro, Pengujian Kinerja Pompa Sentrifugal Menggunakan Kontrol Inventer, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 21–30, 2010. [3] Nasirwan, Optimasi pengujian pompa seri dan paralel, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 15–21, 2008. 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