E-ISSN : 2541-5794 P-ISSN : 2503-216X Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol 02 No 01 2017 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 53 Effectiveness of the National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM) for Infrastructure Development Accelerated and Geoplanology in District of Marpoyan Damai, Pekanbaru Riry Fatriadi 1, , Febby Asteriani 1 , Catur Cahyaningsih 2, * *1 Planology Department, Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. K.H Nasution No. 113 Marpoyan, 28284, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. 2 Department of Geological Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. K.H Nasution No. 113 Marpoyan, 28284, Pekanbaru, Indonesia Abstract Since 2007 PNPM Urban realize that poverty is a structural problem and multi-dimensional. In PNPM Urban perspective , the complexity of the various dimensions of poverty -related social , political , economic , and asset . this research aim is to know the Effectiveness of the National Program for Community Empowerment for Infrastructure Development Accelerated. In this research , the authors use an explanatory survey research methods . Selected number of samples in the analysis of the effectiveness of PNPM Urban infrastructure improvements are stakeholders involved in PNPM Urban population in the research area of all stakeholders involved in PNPM Urban in District Marpoyan Damai , the authors take purposively respondents who meet the criteria and are associated with research. The results showed that increasing road infrastructure with the PNPM Mandiri. The average improvement of road infrastructure after the PNPM Urban amounted to 35.8 %. The average increase in the quality of infrastructure before the PNPM Urban program is only at 4.4 % per year . This indication shows that roads infrastructure and the quality of the road surface to be increased significantly in the presence of the PNPM Urban Marpoyan Damai in the District . From interviews with relevant stakeholders PNPM Urban, respondents said PNPM Urban was very effective against the improvement of infrastructure in District Marpoyan Damai . Respondents argue that any proposed activity in infrastructure always realized by PNPM Urban . Geological condition of study consists of alluvium Sand, Gravel, Clay, Peat Swamp, Plant Remain in Quaternary age. There are two anticline in this area that is part Western and Southern and fault inferred direction Northwest-Southeast in the middle area of research so that the topography of the area of research a bit wavy and faulted that need observation on land- use planning such as drainage, airport, residential and availability of clean water.. Keywords: Poverty, effective, Geology, Land Use Planning 1. Introduction Poverty is a cross sectors problems, cross area and cross generation Problem, so to handle an integrated comprehensive and sustainable approach is required. In PNPM Urban perspective, the complexity of poverty related to various dimensions of social, political, economic, and assets. Birds should start from the social aspect of humanity fundamentally. Root causes of poverty are not solely economic issues and more on the issue of inequality, due to the collapse of human values and the neglect of governance principles good governance becomes the basis for PNPM Urban to build social capital and start a social change on an ongoing basis (Kuncoro, 2004; Suryono, 2001 & Tri Wahyu, 2011). Weak social capital also encourages a shift in public behavior that is farther away from the spirit of independence, solidarity and concern to solve the problem together. Institutional conditions led people who are not rooted and can not be trusted are generally thrives in situations where the general public is not helpless. The powerlessness of society in addressing and cope with situations in their environment, which in turn encourages indifference, do not care, do not believe in themselves, relying on outside help to overcome the problems faced, not independent, as well as waning orientation of moral and values sublime in the society, especially the sincerity, fairness and honesty. (Arikunto, 1998; Ministry of National Education, 2003; George Odunga, 2013; Nawawi, 1998; Sedarmayanti, 2001; Todaro, 2000; Wahab, 2004) Geology and Regional Planning is required to determine the rocks composition of rocks in the research area. (Cahyaningsih, 2016); (Mairizki and * Corresponding author : caturcahyaningsih@eng.uir.ac.id Tel: +62-82284013121 Received: Feb 1, 2017. Revised : 15 Feb 2017, Accepted: Feb 20, 2017, Published: 1 March 2017 DOI: 10.24273/jgeet.2017.2.1.30 mailto:caturcahyaningsih@eng.uir.ac.id 54 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 Cahyaningsih, 2017); (Putra and Choanji, 2016), (Suryadi, 2016) & (Yuskar, 2016). 2. Aim The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of PNPM Urban Pekanbaru to accelerate infrastructure development and regional geology planning in the district Marpoyan, Pekanbaru. 3. Methods Explanatory survey research methods using for this research. Survey research is an investigation conducted to obtain the facts from existing symptoms and seek explanations are factual and explanatory means explaining events or circumstances right now, and explain events or circumstances that would come. 3.1 Research Variables The variables of research can be seen in Table 1. 3.2 Sampling Technique The samples were selected in the analysis of the effectiveness of PNPM Urban against improvement of infrastructure are stakeholders involved in PNPM Urban at the study site from the population of all stakeholders involved in PNPM Urban in the Marpoyan Damai Peace. Number of KSM (Self Help Groups) that consists of community groups and stakeholders directly involved in PNPM Urban is 80 KSM. In conducting the sample size calculation was based on an error of 5%. Using tables (Sugiyono, 2000). From the table it can be determined the number of samples taken in the district. Marpoyan Damai Damai with a population of 80 is 66 samples (Table 2). KSM determination on each MFI usingtechnique, simple random sampling meaning that researchers sampled randomly from the KSM amount in an MFI. 3.3 Geological Analysis Regional geological map sheets Pekanbaru No 0816 from Coordinating Surveys and Mapping Agency (Bakosurtanal) was used to analyze rock composition of age of rocks. This analysis is done in of Geological Basic Laboratory Universitas Islam Riau. 4. Result 4.1 Analysis of public Participation in the urban PNPM in District Marpoyan Damai PNPM Urbanis a process of learning communities to alleviate poverty. The learning process is actually a process of education, meaning that changes can occur through a process of education, accompanied by a facilitator in the Village / Village goals. The stages of PNPM Urban Cycle can be seen in Table 3. In District Marpoyan Damai, community participation in the implementation of PNPM Urban cycle is very high. Be it in the Citizen Readiness Rembug Socialization, FGD (Focus Group Discussion) RK (Reflection Poverty), Mapping Governmental (PS), election of members of the MFI base level, PNPM volunteers, as well as in the preparation of the Medium Term Plan Poverty Reduction Program (PJM Pronangkis). Every society, both men and women play together to solve the problem of poverty. Community participation in the District of Marpoyan Damai each village can be seen in Table 4. Table 1 . Effectivity variable of PNPM Mandiri at city on Acceleration of Infrastructure Development Variable Indicator Sub Indicator Infrastructure ● Society Participation ● Improving the quality of infrastructure development ✓ Public participation in PNPM MP ✓ Improvement of quality of infrastructure development ✓ Contributions of public funds on infrastructure development financing Table 2. Number of Sampling No. microfinance KSM Total Sample 1 Tangkerang West Makmur 19 16 2 Damai Indah Makmur 17 14 3 Jaya woner 14 11 4 Maharatu Makmur 8 7 5 East Sidomulyo Sorcerer 22 18 Total 80 66 Source: Observation and analysis in 2011 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 55 Table achievement of participation of the population in the District of Marpoyan Damai above can be seen that, every activity on theof stages PNPM Urban Cycle performed with indicators set every village in the district Marpoyan Damai has been reached, Even enthusiastic residents in participating in every activity is high enough, it can be seen in Table 4 that any activities carried out in excess of the specified indicators. Every citizen of both men and women have equal rights. They jointly play an important role for the implementation of each activity of PNPM Urban in District Marpoyan Peace. The education process is conducted in the District of Marpoyan Damai has an impact on public awareness. So grows the critical consciousness of society, such as in the implementation of the Poverty Reflection (RK) which foster the values of justice, equality, mutual understanding, and mutual care to the problems of others. District of Marpoyan together to learn to identify, analyze patterns of relationships (interactions) they are in social life, causing equal and equitable relationship. Integrated policy and the provision of appropriate information can stimulate the development of infrastructure, increase community participation, creating community awareness. Social relationships in a fair, people in the District of Marpoyan Damai has grown values appreciate each other, give each other, understand each other so that they are empowered to self- reliance in poverty reduction. Through this learning process, it is expected the public is able to change the mindset and attitude as human behavior is responsible for running his nature as a human, that human beings are capable of providing the potential that exists within him for the welfare of themselves and their surroundings. Table 3. PNPM Urban Cycle Stages Cycle What is learned? Principles of Community Values Mindset Rembug Community Preparedness (RKM) Participation: learning communities decide consciously efforts to solve the problems they need Justice and equality: all layers of society has the right to obtain information and make decisions Society merupaka subject of development and reserve the right to determine their own destiny without coercion from outside parties, but based on their critical kesanadan Reflection poverty (RK) Participation: engagement to determine the main problems of poverty justice and equality, mutual understanding and mutual care for the problems of others. Honesty to acknowledge the problem The main causes of poverty: the erosion of human values, all parties are responsible in solving the problem of poverty. People able to analyze the causal problem of poverty mapping Governmental (PS) participation, transparency of information in exploring the potential and problems together Caring about the problems of the poor, mutual respect, mutual understanding, equality in the activities of the community were able to conduct a study and penelitiah simple view of the problems in the region Development BKM democracy, participation, decentralization in the institutional development of representative Honesty, fairness, equality, volunteerism becomes a commitment to all citizens people were able to organize themselves in determining who should lead PJM Pronangkis (participatory planning) participation, transparency, democracy in the learning process preparing plans to meet community needs justice, honesty and togetherness in an effort to meet the need to address the issue of poverty can be tackled society was able to plan the program. Society has the responsibility for planning. KSM organizing participation, democracy, accountability, within the group as social capital Justice, honesty, equality, mutual care among group members, mutual understanding, mutual respect and mutual trust society capable of organizing itself in society Source: Module Review the Implementation Cycle PNPM Urban 56 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 Table 4. Achievement Participation Residents in the District Marpoyan Damai Village Event AchievementParticipation & Women's Adult Population Total Population Adult Indicator 10% (PA MFI 40%, PJM 5%) Realizatio n (+ / -) Achieve ment Percentage of Accomplish ment Participatio n Population Adult Indicator 40% of women (Tim PS 50%) Realized (+ / -) Achieve ment Percentage Achievemen t of Women's Participatio n Tangkerang Barat Socialization and RKM 1326 1409 13257 83 achieved 11% 530.28 586 56 achieved 42% Volunteers 1175 1194 11751 19 Reached 10% 470.04 494 24 achieved 42% FGD RK 1225 1295 12253 70 achieved 11% 490.12 533 43 achieved 42% PS 1225 1307 12253 82 achieved 11% 490.12 547 57 achieved 42% Tim PS 1225 1249 12253 24 achieved 10% 631 613 18 achieved 51% Election of Members of the MFI 4901 4945 12253 44 achieved 40% 1960.48 2000 40 achieved 41% Preparation of PJM 613 641 12253 28 achieved 5% 245.06 277 32 achieved 44% Tangkerang Tengah Socialization and RKM 31 417 3142 3210 68 achieved 10% 1257 1312 55 achieved 41% Volunteers 3142 3211 31417 69 achieved 10% 1256.68 1317 60 achieved 42% FGD RK 3267 3307 32667 40 achieved 10% 1306.68 1352 45 achieved 41% PS 3267 3307 32667 40 achieved 10% 1306.68 1363 56 achieved 42% Tim PS 3267 3300 32667 33 achieved 10% 1633 1674 41 Completi ons 51% Election of Members of the MFI 13067 32667 13099 32 achieved 40% 5226.72 5261 34 Reached 40% Preparation of PJM 1633 1670 32667 37 achieved 5% 653.34 693 40 achieved 42% Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 57 Table 5. Continued Village Activity PopulationParticipation Achievement Adult & Women Total Population Adult Indicator 10% (PA MFI 40%, PJM 5%) Realiz ation (+ / - ) Achieveme nt Percentage of Accomplishme nt Participation Population Adult Indicator 40% of women (Tim PS 50%) Realize d (+ / - ) Achievem ent Percentage Achievement of Women's Participation Wonorejo Socialization and RKM 634 817 183 6337 achieved 26% 253.48 345 92 achieved 44% Volunteers 607 647 6067 40 achieved 11% 242.68 270 27 achieved 43% FGD RK 616 649 6157 33 achieved 13% 246.28 264 18 achieved 41% PS 616 661 6157 45 achieved 15% 246.28 272 26 achieved 42% Tim PS 616 631 6157 15 achieved 10% 776 468 308 Achieved 53% Election of Members of the MFI 2463 2498 6157 35 achieved 40% 985.12 1135 150 achieved 72% Preparation of PJM 308 370 6157 62 achieved 7% 139.34 173 34 achieved 45% Maharatu Socialization and RKM 15 070 1507 1835 328 achieved 12% 602.8 166 769 Achieved 42% Volunteers 1507 1636 129 1507 0 achieved 12% 602.8 682 79 achieved 42% FGD RK 2240 2282 15470 42 achieved 15% 937 896 41 achieved 42% PS 1627 1671 16270 44 achieved 11% 650.8 730 79 Completio ns 43% Tim PS 1627 1665 16270 38 achieved 10% 848 814 34 achieved 51% Election of Members of the MFI 6508 6538 16270 30 achieved 40% 2603.2 2645 42 achieved 41% Preparation of PJM 814 855 16270 41 achieved 5% 325.4 371 46 Completio ns 46% Sidomulyo Timur Socialization and RKM 18 671 1867 1893 26 achieved 10% 746.84 786 39 achieved 42% Volunteers 1525 1534 15251 9 achieved 10% 610.04 616 6 Reached 40% FGD RK 1639 1688 16391 49 achieved 10% 655.64 694 38 achieved 42% PS 1635 1657 16351 22 achieved 10% 654.04 679 25 achieved 41% Tim PS 1635 1658 16351 23 achieved 10% 839 818 21 achieved 51% Election of Members of the MFI 6540 6560 16351 20 achieved 40% 2616.16 2637 21 achieved 40% Preparation of PJM 818 839 16351 21 achieved 5% 327.02 347 20 achieved 42% 58 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 4.2 Analysis Quality Improvement of Infrastructure Development The implementation of community-based infrastructure in the District of Marpoyan Damai is 55.75% compared with those not based society. This means that any activities undertaken mainly PNPM Urban infrastructure activities are much cheaper because of the community-based, in addition to utilizing public funds BLM also contribute in terms of the funds that is self funding from the public. Besides the quality of his work is much better results, because the people themselves who do the infrastructure work ranging from planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. In District of Marpoyan Damai, the proposed infrastructure activities so much from the beginning of BLM fund budget in 2009 until 2010. This type of infrastructure activities proposed in the form of environmental quality improvement activities, such as: 1. Roads, which consists of a dirt road, the concrete road paving blocks, cementing and stockpiling gravel. 2. Drainage, consisting of tertiary channel and the environment, household waste, including of rehabilitation and improvement. 3. Bridge, such as construction of box culvert and bridge. 4. Health Facilities: development Posyandu 5. Clean Water, forming of a wellbore Number of proposed infrastructure development activities in the district of Marpoyan the Peace , proved the level of the needs of society in terms of the environment is very high. Each proposal submitted community activities directly realized by PNPM Urban as a facilitator of each activity. of 2008 before the PNPM Mandiri in District Marpoyan peaceful, just society as an object and not directly involved in the development process in his village. From 2009 until now the community has been the subject of such development. Communities in the District of Marpoyan Damai directly involved in the overall development process. With PNPM Urban was shown to accelerate the development of infrastructure for bebasis community and in accordance with the needs of the community itself.In addition, the presence of PNPM Urban can foster social capital of the community capital (mutual cooperation, caring, self-reliance and others) in the District Marpoyan Damai. 4.3 Contributions Community Fund on Financing for Development Infrastructure Effectiveness PNPM Urban to accelerate infrastructure development can be seen in terms of funding. In this case will be compared between "financing capabilities through BLM (APBN and APBD) with the ability to finance the allocation of public funds to infrastructure development". Based on the theory of effectiveness, the ability of the funds will be directly proportional to the achievement of objectives (Wahab, 2004). In this case the goal is defined PNPM Urban mean acceleration of infrastructure development. Comparison between expenditure on infrastructure financing between BLM PNPM Urban with Governmental Funds people in the District of Marpoyan Damai can be seen from Figs 1 and 2. Graph shows the contribution of BLM and non- governmental funds to finance infrastructure in the District of Marpoyan Damai. BLM is a stimulant of government funds donated to the community to improve the Human Development Index (HDI) so that people become self-reliant so that they can overcome poverty. With this stumulan funds can raise awareness and public concern that arise volunteers from each village. Contributions from the community in the form of self-help funds donated in support of community development programs of PNPM Urban. Graph in 2009 until 2010 funds BLM stimulant proven to increase public awareness, it can be seen from the number of self-donated funds public infrastructure development. Comparison of BLM with funds nongovernmental in 2009-2010 can be seen in Fig 3. From a comparison chart of the infrastructure financing can be seen that the government has been successful in the last 2 years through PNPM Urban in the district of Marpoyan Damai to raise public awareness of development so that makes a society that previously powerless (poor) become more empowered to independent society. In this case the non-governmental funds increased in 2010. For example, in the construction of road infrastructure, non-governmental funds in 2009 reached 14% of the BLM. In 2010 the fund comes community towards road infrastructure increased by 31% from government funds budgeted BLM. The average increase in funding nongovernmental year from 2009 to 2010 of 22.5%. PNPM Urban is divided into 3 activities (Tridaya) that environmental activities / infrastructure, social as well as economic. BLM initiated the distribution of funds for infrastructure projects, ie by 70%, 20% and socially productive economy rolling by 10%. Actual construction of infrastructure in District of Marpoyan Damai of BLM fund is equal to 70% coupled with an average improvement of community self-help funds of 22.5% was 92.5%. This means the realization of infrastructure development in the District of Marpoyan Damai is 92.5% with the National Community Empowerment Program (PNPM) Urban. These indications show that PNPM Urban can realize the proposed activities of the public infrastructure. From Table 5 and Table 6 infrastructure improvement can be seen as an example of the road network, before their PNPM Urban (2006-Year of 2007) compared to after the PNPM Urban (2009- Year of 2010). From Fig 4 can be seen an increase in the road infrastructure in the District Marpoyan Peace. The condition of paved roads increased by 13.2%, paved Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 59 roads and dirt roads no increase (0%). The average increase in the road before their PNPM Urban in District Marpoyan Damai is 4.4%. From Fig 5, it can be seen that the road infrastructure is increasing with the PNPM Mandiri. The condition of paved roads increased by 19.4%, the condition of roads paved roads increased by 28.8% while the ground to be drastically reduced in the amount of 59.2%. The average increase in the quality of infrastructure before the PNPM Urban program is only 4.4% per year, after the PNPM Urban average increase in the quality of infrastructure to 35.8%.This indication shows that infrastructure as a sample of road infrastructure, the quality of the road surface be toincreased significantly by the PNPM Urban is in District Marpoyan Peace. Results of interviews with stakeholders relevantPNPM Urban which consists of KSM, PNPM Urban Consultant, Member of MFIs, with a sample of 66 samples. can be seen in Table 7. Fig 1. Graph of Infrastructure Financing in 2009 Fig 2. Graph Infrastructure Financing in 2010 Fig 3. Comparison Chart Infrastructure Financing Through BLM with Governmental Funds. 60 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 Table 5. Length of Road by Type of Surface (Km) in District Marpoyan Damai 2006-2007 Village Year 2006 Year 2007 Asphalt Compaction Land Asphalt Compaction Land Tangkerang Tengah 24 10 41 29 10 41 Tangkerang Barat 22 12 27 28 12 27 Maharatu 16 23 29 16 23 26 Sidomulyo Timur 8 21 22 8 21 19 Wonorejo 9 18 21 9 18 21 Total 55 130 129 55 130 112 Table 6. length of Road by type of Surface (Km) in the District of Marpoyan Damai Year 2007-2010 Village of the Year 2007 Year 2009 Year 2010 Aspha lt hardened Land Aspha lt hardened Land Asphalt hardened Land Tangkerang Tengah 29 10 41 38 18 16 38 18 26 Tangkerang Barat 28 12 27 33 16 16 33 16 16 Maharatu 29 16 23 38 17 16 38 17 16 Sidomulyo Timur 8 21 31 13 19 31 22 13 19 Wonorejo 21 9 18 28 13 3 0 28 14 Total 129 55 130 168 77 67 168 168 78 Table 7. Interviews Results of Respondents Respondents Rate the effectiveness of the infrastructure improvement seen from the realization of development Not Effective (<20%) Effective Enough (20% -40%) Effective (40% - 70%) Very effective (> 70%) MFI - 2 4 10 KSM - 5 9 32 Consultants PNPM MP - - - 4 Total - 7 13 46 Fig 4. Graph Improving the Quality of Road Infrastructure in Sub Marpoyan Peace Before PNPM Urban Source: District of Marpoyan Damai In 2006, 2007 Source: District of Marpoyan Damai In 2007 until 2010 Source: Analyse Result in 2011 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 61 Fig 5. Graph Improving the Quality Infrastructure in the District of Marpoyan Damai After PNPM MP. 4.4 Geology and Regional Planning Geological condition of research area consist of alluvium Sand, Gravel, Clay, Peat Swamp, Plant Remain in Quaternary age. There are two anticline in this research area, those western section cut Sidomulyo Timur, around the area Beringin Indah and in the South of Maharatu. There is an inferred fault with direction Northwest-Southeast in the middle area of research area cut of Sidomulyo Timur and Maharatu. Fig 6 shows a map of geological research area. Stream-flow patterns that developed in the study dominated parallel type. This flow pattern is generally formed on a slightly steep topography caused by the presence of anticline in the region. Fig 7 shows a map of the study area drainage patterns. Undulating topography of the research area cause by anticline and fault need special observation for land-use planning, drainage, airports, water supply and urban area. Fig 8 shows a map of land use and administration of research area. Fig 6. Geological Regional Map of research area. Deposition old Alluvium, Sand, Gravel, Clay, Plant Remain and Peat Swamp REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAP OF MARPOYAN DAMAI DISTRICT RIAU PROVINCE 62 Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 Fig7. Drainage pattern Map of the study area Fig 8. Land use Use and Administration Map of research area. Drainage Map of Marpoyan Damai District Riau Province Fatriadi, R. et al./ JGEET Vol 02 No 01/2017 63 5. Conclusion PNPM Urban highly effective against the increase in infrastructure development in the District of Marpoyan Damai Pekanbaru. It can be seen from the realization of infrastructure development with PNPM MP 92.5%. These indications show that any proposed development of the public infrastructure can be realized by PNPM Urban. Improved infrastructure is quite significant with the PNPM Urban compared to before the program is running. The quality of the road surface before the PNPM MP (2006-2007) average increase in the quality of the road is only 4.4%. After the PNPM MP (2009-2010), the average increase in the quality of the road surface of 35.8%. In addition, the implementation of community-based infrastructure proved cheaper 55.75% compared with those not based society. 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Teori dan Isu Pembangunan. Malang, Universitas Malang Press. Todaro, Michael, P., 2000. Pembangunan Ekonomi di Dunia Ketiga, Erlangga, Jakarta. Tri Wahyu Rejekiningsih., 2011. Identifikasi faktor penyebab kemiskinan di Kota Semarang dari Dimensi Kultural, Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Vol.12 No.1, UMS Surakarta. Wahab, Solichin Abdul., 2004. Analisis Kebijaksanaan : Dari Formulasi ke Implementasi Kebijaksanaan Negara. Penerbit Bumi Aksara. Jakarta. 1. Introduction 2. Aim 3. Methods 3.2 Sampling Technique 3.3 Geological Analysis 4. Result 4.1 Analysis of public Participation in the urban PNPM in District Marpoyan Damai Table 1 . Effectivity variable of PNPM Mandiri at city on Acceleration of Infrastructure Development 4.2 Analysis Quality Improvement of Infrastructure Development 4.3 Contributions Community Fund on Financing for Development Infrastructure 4.4 Geology and Regional Planning 5. Conclusion References