http://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/JGEET E-ISSN : 2541-5794 P-ISSN : 2503-216X Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol 6 No 3 2021 172 Pandita, H., et al./ JGEET Vol 6 No 3/2021 RESEARCH ARTICLE Biometric similarity Test of The Population of T. (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaensis with T. (Zaria) javana as a Form of Phylogeny And Evolutionary Proximity Hita Pandita1*, Ani Apriani1 1 Department of Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. * Corresponding author : hita@sttnas.ac.id Tel+6285800081053/Fax:+62 274 487249 Received: Apr 25, 2021; Accepted: Sept 22, 2021. DOI: 10.25299/jgeet.2021.6.3.6780 Abstract Biometric aspects in the Turritellidae family need to be studied as an important identification parameter. Zaria, which is one of the sub genera in the Turritellidae family, deserves to be tested in order to determine the feasibility of the biometric aspect as an identification parameter. This paper aims to provide an overview of the benefits of the biometric aspect as an identification parameter. The method used to re-identify the biometric and morphological aspects of the T. (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaensis population with T. (Zaria) javana. The results of the identification were carried out by a T-Test on the biometric aspect to see the similarity of the biometric aspects of the two populations. Based on the results of the T- Test on the parameters of the Wsut: Wang and Wsut: L ratio, it shows that the two Zaria species are the same. Meanwhile, from the morphological aspect, there is a slight difference in the early growth peripherals. Keywords: Biometrical, Zaria, Turritellidae, T-Test, morphological 1. Introduction Biometry is one method of identification of fossils, in the form of measurements of certain parts of the body. The biometric aspect as an identification parameter in fossils has not been widely used as a key parameter in determining species (Imbrie, 1956; Pandita et al., 2013). This is because a sufficient amount of sample data is needed to be able to see the pattern of the biometrics. Therefore, research on the role of biometry as an important parameter in fossil identification needs to be carried out continuously. Zaria, which is a group of fossils from the Turritellidae family, is a sub-genera of Turritella which is interesting to study from its biometric aspect. This is due to the fact that numbers of species of Zaria found on Java Island are morphologically similar, but are separated into different species (Pandita, 2014). This condition is also shown between T. (Zaria) javana from the location of the Cijarian-Sukabumi river and T. (Zaria) bantamensis from the Cimadur-Bayah area. The two populations are almost similar morphologically. Seeing this problem, it is necessary to study the biometric aspects of the two populations between T. (Zaria) javana and T. (Zaria) bantamensis tjikumpaensis. 2. Objectives The purpose of this paper is to provide a morphological and biometric description of the population of Zaria bantamensis tjikumapensis and Zaria javana. The aim is to find out how the biometric aspects provide clarity of the speciiation of the two populations and the opportunities for their phylogeny of closeness. This study is also aimed at reintroducing the biometric parameters used by Pandita et al., (2013). 3. Materials The research sample is a collection stored in the Bandung Geology Museum and the ITNY Paleontology Laboratory with a total of 52 samples. The samples came from two locations in West Java Province and Banten Province. The sample T. (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaiensis came from the Bayah (BYH) location with coordinates 06O 54' 09,2"S and 106O 14' 48,5"E. While the T. (Zaria) javana sample came from the Cijarian River with location coordinates 06O 59' 31.3 "S and 106O 38' 01.6" E (Figure 1). Fig 1. The sampling locations were from the Bayah (BYH) area in Banten Province and the Cijarian river (CJR) in the Sukabumi area of West Java Province 4. Methods The method in this research is to re-identify the morphological and biometric aspects of the two sample populations stored in the ITNY Paleontology Laboratory. The http://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/JGEET Pandita, H., et al./ JGEET Vol 6 No 3/2021 173 sample coded CJR03 is a population of Zaria javana, and BYH01 is a population of Zaria bantamensis tjikumpaensis. After the identification was carried out, statistical analysis was carried out using linear regression and T-Test on biometric parameters. Identification of morphological aspects is using parameters from (Kotaka, 1959); (Marwick, 1957); Merriam, 1941). These parameters include: 1) the number of main spiral ribs, 2) peripheral patterns, 3) room shape, 4) sutures, 5) keel characters and 6) apertura (Figure 2). The biometric aspect uses the parameters proposed by Pandita et al., (2013). These parameters include: 1) L (shell length), 2) Wsut (last chamber suture diameter), 3 Wang (last chamber diameter) (Figure 2). Fig 2. Identification Parameters of Zaria The statistical test conducted is the similarity test using two methods. The first method uses linear regression. The second method uses the Independent T-Test, while the formula used (Hasan, 2004) is as follows: Where: t = value of acceptance if -t(1-1/2)< t < t(1-1/2) x1 & x2 = mean values n1 & n2 = number of population S = is the average standard deviation The formula for the average standard deviation of the two populations: Where: S1 & S2 = standard deviation value of each tested population. 5. Systematic Description The taxonomic systematics used in the preparation of the classification refers to Leloux and Wesselingh, (2009). Class : Gastropoda Cuvier, 1797 Sub class : Prosobranchia Milne-Edwards, 1848 Order : Mesogastropoda Thiele, 1925 Super Family : Cerithiacea Fleming, 1822 Family : Turritellidae Loven, 1847 Genera : Turritella Lamarck, 1799 Sub Genera: Zaria Grey 1847 Species: Turritella (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaiensis Martin, 1905 Figure: 3 Turritella tjicumpaiensis — (Martin, 1905): 232, pl. 35, figs 549-550 Turritella tjicumpaiensis Martin — Van der Vlerk, 1931: 254 Turritella (Turritella) bantamensis tjicumpaiensis Martin — (Shuto, 1974): 144 Turritella (Turritella) bantamensis tjicumpaiensis Martin — (Shuto, 1978): 103 Turritella (Turritella) bantamensis tjicumpaiensis Martin — (Skwarko, S.K.; Sufiati, 1994): f9 Material: Paratype. Shell preservation is not complete, protoconch is loose. The number of preserve whorl about 8 to 9 whorls. Specimens are stored in the ITNY Paleontology Laboratory sample code BYH01 is 11 specimens, and at the Geology Museum Bandung the sample code is B-29 as 6 specimens and 14C as 6 specimens. Fig 3. Turritella (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaiensis: A) complete shell B) Early Teleconch, C) Adult Teleconch, Scale bar = 1 cm. 5.1 Morphologic Descriptive The shell that appears is predominantly small, although some are larger than 60 mm. At the beginning of its growth, the main spiral ribs that appear are 4, with a multicostate structure. The shape of the suture is initially channelized and then changes to subcarinate at the 8th or 9th whorl.The three main rib spiral numbers 1, 2 and 3 are counted from the anterior with strong expression starting from the 8th or 9th whorl at the bottom of the room. The shape of the aperture is rounded (Figure 3). Based on the character of the growth line, this species is closer to the Zaria sub-genera. 174 Pandita, H., et al./ JGEET Vol 6 No 3/2021 Table 1. Biometrical aspect of T. (Zaria) bantamensis tjicumpaiensi No.Spec L(mm) Wang Wsut (O) n Whorl Wang:L Wsut:L Wsut:Wang BYH01-1 121.30 26.80 19.90 10.00 15.00 0.2209 0.1641 0.7425 BYH01-2 57.50 16.30 11.60 13.00 14.00 0.2835 0.2017 0.7117 BYH01-3 36.60 11.35 8.10 13.00 11.00 0.3101 0.2213 0.7137 BYH01B-1 48.40 13.10 9.65 10.00 8.00 0.2707 0.1994 0.7366 BYH01B-2 45.20 12.80 9.50 10.00 8.00 0.2832 0.2102 0.7422 BYH01B-3 45.10 11.40 8.60 8.00 9.00 0.2528 0.1907 0.7544 BYH01B-4 36.65 10.90 8.20 9.50 7.50 0.2974 0.2237 0.7523 BYH01B-5 33.80 10.70 8.20 9.50 7.00 0.3166 0.2426 0.7664 BYH01B-6 37.45 10.65 8.30 10.00 8.00 0.2844 0.2216 0.7793 BYH01B-7 40.35 10.60 7.70 9.00 9.00 0.2627 0.1908 0.7264 BYH01B-8 43.10 13.00 9.80 8.50 9.00 0.3016 0.2274 0.7538 B29-1 50.60 14.90 10.00 8.50 13.00 0.2945 0.1976 0.6711 B29-2 49.90 13.30 9.40 10.00 12.00 0.2665 0.1884 0.7068 B29-3 53.00 15.60 11.70 9.50 11.00 0.2943 0.2208 0.7500 B29-4 93.00 22.00 15.50 8.00 17.00 0.2366 0.1667 0.7045 B29-5 90.90 21.30 16.00 11.00 14.00 0.2343 0.1760 0.7512 B29-6 29.20 8.80 5.30 9.00 10.00 0.3014 0.1815 0.6023 14C4-1 63.25 17.70 13.20 10.00 12.00 0.2798 0.2087 0.7458 14C4-2 60.45 16.00 11.65 9.50 13.00 0.2647 0.1927 0.7281 14C4-3 62.70 17.10 11.65 10.00 12.00 0.2727 0.1858 0.6813 14C4-4 71.90 17.85 12.60 10.00 14.00 0.2483 0.1752 0.7059 14C4-5 55.80 14.50 10.50 9.50 13.00 0.2599 0.1882 0.7241 14C4-6 58.00 14.80 10.60 9.00 14.50 0.2552 0.1828 0.7162 Mean 55.83 14.85 10.77 9.76 0.2736 0.1982 0.7246 S 21.65 4.29 3.18 1.25 0.0253 0.0208 0.0375 Species: Turritella (Zaria) javana Martin, 1883 Figure 4 Turritella javana Martin, 1883: 233, pl. 11, fig. 27. Turritella javana Martin –(Martin, 1884): 171. Turritella javana Martin – (Martin, 1905): 227. Zaria javana (Martin) – (Shuto, 1974): 140. Zaria javana (Martin) – (Skwarko, S.K.; Sufiati, 1994): f15. Material : Lectotype. Shell preservation is not complete, protoconch is loose. The number of preserve whorl about 9 to 11 whorls. Total specimen is 29, stored in Laboratory of Paleontology ITNY．Code number CJR03. Fig 4. Turritella (Zaria) javana: A) complete shell B) Early Teleconch, C) Adult Teleconch, Scale bar = 1 cm. 5.2 Morphologic Descriptive Shell including small to medium sized. In the early rounds made up four primary spirals appears at the beginning teloconch. Whorl shape tends tricostate formed by spiral into 1, 2 and 3 are sorted from the anterior, with a spiral rib to 2 expressed slightly stronger than the other two. A fine spiral located under the posterior sutures as a spiral 4. Sutures at the beginning teleconch shaped channelled.Start whorl to 7 there is a change of sutures and pheriperal form. Forms bicarinate appear in the center of the whorl that is formed by a spiral rib of the anterior second and third. Relative changes to subcarinate sutures. Lateral growth line strongly curved with a single sinus, and basal sinuses also appeared at the bottom. Aperture somewhat elliptical until rounded. Pandita, H., et al./ JGEET Vol 6 No 3/2021 175 Table 2. Biometrical aspect of T. (Zaria) javana No.Spec L(mm) Wang Wsut (O) n Whorl Wang:L Wsut:L Wsut:Wang CJR3A-1 51.90 14.75 10.45 15.00 12.00 0.28420 0.20135 0.70847 CJR3A-2 61.20 14.65 10.35 13.00 13.00 0.23938 0.16912 0.70648 CJR3A-3 53.80 14.90 10.25 13.50 11.50 0.27695 0.19052 0.68792 CJR3A-4 57.60 15.00 10.85 13.00 12.50 0.26042 0.18837 0.72333 CJR3A-5 56.30 16.35 11.15 13.00 12.00 0.29041 0.19805 0.68196 CJR3A-6 52.50 13.70 9.70 14.50 11.50 0.26095 0.18476 0.70803 CJR3A-7 45.30 13.30 8.95 13.50 11.50 0.29360 0.19757 0.67293 CJR3A-8 54.20 14.65 10.00 14.00 12.50 0.27030 0.18450 0.68259 CJR3A-9 53.40 13.40 9.40 13.50 12.00 0.25094 0.17603 0.70149 CJR3A-10 43.40 12.85 9.10 14.50 11.50 0.29608 0.20968 0.70817 CJR3A-11 46.40 12.95 9.30 14.50 12.00 0.27909 0.20043 0.71815 CJR3A-12 40.25 11.15 8.45 13.00 10.00 0.27702 0.20994 0.75785 CJR3B-1 53.60 15.00 10.70 12.50 11.00 0.27985 0.19963 0.71333 CJR3B-2 59.90 15.50 11.30 13.50 11.50 0.25876 0.18865 0.72903 CJR3B-3 42.10 13.60 9.60 13.50 11.00 0.32304 0.22803 0.70588 CJR3B-4 53.45 13.55 9.50 14.00 11.00 0.25351 0.17774 0.70111 CJR3B-5 54.40 15.10 11.10 13.00 10.80 0.27757 0.20404 0.73510 CJR3B-6 48.00 14.40 9.85 13.00 11.00 0.30000 0.20521 0.68403 CJR3B-7 54.85 15.25 10.85 13.00 10.80 0.27803 0.19781 0.71148 CJR3B-8 50.80 13.50 10.00 13.50 11.00 0.26575 0.19685 0.74074 CJR3B-9 55.75 15.45 11.70 13.00 10.80 0.27713 0.20987 0.75728 CJR3B-10 53.70 15.70 11.80 14.50 11.00 0.29236 0.21974 0.75159 CJR3B-11 65.00 15.60 11.00 12.50 12.50 0.24000 0.16923 0.70513 CJR3B-12 43.00 12.10 8.70 13.00 11.00 0.28140 0.20233 0.71901 CJR3B-13 49.30 15.30 11.10 13.50 10.00 0.31034 0.22515 0.72549 CJR3B-14 50.00 15.60 11.30 13.50 11.00 0.31200 0.22600 0.72436 CJR3B-15 52.70 15.50 10.80 13.00 12.00 0.29412 0.20493 0.69677 CJR3B-16 49.40 15.20 10.70 13.00 11.00 0.30769 0.21660 0.70395 CJR3B-17 46.70 13.65 9.60 14.00 10.00 0.29229 0.20557 0.70330 Mean 51.69 14.40 10.26 13.48 0.28011 0.19958 0.71258 S 6.24 1.36 0.82 0.72 0.02102 0.01578 0.02182 6. Result Phenotypically, the two populations have almost the same morphological physical characteristics, there are only differences in the peripheral pattern in early teleconch, where T. (Zaria). javana has a tricostate pattern (Figure 4B), while T. (Zaria). bantamensis has multicostate (Figure 3B). Seeing this, it is necessary to test the similarity on biometry whether the two populations are indeed different or the same. Biometric data has been presented in tables 1 and 2. Fig 5. Linear regression pattern of the parameters Wsut: L ratio between Z. javana (CJR03) with Z. Bantamensis tjicumpaiensis (BYH01). The first study conducted a linear regression pattern analysis to see if there was no relationship between the two species. The Wsut: L and Wsut: Wang ratios show that the two species have parallel and coincided linear lines (Figures 5 and 6). Based on this, the two populations have the same growth pattern. The second study was analyzed using a two-way difference test known as the T-Test. Data processing using excel program. The acceptance level used ( = 0.05) is a number commonly used in the T-Test. So that the acceptance limit for the total number of the two populations of 52 samples is -2.008