# bib

id: files-17
author: Ahmad, Manzoor; Khan, Shehzad; Alim, Kiran
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3478
sentence: 191
flesch: 58
cache: cache/files-17.pdf
txt: txt/files-17.txt
title:
  Impact of shocks in domestic aggregate demand for natural gas on domestic aggregate energy consumption in China

summary:
  Research methods This study uses secondary data on domestic aggregate energy consumption (DAEC) in kg oil equivalent, gross domestic product (GDP) in current US dollar, domestic aggregate demand for natural gas (DADNG), domestic aggregate natural gas production (DANGP) in billion cubic meters. 4. Conclusion The current explored the linkages between gross domestic demand (GDP), domestic aggregate demand for natural gas (DADNG), domestic aggregate natural gas production (DANGP) and domestic aggregate energy consumption (DAEC) by utilizing the methodology of non-linear ARDL over the period of 1970-2016 for China.


id: files-15
author: Shah, Syyeda Farhana ; Khan, Saleem; Rauf, Abdur
title: Causality analysis between exports, imports and economic growth of Pakistan
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3567
sentence: 233
flesch: 58
cache: cache/files-15.pdf
txt: txt/files-15.txt
summary:
  This further increases the demand, boosting the output and thus there is a direct relationship between economic growth and export growth (Sharma & Dhakal, 1994). Oxley (1993) utilized Granger-Causality test over Portuguese data, 1983-1995, and failed to accept the hypothesis of export-led growth while favoured reverse causality that income growth causes export growth.


id: files-20
author: Muhammad, Ali; Haq, Zahoor Ul; Khan, Imad
title: Households Discrimination in School Enrolment in Pakistan: Does gender matter?
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3463
sentence: 193
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-20.pdf
txt: txt/files-20.txt
summary:
  The importance of school education could not be more over emphasized as it forms the base of the pyramid of education. The study recommends that government to take appropriate steps to reduce gender discrimination in school enrollment by offering subsidy on female education in the country.


id: files-11
author: Ahmad, Manzoor; Khan, Zia Ullah ; Khan, Shehzad
title: Do gross domestic product changes have asymmetric effects on India’s energy use?
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3671
sentence: 208
flesch: 60
cache: cache/files-11.pdf
txt: txt/files-11.txt
summary:
  The existing literature on the linkage between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and energy use in both industrialized and developing economies usually assumes that the impacts of gross domestic product changes are symmetric. In this study, we utilized nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model and test whether or not the effect of variations in the gross domestic product on energy use is symmetric or asymmetric from the context of India.


id: files-16
author: Sajjad; Tariq; Tariq, Muhammad
title: The impact of military spendings on economic growth of Pakistan
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4413
sentence: 251
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-16.pdf
txt: txt/files-16.txt
summary:
  Variables Definition Symbols Sources Gross domestic product Gross domestic product in Pakistani millions rupees GDP World Development Indicators (2017) Military expenditures Military expenditure in Pakistani millions rupees ME SIPRI (2017) Non-Military government expenditures Non-Military government expenditures in Pakistani millions rupees GE Pakistan Economic Survey Real interest rate Real interest rate in annual percentage R State Bank of Pakistan 5. The findings indicate that military expenditure has a positive impact on Pakistan's economic growth in the long-run, however it has negative effect on economic growth in the short-run.


id: files-14
author: Chohan, Muhammad Ali; Ramakrishnan, Suresh ; Butt, Shamaila
title: An economic analysis of mobile banking in Pakistan
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4762
sentence: 257
flesch: 51
cache: cache/files-14.pdf
txt: txt/files-14.txt
summary:
  Support services for obtaining credit, mortgage and insurance can also be requested through mobile banking services. The growth and coverage of wireless telecommunications has provided a platform for mobile banking services.


id: files-12
author: Rehman, Muhammad Khalil Ur ; Qadir, Ghayyur ; Shahzad, Saqib
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4804
sentence: 305
flesch: 46
cache: cache/files-12.pdf
txt: txt/files-12.txt
title:
  Effect of transformational leadership on employees’ job satisfaction: An analysis of public sectors universities of Northern areas of KP, Pakistan

summary:
  A study of transformational leadership, organisational change and job satisfaction. Literature review Review of the literature below presents a systematic overview definition of the leadership, its various types and how do they have impact on job satisfaction of the employees.


id: files-126
author: Mahmood, Farrukh; Hashim, Shumaila ; Iram, Uzma ; Chishti, Muhammad Zubair
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5522
sentence: 289
flesch: 63
cache: cache/files-126.pdf
txt: txt/files-126.txt
title:
  Wage disparities between high and low wage cities with and without the cost of living within Punjab and Sindh: An application of Oaxaca-Blinder using PSLM with HIES

summary:
  Introduction In the labor market, workers have wage differences based on their skills, and hence they have a different marginal product of labor, which is often known as wage disparity. Wage disparity determines distress social and moral values among individuals, and also the level of living standards among workers.


id: files-13
author: Minhaj-ud-Din; Iqbal, Javed ; Rahman, Zia-ur
title: Assessment of underground economy and tax evasion: Empirical evidence from Pakistan
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6819
sentence: 292
flesch: 58
cache: cache/files-13.pdf
txt: txt/files-13.txt
summary:
  Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1 (2017) 21-34 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.113 21 Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies (JAEBS) Journal homepage: https://jaebs.com ISSN (Print): 2523-2614 ISSN (Online): 2663-693X An assessment of underground economy and tax evasion in Pakistan Minhaj-ud-Din1*, Javed Iqbal2 & Zia-ur-Rahman3 1Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Timergara Campus 2Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus 3 PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus ABSTRACT Underground economy has serious implications for economic performance and public policy of a country. The results indicated that increase in taxes, intensity of regulation, and inflation were the driving force of underground economy.


id: files-147
author: Suleman, Sana; Cheema, Ahmed Raza
title: Foreign remittances and income inequality in Pakistan: A Pooled Regression Analysis
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6041
sentence: 429
flesch: 63
cache: cache/files-147.pdf
txt: txt/files-147.txt
summary:
  Relationship between income inequality and foreign remittance In order to find the long run relationship between income inequality and foreign remittances, the study pools the data by taking one observation from urban and rural areas each of four provinces from 1998-99 to 20015-16 making 8 observations per year in Pakistan. In order to check the role of foreign remittance on income inequality, the random effect model is estimated and that is given as follows: Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume. 4, Issue 4 (2020) 237-250 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.4411 243 ( )0 1 0 1 1 1 : 0 : 0 it it i it inequality FR v H H      = +


id: files-118
author: Saddique, Muhammad; Khan, Zahoor; Gul, Saleem
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6635
sentence: 308
flesch: 44
cache: cache/files-118.pdf
txt: txt/files-118.txt
title:
  The Performance Effect of HPWS and Relational Coordination on Branch Efficiency: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

summary:
  Firstly, to estimate the effects of HPWS in predicting relational coordination among employees (HPWS as input and relational coordination as output), secondly, to assess the relationship of HPWS with branch level performance outcomes (HPWS as inputs and performance outcomes as outputs), and thirdly, the effects of relational coordination on performance outcomes (RC as inputs and performance as outputs). Firstly, to estimate the effects of HPWS in predicting relational coordination among employees (HPWS as input and relational coordination as output), secondly, to assess the relationship of HPWS with branch level performance outcomes (HPWS as inputs and performance outcomes as outputs), and thirdly, the effects of relational coordination on performance outcomes (RC as inputs and performance as outputs).


id: files-104
author: Usman, Muhammad ; Hameed, Gulnaz; Saboor, Abdul ; Saddozai, Khuram Nawaz
title: Technological Spillovers, Manufacturing Growth and Transboundary Pollution in Case of Pakistan
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6841
sentence: 383
flesch: 44
cache: cache/files-104.pdf
txt: txt/files-104.txt
summary:
  But technology spillover with less negative externalities is more valuable and socially optimal. 2.3 Empirical Framework Considering the technological augmented model and knowledge spillover as endogenously determined, the level of technology spillover is dependent on both domestic and foreign R&D variables (Coe et al., 2009;


id: files-194
author: Mahmood, Farrukh ; Hashim, Shumaila ; Fatima, Hina
title: A Complete Picture of Spatial Disparity in Cost of Living Index: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Cities
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7439
sentence: 309
flesch: 65
cache: cache/files-194.pdf
txt: txt/files-194.txt
summary:
  As Islamabad has high CoL for most of the categories (for detail, see Appendix 1). CoL index for rural Pennsylvania’s cities consistently lower as compared to the urban cities, and this disparity decrease over time [Kurre, 2000].


id: files-199
author: Shahzad, Muhammad ; Shah, Anwar ; Chaloupka, Frank Joseph
title: Tobacco Farming and Illness Induced Poverty in Pakistan
date: 2021-06-28
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6904
sentence: 380
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-199.pdf
txt: txt/files-199.txt
summary:
  Using survey data from the tobacco producing districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, this study found that tobacco farmers experienced higher proportion of sever health hazards and illnesses like CVD and respiratory issues. The current study is aimed to quantify difference in health cost of tobacco and non- tobacco farmers and associated impact on deepening of poverty in both groups.


id: files-164
author: Younas, Muhammad Zeeshan; Rehman, Faiz Ur
title: Competitive Pressure and Firm-Level Innovation: The Perspective of a Developing Economy
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7421
sentence: 424
flesch: 47
cache: cache/files-164.pdf
txt: txt/files-164.txt
summary:
  The table also provides compelling evidence in support of an inverted-U shaped relationship between competition and innovation because the high-level competition is associated with decreasing innovation levels. Authors own calculations based on ES survey Muhammad Zeeshan Younas & Faiz-Ur-Rehman 42 As mentioned earlier, we divide competition level into three different categories where firms with 0 to 10 competitors fall in low-level competition, 11 to 99 belong to medium level competition and above 100 are considered as highly competitive firms.


id: files-154
author: Buzdar, Salah Udin ; Khair, Syed Muhammad ; Shah, Syed Munawar
title: Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Fresh-Water Grown Leafy Vegetables
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8131
sentence: 408
flesch: 62
cache: cache/files-154.pdf
txt: txt/files-154.txt
summary:
  The reasons for not paying an extra amount for FWGV are shown in the table 6, 15% of the respondents said that they are satisfied with whatever existing state of vegetables, and 6% of the respondents said that they did not use FWGV vegetables. Figure 1: Consumers’ Ranking of the Food Items According to Their Usage Source: Authors’ Survey, 2018 2 6 .7 0 % 5 6 .1 0 % 1 4 .5 0 % 2 .7 0 % 3 6 .0 0 % 3 0 .2 0 % 2 9 .0 0 % 4 .8 0 % 3 1 .4 0 % 1 0 .2 0 %


id: files-18
author: Sajjad; Haq, Zahoor Ul; Iqbal, Javed
title: Household food demand in Pakistan: A provincial analysis
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7697
sentence: 560
flesch: 72
cache: cache/files-18.pdf
txt: txt/files-18.txt
summary:
  The study used the linear approximate almost ideal demand system (LA-AIDS) to estimate food demand elasticities. They estimated food demand elasticities for urban and rural areas of Romania.


id: files-152
author: Shah, Anwar ; Habib, Nasrullah ; Younas, Muhammad Zeeshan
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8655
sentence: 553
flesch: 64
cache: cache/files-152.pdf
txt: txt/files-152.txt
title:
  How Election Process is Rent-Seeking in Pakistan? A Case Study of Local Bodies Election in District Pakpattan

summary:
  We do show that transfer cost is equal to election campaigning cost, which is like a rent-seeking cost, as it does not increase profit for the society. After allotting of election symbol candidates start a formal campaign, which lasts till 48 hours before the day of the election.


id: files-105
author: Saeed, Saira ; Saboor, Abdul ; Hameed, Gulnaz
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8975
sentence: 562
flesch: 53
cache: cache/files-105.pdf
txt: txt/files-105.txt
title:
  An empirical analysis of altruistic consumer behaviour and economic welfare of households in pakistan

summary:
  To make the analysis more specific different income proxies like household income and household expenditure has been used to predict the accurate relationship between the two variables. His first contribution was the validation of deviations from rational behavior in economic decision making and giving theory of mental accounting * drabdul.saboor@uaar.edu.pk Saira Saeed, Abdul Saboor & Gulnaz Hameed 84 to explain the cognitive operations used by economic individual to evaluate his/her economic activities.


id: files-208
author: Abdul Hassan, Abdul Hassan; Shahnaz Akhtar; Muhammad Ishaq
title: Livelihood Assets and Outcomes of Rural Farm Households in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan
date: 2021-09-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8768
sentence: 536
flesch: 51
cache: cache/files-208.pdf
txt: txt/files-208.txt
summary:
  The study identified main factors of farm household capitals that determines the current household incomes generated by smallholder farmers by utilizing their capitals/asset. Similarly, equation 6 gives the relationship of household capitals with household output (income).


id: files-122
author: Iqbal, Amjid ; Sajid, Ghulam Mustafa ; Khan, Sami Ullah
title: The Socio-Economic Determinants of Child Educational Attainment in Pakistan
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9539
sentence: 530
flesch: 58
cache: cache/files-122.pdf
txt: txt/files-122.txt
summary:
  So, the main purpose of this study is to explore the factors which affect child education in Pakistan. As today child is the part of future human capital, so we must focus on child education, because according to Dubra (2004) education is the most important tool used for human capital development.


id: files-112
author: Farooq, Muhammad Umar ; Naqvi, Syed Asif Ali; Huang, Shaoan
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9583
sentence: 445
flesch: 57
cache: cache/files-112.pdf
txt: txt/files-112.txt
title:
  Is there any Threshold in the Causal Association of Mother’s Education with Child’s Health? A Case study of Pakistan

summary:
  Thus, this study will extends the literature on mother education child health gradient to search out any nonlinearity or threshold using PDHS, 2012-13) data. ABSTRACT Past studies failed to solve the problem of nonlinearity and threshold in the association of mother education with infants’ health.


id: files-132
author: Mariyam, Sidra ; Malik, Wasim Shahid
title: The Role of Monetary Policy in Transmission of Asset Prices into Goods Prices
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10061
sentence: 536
flesch: 57
cache: cache/files-132.pdf
txt: txt/files-132.txt
summary:
  We find evidence in support of both hypotheses; asset price inflation positively transmits into goods price inflation and this transmission intensifies if interest rate does not respond to other variables in the model. We find evidence in support of both hypotheses in that asset price inflation positively transmits into goods price inflation and this transmission intensifies if interest rate does not respond to other variables in the model.


id: files-179
author: Tabassum, Uzma ; Alam, Shaista ; Fatima , Ambreen
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9851
sentence: 444
flesch: 44
cache: cache/files-179.pdf
txt: txt/files-179.txt
title:
  Contribution of Spatial Concentration in Exaggerating Inequalities: Across Various Urban Regions of Pakistan

summary:
  The study has first estimated probability of receiving treatment by regressing binary variable agglomeration equals 1 if regions spatial concentration is above average in base period and with positive growth and 0 otherwise as a function of household characteristics including average education, age & gender of head of household, age and education of highest earner, dependency ratio, Female participation Ratio, Percentage of technically trained working age individuals in household, Average weekly hours works and Provincial and occupational dummies. The regions that have above average level of agglomeration in a most recent period and positive growth from the base year marked as treated regions.


id: files-131
author: Qazi, Laila Taskeen; Atta ur Rahman; Ali , Shahid ; Alam, Sohail
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10100
sentence: 479
flesch: 55
cache: cache/files-131.pdf
txt: txt/files-131.txt
title:
  An empirical testing of comparative efficiency of static and dynamic factor models towards stock returns’ predictability in capital market of Pakistan

summary:
  The results of the hit rates and out-of-sample forecasting technique suggest that dynamic factor model is the best multivariate time series forecasting model in the Pakistani context. The apprehensions pertaining to the forecasting ability of the static factor models paves way for the emergence of the use of dynamic factor models.


id: files-142
author: Khan, Romy ; Ahmad, Sajjad
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10121
sentence: 456
flesch: 43
cache: cache/files-142.pdf
txt: txt/files-142.txt
title:
  A Quest for Viable Economic Model for Peshawar Pakistan- Using Etzkowitz Conceptual Framework of Triple Helix Model

summary:
  For example, industry-academia-government initiates dialogue on improving the local economy and for this purpose the three helixes take their concern responsibilities, such as that university helps in producing graduates relevant for the industry; government supporting new plant construction as well as financing industry research. The academic role comes in the form of establishment of entrepreneurship research centers that produce knowledge based spin-offs and conduct industry specific research.


id: files-149
author: Nasir, Hamna; Fatima, Ambreen ; Alam, Shaista
title: Exploring the Approaches to Measure the Value of Household Work: An Experience from Pakistan
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10790
sentence: 399
flesch: 53
cache: cache/files-149.pdf
txt: txt/files-149.txt
summary:
  He noted that the time allocated to non-market work (household work) worth more (if its economic value is estimated) for economic welfare than market time. The purpose of this research is twofold - to gain an understanding of the nature of non-market work performed by individuals in Pakistan and to estimate the economic worth/value of that work.


id: files-21
author: Uddin, Mian Nasir; Tariq, Muhammad; khan, Saleem
title: A cointegration analysis between macroeconomic variables and fiscal deficit in Pakistan
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3279
sentence: 201
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-21.pdf
txt: txt/files-21.txt
summary:
  Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume. 2, Issue 1 (2018) 37-46 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.214 37 Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies (JAEBS) Journal homepage: https://jaebs.com ISSN (Print): 2523-2614 ISSN (Online) 2663-693X A cointegration analysis between macroeconomic variables and fiscal deficit in Pakistan Mian Nasir Uddin1, Muhammad Tariq2* & Saleem Khan31 1 MS Scholar, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. This paper estimates the short and long run association between selected macroeconomic variables and fiscal deficit in Pakistan for the period of 1985 to 2016.


id: files-182
author: Arshad, Saman; Khurram, Sobia
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10416
sentence: 429
flesch: 44
cache: cache/files-182.pdf
txt: txt/files-182.txt
title:
  Development of Citizens’ Trust through Social Media Platforms in a Public Food Standards Agency in Pakistan: Role of Transparency and Responsiveness

summary:
  The problem of citizens’ mistrust in government institutions has been prevailing in various countries around the world. Nowadays, government institutions attempt to curb this issue by narrowing the gap of communication with citizens through online channels such as social media, which allows citizens to access timely and authentic information.


id: files-181
author: Khan, Assad Ullah ; Shah, Anwar
title: Do Regulations on Smoking Limit Cigarette Demand? An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10438
sentence: 594
flesch: 51
cache: cache/files-181.pdf
txt: txt/files-181.txt
summary:
  This report calls for government, policy makers and researchers to design policies that raises cigarette prices through taxation, restrict cigarette smoking in public places so that demand for cigarette may be reduced substantially. Literature gives mixed and inconclusive results concerning the effect of taxes (cigarette price) and regulations on cigarette smoking (non-price public restrictions) on cigarette demand.


id: files-214
author: Afridi, Ghulam Sadiq ; Ishaq, Muhammad ; Jabbar, Abdul
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4704
sentence: 273
flesch: 69
cache: cache/files-214.pdf
txt: txt/files-214.txt
title:
  Food Security Assessment in Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Empirical Analysis of Dietary Diversity, Current and Project Food Demand and Supply-Demand Gap

summary:
  Linear Approximate-Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) model was used for estimating food demand elasticities through Zellner’s Seemingly Unrelated Regression by using STATA software. This research study was the ever firs attempt to analyze household food demand as no study prior to this could be found in this neglected area.


id: files-165
author: Hassan, Faiza ; Hina, Hafsa ; Qayyum, Abdul ; Hussain, Anwar
title: Role of Education in Economic Growth of Pakistan: A Sectoral Analysis
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12365
sentence: 616
flesch: 52
cache: cache/files-165.pdf
txt: txt/files-165.txt
summary:
  The problem with using average years of schooling as a proxy for education level or human capital is that it does not differentiate between an additional year of higher education and elementary education levels. The results of the short-run effects of education levels on the output per employed person in the agriculture sector derived by fitting the ARDL model is given below in Table 1 along with the summary of diagnostic tests to check the accuracy of the model.


id: files-151
author: Ilyas, Rubina
title: Energy consumption: The importance of institutional quality in Pakistan
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11568
sentence: 685
flesch: 61
cache: cache/files-151.pdf
txt: txt/files-151.txt
summary:
  The analysis reveals that institutional quality has significant positive impact on energy consumption. Hence, including institutional quality as a determinant of energy consumption will provide useful insights to analyze the extent to which Pakistan’s energy consumption is affected by its institutional quality.


id: files-213
author: Mahmood, Tahir; Muluk, Afaq Ali ; Zubair, Seema
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5974
sentence: 339
flesch: 60
cache: cache/files-213.pdf
txt: txt/files-213.txt
title:
  Afghanistan’s Food Security: Evidence from Pakistan and Afghanistan Wheat Price Transmission using Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM))

summary:
  This mean that Pakistan wheat flour price is found to be the driving the price of the Afghanistan wheat flour price. This implies that Pakistan wheat flour price follows Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume.


id: files-232
author: Altelbany, Shady
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4185
sentence: 205
flesch: 52
cache: cache/files-232.pdf
txt: txt/files-232.txt
title:
  Evaluation of Ridge, Elastic Net and Lasso Regression Methods in Precedence of Multicollinearity Problem: A Simulation Study

summary:
  2.2 Lasso Regression: They broadly used lasso regression approaches in handling with big databases, such as those used in drug discovery, where efficient and quick algorithms are required (Hastie and Friedman, 2010) Multicollinearity has the potential to produce inaccurate regression coefficient choices, increase regression coefficient standard errors, deflate partial t-tests for regression coefficients, produce wrong, non-significant p-values, and minimize model predictability.


id: files-22
author: Begum, Nabeela; Iqbal, Javed ; Hina
title: Socio economic determinants of child labour in selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5761
sentence: 290
flesch: 61
cache: cache/files-22.pdf
txt: txt/files-22.txt
summary:
  Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume. 2, Issue 1 (2018) 47-60 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.215 47 Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies (JAEBS) Journal homepage: https://jaebs.com ISSN (Print): 2523-2614 ISSN (Online): 2663-693X Socio economic determinants of child labour in selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Nabeela Begum1*, Javed Iqbal2 & Hina31 1BS Student, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. This study examines the determinants of child labour in Mardan and Nowshera districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.


id: files-23
author: Hayat, Maqsood; Khan, Shehzad
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5266
sentence: 313
flesch: 48
cache: cache/files-23.pdf
txt: txt/files-23.txt
title:
  Impact of corporate social responsibility guidelines 2013 on the extent of the corporate social responsibility activities and disclosures in Pakistan

summary:
  ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of CSR guidelines 2013 on the level of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) activities and their disclosure in Pakistan. Both the pre and post CSR guidelines are compared, and the change is calculated.


id: files-175
author: Jamshaid, Namra; Arshad, Sadia
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 40
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 14729
sentence: 801
flesch: 43
cache: cache/files-175.pdf
txt: txt/files-175.txt
title:
  Suffering Silence While Exposed to Workplace Bullying: The Role of Psychological Contract Violation, Benevolent Behavior and Positive Psychological Capital

summary:
  employee silence relationship via PCV. Employee voice behavior: A meta‐analytic test of the conservation of resources framework.


id: files-210
author: Sohail, Fauzia; Fatima, , Ambreen ; Khattak, Sanam Wagma
title: Inflation Dynamics in Pakistan
date: 2021-09-30
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9115
sentence: 458
flesch: 60
cache: cache/files-210.pdf
txt: txt/files-210.txt
summary:
  Inflation is a product of extensive margin (the frequency of price change) and intensive margin (magnitude of price change). Aggregate inflation is a product of intensive margin, that is, the average magnitude of price change and an extensive margin, that is, the proportion of commodities changing prices.


id: files-215
author: Ahmed, Mumtaz ; Younas, Muhammad Zeeshan ; Shabbir, Raja Waqas
title: Socio-Economic and Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdown on Students Learning in Pakistan
date: 2021-12-30
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9680
sentence: 443
flesch: 54
cache: cache/files-215.pdf
txt: txt/files-215.txt
summary:
  However, to the best of our knowledge, no prior study exists for Pakistan on this issue covering wider dimensions of COVID-19 lockdown and its impact Mumtaz Ahmed, Muhammad Zeeshan Younas & Raja Waqas Shabbir 16 on students including economic and mental health conditions during the lockdown. Our study examines the impact of COVID-19 on student education in Pakistan further consolidates the facts established in the literature review section.


id: files-25
author: Asghar, Ali; Kalim, Rukhsana
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5256
sentence: 272
flesch: 45
cache: cache/files-25.pdf
txt: txt/files-25.txt
title:
  The Role of Institutions in the Economic Sustainability of Global Value Chains: A Transcendental Phenomenological Analysis of Pakistani Apparel Industry

summary:
  The primary research questions outline by the study are: What role government institutions play in the economic sustainability of global value chains? In this regard, the personal statement by the principal researcher himself is given below: By clearing my mind through the epoche process, I recall my personal and professional experiences related to the industry, government institutions, global value chains, and their relationship.


id: files-29
author: Bibi, Rashida ; Ahmad, Fayaz ; Aamir, Muhammad
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4839
sentence: 253
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-29.pdf
txt: txt/files-29.txt
title:
  An empirical analysis of the impact of working capital management on the firm performance in cement and ceramics industry of Pakistan- A panel approach

summary:
  The study sets the target to know about the impact of working capital management on the value of the cement and ceramics industry of Pakistan. Therefore, through the help of this measure, the definite impact of working capital management (WCM) on the performance of WCM can be explored.


id: files-28
author: Imran, Muhammad ; Rafiq, Muhammad ; Imranullah
title: A Spatiotemporal Approach to Measure Impact of Factors of Production on Innovations
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6271
sentence: 322
flesch: 52
cache: cache/files-28.pdf
txt: txt/files-28.txt
summary:
  Ostensibly, service sector has higher share to the aggregate value-added production in the country than manufacturing sector, and reasonably service sector utilizes higher number of both factors of production. The Model This study assumes that each of the isolated location, lined up in a continuous space, is composed of manufacturing sector or service sector; both sectors utilize labour and capital to produce value-added products.


id: files-24
author: Khan, Sohail Alam; Tariq, Muhammad ; Gul, Brekhna
title: Estimating the role of money supply in determining aggregate investment in Pakistan
date: 2018-12-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6386
sentence: 326
flesch: 65
cache: cache/files-24.pdf
txt: txt/files-24.txt
summary:
  Gertler and Grinols (1982) also found that money supply affected investment. Table 2: Regression results of investment model with M1 and M2 𝐼𝐶 = 𝛼0 + 𝛼1 𝑀𝑠 𝐶 + 𝛼2𝐺𝐷𝑃𝑟 𝐶 + 𝛼3𝑆 𝐶 + 𝛼4𝐹𝑑𝑖 𝐶 + 𝑒𝑖 𝑀1𝐶 𝑀2𝐶 Independent variables Coefficient St. Error Independent variables Coefficient St. Error 𝑀1𝐶 0.168226** 0.261576 𝑀2𝐶 0.010450** 0.029145 𝐺𝐷𝑃𝑟𝐶 20360.02** 9159.402 𝐺𝐷𝑃𝑟𝐶 21128.15** 10846.15 𝑆𝐶 16157.39 7837.185 𝑆𝐶 16273.18**


id: files-265
author: Shah, Syed Arif Hussain ; Shah, Tazeem Ali ; Ullah, Abrar; Yasir, Muhammad
title: Workplace Deviance in Public Sector Organizations: Evidence from Pakistan
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6089
sentence: 400
flesch: 46
cache: cache/files-265.pdf
txt: txt/files-265.txt
summary:
  Scholars view that deviant workplace behaviors can be controlled when the factors that affect workplace deviance are properly understood. Section one identifies the level of workplace deviance prevailing in the public sector hospitals of Pakistan, for which data was collected from 219 respondents in the understudy sector.


id: files-313
author: Afridi, Ghulam Sadiq; Jabbar, Abdul ; Khan, Shahzad ; Akmal, Nadeem
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5256
sentence: 233
flesch: 48
cache: cache/files-313.pdf
txt: txt/files-313.txt
title:
  An Analysis of Food Insecurity in Pakistan: Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) and Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)

summary:
  Many different indicators have been used during the last 30 years to provide information on household food insecurity, but none existed that combined the properties of validity, reliability and cross-country and over-time comparability. The highly significant report on Poverty and Hunger by World Bank Report (World Bank, 1986) focused on temporal dynamics of food insecurity (Clay, 2002).


id: files-27
author: Khan, Sami Ullah; Khan, Zahoor ; Hameed, Gulnaz
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7668
sentence: 402
flesch: 55
cache: cache/files-27.pdf
txt: txt/files-27.txt
title:
  Efficiency Assessment of Public Education & Health Sector in Selected Middle-Income Countries with Special Reference to Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

summary:
  Public sector efficiency: An international comparison. Public sector efficiency: Evidence for new EU member states and emerging markets.


id: files-289
author: Chishti, Muhammad Zubair; Hussain, Babar ; Khursheed, Muhammad Aqib
title: Impact of Institutional Quality on Bilateral Exports: Exploring the role of Development
date: 2021-06-29
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8204
sentence: 422
flesch: 45
cache: cache/files-289.pdf
txt: txt/files-289.txt
summary:
  Institutional homogeniety is very important if we have high institutional quality countries in our sample, i.e if the institutional quality of both countries are equally low or relatively low then we can measure the effect of institutional differences on bilateral exports and able to say that improvent in institutional quality will increase the bilateral exports but if the both countries already have high institutional quality at maximum level but different then it is not possible to improve further the quality of institutions because it not reveals that in which path the rule would be improved. If the quality of institution is poor it leads political instability, attract more corruption and the flawed rule of law which increase the uncertainty about expected gain from international transaction thus discourage international trade (Bandyopadhayay and Roy, 2016 Institutional homogeneities are a more important factor than the simple quality of institutions for bilateral trade; thus, the homogeneous quality of institutions positively affects the bilateral trade (Islam and Reshef 2006; de Groot et al. 2004).


id: files-321
author: Irshad, Shoaib; Irshad, Sadia ; Kashif, Sadaf
date: 2021-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7114
sentence: 328
flesch: 44
cache: cache/files-321.pdf
txt: txt/files-321.txt
title:
  University Teachers’ perspective on HEC’s Faculty Appointment Criteria: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis

summary:
  Therefore, this study will be focused to review the different themes associated with faculty appointment criteria, perspectives of faculty members associated with these criteria and the problems which the faculty members are facing owing to these criteria. Addressing faculty’s dissatisfaction with faculty appointment criteria, the present study investigates the faculty’s perspectives to unearth the problems they face in their professional growth.


id: files-417
author: Azam, Muhammad ; Khan , Zafir Ullah ; Zubair, Muhammad
title: Dynamic Institutions Quality and Sustainable Development: Evidence from Developing Countries
date: 2021-12-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4695
sentence: 279
flesch: 36
cache: cache/files-417.pdf
txt: txt/files-417.txt
summary:
  GDP per capita is positively related to sustainable economic development. Law and order show a negative impact on sustainable economic development of developing countries.


id: files-315
author: Rehman, Zia ur; Khan, Asad; Khuhro, Rafique Ahmed; Khan, Abdul Ghafoor
title: Product Line Diversification and Its Impact on Firm Performance
date: 2021-09-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6457
sentence: 352
flesch: 45
cache: cache/files-315.pdf
txt: txt/files-315.txt
summary:
  Third, this study helps in providing important information that will help policy makers at government and institutional level in forming polices aimed at incentivizing or disincentivizing product diversification, grouping, firm size, non-life diversification, competitive policies and capitalization that will greatly help in improving the financial performance of insurance firms. Hoyt and Trieschmann (1991) were most probably the first researchers to study the impact of strategic focus and diversification on insurance firms.


id: files-280
author: Noman, Muhammad ; Fatima , Ambreen ; Mujahid, Nooreen
title: Safety Performance and Occupational Injuries of Workers (OIW): A DEA Efficiency Analysis
date: 2021-06-29
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7285
sentence: 403
flesch: 48
cache: cache/files-280.pdf
txt: txt/files-280.txt
summary:
  On the other side, the services sector is not only doing good in terms of productivity yet also performing better in terms of safety performance (Rodwell & Toe, 2008) as compared to the traditional and manufacturing sectors. These insights demand the implementation of a holistic framework with a comprehensive analysis of safety performance at the sectoral level so that the efficient sectors can be highlighted.


id: files-394
author: Ahmed, Shabbir; Fatima, Ambreen
title: Impact of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer on Inter-Provincial Fiscal Disparity in Pakistan
date: 2022-03-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6182
sentence: 279
flesch: 47
cache: cache/files-394.pdf
txt: txt/files-394.txt
summary:
  An important aspect of the study is that it will help us to identify the existing position of inter-provincial fiscal disparity and how the regional government responses to intergovernmental fiscal transfer to reduce fiscal disparity. While the overall federal transfers through the NFC award increase from 5.5percent to 6.3percent of GDP during the same award (Fiscal operation, 2020) Though intergovernmental fiscal transfers play an important role to improve the fiscal Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume. 6, Issue 1 (2022) 109-126 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.615 111 health of the sub-national governments, however, these transfers are expected to influence directly the fiscal behavior of the regional government.


id: files-377
author: Atta ur Rahman; Shandana; Taskeen Qazi, Laila; Khan, Adnan
date: 2021-09-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6575
sentence: 358
flesch: 46
cache: cache/files-377.pdf
txt: txt/files-377.txt
title:
  Digital Divide, Socio-Economic Outcomes and Subjective Well-Being in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

summary:
  This research examines the relationship between internet usage, socio- economic outcomes, and subjective well-being. In Cox regression the gender, education, major, subjective wellbeing (SWB), positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) are significantly affecting the duration of internet usage.


id: files-332
author: Zaman, Sumia Bint ; Ishaq, Muhammad; Niazi , Muhammad Azam
title: Contribution of Agriculture Sector in Economic Growth of Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis
date: 2021-06-29
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7015
sentence: 481
flesch: 53
cache: cache/files-332.pdf
txt: txt/files-332.txt
summary:
  Findings also pointed out that economic growth can also be independent of agriculture sector growth, but this cannot be generalized. 2.1. This study was designed to statistically test the contribution of agriculture sector in economic growth of Pakistan through estimation of relationship between agriculture sector and Pakistan’s economic growth using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test and Error Correction Model (ECM).


id: files-334
author: Sheikh , Muhammad Ramzan ; Rauf, Misbah ; Hussain , Irfan ; Abbas, Asad
date: 2021-06-29
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6719
sentence: 477
flesch: 61
cache: cache/files-334.pdf
txt: txt/files-334.txt
title:
  Trade Liberalization and Labor Demand Elasticities: A Firm-Level Analysis of Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector

summary:
  Rodrik also emphasized that labor demand elasticity goes up by opening trade and it also increases the output level and made the domestic market more competitive. The study provides the impact of trade liberalization on labor demand elasticity in Pakistan.


id: files-312
author: Athar, Hafiz Muhammad ; Chughtai, Sumayya
date: 2021-06-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6859
sentence: 371
flesch: 51
cache: cache/files-312.pdf
txt: txt/files-312.txt
title:
  Impact of Bank-Specific, Corporate Governance and Environmental Factors on Bank Efficiency and Profitability in Pakistan

summary:
  The models represent the impact of the non-performing loans, deposits, loans, capitalization, bank size, the board size, CEO duality, women participation on the board, level of involvement of women on board in other committees, ownership structure, corporate social responsibility index on bank performance. Broadly, there are two factors affecting bank performance i.e. internal and external.


id: files-373
author: Khan, Bashir Khan; Ghulam Mustafa; Nawaz , Ahmad
date: 2021-09-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7104
sentence: 279
flesch: 46
cache: cache/files-373.pdf
txt: txt/files-373.txt
title:
  Flourishing The Higher Education in Pakistan: An Exploratory Analysis of The Role of Higher Education Commission (HEC)

summary:
  the former is extracted from various relevant reports published by HEC, and Government of Pakistan about the range of indicators which includes information of HEC reforms, higher education enrollment, establishment of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), faculty hiring, PhD produced, and some other indicators which measure the achievement of HEC. However, these figures demonstrate the positive impacts of HEC policies to flourish higher education in Pakistan.


id: files-388
author: Zahid, Gulrukh; Fatima, Ambreen
title: Female Unemployment Duration in Pakistan – A Survival Analysis
date: 2022-09-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6910
sentence: 346
flesch: 55
cache: cache/files-388.pdf
txt: txt/files-388.txt
summary:
  Specifically, the study will examine the role of age, education, gender, family size, children and other characteristics as determinants of unemployment duration. Enormous individual-level data of Romania and Hungary was examined by Daniela et al.(2012) and highlighted the impact of socio-economic variables such as marital status, education, health status, age, region and unemployment allowance on employment status and unemployment duration for women and indicated that for women unemployment duration and age is a significant variable.


id: files-248
author: Shafiq, Hina; Malik, Wasim Shahid
title: Asset Prices and Velocity Decline: An Empirical Investigation
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10587
sentence: 531
flesch: 60
cache: cache/files-248.pdf
txt: txt/files-248.txt
summary:
  The coefficient on real asset prices (β) will indicate the direction and magnitude of the effect of asset prices in explaining income velocity of money. Abstract The quantity theory of money lost much of its significance in 1980s due to the phenomenon of velocity decline and consequent instability of the money demand function; missing financial transactions and asset prices were believed to be responsible (Borio, Kennedy and Prowse, 1994; and Werner, 2012).


id: files-421
author: Ullah, Sajid ; Zahid, Muhammad ; Saad, Muhammad ; Fayaz, Muhammad
date: 2021-12-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6552
sentence: 418
flesch: 52
cache: cache/files-421.pdf
txt: txt/files-421.txt
title:
  Corporate governance and shareholders’ confidence: A pre-post analysis of corporate governance code 2017 in Pakistan

summary:
  Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume. 5, Issue 4 (2021) 41-58 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.543 41 Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies (JAEBS) Journal homepage: https://pepri.edu.pk/jaebs ISSN (Print): 2523-2614 ISSN (Online) 2663-693X Corporate governance and shareholders’ confidence: A pre-post analysis of corporate governance code 2017 in Pakistan Sajid Ullah1, Muhammad Zahid2, Muhammad Fayaz3 & Muhammad Saad4 1 Department of Management Sciences, City University of Science & IT Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 2 Department of Management Sciences, City University of Science & IT Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 3 Ph.D. Fellow, Sarhad University of Science & IT, Peshawar 4 Institute of Management Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the impact of the recently introduced Corporate Governance Code (CGC) of the Security Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) on shareholders' confidence. This study examines the Pre and post analyses of corporate governance code (SECP, 2017) and its effect on shareholder confidence.


id: files-407
author: Rafiq, Muhammad ; Khan, Luqman ; Khan, Munir
title: Welfare Impact of Dust Pollution on Human Health in the District Khyber Ex-FATA, Pakistan
date: 2022-06-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6928
sentence: 405
flesch: 58
cache: cache/files-407.pdf
txt: txt/files-407.txt
summary:
  This study aims to estimate the health cost due to dust pollution from a stone crushing industry in the Khyber district of ex-fata, Pakistan. The Household Production Function and Mitigation Cost Function were used to determine the reduced-form equations for assessing the impact of dust pollution on human health and then estimating the monetary cost related to mitigating such diseases.


id: files-26
author: Ullah, Hamid; Shah, Attaullah ; Shah, Syed Hamid Ali
date: 2019-12-30
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10585
sentence: 625
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-26.pdf
txt: txt/files-26.txt
title:
  Do Capital Markets Punish Tunneling Behaviour of Business Groups? Agency Perspective of Related Party Transactions

summary:
  So, group firms with more RPTs are expected to be negatively responded by the capital markets. Second, this study adds to the tunneling literature and especially to the existing small number of studies that have reported a consistent decline in the financial performance of group firms and reported expropriations in the Pakistani context such as Ghani et al., (2005), Karacaer et al., (2009), and Bhutta and Suleman (2016), however, they could not identify the tools that facilitate expropriations.


id: files-447
author: Khan, Jahangir; Shah, Syed Attaullah; Saddozai, Khurram Nawaz ; Khanal, Aditya R.
date: 2021-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3959
sentence: 191
flesch: 58
cache: cache/files-447.pdf
txt: txt/files-447.txt
title:
  Investigating the Effect of Contingent Valuation Question Formats on Households’ Willingness to Pay for Pesticides Free Fruits in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

summary:
  Findings of this split-sample study reveals that results of contingent valuation method are sensitive to WTP question format and recommends that proper guidelines must be followed in order to get accurate and reliable results. Findings of this split samples study recommends that results of contingent valuation method are sensitive to WTP question format and the adoption of suitable WTP question’s format depends on the sample size of the respondents and their awareness for such studies.


id: files-383
author: Haneef, Kashif; Iftikhar, Syed Faizan ; Fatima, Ambreen
date: 2022-03-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9027
sentence: 508
flesch: 55
cache: cache/files-383.pdf
txt: txt/files-383.txt
title:
  Crowding Out Effect of Tobacco Usage on Household Education and Health Expenditures - An Econometric Analysis

summary:
  Number of observations 24238 8083 16155 F-Test 28.05 8.86 20.36 Joint Significance-Consumer Separability Test 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.2 Assessing Crowding Out Effect on Health Similarly, table 4.2 and 4.3 discussed the impact of household tobacco expenditure on health share along with other control variables, using Engel curve and without Engel curve respectively. The relationship between SEP/SOL and tobacco consumption has been glowingly recognized, but the deviations in SEP/SOL regarding household tobacco outlay has received inadequate response.


id: files-247
author: Khan, Abbas; Khan, Muhammad Yar; Khan, Abdul Qayyum
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11890
sentence: 739
flesch: 61
cache: cache/files-247.pdf
txt: txt/files-247.txt
title:
  Do the electricity price shocks influence the Sectoral Production and KSE100 Index in Pakistan? An ARDL structural breaks approach

summary:
  This research investigates the long-term cointegration of electricity price with sectoral production and equity market in Pakistan. This study analyzes various industrial sectors in Pakistan thus helping the policy makers and concerned reader and researcher to get comprehensive information about a relationship with electricity prices.


id: files-39
author: Awalluddin, Muhammad Aiman
title: Cross-Cultural Issues and Human Resources Management in BRIC Countries
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10579
sentence: 684
flesch: 44
cache: cache/files-39.pdf
txt: txt/files-39.txt
summary:
  The very conflict raised by this emphasizes the importance of ongoing examination of cross-cultural management practices to encourage the firm to establish business and human resource practices that, while globally strategic, are also sympathetic to specific markets (Fish, 1994). Cross-cultural management and ethics are used to avoid and address current issues (Greblikaite and Daugeliene, 2010).


id: files-42
author: Tauheed, Tahira ; Nasir, Muhammad
title: Educational Inequality and Inclusiveness: The Case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10699
sentence: 523
flesch: 47
cache: cache/files-42.pdf
txt: txt/files-42.txt
summary:
  In the present study to estimate the provincial or district level education index and inequality adjusted education index the general means are utilized for aggregation of household education indices based on (Foster, et al., 2005). Based on aggregated data, a few studies including Jamal (2016) and Pakistan National Human Development Index Report (NHDIR) (2017) elaborate on the potential level of education (represented by education indices) at the national, provincial, and district levels1.


id: files-488
author: Saddaf, Nabila ; Mehmood, Muhammad Tariq ; Pitafi, Adnan ; Husain, Shahbaz
title: Government Trust as a Significant Determinant of Tax Compliance: A Study of Pakistan
date: 2022-06-30
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4047
sentence: 311
flesch: 57
cache: cache/files-488.pdf
txt: txt/files-488.txt
summary:
  300 individuals were taken as sample from Pakistan to study the relationship between variables of government trust, tax compliance and tax justice perception. Tax justice perception plays the role of mediator through government trust to enhance tax compliance.


id: files-434
author: Gohar, Madiha; Abrar, Ayesha
date: 2022-06-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9276
sentence: 404
flesch: 48
cache: cache/files-434.pdf
txt: txt/files-434.txt
title:
  An Exploration of Women Owned Home-based Business Through Institutional Theory Lens: A Case of Peshawar, Pakistan

summary:
  Further at family level women felt that after financial independence they are heard in the household. The reality in this case is understood to be subjective and it is function of interpretation (Burrell & Morgan, 1979).For contextual understanding it is pertinent to opt for a qualitative approach (Burg et al., 2020), both of the authors belong to the same culture and they prefer to indulge in conversation with women entrepreneurs, resulting in better understanding of the researcher’s interest.


id: files-468
author: Masoga, Marius; Kumalo, Thabang; Qeqe, Bekithemba; Naape, Baneng
title: Do Energy Prices drive Inflation in South Africa? An unrestricted VAR Approach
date: 2022-06-30
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5227
sentence: 281
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-468.pdf
txt: txt/files-468.txt
summary:
  Therefore, intensifying the existing literature pertaining to energy prices and transmission to inflation rate in South Africa. The views of neoclassical economics reverberate the monetarists theory that attribute inflation rate to excessive growth in exogenous money supply.


id: files-392
author: Saeed, Asma; Ullah, Mehrin Zaid
title: Productivity and Export Performance of Emerging Asian Economies
date: 2021-12-30
pages: 38
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12555
sentence: 659
flesch: 59
cache: cache/files-392.pdf
txt: txt/files-392.txt
summary:
  ABSTRACT This study estimates the effect of productivity on export performance of selected sectors and countries. The study uses Auto Regressive Distributed Lag technique to estimate the effect of productivity on export performance of agricultural and manufacturing sectors of emerging Asian economies over the period of 1990 to 2016.


id: files-43
author: Nawaz, Faiza ; Mukhtar, Muska ; Rahman, Atta ur
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8749
sentence: 439
flesch: 54
cache: cache/files-43.pdf
txt: txt/files-43.txt
title:
  A Study of Socioeconomic Determinants of Anemia among Expecting Mothers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

summary:
  Hence, the results show that education level is greater among non-anemic expecting women and in their spouses as compared to the anemic respondents and their spouses. The condition of non-anemic respondents and their spouses are different in terms of education level.


id: files-45
author: Rahman, Haseeb Ur ; Zahid, Muhammad; Jehangir, Muhammad
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7214
sentence: 397
flesch: 52
cache: cache/files-45.pdf
txt: txt/files-45.txt
title:
  Different is Better: Does Difference in Age and Ethnicity of the Directors Matter for Corporate Performance in Malaysia?

summary:
  Boardroom ethnic equality and firm performance Under representing a different culture, ethnic directors have a low level of social interaction and informal relations with their colleagues which strengthen independence and monitoring roles of the board (Baker et al., 2020; Huo, 2016; Nguyen et al., 2015; Haseeb Ur Rahman et al., 2014; Zahid et al., 2019). Besides improving the transparency of the financial matters (Ferreira, 2010; Marimuthu & Kolandaisamy, 2009), ethnic directors also assist firms in an independent assessment of compensation and nomination of the directors (Carter et al., 2010; Salloum et al., 2017).


id: files-51
author: Safi, Naila; Haq, Zahoor Ul; Iqbal, Javed
title: Understanding internal migration in Pakistan
date: 2017-12-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4767
sentence: 303
flesch: 51
cache: cache/files-51.pdf
txt: txt/files-51.txt
summary:
  Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1 (2017) 65-76 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.117 65 Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies (JAEBS) Journal homepage: https://jaebs.com ISSN (Print): 2523-2614 ISSN (Online): 2663-693X Understanding internal migration in Pakistan Naila Safi1*, Zahoor Ul Haq2 & Javed Iqbal31 1 BS Student, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan. This study estimated the effect of socio-economic factors on internal migration for Pakistan using the Labor Force Survey data, 2013.


id: files-473
author: Rana, Abdul Wajid
title: Good Governance: Reforming Civil Service of Pakistan
date: 2022-06-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7386
sentence: 224
flesch: 21
cache: cache/files-473.pdf
txt: txt/files-473.txt
summary:
  This paper will take stock of reform efforts since 1947, contemporary approaches for public sector reform, and addressing key elements of civil service reform (CSR). Figure 6 describes the process for formulating civil service reform in the country 3.4 Objectives of Public Sector Reform Therefore, fourth generation public sector reforms for building an effective, transparent and accountable state of Pakistan must aim at: (i) establishing a professional, politically insulated, fully empowered and constitutionally mandated independent Public Service Commissions at federal and provincial levels with all appointments of Chairman and Members on the recommendations of a High Powered Selection Board; (ii) creating an inter-governmental, federal, provincial, local/district and agency civil services; (iii) creating a merit-based, politically neutral, well structured, right sized, well trained, high performing and affordable civil service at national and sub-national levels selected through competitive contemporary induction system and managed in an efficient, non- discretionary, and transparent manner; (iv) performance based annual appraisal system linked with tenured postings; (v) establishing a well-articulated and non-discretionary promotion system linked with achievements at each level; (vi) creating an effective and speedy system of internal accountability; (vii) strong and IT based public financial management system and allocation of resources fully aligned with policy priorities; (viii) establishing an equitable, efficient and accountable tax service for improved revenue performance; (ix) efficient and accountable service delivery through public-private partnership or outsourcing with full recovery of user charges; and (x) effective judiciary as well as accountability and transparency in the management of resources to discourage the use of public office for state capture and private gains.


id: files-528
author: Khan, Muhammad Asif; Akbar, Muhammad ; Hkiri , Besma ; Khan , Noman
title: Does Investor Attention Matter? Fresh evidences from Wavelet Approach
date: 2022-09-30
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4318
sentence: 248
flesch: 54
cache: cache/files-528.pdf
txt: txt/files-528.txt
summary:
  PWC for Islamic stock index vs. Investors’ Attention index | ADS index Figure 9. Chen, Tang, Yao, and Zhou (2021) used principal component analysis and partial least square methods to construct investor attention to examine stock returns.


id: files-460
author: Noor, Iqra ; Hussain, Babar ; Zahra, Umbreen
title: Remittances, Human Capital Nexus: Exploring the Role of Exchange Rate in Asia
date: 2022-09-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7817
sentence: 458
flesch: 51
cache: cache/files-460.pdf
txt: txt/files-460.txt
summary:
  Sri Lanka, f 1975- 2017, ARDL, Dicky-fuller, ECM HDI Remittances, Education expenditures, Health expenditures Remittances have positive significant impact in long-run and short-run Adenutsi (2010) Sub Saharan African countries, 1987-2007, Fixed effect HD Remittances, trade openness, inflation, education expenditures Remittances have positive significant long run impact Azam and Raza (2016) (Lower, lower middle, upper middle and high) income countries, 1996-2013, fixed effects Secondary school enrollment Remittances, GDP per capita, FDI, governance Migrant remittances have positive significant impact, remittances impact became stronger through economic governance Ngoma and Ismail (2013) Adenutsi (2010) finds that in the low-income region of SSA, migrant remittances positively and significantly affect human capital development through long run enrollment in secondary school.


id: files-495
author: Durrani, Shazia Farhat; Jan, Inayatullah; Pervez, Sidra
date: 2022-06-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6306
sentence: 386
flesch: 61
cache: cache/files-495.pdf
txt: txt/files-495.txt
title:
  Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Disaggregated Analysis

summary:
  ‘The role of renewable energy consumption in economic growth: Evidence from Asymmetric Causality’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, pp. ‘Impact of renewable and non- renewable energy consumption on economic growth: New evidence from the MENA net oil exporting countries (NOECs)’, Energy, 116(1), pp. 102-115.


id: files-452
author: Hussain, Kamil; Aftab, Saima; Chaudhry, Mahwash Ghafoor
date: 2022-03-30
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8951
sentence: 483
flesch: 42
cache: cache/files-452.pdf
txt: txt/files-452.txt
title:
  Person-Organization Fit as determinant of Constructive Deviance Behavior: the mediating role of Psychological Ownership and the moderating role of Collectivist Orientation. A Conditional Process Analysis

summary:
  2.3 Relationship between PO and CDB PO has been the focus empirical research by many researchers (Liu et al., 2012; Mayhew et al., 2007; Ozler et al., 2008; Pierce et al., 2003; Pierce et al., 2004; Sieger et al., 2011; Sieger et al., 2013). 2.2 Relationship between P-O fit and Psychological Ownership The concept of PO was presented by Pierce et al.


id: files-437
author: none
date: 2021-12-30
pages: 30
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11060
sentence: 782
flesch: 53
cache: cache/files-437.pdf
txt: txt/files-437.txt
title:
  Agriculture For Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence on Carbon Footprint in Agriculture Production, Expansion, And Trade

summary:
  2. Literature Review Current literature on agriculture sector emissions focuses on estimations or measurement of emissions (Castesana et al., 2018; Rehman et al., 2019). Only a few studies explore the factors of agriculture sector emissions.


id: files-522
author: Iqbal, Muhammad Naveed; Ihsan, Anjum ; Kakakhel, Shahid Jan
date: 2022-09-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6969
sentence: 452
flesch: 51
summary: Cotton, J. L., & Tuttle, J. M. (1986). Gelfand, M. J., Nishii, L. H., & Raver, J. L. (2006).
cache: cache/files-522.pdf
txt: txt/files-522.txt
title:
  Analyzing the Role of Workplace Vigilantism on Job Outcomes: A Study of Healthcare Professionals of Peshawar


id: files-67
author: Muhammad, Faqeer; Ullah, Kifayat; Karim, Rehmat
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6125
sentence: 353
flesch: 47
cache: cache/files-67.pdf
txt: txt/files-67.txt
title:
  Analysis of Natural Resources and Environment, Politico-Economic Conditions and their influences on Tourist Behavioural Intentions in Hunza: Mediating effect of Tourist Satisfaction

summary:
  Tourists’ characteristics and the perceived image of tourist destinations: a quantitative analysis—a case study of Lanzarote, Spain. Tourism Management, 25,623–636. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.06.004. In addition, investments in clean environment, heritage and culture are also required for tourist satisfaction.


id: files-496
author: Adenike, Egunjobi, T.
title: Creating Entrepreneurs via Social Media Platforms and Employment Generation in Nigeria
date: 2022-09-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7532
sentence: 318
flesch: 43
cache: cache/files-496.pdf
txt: txt/files-496.txt
summary:
  Findings revealed that in Nigeria, social media can promote on-line trading and create a source of livelihood for youths though, the enormous potentials of doing business through social media platforms locally and internationally are fairly explored. Such opportunities include the use of mobile technologies, internet facilities, computing and social media platforms (Oestreicher-Singer and Zdalmanson, 2013).


id: files-47
author: Farooq, Sheikh Muhammad Umer ; Mumtaz, Muhammad Zubair
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9267
sentence: 408
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-47.pdf
txt: txt/files-47.txt
title:
  Examining the Relationship Between Banking Competition and Solvency, Liquidity and Credit Risks in Pakistan

summary:
  Lerner Index is used as a proxy for bank competition and its value ranges between zero and one. How does bank competition affect solvency, liquidity, and credit Risk?


id: files-50
author: Khan, Amna ; Zubair, Syed Sohaib ; Khurram, Sobia ; Khan, Mukaram Ali
title: Service Quality Dimensions and Customer Satisfaction in online shopping: A customer’s perspective
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8878
sentence: 453
flesch: 51
cache: cache/files-50.pdf
txt: txt/files-50.txt
summary:
  Results highlight that among E- SQ dimensions, Reliability has the highest influence on customer satisfaction; therefore, online shopping stores should regard it as their utmost priority to enhance Reliability by developing stringent marketing strategy focusing on time management, customer services and transactions based on authenticity and accuracy every time a customer uses the platform. The significance of service quality and the challenges faced by the e-services makes it necessary to gather insights about what factors customers utilize in the evaluation of online service quality.


id: files-472
author: Obaid, Rahema ; Ahmed, Tehseen; Davies, Stephen ; Rana, Abdul Wajid
date: 2022-03-30
pages: 32
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11464
sentence: 491
flesch: 56
cache: cache/files-472.pdf
txt: txt/files-472.txt
title:
  Cost of Nutritious Diet for Children in Pakistan and Effects of Imminent Afghan Refugees on Existing Consumption Pattern

summary:
  We estimate the decrease in dietary expenditures coming from an increase in food prices after the refugees’ influx. The major objective of this study is to understand the impact of food prices on the potential to consume a nutritious diet for all five income quintiles.


id: files-58
author: Fraz, Ahmad; Hassan, Arshad ; Chughtai, Sumayya
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8785
sentence: 434
flesch: 53
cache: cache/files-58.pdf
txt: txt/files-58.txt
title:
  Does Economic Integration Affect the Co-movement between Financial Markets? Evidence from Pakistani equity market with its global partners

summary:
  This log transformation of the ratio of explained portion (of returns using market bilateral country return and world index return) versus unexplained variance component (of returns using market bilateral country return and world index return) of the returns. The integration between the capital markets is an important domain in financial economics that covers various facets of the interrelationship across equity markets.


id: files-480
author: Khan, Amin; Khan, Muhammad Zubair; Khan, Zafir Ullah
title: Comparative Analysis of Private Equity Investments in Europe and the Asia-Pacific Region
date: 2022-03-30
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8950
sentence: 513
flesch: 53
cache: cache/files-480.pdf
txt: txt/files-480.txt
summary:
  As Figure 3 shows that interest rates fluctuate more in Asian context and the fluctuation goes against the fluctuation in PE investment in Figure 2 or in other words interest rates push PE investments in its opposite direction. For example, Asia-Pacific region experienced PE investment twice than its European counterpart in 2015.


id: files-56
author: Ullah, Hamid; Shah, Hamid Ali ; Khan, Sajjad Ahmad
date: 2021-03-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8500
sentence: 566
flesch: 64
cache: cache/files-56.pdf
txt: txt/files-56.txt
title:
  Tax Aggressiveness, Tunneling and Firm Value: Interactive Effect of Corporate Governance in Business Groups

summary:
  More specifically, the study investigates the relationship between firms TA, tunnelling and value of firm. This study extends the literature on tax aggressiveness (TA) from agency perspectives in the rarely discussed case of group firms.


id: files-89
author: Raza, Syed Hassan
title: Cohort risk sharing in Pakistan: Relative wage and consumption movements over time
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7088
sentence: 330
flesch: 55
cache: cache/files-89.pdf
txt: txt/files-89.txt
summary:
  Similarly, it is easy to find that consumption insurance also suggests 𝛽=0 in first difference regression specifications of the form 𝑙𝑜𝑔�̂�𝑖𝑡 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔�̂�𝑖𝑠 = 𝛼𝑡 + 𝛽(𝑋𝑖𝑡 −𝑋𝑖𝑠) Attanasio and Davis (1996) concluded failure of consumption insurance in the long run, but we conclude that people tend to smooth more over the longer period of time; hence, our empirical findings substantially differ in the context of Pakistan.


id: files-77
author: Hussain, Mahreen; Zeeshan, Mahwish; Chaudhry, Abid Ghafoor
title: Mobilising Social Capital in Healthcare Industry of Pakistan
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7398
sentence: 437
flesch: 44
cache: cache/files-77.pdf
txt: txt/files-77.txt
summary:
  Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies, Volume. 4, Issue 2 (2020) 101-118 https://doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.425 101 Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies (JAEBS) Journal homepage: https://pepri.edu.pk/jaebs ISSN (Print): 2523-2614 ISSN (Online) 2663-693X Mobilising Social Capital in Healthcare Industry of Pakistan Mahreen Hussain1, Mahwish Zeeshan2& Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry3 1Senior Assistant Director, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority, Islamabad 2Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, PMAS-AUUR 3 Chairman/Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, PMAS-AAUR ABSTRACT This study intended to learn the mobilization of social capital for the access to better health care facilities emphasizing the role of religiosity culture and social identity. Social capital was limited to religiosity culture and the social identity using the bonding and bridging concepts for this study.


id: files-69
author: Naseem, Imran ; Imran, Saima ; Tahir, Muhammad ; Saeed, Bilal Bin
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8627
sentence: 394
flesch: 54
cache: cache/files-69.pdf
txt: txt/files-69.txt
title:
  A Descriptive Analysis of Research Culture in Pakistan with Contextual Reference to Management Sciences

summary:
  The study takes on to gauge evolution of research culture in Pakistan with special focus to management sciences. This is why we assume it appropriate to explore research culture in Pakistan.


id: files-73
author: Ullah, Abrar ; Bin Baharun, Rohaizat; Yasir, Muhammad; MD Nor, Khalil
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10050
sentence: 564
flesch: 57
cache: cache/files-73.pdf
txt: txt/files-73.txt
title:
  Enterprise Resource Planning Systems and User Performance in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

summary:
  Consistent with previous research the influence of information quality on perceived usefulness (Alfarraj et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2015), perceived ease of use (Abugabah et al., 2015; Rana et al., 2015; Zhou, 2011) and user satisfaction (Chatterjee et al., 2018; Cheng, 2019; Hsu et al., 2015; Lin, 2010; Masrek et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 2019; Tam et al., 2016; Urbach et al., 2010) is confirmed. Moreover, previous researchers found that IQ is a key predictor of user satisfaction (Chen et al., 2015; Cheng, 2019; Floropoulos et al., 2010; Hsu et al., 2015; Landrum et al., 2010; Lin, 2010; Masrek et al., 2016; Mohammadi, 2015b; Noorman Masrek et al., 2010; Shahibi et al., 2016; Tam et al., 2016).


id: files-81
author: Ali, Shahid; Jabeen, Maryam ; Qazi, Laila Taskeen ; Jabeen, Aisha
title: Financing Behavior of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa at Life Cycle Stages
date: 2020-09-30
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10127
sentence: 478
flesch: 54
cache: cache/files-81.pdf
txt: txt/files-81.txt
summary:
  SMEs financing needs vary substantially as they move along the stages of their business life cycle (Fort, Haltiwanger, Jarmin & Miranda, 2013). A Chi-square test is employed to measure if there is a significant association between SME's sources of capital and the age of enterprises.


id: files-97
author: Hussain, Talat; Arshed, Noman; Kalim, Rukhsana
title: An Appraisal of the Role of Islamic Banking Development and Economic Growth
date: 2020-12-31
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8632
sentence: 565
flesch: 55
cache: cache/files-97.pdf
txt: txt/files-97.txt
summary:
  Nowadays, Islamic banks present themselves as a responsible banking variant of commercial banks. The evolution of Islamic banks is transcribed to follow a completely different path rather than a coincidence for the case of conventional banks.


id: files-90
author: Idrees, Alvina Sabah ; Sarwar, Saima
date: 2020-03-30
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10380
sentence: 760
flesch: 45
cache: cache/files-90.pdf
txt: txt/files-90.txt
title:
  Entrepreneurial Behavior, Institutional Trust and National Innovation: A Macro-Level Empirical Study

summary:
  Entrepreneurial innovation, patent protection, and industry dynamics. Entrepreneurial innovation: Patent rank and marketing science.


id: files-87
author: Khan, Muhammad Zubair; Khan, Zafir Ullah; Hameed , Affan
date: 2020-06-30
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13704
sentence: 726
flesch: 50
cache: cache/files-87.pdf
txt: txt/files-87.txt
title:
  Institutions, Digitization, Innovation and Venture Capital: Evidence from Europe and the Asia-Pacific

summary:
  Explanation of VC capital investment also vary with geography as the effects of trend, ICT and uncertainty avoidance on VC investment are noticeable in the Asia-Pacific region whereas power distance is prominent in the European region. The effect of ICT on VC investments is likely to vary significantly with quality of formal institutions 2.6 ICT, informal institutions and innovation The key point in this section is that the impact of innovation on VC investment is moderated by culture of uncertainty avoidance and ICT.


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