Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 2 Issue 2 (Dec 2018), p. 192—196 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 192 Indonesian prefix ter- Ni Wayan Suastini1 Kadek Apriliani2 STIBA Saraswati Denpasar1,2 email: ennysuastini@gmail.com1 email: Lhya_avril@yahoo.co.id2 Abstract – This study deals with finding and describing the meaning and function of Indonesian prefix ter- in the investigation report. This study applied descriptive qualitative research to find out the data. The analysis was conducted by applying theory proposed by Kridalaksana (2007) about prefix ter-. After investigating the data it was found that the prefix ter- can be used to form verb, adjective and noun. The most frequently form found in the data is verb. These words express different meaning, such as state of affair (stative) which does not involve any action, as found in the verb terletak (situated), accidental or uncontrolled action, such as the verb terkunci (locked), superlative adjective which provided superlative meaning on the adjective as found in adjective terakhir (the last) and also legal term such as tersangka (the suspect) which shows that prefix ter- can be used to form the actor who does the specific action which is related to the law. Keyword: prefix ter-, meaning function, verb, noun, adjective 1. Introduction Language is the means of communication which comprises the use of words. Word as a single distinct meaningful element of writing can denote an essential part of linguistic knowledge and make up a component of grammars, and morphology. Morphology is part of linguistics that focused on the study of words, internal structure and meanings. Morphology can be defined as the part of linguistics which deals with the study of words, their internal structure and their meanings. It is also focused on how the language users understand complex words and invent new lexical items. Morphemes in morphology are the smallest units that carry meaning or fulfil some grammatical functions. A word can comprise one or more than one morphemes. Indonesian words are formed by combining root words with affixes and other combining forms. Kridalaksana (2007) defined prefixes as the affixes that added in front of the root word. Prefixes which are combined with the root words can be used to Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 2 Issue 2 (Dec 2018), p. 192—196 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 193 form word classes, such as verb, adjective, noun, numeral, etc. many Indonesian words are combination of root words and prefix to create a completely different meaning. Knowing types of affixes and how are they used is the key in understanding the meanings of the words. There are numbers of prefix used in Indonesian including prefix ter-. It can be combined with verbs, adjectives, and nouns to create a new word, either in similar word class or different one. This study focused on the analysis of prefix ter- in different word classes found in the data source to find out the meaning and function of the words that had prefix ter- on it. According to Kridalaksana (2007) affixation is a process of changing a lexeme into complex words. Affixation process occurs when a bound morpheme is placed on a free morpheme orderly. In addition, Chaer (2003) stated that affix is an element that can change the meaning, types and function of a basic word or basic form. Affixation can be done by adding prefix or suffix. Prefix is a bound morpheme which is added in the front base. One of Indonesian affixes is prefix, prefix is an affix that is placed in the front of basic word, Indonesian prefix such as prefix di-, ke- and ter- has function to to make verbs in form of passive voice. Since this study focused on the used of prefix ter, here are some function of prefix ter- according to Kridalaksana (2007). 1. Verb forming, prefix ter- can be used to form a verb when it is attached in front of the based word/root, 2. Adjective-forming, attaching prefix ter- in front of the based word or root can make an adjective, 3. Noun forming, prefix ter- can be used to form a noun. 2. Method This study is a descriptive qualitative research. With an investigation report as the data source. The data source used legal term which has specific composition and word choices. 50 pages of investigation report were chosen randomly and read carefully in order to find out words with prefix ter-. The data were collected by observation method and supported by note taking technique. It was done by reading the investigation reports carefully to find out Indonesian words with prefix ter-, after that, the words were noted down and classified based on the word class. The data were analyzed by using the theory proposed by Kridalaksana (2007). 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Forming a Verb by prefix ter- addition Prefix ter- is identical with verbs. Verbs can be derived from different kinds of roots, such as verb, noun, and adjective. Verb forms as the result of prefix ter- addition are the most frequent variation found in the data as follows. Table 1 Prefix ter- Prefix ter- + Root (verb) New form (verb) ter+tutup tertutup ter+buka terbuka ter+buat terbuat ter+catat tercatat Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 2 Issue 2 (Dec 2018), p. 192—196 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 194 ter+sebut tersebut ter+libat terlibat Prefix ter- + Root (noun) New form (verb) ter+letak terletak ter+kunci terkunci There are six verbs derived from the addition of prefix ter- to the the basic verb. Those verbs are tertutup (close), terbuka (open) and terbuat (made of), tercatat (noted), tersebut (mentioned), and terlibat (mentioned). The data showed that the words which are formed by prefix ter- mostly in form of verbs. These verbs are stative verbs which refer to a state than an action. 1. The word tertutup (closed) is formed by the addition of prefix ter- to the root verb tutup (close). The verb tertutup is a stative verb which is expressed state of affair that is something is closed. it means that something is in the state of closed. 2. The verb terbuka (opened) is formed by the addition of prefix ter- to the root verb buka (open). This verb is also a stative verb used to express that something is opened. 3. Terbuat (made) is also another stative verb derived from the addition of prefix ter- in front of the based verb buat (make). This verb is also used to express the state of affair that something is made of certain thing. 4. Tersebut (mentioned) is also another stative verb found in the data. This verb consists of prefix ter- and verb sebut (mention). This verb is used to express the state of being mentioned. 5. Terlibat (involved) is a stative verb which consists of prefix ter- and verb libat. This stative verb is also can be used to express the stative condition that is something or someone is involved on certain situation. The verbs above are formed by adding prefix ter- to the root (verb). All of the verbs are the stative verbs which are used to express the state of affair conveying actions which are not involving any actor. Since all of these words are derived from a verb these verbs showed inflectional process. These stative verbs showed that the action perform on each verbs as the state results. For example the word tercatat (noted) is the result of the state of being noted. These verbs can also be found in the sentences in form of passive sentences. The stative verb can also derive from a noun, there is a one example found in the data source that is the word terletak (situated). The bound morpheme ter- to the free morpheme letak. The root word letak (location) is in form of noun. The stative verb terletak derives from the addition of prefix ter- on the noun letak. This verb is in form of stative verb presented the state of affair as there is no action involved in the context. This verb showed derivational process since this verb involved word class changing from noun to verb by the addition of prefix ter-. The second types of verb found in data is the accidental verb. This verb presented a variety of uncontrolled, unintended, accidental actions depending on the particular context. For example, the word terkunci (locked). This verb refers to the accidental action. This verb derives from the noun kunci (key) and the addition of prefix ter- on this root changes the word class from a noun into a verb. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 2 Issue 2 (Dec 2018), p. 192—196 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 195 3.2 Forming a Noun by prefix Ter- addition Table 2 Prefix ter- + Root (verb) New form (verb) ter+sangka tersangka ter+dakwa terdakwa Prefix ter- is known as a verbal prefix, however it also can be found in the noun used for legal terms, such as terdakwa ( accused person) and tersangka (the suspect). The word terdakwa derives from the verb dakwa (accuse) as the root with the addition of prefix ter- changes the word class from verb into noun to present the one who accused, that is terdakwa. Similar with the word terdakwa, tersangka (the suspect) is also a noun derives from a verb sangka (guess) into a noun, tersangka (the suspect). These two nouns are legal term or related with the law and investigation. These nouns are derived from verbs which are also associated with the legal terms. 3.3 Forming an Adjective by prefix ter- addition Table 3 Prefix Prefix ter- + Root (noun) New form (adjective) Ter+akhir terakhir Prefix ter- + Root (adjective) New form (adjective) Ter+utama terutama Prefix ter- can be used to form an adjective. This is formed by placing prefix ter- before the adjective or another word class, such as noun as found in the data. The adjective found can be used to express the highest degree of something. This form can be used to replace Indonesian superlative word ‘paling’. The superlative word terakhir was found in the data source. This word derives from the root akhir (end) and received prefix ter- to form the superlative adjective terakhir (the very last). The addition of prefix ter- to the noun akhir shows the derivational process which is changed the noun into an adjective. The second superlative adjective found in the data source was the word terutama (superior). This word is derived from an adjective utama (main). The addition of prefix ter- on this adjective provides superlative value to this word. The word terutama is showed the inflectional process since the addition of the prefix ter- did not change the word class (root) which is remained as the adjective after the affixation. 4. Conclusion The addition of prefix ter- to the root word can be used to form different types of word classes such as noun, verb and adjectives. Prefix ter- is identical with verb because prefix ter- is commonly used to form a verb. The addition of prefix ter- to the root can convey different meaning such as state of affair (stative), accidental action, superlative adjective and also the subject/actor who does an act and serves as noun. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 2 Issue 2 (Dec 2018), p. 192—196 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 196 References Affifudin dan Saebani. (2009). 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