Microsoft Word - Jasl-17 (10).Pardede.docx Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 73 Codes mixing between buyers and mobile phone hackers in Bekasi, West Java Jannes Freddy Pardede Universitas Kristen Indonesia email: Jannefreddy@yahoo.com Abstract – This review discusses the code mixing that occurs on talks between a sales clerk and four buyers at a mobile phone shop located in a business centre in the central Bekasi, West Java. The data collection is done by recording conversations between four buyers and one the store saleswoman. Data was analysed qualitatively to obtain a comprehensive research result that aims to determine the type, level, nature, and causal factors of code interference. The results showed: (1) There are three types of code mixings that occur, namely external code-mixing, internal code-mixing and mixed code-mixing. The most common is external code-mixing, especially from English to Indonesian language. (2). The most common form of code-mixing is in the word level. (3). The cause of code interference is caused by several factors, namely the limitation factor in the mastery of vocabulary in the source language, to show the familiarity and habit factor of the speaker. Keywords: code mixing, interference, linguistics, non linguistics Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 74 1. Introduction Code-mixing often occurs in multilingual societies as well as people living in cities such as Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya. Similarly in the city of Bekasi geographically directly adjacent to the capital of our country Jakarta events code mixing is also often the case. Bekasi residents can be said to be very diverse and heterogeneous. In addition to indigenous people, residents in the city of Bekasi come from various remote homeland such as from Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and even from Papua. The population growth in Bekasi city is very significant along with the rapid growth of industrial sector both in Bekasi city and Bekasi regency which is directly adjacent to Bekasi city. The total population of Bekasi city in 2010 was 2,384,032 people increased by 14.65% to 2,733,240 inhabitants by 2015. (https://bekasikota.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/47).The diversity of tribes and the language contained in the city of Bekasi resulted in a variety of languages used by residents of Bekasi in daily communication in addition to the Indonesian language. The diversity of languages used in this communication often causes Code Mixings between Indonesian and regional languages, Indonesian language with foreign languages and also between local languages with one other regional language. For example, the use of the word 'download' in the following sentence: "Andi, have you please download the article about the event of ISIS attacks in Marawi?" Similarly in the phrase "Santi, what time Lion Air plane will take off from Kualanamu airport? "The above code mixing is called internal code-mixing because the speakers mix the foreign language elements in this case English, i.e. the word 'download' and 'take off' instead of the so-called code mix between English and English. The speakers include the element of the word 'download' in English into Indonesian instead of 'download' and 'take off'. In addition to inter-language, code mixing can also occur between different languages, from the variety of formal languages to the various informal languages, as in the following sentence. "Rina, can you explain the incident to my father 'entar' in the afternoon?" In that sentence the speaker uses the word 'entar' which is not formal rather than the more formal 'later' word. In addition to the use of languages, dialects and languages, code intervening events can occur based on place and time, as well as in markets, ports, tire factories and conference buildings. In this paper, the authors want to examine the type, nature and causes of code interference events between buyers and clerks of mobile phone shops in a shop in Bekasi, West Java. To support the study of this code mix, the author uses several theories relevant to this code mix, among them theories of bilingualism and language interference. Bilingualism or bilingualism is a situation where people can communicate in two languages [10]. The multi-ethnic condition of Indonesian society and the diversity of regional languages also resulted in the tendency of Indonesians to be bilingual because in addition to being able to speak in the local language as their mother tongue, Indonesian people also have the obligation to master the Indonesian language as the official language and the language of the country used in schools, trade, and to communicate daily. In addition to regional and Indonesian languages and the Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 75 influence of technological developments in this global era, proficiency in foreign languages, such as English, French, and Mandarin is very important. This condition enable most Indonesian people not only to be bilingual but also multi-lingual because of their ability to use more than two languages, namely the local language, Indonesian language and foreign languages. The use of two or more languages often causes mixing between elements of one language to another. It is stated that if a speaker uses two or more languages it can be said that the languages are in contact (Suwito, 1983). Bilingualism and multilingualism are closely related to code mixing. Interference is a mistake caused by the practice of pronunciation of a language to another language that includes the pronunciation of sound units, grammar, and vocabulary (Chaer and Agustina.1995). Similarly, interference is a deviation of the norm from one or more languages (Chaer, 1994). However, Nababan (1984) stated that interference is caused by habits of incorporating a mother tongue or dialect into a second language or dialect. Interference is the contact of language, the limitations of the city's vocabulary, the need for word equality, and the prestige of the source language. In addition, the decline in allegiance to the recipient language is also a contributing factor to the interference (Sumarsono, 2002: Sumarsono and Partana, 2004; Wardhaugh, 2004). In contrast to interference, integration is the use of language elements of a particular language against other languages and has been considered to be part of the language, so it is no longer referred to as the lending element (Chaer, 1994). In integration, it is stated that the absorption element is no longer visible as a foreign language element because the element of absorption has been adjusted to the system or rules of absorbent language. Interference is temporary and integration is permanent. Based on the linguistic aspect, "Indonesian society is a bilingual society (bilingual) that controls more than one language that is regional language, Indonesian, and foreign language" (Mahsun, 2007). The bilingual community will experience language contact so that it gives birth code mixing. According [1], any speech events that take place over several speech acts will involve several things, such as speakers and speakers, the language medium, and the purpose of the conversation. He explains that code mixings are the mixing of two languages or languages in a single act of language without anything in the language situation that requires mixing of languages (Mahsun, 2007). The definition of code mixing, according Mahsun (2007), is a mixing of two languages or more in a language act without any situation that demands the mixing. Similarly Suwito (1983) [argues code mixing occurs when elements of a single language are incorporated into another language that takes place consistently both wording elements, phrases as well as clauses. In addition, code mixings can occur when speakers insert elements of other languages into a particular language (Dornyei, 2007). Based on the element of absorption, code mixing is classified into three parts. The first is called the outer code mix (outer code mixing), which is a mix of code that absorbs foreign language elements (Sumarsono, 2002: Sumarsono and Partana, 2004). The second is called code mixing into (inner code mixing), which is a mixture of Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 76 languages between languages in a single national language, between dialect in a regional language, or between varieties and language styles contained in one dialect. For example, an Indonesian speaker inserts elements of regional languages such as Manado into Indonesian or vice versa. The third is called code-mixing Mixing that is a mixture of a national language, regional languages and foreign languages. There are two driving factors behind the interference of code, i.e. attitudinal type or non- linguistic background and linguistic type (Suwito, 1983; Sumarsono, 2002). The Non- Focus Factor aims to soften the speech, indicate the level or social position, and indicate a new cultural influence while the linguistic factor aims to facilitate choosing words, avoiding ambiguous meanings, and influencing others. Based on the theory, this research wanted to know how form, type and cause of code mix that happened in a mobile phone in Bekasi. 2. Method To get a comprehensive overview of the use of code mix in buying and selling conversations between four consumers and a saleswoman at a mobile phone shop in Bekasi, West Java, a qualitative research using the method is used. The method used to refer to data obtained by listening to the use of language and record conversations between shop clerks with the buyer. After the conversation data is recorded the next step is to make a transcription of the conversation and select which part of the conversation contains code mixing for analysis. Qualitative research is used because the data in this study is not a number but is an utterance. Qualitative research relates to a set of data consisting of interview recordings, various types of texts (e.g. field notes, journals, diaries, documents) and pictures (photographs or videos). The research is focused on obtaining the type and code mixings as well as factors causing code mixings based on data obtained from recording of conversations between consumers and shop-shop salespeople at Mall Metropolitan Bekasi, West Java. Data collection and data analysis was done with the following steps. 1) Record the data and transcribe it. 2) Identify and classify the data based on the type and form of code mix that occurs, i.e. word, phrase or clause. 3) Look for the causes of code mixing. 4) Drawing conclusions. Based on the theory that has been described above, this research will be focused on three things, namely to know the mix of code that occurs based on the shape, type and cause of the code mixing. 3. Results and Discussion The results of data analysis that has been done can be classified according to type, level, nature, and causal factors of code interference as follows. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 77 3.1 Mix the code by shape 1). Code Mixing in the form of words M = buyer (consisting of M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4) PT = Shop clerk Code Mixings from foreign languages, regional languages and Indonesian non- standard varieties can be found in the use of words as contained in the following Data (1) and Data (4). Data (1) M-1: Hmmm .... this is mbak, I want to service hp, if you make download, how slow yes…. In Data (1), the buyer (M-1) uses a word-shaped mix of 'mbak', 'hp', 'download', and 'lemot'. The word 'mbak' derived from the Javanese language has the meaning of 'sister' in the Indonesian language. The word 'mbak' is included in the word greeting addressed to a woman by a person either by a man or a woman while the word 'lemot' is a form of a raw Indonesian acronym from 'weak brain' meaning 'slow'. The word and 'download' and 'hp' (abbreviated form of 'handphone') are from English. Both words are in Indonesian in a row have meaning 'mobile phone' and 'download'. Data (4) M-1: I tried yesterday..network is good but still cannot. Use wifi also cannot ... how tuh? In Data (4), the word 'network' comes from English used by the buyer (M-1) instead of using the word 'network'. The word 'wifi' comes from the English shorthand form, ie wireless fidelity which has the meaning of 'wireless network' whereas the word 'gimana' and 'tuh' comes from the non-standard Indonesian language whose meanings are 'how' and 'it' respectively. 3.2 Compound Code is a phrase Code Mixings from foreign languages, Javanese and Indonesian languages can be found in the use of phrases as contained in the following Data (16) and Data (18). Data (16) M-2: Yo nek jenenge 'customer service' ... B 's most ... 7 lah .. 8! (Yes that is the name of the shopkeeper may be a B value, roughly a value of 7 ... or 8!) Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 78 Code Mixing that occurs in the data (16) above is a mixture of English phrases into the Java language. The phrase 'customer service' comes from English meaning 'customer' Data 18 M-1: Oooooo ya already ... by the waymanggilnya do not father dong! Mas only let more familiar ... hmm may ask no hp her not? In the data (18) above, the buyer (M-1) uses the phrase in English 'by the way' instead of 'by the way' in communicating with shop clerk (PT). 3. 3 Code Mixing is a clause The Code Mixing event in the clause form is contained in the following sentence. Data (14) M-3: Wow means ditukokkekeypad'e all wae, Yo. In that sentence there is a clause of the Java language 'ditukokke (keypad) e all wae' which means is 'all just bought keypad it'. 3.2 Type of Code Mixing 1) Internal Code Mixing Internal code interfaces are found in the following sentences. Data 2 PT: May I see his mobile phone pack? M-1: OK..please ... this mbak, .. mango The use of the word 'mbak' and 'mango' (Javanese) instead of 'kak' and 'please' indicates that the buyer wants to invite the shop clerk (PT) to check his mobile phone. In this case the buyer (M-1) incorporates elements of the Java language (local language) into Indonesian language. 2) External Code Mixing The use of foreign language elements results in external code interference. Mix this external code can be seen in the following sentence. Data (7) PT: If you want to upgrade cost 100 thousand ... but this I check first ... because other applications are too slow ... the touchscreen is also lacking this weekend see the batteries also dah bloated. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 79 In this quote it appears that the elements of English words 'upgrade' and 'touchscreen' are used by the salesperson (PT) to buyers instead of the word 'enhanced' and 'touch screen'. The selection of the word 'upgrade' and 'touchscreen' seems to be more often heard than the word 'boost' and 'touch screen'. Another example can be found in the following quotation. Data (13) M-3: Means fluent yes if using internet-an. M-4: yes, so this hotspot can connect from your tablet. So you do not need to buy a modem anymore. The use of the word 'internet' which comes from English seems to still be popular used by Indonesian speakers and has not been translated into Indonesian. Based on the Electronic Language Dictionary 2008 (2008), the word 'internet' stands for interconnection-networking is an electronic communication network that connects computer networks and computer facilities organized around the world by telephone or satellite. In Data (13) above, M-3) and use the word 'internet' in communicating with the buyer (M-4). In contrast, the buyer (M-4) uses other English elements, such as the word 'hotspot', 'tablet', 'laptop', and 'modem' with the other person, the buyer (M-3). The word 'hotspot' is a term for an area where one can access the internet network wirelessly as long as it uses personal computers (PCs), laptops, notebooks or gadgets, such as mobile phones or other devices with WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) features. The word 'tablet 'is a complete portable computer that is entirely a flat touch screen. The most prominent feature of a tablet is the use of the screen as input devices that use the tip of the fingers, stylus, and pen digital. In addition, the size of the tablet is relatively smaller when compared with PC or laptop computer code. The word 'modem' (from English is an acronym for demodulator modulator). Generally a modem is used to convert analogy signals to digital and vice versa. The word 'Laptop' is a small, portable personal computer that can be placed on the user's lap, composed over a device that includes a keyboard, display screen, microprocessor, usually equipped with a rechargeable battery. 3). Code Mixing Data (14) M-3: Wow means ditukokkekeypad'e sekwawae, yo. In the above quote, the buyer (M-3) mixes both language vocabulary of English 'keypad' and the Java language 'ditukokke' and 'wae' with the Indonesian language with his friend. Based on the data obtained in the process of buying and selling a mobile phone in one of the stores in Bekasi, the factors causing the interference code that is: Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 80 1) Factor of vocabulary The Code Mixing events caused by inadequate vocabulary mastery can be seen in the following sentence. Data (5) PT: Yes already ... I check the settings first ... maybe setting a GPRS it is there wrong. Data (5) above shows that the shop clerk (PT) uses the term 'GPRS' to buyers because the equivalent of the word is not in Indonesian vocabulary. Similarly, the buyer (M-1) in his conversation with the salesperson (PT) incorporates elements of English into Indonesian, as in the following sentence. Data (6) M-1: If you make whatsapp slow too, what should be upgraded aja ya mbak ... guess how much? From the above data (6), we see that the buyer (M-1) uses the word 'whatsapp' and 'upgrade', because the buyer (M-1) has difficulty finding the equivalent of both words in Indonesian. 2) Showing intimacy between speakers and hearers Event Code Mixing can also be caused by the intention and effort between speakers with partners said to establish a more intimate atmosphere. In a conversation between the buyer and a cell phone shop salesman in Bekasi also found the event Code Mixing, as in the following sentence. Data (2) PT: May I see his mobile phone pack? M-1: OK..please ... this is mbak..mangga The buyer (M-1) invites the saleswoman to view his mobile phone by inserting a Javanese vocabulary 'mango' which means 'please' in order to establish intimacy among those who both understand the Javanese language. By establishing intimacy between speakers and speakers can create smoother communication. Code Mixing events to show intimacy between speakers and speakers are contained in the following sentence quotation. Data (14) M-3: Wow means ditukokkekeypad'e sekwawae, yo. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 81 Javanese language 'keukad' (keypad) e all wae '(which is pronounced by a student to his friend in a mobile phone shop shows the existence of emotional closeness between them. The use of the Javanese language element also aims to keep intimacy among those who share the same culture and local language. 3). The habit factor The interruption of codes from regional languages and foreign languages into Indonesian can also be attributed to the habitual factor of speakers as well. Examples can be seen in the following sentence. Data 4 M-1: I tried yesterday..network is good but still cannot. Use wifi also cannot ... how tuh? Data 15 M-2: Is there a Jon keypad on it? (Is that Jon's keypad?) The use of the word 'network', 'how', 'tuh' and 'emang' instead of 'network', 'how', 'that' and 'indeed' respectively by buyers (M-1 and M-2) habits of them using the word. 4. Conclusion Based on the data analysis above, the event code mixing of buying and selling conversation between mobile phone shop clerk at Metropolitan Mall of Bekasi can be concluded as follows. 1. There are three forms of code mixing, i.e. mix the code in the form of words, mix the code in the form of phrases, and mix the code in the form of clauses. 2. By type, there is a mix of internal code, mixed with external code and also Code Mixing mix. In this study, the interesting thing is the amount of mixed external code especially from English to Indonesian language. This is caused by In addition, the speakers who are students who at the time was completing the undergraduate study (S-1) in the English study program. Another thing because there are two speakers is a Javanese tribe who is also fluent in Javanese. 3. The causes of code interference in the conversation include several factors, namely vocabulary mastery factor in language, to indicate familiarity and the third is caused by the habitual factor of the speaker. Speakers and speakers in this case a saleswoman and some people who visit the mobile phone shop tend to have difficulty in finding the equivalent of English words and terms in the Indonesian language. Caused by limitations in this study, the authors wish for both similar and more complex studies in the broader realm to find the forms, types, and causes of code interference that often occur among people both in Bekasi and Indonesia. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 73—82 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 82 References Chaer, A. and Agustina, L. (1995). 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