Microsoft Word - Jasl-17 (12).Cahyani.docx Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 94—99 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 94 Syntactical interference of Katigan language to Indonesian language in SMP Negeri 1 at Katingan Tengah regency of Central Kalimantan Irni Cahyani1 Lili Agustina2 STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin Sultan Adam Street, Komplek H. Iyus, No. 18 RT.23 Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Postal Code 701211,2 email:irnicahyani@stkipbjm.ac.id1, email: lili.agustina@stkipbjm.ac.id2 Abstract – Syntactical interference of Language of Katingan to Indonesian in Katingan Tengah School at Katingan Tengah regency has been a focus of some language research recently. The research was aimed at recognizing and identifying interference in second language acquisition. The term interference refers to two different linguistic phenomena, namely psychological interference and sociolinguistic interference. Psychological interference refers to the influence of old habits as a result of learning something against something being studied (Rafiek, 2007). While sociolinguistic interference refers to the interaction of the language, such as loan or word change. Factors that cause interference is the factor of contact language and language skills. Interference is caused by language contact factors in bilingual societies and an unsteady language mastery factor in second language learners or foreign language learners (Rafiek, 2009). This is in accordance with the teacher's opinion that there are still errors in the language, whether it's talking and writing activities. That's what makes researchers interested in doing this. Based on the above problems, it can be identified some points, namely the influence of the first language habit of Katingan in using a second language, Indonesian language, language skills that have not been steady in the second language learning and errors in the language, because of the influence of the first language. The result of research on the syntactic interference aspects of Katingan language to Indonesian language was found in two types of syntactic interference which was contained in oral and written language of students of SMPN 1 Katingan Tengah, such as (1) Interference phrase to Indonesian language and (2) Interference sentence to Indonesian language. Keywords: interference, morphology, Katingan language, oral, writing Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 94—99 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 95 1. Introduction Indonesia has many languages, therefore Indonesian people are bilingual. This can be seen with the use of two languages in communicating. In addition to mastering the Indonesian language as the national language, they also mastered their respective local languages. Both languages are sometimes used simultaneously in certain situations and conditions. This phenomenon affects the ability of one to use a language due to the language contact. Not only Indonesia which has its language diversity, Dayak tribe in Kalimantan also has various regional languages. One of the regional languages found in Central Kalimantan is Katingan, whose name was chosen because its speakers live along the river Katingan. Language is a communication tool that can be used by a person to express ideas that will be poured in his mind. The expression of the language is to describe the state of the person or the speaker. Language is one of the most distinctive features of humanity that distinguishes it from other beings. Language can be studied from several angles and pay special attention to the different elements of language and to the discriminating (structure) relationships (Rafiek, 2010). Language is "an arbitrary system of symbolic sounds, used by members of a society to cooperate, interact, and self-identify", while the narrative according is a discourse that features a series of events within a certain time series, along with participants and specific circumstances (Yanti, 2011). Given the variations of the language there was a bilingual or multilingual community phenomenon resulting from the contact of language as well as cultural contact. With the existence of a bilingual society, interference was then occurred. Interference is the transfer of other language elements into the language that is being used, so that there is a deviation of the rules of the language being used (Rafiek, 2010). Interference comes from the researcher’s finding that is a linguistic interaction that arises when two language societies make a language contact [5]. The interference is a deviation of the linguistic norms that appear in a bilingual person using one of two languages controlled in real communication. In harmony with the interference put forward, Rafiek (2010) defines interference as the difficulty that arises in the process of acquiring a second language in terms of sound, word, or construction as a result of differences in habit with the first language. At first, interference was only divided into two, namely systemic interference and development interference. Systemic interference is the interference that occurs due to speaker language performance resulting in a change in the language system in which interference occurs. While development interference is the interference that occurs in the development of one's learning when learning a first language or learning a second language. This interference is also called learning interference (Rafiek, 2010). If we notice, interference that occurs in a language has advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of interference by speakers of language are, among others, can increase the vocabulary of the vocabulary and also enrich the language in question. Losses caused by interference by speakers of the language is able to affect and disrupt the structure, so that in its use occurs the language deviation. The disadvantages of interferences by language speakers or also called negative transfers are known as interference terms in the acquisition of a second language. The term interference refers to two different linguistic phenomena, namely Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 94—99 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 96 psychological interference and sociolinguistic interference. Psychological interference refers to the influence of old habits as a result of learning something against something being studied (Rafiek, 2007). While sociolinguistic interference refers to the interaction of the language, such as loan or password change. Factors that cause interference is the factor of contact language and language skills. Interference is caused by language contact factors in bilingual societies and an unsteady language mastery factor in second language learners or foreign language learners (Rafiek, 2007). This is in accordance with the field, namely the opinion of teachers that there are still errors in the language, whether it's talking and writing activities. That's what makes researchers interested in doing this. Examples of errors that occur due to Katingan language interference, which was found during writing activities of Indonesian language. "I'm very happy to see the rice planted me and the mother has been manguning". The word manguning here due to Katingan language interference that does not recognize the letter /e/. Should in Indonesian become yellow. Another example is the word manugal should be menugal. 2. Method The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Descriptive qualitative methods are appropriate for understanding social interaction and can only be described if researchers conduct research by participating, in-depth interviews of social interaction. So, it can be said this research method in collecting or providing data and analyze data to study the phenomenon of language that happened. Thus, this research uses descriptive research methods that have several characteristics, such as (1) not blaming true or wrong object studied, (2) emphasis on actual symptoms or on what happened at the time of the research, and (3) usually not directed to test the hypothesis. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Interference aspects of syntax Interference in the field of syntax is also found in the use of the Indonesian language. The use of word fragments, phrases, and clauses in sentences can also be said to be interference at the sentence level. (1) Phase Interference Data 1 Arriving at Makikit I am also excited by not being patient I can park my bike and invite my friends to walk towards the cascade. It turns out that many people kamipun queue to walk there because many vacation there. The use of the suffixes is used as a pronoun which states ownership that is combined with the word base. Aside from being a possession pronoun, the ending also serves to show something. In the student's writing above, in the second sentence there are phrases turned out to be Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 94—99 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 97 people, there are language errors due to the influence of Katingan language. It should improve the sentence below. Arriving at Makikit I also am excited by not being patient I can park my bike and invite my friends to walk towards the cascade. It turns out that many visitors we also queue to walk there, because many vacation there. (2) Sentence Interference Data 2 Mother and I went to the fields, in the fields where we were both bemalam. Based on the above sentence, the interference done by the students in their writing is the use in the field there. The influence of the use of regional languages, i.e. in the fields of hecene into the fields there is a mistake in the Indonesian language. So, it can be said that the field already shows the place, without adding the word there. The correction of the sentence was me and mother going to the fields, in our fields both of us staying overnight. Data 3 On the trip I almost fell off the motorcycle, because mehindari hole because the road to Makikit damaged almost 3 times I want to fall, luckily I can control it. On the journey almost 2 hours, we just got to Makikit from Samba and it’s already our rate. Based on the student's writing above there is a language error that is in the second sentence, there is the use of our rate already. It should have been at high speed. Data 4 Taking a bath we walked to the edge to relax while viewing the scenery, because over time sitting on the edge I will invite one of my friends to walk around us gathered, after getting to our gathering place two friends see our other friends have no us to the parking and rushed to return. Based on the above article there is a language error due to the imprint in word two should be both. The rest of the sentence should be finished After our bath walk to the edge to relax while looking at the scenery, because later sitting on the edge I will invite one of my friends to walk around us gathered, after to the gathering we both my friends see our other friends are not there we even went to the car park and hurry to go home. Data 5 My appearance began to change and I always wanted to play games I subtracted although not completely lost, Based on the student's writing there is a word change is the use of the wrong word. The word is not derived from the fox base, but rather change. Interference that occurs is the use of the word change. So, it should be changed to change rather than change. Data 6 One day fitting the holidays, the clock shows at 07.00 pm me and mother went to the fields. The above sentence is a fitting word, a holiday fitting day. The use of the word pas is the interference made by the students. Word does not exist in KBBI. Pas Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 94—99 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 98 defined when by students. So, fix the sentence as below. One day when the holidays, the clock shows at 07.00 pm me and mother went to the fields. Data 7 Hau, do not be us with Sita. In that sentence seen the use of interjection in the use of Indonesian language. Interaction is the expression of feelings, the expression of a person when saying. Interjection is one of interference that occurs in students of SMPN 1 Katingan Tengah. Interjection is a fragment of the mother tongue that entered in the Indonesian language. Such rules are an aberration to the language used .The interjections found in addition to the above data are as below. Data 8 Admit, the number of tasks today. May me Sita. The use of the word acknowledged in the speech illustrates the expression of the speaker's feeling. The word acknowledged and may be an interchange of Katingan. It can be said that the students' speech SMPN 1 Katingan Tengah is the interference due to the influence of the first language / mother. Data 9 I love to have good friends, funny, silly, and so on in class VII D this. My friends are very the best deh. Based on the above data there is a flake that comes from English, namely the best. The flakes are interference at the sentence level. The data is a language deviation undertaken by junior high school students by incorporating other language systems into the language currently in use, i.e. Indonesian. In addition, similar interference is also found in student writing as below. Data 10 After I rested until 03:00 we gathered again on our beskem. Based on the sentence in the student's writing, students deliberately use another word fragment, namely beskem. The use of the word beskem is an English flake, which should be the base camp. Other language systems that enter into the above sentences result in interference in the Indonesian language. Data 11 Glad to see people go up to the kelotok, there are also people who are fishing, marengge, and bathing. Based on the writings of students above there are pieces of words derived from the Katingan language. The use of marengge is a mother language interference. Marengge is one way to catch fish by using a net stretched with bamboo, then drowned into the river and after it is lifted. Lacking and ignorance of Indonesian vocabulary results in interference in Katingan. The existence of the first language fragments in the use of the second language is a language error made by junior high school students. Data 12 My hands keep writing. The same is also found in the above sentence. The use of word or word fragments derived from the first language is used in the use of a Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 1 Issue 1 (Dec 2017), p. 94—99 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL 99 second language. This results in interference in the Indonesian language. The use of the word pass is syntactic interference in Indonesian. The equivalent of the word pass in Indonesian is tingling. Improvement of the above sentence is Ouch my hand tingling pen continue. Data 13 We went home, the journey is very cheerful, but there are snakes that again cross the road. From the writings of students there is a word menyebarang in the Indonesian language is a language deviation due to the influence of the mother tongue. The basic word is opposite and given the prefix. The word begins s so that when given the prefix will melt. The use of mother tongue fragments to make this sentence found interference. The basic word forbidding is any, so when it is given the prefix becomes split. In the use of the Indonesian language, the word should be crossed. Repair the sentence as below. We went home very cheerful journey but there is a snake who again crossed the road. 4. Conclusion Syntactic interference is a disorder that occurs due to the deviation of sentence structure. Based on the results of the analysis, two types of syntactic interference are found in the spoken and written language of SMPN 1 Katingan Tengah students, among others: (1) Phrase interference with Indonesian language and (2) Interference of sentence to Indonesian language. References Rafiek, M. (2007). Sociology Language: Introduction to Basic Sociolinguistics. Banjarmasin: FKIP Unlam. Rafiek, M. (2009). Sociolinguistics. Multidisciplinary Study. Malang: State University of Malang. Rafiek, M. (2010). Basic Sociolinguistics. Yogyakarta: Prism Library. Yanti, P. G. (2011). Betawi Language Interference in Indonesian Language Use in Postal. Banjarmasin: Unpublished Paper.