122 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of prophetic leadership on the workplace spirituality among officials and employees in an Islamic boarding school. This quantitative research used data collection through a survey, in a form of a set of questionnaire, in the Su- fism-based Islamic boarding school in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. The study sample consisted of 270 officials and employees of the boarding school. The data was analyzed using SEM with the AMOS 24 program, to test the effects. The research findings showed a significant effect of the prophetic leadership on the workplace spirituality. Originality of this research on the unit analysis of officials and employees at the sufism-base Islamic boarding school. Keywords: : prophetic leadership, workplace spirituality, and sufism-base Islamic boarding school Received: 28 February 2020; Accepted: 15 April 2020; Publish; June 2020. How to Cite: Budiono, I., Hamidah, Yasin, M. (2020). The Role of Prophetic Leadership on Work- place Spirituality At sufism-based Islamic Boarding School. Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.21009/ JOBBE.004.1.09 The Role of Prophetic Leadership on Workplace Spirituality At sufism-based Islamic Boarding School Irfan Budiono Universitas Negeri Jakarta Email: irfanbudiono_im16s3@mahasiswa.unj.ac.id Hamidah Universitas Negeri Jakarta Mahmuddin Yasin Universitas Krisnadwipayana 123 INTRODUCTION Pesantren, a typical Islamic education from Indonesia, has grown significantly. In 1977, there were 4,195 pesantrens nationwide. It grew up to 11,312 pesantrens in 2001 and 14,798 in 2005. By 2014, it has been 28,194 pesantrens (Directorate General of Islamic Education, 2014). A pesantren is usually led by a Kyai, or Shaykh, a central figure who has a distin- guished leadership style compared to common leadership styles in any other education institutions. Kyai’s leadership is shaped by Islamic leadership style that refers to the way the Prophet led i.e. Prophetic Leadership. Hamid (2017) mentioned a term of pro- phetic leadership, by which innovation process occurs in pesantren (Hamid & Julian- syahzen, 2017). According to Ramadhana (2008), one of the characteristics of the prophetic lead- ership is a combination of participative, charismatic and transformational leadership (Ramadhana, 2008). In line with the view from Ramadhana, another research by Asy’ariy (2018) mentioned that the advantages of transformational, visionary and situ- ational leadership can be seen in the practice of prophetic leadership. In contrary, con- tiguity of the above is also found in the prophetic leadership (Asy’ariy, 2018). According to Maheran (2015), prophetic leadership expands the point of view of leadership and provides a richer and in-depth understanding about a relationship be- tween a leader and followers in relation to the quality of decision-making process. Pro- phetic leadership explores literatures on the life of the Prophet and describes a theoreti- cal relationship between personal characters and spiritual leadership (Maharen Nik Muhammad, 2015). Ramadhana (2008) also mentioned that prophetic leadership is supported by spiritual authority (Ramadhana, 2008). According to Tobroni (2015), a spiritual leader has an ultimate commitment, dedication and integrity and is based on absolute values. Ethics of the spiritual leadership is as seen as the practice by the Prophet, based on Quran (Tobroni, 2015). According to Naidoo (2014), a workplace spirituality may lead to a spiritual lead- ership that allows employees and leaders act based on personal truths, integrity, values and ethical practices (Naidoo, 2014). Ayranci and Samercios (2011) analyzed that spir- ituality has a significant relationship with spiritual leadership. This relationship is stronger that the relationship between spiritual leadership and spiritual and religious factors (Ayranci & Semercioz, 2011). Referring to views from Maheran, Ramadhana and Tobroni, it is concluded that there is a positive relationship between prophetic leadership and workplace spirituality. Many pesantren have distinctive characteristics, one of which is sufism-based edu- cation. This characteristic is promoted by sufism organization named Tariqa. A tariqa, originally a form of individual piety in a modest and exclusive bond between a sufi master and its followers, has structurally developed into a form of a complex religious institution. There are tariqas that structurally expands their educational forms into a pesantren (Riyadi, 2014). A strong bond between sufi master (mursyid) and its follow- ers is the main pillar for the tariqa and creates a top-down organization. Such relation- ship is seen negatively as it is perceived to obstruct a modernization of a pesantren. This perception emerges some some reasons, first, tariqa imposes individual cult; sec- ond, such cult creates taqlid as the followers devotes their life to their master. Such relationship is perceived to provide a narrow space for freedom, creativity and initia- tive from sub-ordinates. A Sufism-based pesantren provides contributions to the quality of human re- sources through a sufism education. A strong bond between a Sufi master and its fol- Budiono, I., Hamidah, Yasin, M. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship Volume 4 Number 1 2020 p (122-129)  The Role of Prophetic Leadership on Workplace Spirituality At sufism-based Islamic Boarding School.  https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.1.09 124 lowers, and dominance of a Sufi master creates a negative impression on the work- place spirituality of the educators on the boarding school. This condition refers to the definition of workplace spirituality ie : feeling completeness and joy (Giacalone, 2015); meaningful works (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000); opportunity to strengthen health and spiritual well-being (Lee, Richter, & McGuire, 2013); create loyalty and productive (Hicks, 2003), which of course is influenced by a leader, while Pesantren leadership is prophetic leadership (Hamid, 2017). So, it is very important to know the influence of prophetic leadership on spirituality at work, as well as in order to prove the truth of the negative impressions that emerge. Referring to the above narration, the objective of this research is to understand the in- fluence of the prophetic leadership on the workplace spirituality in a sufism-based pe- santren. The fact that there is no simil. LITERATURE REVIEW Prophetic Leadership Prophetic leadership is theoretically based on the life of the Prophet. It is a lead- ership style that leads to all aspects and elements in life and builds mutual relationship between leader and followers (Maheran Nik Muhammad, 2015). Prophetic leadership is a process to influence others in order them to sincerely follow the directions with loyalty as a reflection of their obedience, fear and faith toward Allah SWT (Adh- Dzakiey, 2009). Prophetic leadership, such as what has been done to the prophets, is the ability to influence others to sincerely achieve common goals. The process of influ- ence is executed by examples, through four characteristics, namely Sidiq (integrity), amanah (accountable, trustworthy), tabligh (emphatic and effective communication) and fathonah (intelligent) (Budiharto & Himam, 2006). Prophetic leadership also shows leadership relationships and social network theory, the need to find common ground and synergy between leaders and followers (Maheran NM & Akbarzadeh, 2013). Prophetic leadership is the concept of leadership from the Prophet that consists of the behaviours and attitudes of the leader (Hadi HM, 2012). Prophetic leadership should be based on three foundations: grace, kindness, and justice. (Ali, 2009). Workplace Spirituality Workplace Spirituality is a dynamic factor in building trust between management and employees (Alas & Mousa, 2016). Workplace spirituality is defined as a frame- work of values of individuals or organizations that introduce transcendental experience of employees through work processes and a way to facilitate a connected sense to oth- ers in a way that gives a feeling of completeness and joy (Giacalone, 2015). Work- place spirituality is a recognition by employees whose inner life is nourished by mean- ingful works within the community (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000). Workplace spiritual- ity is the psychological climate in a workplace. This condition is due to people (workers) see themselves maintained meaningful jobs, so that the work unit is filled with a high spirituality (Duchon and Plowman, 2005). Feelings regarding the settle- ment relationships with self and others refer to as the dimensions of workplace spiritu- ality (Mitroff & Denton, 1999). Workplace Spirituality is workplace conditions where a person has opportunity to strengthen their health and spiritual well-being (Lee, Rich- ter, & McGuire, 2013). Workplace spirituality is often used to create loyalty and pro- ductive workers (Hicks, 2003). Modern workers experience personal spirituality at Budiono, I., Hamidah, Yasin, M. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship Volume 4 Number 1 2020 p (122-129)  The Role of Prophetic Leadership on Workplace Spirituality At sufism-based Islamic Boarding School.  https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.1.09 125 workplace as they feel the presence of an impersonal power in its work and recognize the existence of a higher power beyond one's immediate experience that supports the activities of the job (Solomon, 2005). The effect of prophetic leadership on workplace spirituality Servicing leadership has a positive and real linkage with the workplace spirituality (Khan, Khan, and Chaudhry, 2015). The effectiveness of leadership based on work- place spirituality is interconnected with and has a positive impact on the performance of employees (Sukanya, 2014).. There is a positive correlation between transforma- tional leadership and workplace spirituality (Majeed, Mohd Nor and Mohd Mustamil, 2017). Spiritual Leadership had a positive and significant effect on workplace spiritu- ality (Jufrizen, Sari, Nasution, Radiman, & Wahyuni, 2019), The above arguments lead to an interim conclusion that The prophetic leadership provides a directly positive influence on the workplace spirituality. RESEARCH METHOD Sample and Data collection The study uses a survey method using analysis techniques of Structural Equation Model (SEM), by AMOS 24 program and the maximum likelihood estimation ap- proach. The sample in this study includes 273 employees and officials in Idrisiyyah boarding school. The sampling technique is a probability sampling using simple ran- dom sampling, regardless of the strata in the population. Measures All constructs in the study was measured using Likert scale (Likert scale), with a range of values from 1 to 5. The range is between “Strongly Disagree” (SD) = 1 up to “Strongly Agree” (SA) = 5 in order to measure the construct of the workplace spiritu- ality. The prophetic leadership is measured using following indicators: self control, influencing others with sincere, provide direction (soul, qolbu, reasonable thought, body and behaviour through exemplary characteristics of sidiq, amanah, tabligh, and fathonah (Budiharto & Himam, 2006; Adz-Dzakiey, 2009; Munardji, 2016). The workplace spirituality is measured using following indicators: recognition has an inner life is nourished, feel the meaning in work, making productive workers, giving a sense of joy and completeness, and acknowledge the role of God (Ashmos & Duchon, 2000; Duchon & Plowman, 2005; Hicks, 2003; Giacalone, 2004; Solomon, 2005). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The test results (see table 1) show that the model full model can be categorized meet the criteria of fit, it's based criteria have been fulfilled several criteria of goodness of fit. The results of chi-square test calculations in obtaining a full model chi-square value of 105,412 is still above the chi-square table for 76 degrees of freedom at a sig- nificant level of 1% at 107,58. A probability value of 0.014 which is above value of 0.01. Value CMIN / DF amounted to 1,387 is still below value 2,00. GFI value of 0.937 (Good), above 0.90 ;. AGFI value of 0.916 (good) still above 0,9; TLI value of 0.9985 (good) above 0.90. CFI value of 0.988 (good) which value is above 0.90 and below RMSEA value of 0.041 (good) which is below to the value of 0.08. Budiono, I., Hamidah, Yasin, M. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship Volume 4 Number 1 2020 p (122-129)  The Role of Prophetic Leadership on Workplace Spirituality At sufism-based Islamic Boarding School.  https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.1.09 126 Table 1. Goodness of Fit Value factor loading all indicators (see table 2) show the estimated value of which is in the range of 0.725 and 0.887 value. This means that this value is above the limit value of 0.5 is used as the criteria, so the model is considered fit and able to continue to the next test. Based on the results of variance extract and the reliability contruct ob- tained variance extract value 0.687, for the leadership prophetic and 0.594 for work- place spirituality As for reliability contruct, the value of 0.952 for prophetic leader- ship, and 0.879 for workplace spirituality . Value of Variance extract and the reliability contruct obtained showed a good value, which implies there are indicators that can ex- plain the construct. Table 2. Standardized Regression Weights PL = Prophetic Leadership, WPS = Workplace Spirituality Table 3. Variance extract and reliability contruct Testing Statistical Hypotheses on the hypothesis of a positive relationship between the prophetic leadership on workplace spirituality, can be seen with CR values obtained from the regression weight Maximum Likelihood Estimates (see table 4). CR value with a probability of 9.075 and ***. qualify for acceptance of the hypothesis, which value CR greater than 1.96, and the probability is less than 0.05. So there is pos- itive and significant correlation between the prophetic leadership to workplace spiritu- ality. Model GFI AGFI TLI CFI RMSEA CMIN / DF default models , 939 , 916 , 985 , 988 , 041 1,387 estimate estimate WPS <--- PL ,689 X8 <--- PL , 725 X1 <--- PL ,763 X9 <--- PL ,782 X2 <--- PL ,832 X10 <--- WPS ,732 X3 <--- PL ,805 X11 <--- WPS ,729 X4 <--- PL ,887 X12 <--- WPS ,737 X5 <--- PL ,828 X13 <--- WPS ,808 X6 <--- PL , 826 X14 <--- WPS ,840 X7 <--- PL ,854 variable reliability contruct variance extract Prophetic Leadership 0.952 .687 Workplace Spirituality 0.879 .594 Budiono, I., Hamidah, Yasin, M. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship Volume 4 Number 1 2020 p (122-129)  The Role of Prophetic Leadership on Workplace Spirituality At sufism-based Islamic Boarding School.  https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.1.09 127 Table 4. Summary Regression Weights Discussion The research concludes that the prophetic leadership has a directly positive influ- ence on the workplace spirituality. This is in line with the study by Abdurrahman and Agustini (2011); Sukanya (2014) mentioned that the spiritual leadership provides a positive and significant correlation with the workplace spirituality. If the servicing leadership is also considered to lead toward a prophetic leadership, this study is also in line with the arguments by Khan, & Chaudhry (2015) and that by Ayranci and Se- mercioz, 2011. It is also consistent with the opinion from Devost, 2010 that demon- strated a correlation between leadership and the workplace spirituality. It is also con- sistent with the view from Jiang Lin et. Al (2017). This research also strengthens a pri- or study by Majeed, Mohd Nor & Mohd Mustamil (2017) that showed a fact that there is a positive correlation between transformational leadership and the workplace spiritu- ality (Majeed at al, 2017). It is in accordance with the study by Ayranci and Semercioz (2011) that pointed a correlation between spiritual factors and spiritual leadership. This relationship is stronger that the relationship between spiritual leadership and spiritual and religious factors (Ayranci and Semercioz, 2011). Views from previous researchers have indicated that leadership is a direct and positive influence on the workplace spirituality. The research in pesantren Idrisiyyah also showed that the prophetic leadership provides a positive influence on the work- place spirituality. This finding is in contrary with common view that leadership by a sufi master (mursyid) in a tariqa is dominant (Suyuti,1996). There is also a perception that tariqa applies an authoritatian leadership (Howell, 2001). Object of the research is a sufism-based pesantren in tariqa Idrisiyyah. Unlike any other tariqas, Idrisiyyah, originally named Sanusiyyah, is a tariqa that forms an organizional movement. This tariqa combines a traditional tariqa leadership and professional organization. It bases its successes on 2 methods i.e. burhaniah (knowledge) and isyraqiyah (devide enlightenment). Such combination has brought tariqa Sanusiyah into a solid organiza- tion (Al-Sanusi, 2001). As a successor of Sanusiyyah, tariqa Idrisiyyah in Indonesia also applies the same organizational movement. In contrary to stereotype, tariqa Idrisiyyah pays stronger attention on Syariah as- pect than mystical aspect (Pili, 2019). Although Idrisiyyah promotes sufism-based pe- santren, Idrisiyyah is not against science and technology. Idrisiyyah applies an ac- countable and transparent management (Priatna, Nurhamzah, Ratnasih & Siregar, 2018). The pesantren encourages its students to learn sufism-based entrepreneurship for self-sufficiency (Suryatman, 2017). Tariqa Idrisiyyah shows a rapid progress in institutionalization, economic devel- opment, human resource management, education and social works. It is a progressive movement that build cooperation for a better world (Basyir, 2019). Thus, Idrisiyyah is well-known as a neo sufism in Indonesia (Pili, 2019). A positive influence of the pro- phetic leadership on the workplace spirituality is easily seen in pesantren Idrisiyyah as the spiritual guidance by the sufi master occurs in daily life of its followers. Sufism is taught regularly for followers, while specific topics of teachings is deliv- ered weekly for employees and educators. Some indicators for a workplace spirituality estimate SE CR P Label Workplace Spirit- uality <--- Prophetic Lead- ership ,563 , 062 9.075 *** par_13 Budiono, I., Hamidah, Yasin, M. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship Volume 4 Number 1 2020 p (122-129)  The Role of Prophetic Leadership on Workplace Spirituality At sufism-based Islamic Boarding School.  https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.1.09 128 such as a maintained spiritual life, feeling of a meaningful works, recognition of the precence of God in work life are amongst the topics delivered by the sufi master. Thus, the prophetic leadership by the Mursyid in pesantren Idrisiyyah has a positive correla- tion with the workplace spirituality for its followers and educators in the pesantren. CONCLUSION The research in pesantren Idrisiyyah showed that the prophetic leadership pro- vides a positive influence on the workplace spirituality. This is in line with the study from previous researchers have indicated that leadership is a direct and positive influ- ence on the workplace spirituality. A positive influence of the prophetic leadership on the workplace spirituality is easily seen in pesantren Idrisiyyah as the spiritual guid- ance by the sufi master occurs in daily life of its followers. Acknowledgment This research was funded with researcher’s own funds and could be carried out by the contribution of many parties. The researcher would like to express deep gratitude to all parties contributed to the completion of thus research. Special thanks to the the top management of the pesantren Idrisiyyah and management board, whole parties at the boarding schools that allowed the Institution as the object of the re- search. Sincere thanks to the lecturers of Jakarta State University and all colleagues at the Jakarta State University, who contribute brilliant ideas to this research. REFERENCES Adz-Dzakiey, H. B. (2009). 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