36 ABSTRACT With the rapid growth of online technology in financial services, Mobile Payment has become popular in recent years. Many studies have investigated financial in- novations based on information and communication technology (ICT) in bank in- stitutions. Specifically, this study is important to explore the use of Mobile Payment provided by non-bank institutions. This study focuses on trust and commitment to improving their continuous usage intention of Mobile Payment. We argue that the advantages of Mobile Payment (Mobility, Customization, Security, and Reputa- tion) contribute to trust and commitment. The research method used PLS-SEM. It is mainly used to develop theories in exploratory research. The findings of this study illustrate that the Mobile Payment reputation has a positive effect on trust. Trust is mediated by commitment has a positive influence on continuance intention. This study recommends that the topic of research needs to be explored more in order to understand and develop marketing strategies for Mobile Payment users. Keywords: Mobile Payment, Digital Payment, Trust, Commitment, Continuance Intention Received: 30 August 2020 ; Accepted: 30 September 2020 ; Publish; December 2020 How to Cite: Sembiring, O., Hamonangan Aruan, D.T (2020). Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform. Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.04 Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform Oktyfany Sembiring Email: okty.fany@gmail.com University of Indonesia Daniel Tumpal Hamonangan Aruan Email: dtumpal@ui.ac.id University of Indonesia https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.01 37 INTRODUCTION plays an important role in fulfilling human needs and desires, and in stimulating the economic system. A simple transaction starts with a barter method and develops into payment with paper money and coins. Along with the development of increasingly sophisticated technological innovations, paper money and coins as a means of payment have evolved into a digital form. The public can make payments on a non-cash basis by utilizing various types of cards, smartphones or smartphones and various hardware connected to the internet connection. Non-cash or cashless transactions can also be de- scribed as a process of purchasing goods and services that do not involve physical forms of money (Kadar, Sameon, Din, & Rafee, 2019). Based on Bank Indonesia Reg- ulation (2018), the value of electronic money is first deposited to the party that issues electronic money which is then stored in chip or server media and can be moved elec- tronically to transfer funds and make payments. Chip-based electronic money can be found on cards and is usually used in the transportation sector, such as toll payments, commuter trains and Trans Jakarta. Most server-based electronic money is offered by startup applications that can be accessed through consumer smartphones. The iPrice report (2019) explains that in Indonesia the use of smartphones has increased by 70% in the last 5 years so that in line with digital payments through mobile communication technology is increasingly popular. Accord- ing to the Statista Survey (2018), mobile payment users worldwide totaled 721 million in 2017 and this number is predicted to reach 1,115 million in 2021. As a new form of financial innovation, mobile payment disrupts spending patterns and consumer pay- ment habits (Liu et al., 2019). Now people can make payments, transfer and manage their finances anytime and anywhere through mobile payments (Dahlberg et al., 2008; Yu et al., 2018; Liu et. Al., 2019). Mobile payment has enormous potential so that it attracts the attention of inves- tors and entrepreneurs. Many companies including startups joined the mobile payment industry and released their own mobile payment applications such as, Go-Pay, OVO, LinkAja, Dana, Jenius, and others. The bank also participated in issuing their mobile payment applications, such as Bank Central Asia with Sakuku, CIMB Niaga with Re- kening Ponsel, and others. However, the market share in the mobile payment business is dominated by non-bank financial applications or third parties. Snapcart's research results (2019) show that OVO occupies the first position with a market share of 58%, Go-Pay is in the second position with a market share of 23% and followed by DANA with a market share of 6% in the third position. From the table below, statistics from iPrice research in the second quarter of 2019 also explained that Go-Pay and OVO were the most popular mobile payment applications used by consumers in Indonesia. Digital financial activities can be carried out with mobile banking and mobile payment, but the two terms have fundamental differences. Mobile banking refers to consumers who use traditional bank services through bank applications on smartphones, such as deposits, paying bills and transferring funds between different bank accounts or validating payment transactions. Banks expand their traditional ser- vices to the internet through mobile banking. Meanwhile, the majority of mobile payments come from a new generation of IT companies that aims to provide financial innovation service solutions to millions of consumers. Mobile payment is usually carried out by non-traditional financial compa- nies, such as third-party payment providers, startups engaged in finance (Liu, et al., 2019). Previous research has identified trust as one of the important antecedents to en- courage consumer acceptance and further use of mobile payment in various situations Sembiring, O., Hamonangan Aruan, D.T. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 36-46 Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.04 https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.01 38 (Cabanillas, Fernandez & Leiva, 2014; Koster et al., 2016; Lu Yan, Chau Michael & Chau Patrick, 2017; Shao et al., 2018). Trust research and other factors investigated in payment activities via websites and mobile, mostly happened in the context of western countries. According to the Kontan report (2019), online payment systems in Indonesia still have the potential to pose a risk and a mode of crime. For example, crime activi- ties that often occur include data theft and financial information, as well as fraud or fraud with malware software. This risk threat can impede consumers from using mo- bile payment. In accordance the data the position of the five largest mobile payment industry players is dominated by services from third parties, not from formal institu- tions, such as banks. There is a high possibility that consumers will find it difficult to accept new technology from mobile payments (Olivera et al., 2016; Cabanillas et al., 2018; Shao et al., 2018), especially services offered from third parties. The Commitment – Trust Theory (CTT) is developed in the context of relational exchanges, it also provides a powerful theoretical basis to explain the usage of online services (Gefen et al. 2003; Li et al. 2006). In our context of Mobile Payment, we fo- cus on customers’ trust in and their commitment to the Mobile Payment service. Trust refers to a customer’s confidence in the reliability and integrity Continuous usage in- tention of Mobile Payment. Commitment refers to a customer’s belief that the Mobile Payment service is so important that it warrants continuous use. According to Innova- tion Diffusion Theory (IDT), users’ decisions to accept an innovation technology de- pend on their perceptions of innovation attributes (Rogers, 1995; Agarwal, 2000; Kauffman and Li, 2005; Li, 2004; Li et al., 2014). While many previous studies con- sider relative advantage as a first order construct, few studies have examined what spe- cific features of relative advantage are most beneficial to promote customers’ cognitive evaluation of a new technology, especially in the context of Mobile Payment. In this paper, this study examines antecedents that influence trust from the experience of con- sumers who have used mobile payment. Specifically, the antecedent factor is examined from the relative advantage which is divided into two dimensions of mobility and cus- tomization of mobile payment technology. In addition, this research investigated how trust influence on commitment of moble payment users. LITERATURE REVIEW Mobility Toward Trust Mobility is defined as the relative advantage of being able to access Mobile pay- ment anytime and anywhere (Shao et al., 2018). When customers perceive a mobile platform as a unique tool readily available for most types of payment services, they will trust it and use it more frequently (Bachfischer et al., 2004). Mobility is beneficial to enhance customers’ trust in Mobile Payment (Zhou, 2011). Mobility is beneficial to enhance customers’ trust in Mobile Payment (Zhou, 2011). H1. Mobility positively influences trust in Mobile payment Customization Toward Trust Customization is defined as the ability for customers to customize the infor- mation function, payment methods and security settings based on their favorite and Sembiring, O., Hamonangan Aruan, D.T. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 36-46 Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.04 https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.01 39 accustomed behavior (Huang et al., 2014). Li and Yeh (2010) show that customization has remarkable interpreting ability on trust in m commerce. H2. Customization positively influences trust In Mobile Payment Security Toward Trust In the m-payment context, security represents customers’ perception of safety and reliability of the institutional structures such as the guarantees, regulations and promises of the transactions in the Mobile Payment environment (Zhou, 2011). Securi- ty is considered as a significant factor in protecting customers from transactional un- certainties and risks. Therefore it can help promote customers’ trust in the third party platforms (Xin et al., 2015). H3. Security positively influences trust in Mobile Payment. Reputation Toward Trust Reputable providers are more likely to attract transactions from customers (Grazioli and Jarvenpaa, 2000; Teo and Liu, 2007). Providers with a bad reputation usually lose online transactions from potential customers (Ba, 2001). In the Mobile Payment context, scholars have indicated the important role of platform reputation in fostering customers’ trust. H4. Reputation positively influences trust in Mobile Payment. Trust – Commitment Trust that has been examined as a determinant of initial use, or adoption, or ac- ceptance, the notion of commitment mainly focuses on continuous usage (Li et al. 2006). According to the commitment literature, commitment reflects a decision mak- er’s motivations to continuously stay within the Relationship, such as affective bond with the relationship (or organization, or action), avoiding losing investment with the relationship (or organization, or action), and/or justifying the rightness of earlier deci- sions. When customers perceive that a platform provides a trustworthy system for m- payment transactions, their continuance intentions toward using the platform will be enhanced (McKnight et al., 2002). H5. Trust positively influences Commitment in Mobile Payment. H6. Commitment positively influences Continuance Intention in Mobile Payment. Sembiring, O., Hamonangan Aruan, D.T. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 36-46 Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.04 https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.01 40 RESEARCH METHODS The research data collection was using through an online questionnaire with Qualtrics Survey Software and administered as a pre-test in a sample of 60 individuals, and was subsequently extended to a sample of 609 mobile payment users in Indonesia. We selected active mobile payment users for the past 3 months. The analysis sample consisted Indonesian Mobile Payments users approved by age <22 years (72%). In ad- dition to questions about demographic variables, some questions about the frequency of mobile payments applications, education, and monthly income. The research variables consist of five variables, namely trust, mobility, customi- zation, commitment, and continuance intention. Trust, mobility, customization and continuance intention have 3 question items. Meanwhile, commitment has 6 question items. All items were measured on a 7-point Likert scale. PLS-SEM is mainly used to develop theories in exploratory research. PLS-SEM focuses on explaining the variance of the dependent variable when examining the model (Hair Jr., Hult, Ringle, & Sar- stedt, 2017). In situations where the theory is less developed, researchers need to con- sider the use of PLS-SEM. This is especially true if the main purpose of implementing structural modeling is the prediction and explanation of target constructs (Hair Jr. et al., 2017). RESULT AND DISCUSSION Validity and Reliability The first criterion that is evaluated is internal consistency reliability through Cronbach's alpha value as an estimate of reliability based on the intercorrelation of the observer indicator variable. Other than that, composite reliability is also considered as a criterion of consistency reliability with values varying from 0-1. In this study, Cronbach's alpha value and consistency reliability were between 0.7 to 0.9 so that it Construct Name Total Items Adapted From COM Commitment 6 Yuan, Yang et. al (2018) CI Continuance Intention 3 Yuan, Yang et. al (2018) Shao, Zen et. al (2018) CUS Customization 3 Shao, Zen et. al (2018) MOB Mobility 3 Shao, Zen et. al (2018) REP Reputation 7 Shao, Zen et. al (2018) Ageeva, Elena et. al (2018) SEC Security 3 Shao, Zen et. al (2018) TRS Trust 3 Yuan, Yang et. al (2018) Shao, Zen et. al (2018) Sembiring, O., Hamonangan Aruan, D.T. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 36-46 Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.04 https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.01 41 was considered satisfactory. The same interpretation can be implemented to composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha. The second criterion is convergent validity, which is the extent to which the measurement is positively correlated with alternative measurements of the same con- struct. To evaluate the convergent validity of a reflective construct, researchers need to consider the outer loading of the indicator and the average variance extracted (AVE). Standardized outer loading ≥ 0.708. In general, indicators with outer loading between 0.40 to 0.70 need to be considered to be removed from the scale only if removing this indicator, composite reliability or AVE can be increased. Meanwhile AVE value ≥ 0.5 means that on average the construct explains more than half the variance of the indica- tor. And the last criterion, Discriminant validity is the extent to which a construct is completely different from other constructs by empirical standards. Measurement of discriminant validity can be done with the HTMT approach. Technically, the HTMT approach is how to estimate the true correlation between two constructs, if they are perfectly reliable. HTMT value < 0.90 indicates the amount of discriminant validity. Path Analysis PLS-SEM estimates parameters so that the variance explained in maximum endoge- nous latent variables. To analyze structural models, there are several things that need to be done (Hair Jr. et al., 2017). Standard assessment criteria that need to be consid- ered include the coefficient of determination (R2), blindfolding-based cross-validated redundancy (Q2) measurement, and the statistical significance and relevance of the path coefficient (Hair, Risher, Sarstedt, & Ringle, 2019). Use boostrap to assess the significance of the path coefficient. The minimum number of bootsrap samples is 5000. The t value for the two-tailed test is 1.65 (significance level = 10%), 1.96 CA CR AVE CO M CI CUS MO B REP SEC TRS COM 0.78 4 0.84 8 0.48 2 CI 0.82 6 0.89 6 0.74 3 0.712 CUS 0.70 1 0.83 4 0.62 6 0.553 0.40 7 MOB 0.75 1 0.85 8 0.66 8 0.485 0.32 5 0.70 3 REP 0.84 3 0.88 1 0.52 1 0.685 0.43 5 0.63 3 0.548 SEC 0.85 7 0.91 3 0.77 7 0.538 0.33 5 0.53 5 0.491 0.64 4 TRS 0.80 0 0.88 3 0.71 6 0.758 0.53 8 0.68 7 0.585 0.85 0 0.689 Sembiring, O., Hamonangan Aruan, D.T. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 36-46 Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.04 https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.01 42 (significance level = 5%), and 2.57 (significance level = 1%). In addition, the p value must be less than 0.1 (significance level = 10%), 0.05 (significance level = 5%), or 0.01 (significance level = 1%). It measures the coefficient of determination (R2 Value) which is the most common measurement for evaluating structural models. To examine coefficient represents the amount of variance in endogenous constructs explained by all exogenous constructs that are related to it. R2 values vary from 0 to 1, with higher numbers indicating high predictive accuracy. Discussion Mobility is defined as the relative advantage of being able to access Mobile pay- ment anytime and anywhere (Shao et al., 2018). When customers perceive a mobile platform as a unique tool readily available for most types of payment services, they will trust it and use it more frequently (Bachfischer et al., 2004). Customization is de- fined as the ability for customers to customize the information function, payment methods and security settings based on their favorite and accustomed behavior (Huang et al., 2014). Li and Yeh (2010) show that customization has remarkable interpreting ability on trust in m commerce. Security is considered as a significant factor in protect- ing customers from transactional uncertainties and risks. Therefore it can help promote customers’ trust in the third party platforms (Xin et al., 2015). Reputable providers are more likely to attract transactions from customers (Grazioli and Jarvenpaa, 2000; Teo and Liu, 2007). Providers with a bad reputation usually lose online transactions from potential customers (Ba, 2001). In the Mobile Payment context, scholars have indicated the important role of platform reputation in fostering customers’ trust. According to the commitment literature, commitment re- flects a decision maker’s motivations to continuously stay within the Relationship, such as affective bond with the relationship (or organization, or action), avoiding los- ing investment with the relationship (or organization, or action), and/or justifying the rightness of earlier decisions. When customers perceive that a platform provides a trustworthy system for m-payment transactions, their continuance intentions toward using the platform will be enhanced (McKnight et al., 2002) Variable Relationships T Statistics P Values Re-sult Mobility  Trust 2.238 0.025 Positive Significant Customization  Trust 4.157 0.000 Positive Significant Reputation  Trust 14.206 0.000 Positive Significant Security  Trust 4.810 0.000 Positive Significant Trust  Commitment 24.687 0.000 Positive Significant Commitment  Continuance Intention 20.335 0.000 Positive Significant Sembiring, O., Hamonangan Aruan, D.T. (2020). Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 36-46 Trust and Commitment Toward Mobile Payment Platform. https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.04 https://doi.org/10.21009/JOBBE.004.2.01 43 CONCLUSION This study was empirically tested on Mobile Payment Users by using an online survey to see the effects of variable mobility, customization, security, reputation and the effect of trust is mediated by a commitment on continuance intention. This find- ings that customers’ perception of mobility and customization attributes are signifi- cant antecedents that promote trust in an m- payment platform, which in turn facili- tates their continuance intention. Thus, the research can enhance our understanding of Mobile Payment usage in Indonesia from an innovation diffusion theoretical perspec- tive.The research to be carried out is expected to benefit several parties. 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