J. Ent. Acar. Res.
Ser. II, 43 (3): 301-313

30 December 2011

G. PellIzzarI

Two new species of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) from Sardinia (Italy) 
with a check list of Sardinian Coccoidea 

Abstract - Two new species of scale insects collected in Sardinia (Italy) are de-
scribed and illustrated: Spinococcus giuliae sp. n. (Pseudococcidae) off the roots 
of Umbilicus rupestris (crassulaceae) and Micrococcus sardous sp. n. (Micrococ-
cidae) off the root of an undetermined grass (Poaceae) growing near the sea. an 
identification key to Micrococcus species and a revised list of the scales presently 
known in the island are also provided. 

Riassunto - Due nuove specie di cocciniglie (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) della Sardegna 
(Italia) con una check list dei Coccoidea sardi
Vengono descritte due nuove specie di cocciniglie, Spinococcus giuliae sp. n. 
(Pseudococcidae) e Micrococcus sardous sp. n.(Micrococcidae), raccolte in Sarde-
gna. Gli esemplari di S. giuliae sono stati raccolti su radici di Umbilicus rupestris 
(crassulaceae) sul Monte albo (Sassari), mentre M. sardous è stato raccolto su radici 
di una graminacea indeterminata sulla spiaggia di capo ceraso (olbia). Vengono 
presentati una chiave di identificazione delle 8 specie di Micrococcus finora note e 
una check list degli Hemiptera coccoidea di Sardegna.

Key words: Pseudococcidae, Spinococcus giuliae n. sp., Micrococcidae, Micro-
coccus sardous n.sp., genus Micrococcus identification key.

INTroDUcTIoN

one hundred and one species of scale insects (Hemiptera: coccoidea) are currently 
known from Sardinia, (Pellizzari & russo, 2006), including alien invasive species,. When 
one considers that almost 400 species of scale insect are known from mainland Italy 
(Pellizzari, 2010), the few recorded from Sardinia suggests that the scale insect fauna of 
the island is still largely unknown. During a survey, carried out some years ago, mostly 
in North-eastern Sardinia, some apparently new scale insect species were collected. 
Their presence on the island was briefly commented on a previous paper (Pellizzari & 
Fontana, 1996). In the present paper, two new species, one belonging to Spinococcus 
(Pseudococcidae) and the other to Micrococcus (Micrococcidae) are described and il-
lustrated. The opportunity is taken to also revise the list of Sardinian scale insects based 
on previous papers (Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996; Pellizzari, 2003; Pellizzari & russo, 
2006) and on ScaleNet (Ben-Dov et al., 2011).



journal of entomological and acarological research, Ser. II, 43 (3), 2011302

MaTerIalS aND MeTHoDS

Specimens were slide mounted according to the procedures of kosztarab and kozár 
(1988). Measurements and frequencies are given as mean, followed by the ranges in 
parentheses. Terminology follows that of Williams (1985) and Miller & Williams (1995) 
respectively for Pseudococcidae and Micrococcidae.

Specimens depository: The Scientific Museums of the University of Padova (Italy), 
Department of environmental agronomy & crop Production - entomology (Deae);

PSEUDOCOCCIDAE

Spinococcus giuliae n. sp.

Adult female (Fig. 1) 

Material studied: Holotype: adult female, Mount albo, Nuoro province, Sardinia 
(Italy), off roots of Umbilicus rupestris (crassulaceae), 21 May 1995, Deae, slide 
n.651/3. Paratypes: 4 adult females, same data as holotype. Slides n.651/1, 651/2, 
651/4, 651/5.

Living specimens: body broadly oval, convex. Derm covered with white powdery wax, 
body segmentation apparent.
Mounted specimen. Body broadly oval, 2 (1.7-2.2) mm long, 1.4 (1-1.6) mm wide; 
anal lobes poorly developed.
Venter. labium 3-segmented, with 2 pairs of setae on unsclerotised basal segment, one 
pair on middle segment and 5 pairs on apical segment. Stylet loop not quite reaching 
level of second coxae antennae 9-segmented; total length of each antenna 343 (325-
370) µm. Scape with 3 setae, 2nd segment with 2 setae and 1 sensory pore, 3rd segment 
without setae, 4th segment with 2 setae, 5th segment with 1 fleshy seta, 6th segment with 
1 fleshy seta + 2 setose setae, 7th segment with 3 fleshy setae + 7 flagellate or hair-like. 
eyes near margin, protruding. legs well developed; hind coxa without translucent 
pores; trochanter with 2 campaniform pores. Measurements of metathoracic leg (in µm): 
coxa 117 (100-125); trochanter + femur 216 (190-240); tibia 176 (150-200); tarsus 80 
(70-90); tarsal digitules knobbed; claw digitules longer than claw, knobbed; claw about 
18 µm long, with a small denticle. Body setae: ventral setae hair-like, distributed in a 
transvers single row on each abdominal segment, with the 2 medial setae usually longer; 
other setae present near coxae, on thorax, and on head. Minute hair-like setae sparse 
on abdominal segments; minute spine-like setae, each about 4-6 µm long, distributed 
on body submargin. Trilocular pores, each 3–4 µm wide, numerous, forming transverse 
bands on posterior abdominal segments, becoming less abundant anteriorly and sparse 
on head and on medial and submarginal parts of thorax; also with 2–6 pores laterad to 
each spiracle opening. Tubular ducts absent. Quinquelocular disc-pores and multilocular 



303G. Pellizzari: Two new species of scale insects from Sardinia (Italy)

Fig. 1 - Spinococcus giuliae sp. n.: adult female.



journal of entomological and acarological research, Ser. II, 43 (3), 2011304

disc-pores very rare or absent: one of the five specimens had one quinquelocular disc-
pore and another had one multilocular disc-pore (slides n.651/3 and n.651/4) near vulva. 
circulus present between segment III and IV, oval, poorly developed. anal lobes each 
with one apical seta 117 (100-175) µm long and 2 subapical setae. Spinulae present on 
last abdominal segments.
Dorsum. cerarii numbering 18 pairs, each with 2 spinose setae, each about 10 µm 
long, and 3-5 associated trilocular pores. on two specimens, some abdominal cerarii 
were elevated from surrounding derm (slides n.651/2 and n.651/4), suggesting that all 
cerarii could be elevated from surrounding derm on young females. anal lobe cerarii 
with 3 spinose conical setae, longer than other cerarian setae, each about 16 µm long, 
and 9-12 trilocular pores. 
Dorsal surface with spinose setae similar to cerarian setae, each 6-8 µm long, each often 
associated with 2 or 3 trilocular pores, but sometimes with 2 setae close together, plus 5 
or 6 trilocular pores. Trilocular pores otherwise evenly distributed, each about 4 µm wide.
anterior pair of ostioles membranous but posterior ostioles with inner edge of lips lightly 
sclerotized; each lip with 5-8 trilocular pores. Multilocular pores absent. Tubular ducts 
absent. anal ring with a double row of pores and 3 pairs of setae. 

Derivatio nominis. The species is named after my younger daughter Giulia. 

Comments
There is some disagreement about the status of Spinococcus Borchsenius, which was a 
replacement name for Acanthococcus kiritchenko (a homonym of Acathococcus Signo-
ret). Danzig (1980) synonymized Spinococcus with Peliococcus Borchsenius. according 
to Williams (1962), kostzarab & kozár (1988) and Tang (1992), the main morphological 
characters of the genus Spinococcus (presence of 17 or 18 pairs of cerarii, each consist-
ing of two conical setae with some triloculars at their base, and presence of dorsal setae, 
similar to cerarian setae, associated with triloculars) differ from Peliococcus which is 
characterized by dorsal clusters of multilocular disc-pores, each cluster with one or more 
tubular ducts in centre (Williams, 1962; kosztarab, 1996). The boundaries of the genus 
Peliococcus appear unclear since species previously placed in the genus Spinococcus 
(i.e. S. morrisoni kiritshenko, P. multispinus Sirawa) were later included in Peliococcus 
(Danzig, 1980). Because of these differences, several authors (for instance, kostzarab 
& kozár, 1988; Tang, 1992; Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1995; lagowska, 2005) have recog-
nised both Spinococcus and Peliococcus. Indeed, Danzig herself, in a subsequent paper 
(2001), distinguishes two distinct forms in the genus Peliococcus, named respectively 
the “Peliococcus type” and the “Spinococcus type”. For these reasons. the new species 
has been described in the genus Spinococcus Borchsenius.
The most peculiar character of S. giuliae is the absence, or extreme scarcity, of disc-pores 
and the absence of tubular ducts. Many coccoidea have few or even no multilocular 
disc-pores near their genital opening and this character is generally associated with 
ovoviviparity. However, tubular ducts are usually present in Pseudococcids, at least on 
the venter.



305G. Pellizzari: Two new species of scale insects from Sardinia (Italy)

In the Mediterranean basin, the genus Spinococcus previously included S. convolvuli 
ezzat, recorded in egypt, S. mathisi (Balachowsky) known from France and Tunisia, 
and S. multispinus (Siraiwa) recorded from southern Italy (Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1995). 

MICROCOCCIDAE

Micrococcus sardous n. sp.

Adult female (fig. 2)

Material studied: Holotype: adult female, capo ceraso, olbia province, Sardinia 
(Italy), off roots of Ammophila arenaria? (Poaceae) growing near the beach, 24.v.1995, 
Deae, slide n.712/1.
Paratypes: 6 adult females, same data as holotype. Slides n.712/2-7; 2 first instars, 
slide n.712/8.

Living specimens. Body shape broadly oval, very convex or almost spherical in repro-
ductive females; red brown in colour.
Mounted specimen. Body broadly oval in pre-reproductive female, almost round in 
reproductive female, 3.12 (2.2-3.6) mm long, 2.9 (1.7-3.6) mm wide.
Venter. antennae 3-segmented, segment I: 65 (56-70) µm long, II 46 (40-50) µm, III 
105 (100-110) µm. labium apparently of one segment, 110 µm long and 132 µm wide, 
with 4 pairs of setae, each about 34 µm long. Stylet loop reaching level of mid coxae. 
legs well developed, femur enlarged, tarsus and tibia fused; trochanter + femur 216 
(200-250) µm long, tibia + tarsus 233 (210-270) µm long, claw without denticle, 43 µm 
long, tarsal digitules 40 µm long.
Spiracles well developed, 80 µm wide and 90 µm long, each spiracle surrounded by a 
slightly sclerotised area; atrium of spiracle filled with about 50 intrastigmatic multilocular 
pores. Parastigmatic multilocular pores, each 8 µm wide with 7-20 loculi, distributed 
irregularly in a submarginal band on thorax, most numerous near spiracles, and form-
ing 2 or 3 loose groups on submargin of abdominal segments, plus a few laterad to anal 
opening; rare on middle of abdominal segment V. Tubular ducts present, of two sizes: 
larger 20.4 (16-24) µm long, 6.4 µm wide, with thin inner filament about 16 µm long, 
distributed on mid-abdominal segments; smaller type slender, 27 (24-32) µm long and 
2.4-3.3 µm wide, with inner filament about 20 µm long, distributed medially on thorax 
and head, but most abundant on apex of head. Ventral setae sparse, small, about 11 µm 
long. Discoidal pores circular, with sclerotised rim, each about 5-6.4 µm wide, scat-
tered. Minute bilocular pores sparse, mainly on body submargin; larger bilocular pores 
sparse on thorax. 
Dorsum. apparent anal lobes broad, with long and stout setae, number variable, from 
4 to 8 on each lobe, each seta 380 µm (335-416) long. True anal lobes modified into 
two crescentic anal plates surrounding anal opening, each bearing 4 setae, 2 on anterior 



journal of entomological and acarological research, Ser. II, 43 (3), 2011306

Fig. 2 - Micrococcus sardous sp. n.: adult female



307G. Pellizzari: Two new species of scale insects from Sardinia (Italy)

edge, about 16 µm, long, 1 on posterior edge, 65 µm long, plus 1 near apex of posterior 
edge, about 10 µm. 
anal opening situated away from abdominal margin. anal ring with 2 or 3 rows of cells 
and with 7-10 long setae on each side, longest 160 (120-200) µm long, smallest 138 
(128-144) µm. Discoidal pores with sclerotised rim, circular, about 4.5-6.5 µm wide, 
scattered over dorsum. Short setae, each 6.5 µm long, scattered. Small and minute 
bilocular pores sparse throughout.

Derivatio nominis
The species name sardous is the latin adjective, gender masculine, meaning “of Sardinia, 
pertinent to Sardinia”, after the Italian island of Sardinia where this species was collected.

Comments
The genus Micrococcus was diagnosed by Marotta et al. (1995) and Miller et al. (2005). 
M. sardous is near to M. baeticae Matile-Ferrero & Williams, but differs mainly as fol-
lows (character-states on M. baeticae in brackets): 1) anal opening some distance from 
apex of abdomen (very close to apex of abdomen) 2) absence or paucity of parastigmatic 
multilocular pores on ventral abdominal segments (parastigmatic multilocular pores 
forming bands across abdominal segments), and 3) presence of several discoidal pores 
with a sclerotised rim around labium (absent on M. baeticae). on the other hand, the 
morphology of the first-instar nymph of M. sardous (slides n.712/8 and in.712/2, inside 
the female body) is close to that of M. bodenheimeri Bytinski-Salz (Miller & Williams, 
1995): it has parastigmatic pores, each with 5-8 loculi) on each side of the body, in groups 
of 3 - 4 near each spiracle and hind coxa, with one pore inside each spiracle, and there 
are no pores on the body margin between the anterior and posterior spiracles. 
The genus Micrococcus is presently known only in countries surrounding the Mediter-
ranean basin (Morocco, Tunisia, algeria, Spain, Sardinia and Italy mainland, croatia, 
Turkey, cyprus, Israel) (Marotta et al., 1995; Miller et al., 2005; Matile-Ferrero & 
Williams, 2006; kaydan et al., 2007; Masten Milek & Simala, 2008). all were col-
lected off roots of wild or cultivated Gramineae and are often associated with ants of 
the genus Tapinoma. With this new species, the known Micrococcus species reaches 8. 
In Sardinia, 2 other Micrococcus species are known, namely M. silvestrii leonardi and 
M. similis leonardi. 

KEy TO ADULT FEMALE OF MICROCOCCUS 
(modified after Miller & Williams, 1995)

1  Parastigmatic pores absent or restricted to thorax ....................................................2
–  Parastigmatic pores present on thorax and abdomen ...............................................5

2   (1) Parastigmatic pores absent; with fewer than 10 setae on each anal plate ...........3
–   Parastigmatic pores present near each spiracular plate; with more than 10 setae on 

each anal plate.  ................................................................................similis leonardi



journal of entomological and acarological research, Ser. II, 43 (3), 2011308

3   (2) Some marginal discoidal pores oval, with oval sclerotization in shape of an eye 
(according to Miller & Williams, based on 2nd instar female .................... M. rungsi 
Balachowsky

–   Marginal discoidal pores all round, or if oval, without sclerotization in shape of an 
eye ............................................................................................................................4

4    (3) antennae 3-segmented; longest seta on apparent anal lobes 237 (172-306) µm 
long  ....................................................................... M. bodenheimeri Bytinsky-Salz

–   antennae 2-segmented (segments III and II partially or completely fused); longest 
seta on apparent anal lobes 90 (83-96) µm long ............. M. dumonti Balachowsky.

5   (1) longest dorsal seta on metathorax longer than 100 µm; with 9 or more setae on 
each hind femur  ................................................. M. longispinus Miller & Williams

–   longest dorsal seta on metathorax shorter than 100 µm; with 8 or fewer setae on 
each hind femur ........................................................................................................6

6    (5) Tibia + tarsus more than 300 mm long; with more than 5 parastigmatic pores near 
each lateral margin of abdominal segment IV .........................M. silvestrii leonardi 

–    Tibia + tarsus less than 300 mm long; parastigmatic pores absent on margin of ab-
dominal segment I ....................................................................................................7

7    (6) Parastigmatic multilocular pores present on margin of head, thorax and abdominal 
segment I and II ...................................................... M. confusus Miller & Williams

–    parastigmatic multilocular pores present on margin of head and thorax and also 
submarginally or medially on other abdominal segments  .......................................8

8    (7) anal ring situated on apex of abdomen. Parastigmatic multilocular pores forming 
wide bands across segments II-V of abdomen  .........  M. baeticae Matile Ferrero & 
Williams

–   anal ring situated far from apex of abdomen. Parastigmatic multilocular pores form-
ing loose groups on submargin of abdominal segments II-VIII  ....M. sardous n. sp.

coNclUSIoN

With the addition of the newly described species and the revision of the previous lists 
(Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996; Pellizzari & russo, 2005), 105 scale insect species have 
now been recorded from Sardinia. The revised list is shown in Table 1. The previously 
recorded mealybug Chaetococcus sulcii (Green) (Ben-Dov et al., 2011) proved to be an 
erroneous record for Sardinia. So far, C. sulcii is known in Italy only in Valle d’aosta 
(North Italy) (Matile-Ferrero & Pellizzari, 2002). The diaspidid Melanaspis inopinata 
(leonardi) is added to the list of known species from the island (Melis, 1930). The pres-
ence of the eriococcid Acanthococcus devoniensis (Green) in Sardinia is regarded as 



309G. Pellizzari: Two new species of scale insects from Sardinia (Italy)

Table 1 - Check-list of scale insects recorded in Sardinia. An asterisk marks the alien introduced 
species.

Family Species Validation source
aclerDIDae Aclerda berlesii Buffa, 1897 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

aSTerolecaNIIDae Asterodiaspis bella (russell, 1941) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Asterodiaspis ilicicola (Targioni Tozzetti, 1888) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Planchonia arabidis Signoret, 1876 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Planchonia zanthenes (russell, 1941) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Pollinia pollini (costa, 1857) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

coccIDae Ceroplastes rusci (linnaeus, 1758)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005
» Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, 1900* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Coccus hesperidum linnaeus, 1758* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Eulecanium ericae (Balachowsky, 1936) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Eulecanium tiliae (linnaeus, 1758) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Filippia follicularis Targioni Tozzetti, 1867 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Lecanopsis myrmecophila leonardi, 1908 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Lichtensia viburni Signoret, 1873 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood, 1870)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Pulvinaria vitis (linnaeus, 1758) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi (Vallot, 1830)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Rhizopulvinaria maritima canard, 1967 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Saissetia ficinum (Paoli, 1915) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Saissetia oleae (olivier, 1791)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Fonscolombe, 1834) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead,1901) Pellizzari, 2003

DIaSPIDIDae Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (Signoret, 1869) Pellizzari & russo, 2005
» Adiscodiaspis ericicola (Marchal, 1909) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Aonidia lauri (Bouché, 1833) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Aonidia mediterranea (lindinger, 1910) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, 1933* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Aulacaspis rosae (Bouché, 1833) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Carulaspis minima (Signoret, 1869)  Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Chionaspis etrusca leonardi, 1908 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, 1889)* Melis, 1930, longo et al., 

1995 
» Diaspidiotus bavaricus (lindinger, 1912) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Diaspidiotus cecconii (leonardi, 1908) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Diaspidiotus labiatarum (Marchall, 1909) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996



journal of entomological and acarological research, Ser. II, 43 (3), 2011310

» Diaspidiotus lenticularis (lindinger, 1912) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (curtis,1843) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Diaspidiotus perniciosus (comstock, 1881)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Duplachionaspis berlesii (leonardi, 1898) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Dynaspidiotus ephedrarum (lindinger, 1912) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret, 1869) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Furchadaspis zamiae (Morgan, 1890)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Gonaspidiotus minimus (leonardi, 1896) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret, 1869)* Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Hemiberlesia rapax (comstock, 1881) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Lepidosaphes beckii (Newmann, 1869)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Gmelin, 1789)  Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Lepidosaphes flava (Signoret, 1870)  Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard, 1869)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Lepidosaphes ulmi (linnaeus, 1758) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Leucaspis pusilla loew, 1883 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Leucaspis signoreti Targioni Tozzetti, 1868 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Lineaspis striata (Newstead, 1897) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Melanaspis inopinata (leonardi) Melis 1930
» Parlatoria oleae (colvée, 1880) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Parlatoria pergandii comstock, 1881 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Parlatoria proteus (curtis, 1843)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Parlatoria ziziphi (lucas, 1853)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti, 1886)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Rungaspis capparidis (Bodenheimer, 1929) Pellizzari, 2003
» Saharaspis ceardi (Balachowsky, 1928) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Targionia nigra Signoret, 1870 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Targionia vitis (Signoret, 1876) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Unaspis euonymi (comstock, 1881)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

erIococcIDae Acanthococcus acutus (Goux, 1938) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Acanthoccus araucariae araucariae (Maskell, 1879)* Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Acanthoccus devoniensis (Green, 1896)?? Hoy, 1963 longo et al., 

1995 
» Acanthococcus ericae Signoret Tranfaglia & esposito, 

1985
» Gossyparia spuria (Modeer, 1778) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

kerMeSIDae Kermes bacciformis leonardi, 1908 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Kermes ilicis (linnaeus, 1758) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Kermes vermilio Planchon, 1864 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

lecaNoDIaSPIDIDae Lecanodiaspis sardoa Targioni Tozzetti, 1869 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 



311G. Pellizzari: Two new species of scale insects from Sardinia (Italy)

MoNoPHleBIDae Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius, 1775) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1879* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

MIcrococcIDae Micrococcus sardous sp. n. Present paper
» Micrococcus silvestrii leonardi, 1907 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Micrococcus similis leonardi, 1907 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

PSeUDococcIDae Balanococcus orientalis Dantsig & Ivanova, 1976  Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Chorizococcus rostellum (lobdell, 1930) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Dysmicoccus kozari Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Dysmicoccus pietroi Marotta, 1992 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Euripersia inquilina (leonardi, 1908) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Euripersia sardiniae (leonardi, 1908) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Nipaecoccus delassusi (Balachowsky, 1925) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Peliococcus manifectus Borchsenius, 1949 Pellizzari, 2003
» Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret, 1875) Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Phenacoccus asphodeli Goux, 1942 Pellizzari, 2003
» Phenacoccus graminicola leonardi, 1908 Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Phenacoccus incertus (kiritchenko, 1940) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Planococcus citri (risso, 1813) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Planococcus vovae (Nassonov, 1908)  Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell, 1878)° Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867)* Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret, 1875) * Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Spinococcus giuliae sp. n. Present paper
» Trabutina mannipara (Hemprich & ehrenberg, 1829)  Pellizzari & russo, 2005 
» Trionymus multivorus (kiritchenko, 1936) Pellizzari, 2003
» Trionymus myrmecarius (leonardi, 1908) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

PUToIDae Puto palinuri Marotta e Tranfaglia, 1993 Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996
» Puto superbus (leonardi, 1907) Pellizzari & russo, 2005 

doubtful. It was first reported from Sardinia by leonardi (1908, p.159). later, leonardi 
himself (1920) placed this first record among the synonyms of A. ericae (Signoret) and 
clearly reported that the species was collected in Sardinia. Subsequent authors (Paoli, 
1916; Hoy, 1963; Pellizzari & russo, 2005) only referred to the first record of 1908. 
Tranfaglia & esposito (1985) redescribed A. ericae from old specimens preserved in 
the Portici collection, collected in Sardinia possibly by leonardi, and labelled E. devo-
niensis. Some specimens collected more recently in Sardinia by Pellizzari and Fontana 
and identified as A. devoniensis (Pellizzari & Fontana, 1996) have proved to be a misi-
dentification of A. ericae (F. kozár, personal communication, 2011). The old record of 
Carulaspis visci (Schrank) is regarded as a misidentification of C. minima or, likely, of 
C.juniperi, with which. it was in the past confused, until the situation was clarified by 



journal of entomological and acarological research, Ser. II, 43 (3), 2011312

Baccetti (1960). This is strengthen by the fact that the only host plant of the true C. visci, 
is Viscum album, and this epiphytic plant is absent in Sardinia (zuber, 2004).

ackNoWleDGeMeNTS

Many thanks to Ferenc kozár, Plant protection Department, Hungarian academy 
of Sciences, Budapest, for his useful remarks and observations and to c. Hodgson, The 
National Museum of Wales, cardiff, Uk, who revised the manuscript and suggested 
some improvements. Thanks to Paolo Paolucci, Dipartimento agronomia ambientale e 
Produzioni Vegetali, University of Padova, who kindly made the drawings.

reFereNceS

BAccetti B. 1960 - le cocciniglie Italiane delle cupressaceae. - redia, 45: 23-111.
Ben-dov, y., Miller, dr., giBson, g.A.P., 2011 - ScaleNet: a database of the scale insects 

of the World. available in: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/Scalenet/Scalenet.htm (accessed 
16.8.2011).

dAnzig e.M., 1980 - coccoids of the Far east USSr (Homoptera, coccinea) with phylogenetic 
analysis of scale insects fauna of the world. (In russian). Nauka, leningrad. 367 pp. (english 
translation in 1986 by amerind Publishing co., New Delhi, India. 450 pp. 

dAnzig e.M., 2001 - Mealybugs of the genera Peliococcus and Peliococcopsis from russia and 
neighbouring countries (Homoptera: coccinea: Pseudococcidae). - zoosystematica rossica, 
9(1): 123-154.

hoy, J.M. 1963 - a catalogue of the eriococcidae (Homoptera: coccoidea) of the world. - New 
zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial research Bulletin 150, 260 pp.

kAydAn M.B., ÜlgentÜrk s., erkiliç l., 2007 - Turkiye’nin gozden gecirilmis coccoidea (He-
miptera) turleri listesi. [checklist of Turkish coccoidea species (Hemiptera)]. - Yüzüncü Yil 
Üniversitesi ziraat Fakültesi, Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2): 89-106.

kosztArAB M., 1996 - Scale insects of Northeastern North america. Identification, biology, and 
distribution. - Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsburg, Virginia. 650 pp.

kosztArAB M., kozár F., 1988 - Scale Insects of central europe. - akademiai kiado, Budapest, 
456 pp.

lAgowskA B., 2005 - Spinococcus morrisoni (kirichenko, 1936) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) 
new to the fauna of Poland. - Polskie Pismo entomologiczne, 74(1): 39-42.

leonArdi g., 1908 - Seconda contribuzione alla conoscenza della cocciniglie Italiane. - Bollettino 
del regio laboratorio di entomologia agraria di Portici, 3: 150-191.

leonArdi, g., 1920 - Monografia delle cocciniglie Italiane. - Della Torre, Portici, 555 pp. 
MArottA s., trAnFAgliA a., 1995 - Nuovi pseudococcidi per la fauna italiana, con descrizione di 

una nuova specie. - Bollettino della Società entomologica Italiana. Genova, 126(3): 269-276. 
MArottA s., sPicciArelli r., trAnFAgliA a., 1995 (1993) - Diagnosis of Micrococcus leonardi, 

redescription of type with discussion of the status of the family Micrococcidae (Homoptera 
coccoidea). - Bollettino del laboratorio di entomologia agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’, 50: 
175-198.



313G. Pellizzari: Two new species of scale insects from Sardinia (Italy)

MAsten Milek t., siMAlA M., 2008 - list of the scale insects (Hemiptera: coccoidea) of croatia. 
105-119 In: Branco M., Franco j.c., Hodgson c.j., (editors), Proceedings of the XI Inter-
national Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, oeiras, Portugal, 24-27 September 2007. ISa 
Press, lisbon, Portugal, 322 pp.

MAtile Ferrero d., PellizzAri g., 2002 -contribution to the knowledge of the scale insects 
(Hemiptera coccoidea) from the aosta Valley (Italy). - Bollettino di zoologia agraria e di 
Bachicoltura Ser.II, 34 (3): 347-360.

MAtile-Ferrero d., williAMs D.j., 2006 - Description of a new species of Micrococcus leon-
ardi from Spain (Hemiptera, coccoidea, Micrococcidae). - revue Française d’entomologie, 
28(3): 125-128.

Melis A., 1930 - contribuzione alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi alle piante agrarie e forestali 
della Sardegna. - redia, 18: 1-120.

Miller d.r., williAMs D.j., 1995 (1993) - Systematic revision of the Family Micrococcidae 
(Homoptera: coccoidea), with a discussion of its relationships, and a description of a gynan-
dromorph. - Bollettino del laboratorio di entomologia agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’. Portici, 
50: 199-247.

Miller d.r., giMPel M.e., rung A., 2005 - a systematic catalogue of the cerococcidae, Hali-
mococcidae, kermesidae, Micrococcidae, ortheziidae, Phenacoleachiidae, Phoenicococcidae 
and Stictococcidae (Hemiptera: coccoidea) of the world. - Intercept limited, Wimbourne, 
Uk, 554 pp.

PAoli, g. 1915 - contributo alla conoscenze della cocciniglie della Sardegna. - redia, 11: 239-268.
PellizzAri G., 2003 - Hemiptera coccoidea nuovi o poco noti per l’Italia. - Bollettino di zoologia 

agraria e di Bachicoltura, 35(2): 99-106.
PellizzAri g., 2010 - New data on the Italian scale insects fauna. - acta Phytopathologica et 

entomologica Hungarica, 45 (1): 89-93.
PellizzAri g., FontAnA P., 1996 - contribution to the knowledge of Homoptera coccoidea of 

Sardinia with description of a new species. - Bollettino di zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, 
28: 119-140.

PellizzAri g., russo A., 2005 - list of the scale insects (Hemiptera, coccoidea) of Italy. In: 
erkiliç l. & kaydan M.B. (editors), Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Scale 
Insect Studies, adana/ Turkey, 19-23 april 2004: 167-183.

tAng F.T., 1992 - The Pseudococcidae of china. Shanxi agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 
china. 768 pp (in chinese, summary in english).

trAnFAgliA A., esPosito A., 1985 - Studi sugli Homoptera coccoidea. VII. le specie italiane 
del genere Eriococcus Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869. - Bollettino del laboratorio di entomologia 
agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’, 42: 113-134.

williAMs d.J. 1962 - The British Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: coccoidea). - Bulletin of the 
British Museum (Natural History) entomology, 12: 1-79.

zuBer D., 2004 - Biological flora of central europe: Viscum album l.. – Flora. Morphology, 
Distribution, Functional ecology of Plants, 199 (39): 181-203.

giusePPinA PellizzAri - Università di Padova, Dipartimento agronomia ambientale e Produzi-
oni Vegetali, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 legnaro, Italy. e-mail: giuseppina.pellizzari@
unipd.it

accepted 10 November 2011