jear2012 [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2015; 47:4838] [page 73] Preliminary checklist of Iranian mymarids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae) H. Lotfalizadeh Department of Plant Protection, East-Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran Abstract Twenty-seven species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) belonging to eight genera are recorded from Iran: Anagrus Haliday (4 species), Anaphes Haliday (2 species), Camoptoptera Foerster (1 species), Erythmelus Enock (4 species), Gonatocerus Nees (10 species), Mymar Curtis (1 species), Polynema Haliday (3 species), and Stephanodes Enock (2 species). Brief information on their known biol- ogy and hosts is provided. Two genera, Gonatocerus and Anagrus, include about 80% of specimen composition. Introduction The family Mymaridae includes some of the smallest known insects: the combined lengths of three or even four adult individuals may not even equal 1 mm (Annecke & Doutt, 1961). More than 1400 species and 100 genera are known (Noyes, 2013). This family is one of the most distinctive of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, in having the anten- nal toruli quite far apart (3-5 times their own diameter), usually a reduced wing venation, and distinctive fringed wings (Nikol’skaya, 1978). Its members are abundant and easily collected using a variety of trapping methods. The hosts of Mymaridae include eggs of Hemiptera, Psocoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera and some other insect orders (Huber, 1986). But only about one quarter of the genera have hosts reported for them. As in the Trichogrammatidae, several mymarids attack eggs of the aquatic insects. Huber (1986) published a comprehensive review of the known hosts of the mymarids known to that date. A few species of mymarids have been responsible for biolog- ical control successes (Lin et al., 2007). Unfortunately, the fauna of this family has not been studied compre- hensively in Iran, so that only 11 species, namely Anagrus atomus (L.), A. nigriceps (Smits van Burgst), Erythmelus flavovarius (Walker), E. israeliensis Viggiani & Jesu, E. panis (Enock), E. rex (Girault), Gonatocerus litoralis (Haliday), G. oxypygus Foerster (as G. ovicenatus Leonard & Crosby), Mymar taprobanicum Ward, Stephanodes reduvioli (Perkins) and S. similis (Foerster) were previously reported from Iran (Fallahzadeh & Huber, 2011). Fallahzadeh & Huber (2011) listed 10 species from Iran. Later, Triapitsyn (2013), Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013), Bayegan et al. (2014) and Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2014) added some new records and increased the number of known species from country. So, prior to present study, the total numbers of mymarid species recorded from Iran were 20. The present contribution to their knowledge in Iran is based mainly on new data and material accumulated in recent years by the author. Also some biological and ecological studies were made by Hesami et al. (2004, 2009), Latifian & Soleyman-Nejadian (2009), and Akbarzadeh- Shoukat (1998). Materials and methods The specimens were collected with a Malaise trap during 2011-2013. Samples were collected and labelled every 7-10 days, replacing alcohol in the collecting vessel. Captures were made in different areas of Iran including East- Azarbaijan Province: Khosroshahr (N 37º 58’ 28” and E 46º 02’ 55”, ele- vation 1346 m). Then specimens were sorted into vials with 70-80% ethyl alcohol. Because of their small size, slide preparations of the entire or dissected specimens are needed, preferably using a perma- nent mounting medium as Canada balsam, to see some of the distin- guishing features. Representatives from each morphospecies, both females and males, were slide-mounted into Canada balsam using the technique described by Noyes (1982) and modified for the Mymaridae by Dr. J. T. Huber (pers. communication). Approximately 350 slide- Correspondence: Hossein Lotfalizadeh, Department of Plant Protection, East- Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: hlotfalizadeh@gmail.com Key words: Hymenoptera; Mymaridae; Chalcidoidea; fauna; distribution; Iran. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Dr. Triapitsyn and Dr. Huber for confirmation of identifications and sharing their experiences on prepara- tion of slid. I am grateful to Dr. Triapitsyn for critical comments on the man- uscript. Received for publication: 9 January 2015. Revision received: 14 June 2015. Accepted for publication: 18 June 2015. ©Copyright H. Lotfalizadeh, 2015 Licensee PAGEPress, Italy Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2015; 47:4838 doi:10.4081/jear.2015.4838 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (by-nc 3.0) which permits any noncom- mercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the orig- inal author(s) and source are credited. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2012; volume 44:e Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2015; volume 47:4838 [page 74] [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2015; 47:4838] mounted and pinned specimens were examined during this study. Identifications of genera were made from card-mounted specimens after drying from ethanol using HMDS. Identifications were made using the following references: Huber (1986, 1988); Huber & Fidalgo (1997); Baquero & Jordana (2003); Beardsley & Huber (2000); Matthews (1986); Noyes & Valentine (1989); Peck et al. (1964); Pricop (2010); Soyka (1955, 1961); Schauff (1984); Triapitsyn (1978, 2002, 2006) and Viggiani & Jesu (1988). Results List of species I-Genus Anagrus Haliday, 1833 Anagrus species parasitize mainly Cicadellidae and Delphacidae (Huber et al., 2009). Four species occur in Iran while two species in the UAE (Huber et al., 2009), and seven species are recorded for Yemen (Huber et al., 2009). Anagrus atomus (Linnaeus, 1767) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 4♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 6.v.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. Hesami et al. (2001) studied the morphology of A. atomus that was reared from the grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola (Cicadellidae), in Isfahan. This species has been also reported from eggs of other insects (Chiappini, 1987; Noyes, 2013). It is cosmopolitan and has been recorded from Europe, North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, North and South America (Trjapitzin, 1978; Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2004). Anagrus atomus was reported from Iran by Hesami et al. (2001) and Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2004). Anagrus nigriceps (Smits van Burgst, 1914) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 4♀♀ and 1♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 15.iii.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species was reported from Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, China and Iran (Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2004). Anagrus avalae Soyka, 1956 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 20♀♀ and 17♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 20.v.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. It is widely distributed in Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Iran (Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2004). Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2004) gave a list of known leafhopper hosts of this species. Anagrus sp. Material Examined: 2♀♀ and 1♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, vii.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. II-Genus Anaphes Haliday, 1833 In the neighbouring countries to Iran, one specimen of an unidenti- fied species was collected in Oman and one in the UAE (Huber et al., 2009), and also one species from Syria and Turkey (Aeschlimann, 1986). This genus includes parasitoids of Curculionidae or Chrysomelidae and Miridae (Huber et al., 2009). Some species are used as biological control agents (Huber, 1992). Species identification in Anaphes is very difficult, and no good keys are available. Anaphes sp. 1 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 6♀♀ and 1♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 1.ix.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. Anaphes sp. 2 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 17.ix.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. III-Genus Camptoptera Foerster, 1856 Only two specimens of one species were collected in Iran; Huber et al. (2009) reported a few specimens from Yemen and Oman. The genus was reviewed by Huber (1999). Camptoptera sp. MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 1.xi.2010, H. Lotfalizadeh. 1♀, same data, 12.x.2011. IV-Genus Erythmelus Enock, 1909 This genus includes four species from two subgenera (Erythmelus s. str. and Parallelaptera Enock) in Iran while three species in the UAE (Huber et al., 2009), one species in Iraq (Triapitsyn, 2003), and two species in Yemen (Huber et al., 2009). Erythmelus species parasitize Miridae and Tingidae. Erythmelus flavovarius (Walker, 1846) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1♀ and 5♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 15.v.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. Erythmelus israeliensis Viggiani & Jesu, 1985 This species was reported from Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran by Triapitsyn (2003). Erythmelus rex (Girault, 1911) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1♀ and 3♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 3.vi.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. Erythmelus panis (Enock, 1909) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1♀ and 4♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 6.vi.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species belongs to the subgenus Parallelaptera and is distrib- uted in Australia, Europe, China, India (Noyes, 2013) and Iran: Alborz (Triapitsyn, 2003), West-Azarbaijan (Akbarzadeh-Shoukat, 1998) and East-Azarbaijan Provinces. V-Genus Gonatocerus Nees, 1834 Gonatocerus, with seven known species in Iran, is one of the most common genera in the country (Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al., 2013). This genus is divided into three subgenera: Cosmocomoidea Howard, Lymaenon Walker and Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck (Triapitsyn et al., 2010; Triapitsyn, 2013). Among the collected species from Iran two belong to Cosmocomoidea (ater, oxypygus), one to Gonatocerus (pictus) and four to Lymaenon (aureus, litoralis, novickyi, thyrides). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) ater Förster, 1841 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 19.iv.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. It was previously reported from Iran: East-Azarbaijan Province by Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013). Article Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) aureus Girault, 1911 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 5♀♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 2.vii.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species widely distributed in the Palaearctic, Neotropcal and Nearctic regions (Noyes, 2013) and Iran: East-Azarbaijan Province (Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al., 2013). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis (Haliday, 1833) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 100♀♀ and 81♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 8.vii.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic, Neotropical and Nearctic regions (Noyes, 2013) and in Iran: East-Azarbaijan and Khorasan-Razavi Provinces (Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al., 2013; Triapitsyn, 2013). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) novickyi Soyka, 1946 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 2♀♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 1.vi.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species was recorded from Iran: East-Azarbaijan Province (Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al., 2013). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) thyrides (Debauche, 1948) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 7♀♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 23.xi.2013, leg. H. Lotfalizadeh. This species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region (Noyes, 2013) and in Iran: East-Azarbaijan Province (Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al., 2013). Gonatocerus (Gonatocerus) longicornis Nees ab Esenbeck, 1834 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 3♀♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 2.ix.2011, H. Lotfalizadeh. 4♀♀, Gilan Province, Roudabr, 13.xi.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species was reared from Zyginidia sohrab Zachvatkin, 1947 (Hem.: Cicadellidae) on Triticum aestivum L. in Iran (Fallahzadeh & Huber, 2011). It is distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Noyes, 2013) and in Iran: East-Azarbaijan Province (Fallahzadeh & Huber, 2011; Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al., 2013). Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) oxypygus Foerster, 1856 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 15♀♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 12.vii.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species widely distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Noyes, 2013) and in Iran: Fars (Fallahzade & Huber, 2011) and Zanjan Provinces (Triapitsyn, 2013). Gonatocerus (Gonatocerus) pictus (Haliday, 1833) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 12♀♀, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 12.vii.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. This species is distributed in Europe (Trjapitzin, 1978; Noyes, 2013) and Iran: East-Azarbaijan Province (Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al., 2013). Gonatocerus pictus is a rare species in Romania (Pricop, 2010). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) sp. 1 This undescribed species has been reported from Iran: Fars Province (Triapitsyn, 2013). Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) sp. 2 This undescribed species has been reported from Iran: Khorasan- Razavi Province as an egg parasitoid of N. tenellus on Artemisia sp. and Salsola sp. leaves (Triapitsyn, 2013). VI-Genus Mymar Curtis, 1829 Only one species of the genus Mymar have been reported from Iran (Bayegan et al., 2014) and two species from Yemen (Huber et al., 2009). Annecke & Doutt (1961) provided a key to females of the world species and Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2001) gave a key to females and males of the eight recognized species of Mymar in the world. Bayegan et al. (2014) collected this genus from a rice field. Huber et al. (2009) reported Cicadellidae and Delphacidae as hosts of this genus. Mymar taprobanicum Ward, 1875 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 4♀♀ Gilan Province, 13.xi.2012, Z.-S. Bayegan. 1♀, East-Azarbaijan, Arasbaran, vii.2013. This species is almost cosmopolitan and was reported from Iran: Gilan Province by Bayegan et al. (2014). VII-Genus Polynema Haliday, 1833 Three undetermined species of this genus were found in the north- west of Iran. These species represent the three subgenera recognized by Triapitsyn & Fidalgo (2006): Dorypolynema Hayat & Anis, 1999, Polynema Haliday, 1833 and Doriclytus Forester, 1847. Four species of Polynema have been reported from the UAE and 10 species from Yemen (Huber et al., 2009). Members of this genus are reported as parasitoids of Hemiptera (Cicadellidae, Membracidae, Miridae, Nabidae, and Anthocoridae) and Odonata (Lestidae) (Huber et al., 2009). Polynema (Dorypolynema) sp. 1 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 2♀♀ and 10♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 5.v.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. Polynema (Polynema) sp. 2 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 3♀♀ and 7♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 20.xi.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. Polynema (Doriclytus) sp. 3 MATERIAL EXAMINED: 6♀♀ and 3♂♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 26.xi.2012, H. Lotfalizadeh. VIII-Genus Stephanodes Enock, 1909 Only one species was reported from Iran (Haghayegh-Nosrati et al., 2014). Stephanodes species were reviewed by Huber & Fidalgo (1997). Stephanodes species parasitize Nabidae and Cicadellidae (Huber et al., 2009). Stephanodes reduvioli (Perkins, 1905) Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2002) illustrated the diagnostic charac- ters of the two Palaearctic species. The male genitalia of S. reduvioli have a relatively longer phallobase and the aedeagus relatively narrow- er in the middle. This species has been reported from Iran: Alborz Province, Karaj, and Shahdasht (Huber & Fidalgo, 1997). Stephanodes similis (Foerster, 1847) MATERIAL EXAMINED: 2♀♀ and 1♂, East-Azarbaijan, Khosroshahr, 5.v.2013, H. Lotfalizadeh. Stephanodes similis is an egg parasitoid of Nabidae and Cicadellidae (Huber & Fidalgo, 1997). This species is widely distributed in Europe (Pricop, 2009), North America and Argentina (Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2002) and was recently reported from Iran: East-Azarbaijan Province (Haghayeghi- Nosrati et al., 2014). [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2015; 47:4838] [page 75] Article [page 76] [Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 2015; 47:4838] Discussion and conclusions The list of Mymaridae in Iran includes 27 species belonging to 8 gen- era (Table 1), 37% of them are in the genus Gonatocerus with 10 species. The genera Anagrus and Erythmelus include 4 species, Polynema 3 species, Anaphes and Stephanodes 2 species, and Camoptoptera and Mymar only 1 species. Based on the present study, the list of Iranian mymarids has increased from 10 reported species by Fallahzadeh & Huber (2011) to 27 species. A list of the Mymaridae known from Iran is given in Table 1, which is based on the material examined and the previously recorded species. About 80% of the studied specimens belong to the genera Gonatocerus and Anagrus (Figure 1). Article Table 1. List of Mymaridae known from Iran. Genus Species Distribution in Iranian provinces References Anagrus A. atomus (L.) East-Azarbaijan Present study Fars Fallahzadeh & Huber (2011) Khorasan Triapitsyn (1998) Alborz Walker et al. (1997) Isfahan Hesami et al. (2001) A. nigriceps (Smits van Burgst) East-Azarbaijan Present study Alborz Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2004) A. avalae Soyka East-Azarbaijan Present study Alborz Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2004) Anagrus sp. East-Azarbaijan Present study Anaphes Anaphes sp. 1 East-Azarbaijan Present study Anaphes sp. 2 East-Azarbaijan Present study Camptoptera Camptoptera sp. East-Azarbaijan Present study Erythmelus E. flavovarius (Walker) Alborz Fallahzadeh & Huber (2011) Alborz Fallahzadeh & Huber (2011) E. israeliensis Viggiani & Jesu Alborz Triapitsyn (2003) E. rex (Girault) East-Azarbaijan Present study Alborz Triapitsyn (2003) E. panis (Enock) East-Azarbaijan Present study Alborz Triapitsyn (2003) Gonatocerus G. ater Förster East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) G. aureus Girault East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) G. litoralis (Haliday) East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) Khorasan-Razavi Triapitsyn (2013) G. novickyi Soyka East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) G. thyrides (Debauche) East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) G. longicornis Nees ab Esenbeck East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) Zanjan Fallahzadeh & Huber (2011) G. oxypygus Foerster East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) Gilan Present study Zanjan Triapitsyn (2013) G. pictus (Haliday) East-Azarbaijan Haghayeghi-Nosrati et al. (2013) Gonatocerus sp. 1 Fars Triapitsyn (2013) Gonatocerus sp. 2 Khorasan Razavi Triapitsyn (2013) Mymar M. taprobanicum Ward East-Azarbaijan Present study Gilan Bayegan et al. 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