2 (mitologi yunani) 1 – 28 Raining on Rainbows: A Comparative Study of LGBT Anti-Discrimination Ordinances Between the Local Governments of Marikina, Manila, and Mandaluyong in the Philippines Francia Denise Arizabal1, Ashley Vocae Aspa1, Jazztin Jairum Manalo1 (1 Department of Political Science, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines) 29 – 45 Entrepreneurship Innovation in Strengthening Economic Security on The Temajuk Border of West Kalimantan Indonesia Elyta1, Jamaliah2, Mohammad Zaki Ahmad3 (1 Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia) (2 Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia) (3 College of Law, Government and International Studies, Universitas Utara Malaysia, Malaysia) 46 – 65 Collaborative Governance in Reviving MSMEs in the Post-Pandemic Covid- 19: Pacitan Regency Case Study Muhammad Eko Atmojo1, Awang Darumurti1, Nita Ariba Hanif1 (1 Governmental Science Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia) 66 – 78 Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District Syarif Ahmad1, Ibnu Khaldun2, Seta Basri3, Ahmad Chumaedi4 (1 Universitas Mbojo Bima, Indonesia) (2 Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Tamsis Bima, Indonesia) (3 Political Science Graduate Program, Universitas Nasional, Indonesia) (4 Government Science Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Indonesia) 79 – 95 Meta-Analysis: Trends of Digital Democracy Research Publications Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Aprian Jailani1, Rendi Eko Budi Setiawan2, Cahyadi Kurniawan3 (1 Public Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia) (2 Governmental Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia) (3 Governmental Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia) Journal of Government Civil Society Daftar Isi (Table of Content) 96 – 108 The Abundance of Special Autonomy Funds: An Ironic Portrait of Aceh's Poverty Alleviation Ikhsan1, Ikhwan Rahmatika Latif1, Vellayati Hajad1, Effendi Hasan2, Muntaha Mardhatillah1, Herizal3 (1 Department of State Administration Study, Universitas Teuku Umar, Indonesia) (2 Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia) (3 Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Erciyes University, Turkey) 109 – 118 Eco-Theology in Indonesian Islam: Ideas on Stewardship among Muhammadiyah Members Frans Wijsen1, Ahmad Afnan Anshori1 (1 Empirical and Practical Religious Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands) 119 – 139 To What Extent Political Education Can Influence Young Voters’ Perceptions? Ridho Al-Hamdi1, Nur Sofyan2 (1 Department of Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia) (2 Department of Communication Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia) 140 – 158 Population and Civil Registration Public Services Digital Transformation During the Covid-19 Pandemic Ria Angin1, Putri Robiatul Adawiyah1 (1 Government studies,Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Indonesia) 66 Journal of Government and Civil Society Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2023, pp. 66-78 DOI: 10.31000/jgcs.v7i1.6799 Received 28 August 2022  Revised 11 April 2023  Accepted 12 April 2023 Citation : Ahmad, S., Khaldun, I., Basri, S., & Chumaedi, A. (2023). Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District. Journal of Government and Civil Society, 7(1), 66–78. https:// doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v7i1.6799 Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District Syarif Ahmad1*, Ibnu Khaldun2, Seta Basri3, Ahmad Chumaedi4 1 Universitas Mbojo Bima, Indonesia 2 Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Tamsis Bima, Indonesia 3 Political Science Graduate Program, Universitas Nasional, Indonesia 4 Government Science Study Program, Universritas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Indonesia *Email Correspondence: syarifahmad1975@gmail.com ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the map of potential inter-village conflicts, identify various factors triggering inter-village conflicts and formulate strategies for handling inter-village conflicts that occur in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. To answer research problems, qualitative methods with descriptive analysis are used, while case studies are used to limit this study to the specificity of certain characteristics and limitations of certain areas. Bima Regency consists of 18 sub-districts where conflicts between villages have the potential to occur in 5 sub-districts, namely; Woha sub-district, Monta sub-district, Belo sub-district, Bolo sub-district and Sape sub-district. The trigger factors for conflict include the abuse of narcotics and drugs (drugs), liquor (Miras), and differences of understanding between individual citizens. The actors involved in inter-village conflicts are educated college graduates who are unemployed and village elites who lose in contesting the Village Head election. Keywords: Mapping potential conflicts between villages ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peta potensi konflik antarkampung, mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor pemicu terjadinya konflik antarkampung dan perumusan strategi penanganan konflik antarkampung yang terjadi di Kabupaten Bima Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian, digunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif, sementara studi kasus digunakan untuk membatasi studi ini pada kekhususan karakteristik dan keterbatasan wilayah tertentu. Kabupaten Bima terdiri dari 18 Kecamatan di mana konflik antar kampung berpotensi terjadi terjadi pada 5 Kecamatan, yaitu; Kecamatan Woha, Kecamatan Monta, Kecamatan Belo, Kecamatan Bolo dan Kecamatan Sape. Faktor-faktor pemicu terjadinya konflik antara lain yakni dipicu oleh penyalahgunaan narkotika dan obat-obatan (Narkoba), minuman keras (Miras), dan selisih paham antar individu warga. Adapun para aktor yang ikut terlibat dalam konflik antarkampung yaitu kaum terdidik lulusan Perguruan Tinggi yang menganggur dan elit-elit desa yang kalah dalam kontestasi pemilihan Kepala Desa. Keywords: Pemetaan potensi konflik antarkampung 67Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District P-ISSN 2579-4396, E-ISSN 2579-440X INTRODUCTION The social conflicts in Bima, which take the shape of inter-village tensions, are not latent problems that are the outcome of ideological, tribal, or racial conflicts. Instead, these conflicts are caused directly by one another (Anwar & Al-Hasyimiyyah, 2019; Ridwan, Ahmad, Firmanto, & Mustakim, 2021). Personal disagreements were the root cause of the inter-village conflict that erupted in Bima. These disagreements then escalated into group conflicts inside the community, which eventually led to inter-village conflicts and even inter-village hostilities (Zuber & Haryono, 2018). According to the data kept by Kesbangpol and the Bima Resort Police, there have been 15 incidents of violence between villages in the Bima Regency between the years 2019 and 2021. These confrontations were caused by personal issues and involved both groups of villagers and individual villagers. The relevant parties, which in this case are the local governments and the police, have not been carrying out the prevention of inter- village conflicts in a systematic and comprehensive manner. This is a process that begins with the early detection of post-conflict events and moves on to the resolution of those events. In point of fact, it appears that the people who live in the Bima Regency regard confrontations between villages as not only acceptable but necessary. Every conflict that arises between villages uses the same method of resolution, which is carried out based on customs and uses a formalization approach to the charter of harmony between residents. This is done without figuring out the underlying cause of the conflict or developing a model of inter-village conflict resolution that involves conflicting parties in a methodical manner. Therefore, there will always be new disputes between villages (villagers), particularly between villages that have already been at odds with one another in the past. In addition, this fight between the several villages resulted in material losses, injured victims, and even fatalities (Czaika & Kis-Katos, 2009; Islam, 1974). The most concrete illustration of the violence between residents of Waro village and residents of Tangga Baru village, located in the Monta subdistrict, is the burning down of residential homes. Despite the fact that every single resident of the fighting villages did not take part in the conflict between the villages, this event generated long-lasting pain and anxiety for all parties concerned, including those who were not actively involved in the conflict. In 2020-2021, there were two incidents of conflict between villagers with high escalation, triggered by cases of murder. First, the murder of Talabiu villagers committed by Padolo villagers, Woha District, resulted in revenge actions carried out by Talabiu villagers by destroying Padola Village residents’ houses by all Talabiu village youths, Woha District. Second, the murder committed by Tangga Baru villagers against young residents of Waro village, Monta District, Bima regency, resulted in the burning of a number of houses committed by Waro villagers against the homes of Tangga Baru villagers. Based on data from the Bima Resort Police, the potential for inter-village conflicts during 2019-2021 Journal of Government and Civil Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2023 68 Syarif Ahmad, Ibnu Khaldun, Seta Basri, Ahmad Chumaedi that occurred in Bima Regency was spread across 5 (five) sub-districts of 18 sub-districts, namely Monta, Woha, Belo, Bolo and Sape Districts. The phenomenon of inter-village conflict in Bima Regency is very worrying, because in addition to having an effect on social disharmony, it also has an impact on the economy, it is necessary to map the potential for inter-village conflict in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, so that a complete picture of the root of the problem, actors and issues can be obtained Participate in the background of the conflict. Furthermore, policies for preventing and overcoming inter-village conflicts can be formulated by local governments. Social Conflict Conflict theory states that conflict is a fundamental state inherent in people’s lives, and serves to encourage the achievement of social integration and improve or stabilize existing social order (Billon & Waizenegger, 2007). Conflicts can also occur due to differences in interests or when the aspirations of opposing parties cannot be achieved (Kurniawati, 2012), (Kurniawati, 2012)conflicts between communities and the state (Zuhdan, 2013), 2017 (Tahir, 2017)(Mashuri, 2017; Zulkarnaen & Suzanna, 2018)interethnic conflicts ((T. Setiawan, De Jong, Scheepers, & Sterkens, 2021)between communities and corporations (or companies) (Suharko, 2017) or individual conflicts that (Suharko, 2017)develop into acts of collective violence in retaliation (Hartoyo, 2019).(Hartoyo, 2019) (Mitchell, 1981) mentions three aspects of conflict that are interrelated, namely attitudes, behavior s, situations. Attitudes refer to various psychological attributes that arise when individuals or social entities enter into a conflict situation. Behavior refers to the act of influencing the opposing party to change its goals. It refers to a situation in which there are two or more social entities that have conflicting goals. In addition to being triggered by conflicts of opinions, ideas, and beliefs (Eldridge, 1979) conflicts can also be caused by position (or position) and resources ((Mack & Snyder, 1957). Another opinion about the causes of conflict was put forward by Ignas Kleden, who mentioned three factors that influence conflict, namely limited space resources, gaps in the economic realm, and differences inherent in primoridal identity (Kleden, 2002). In Kleden’s view, these three factors cannot be seen in isolation, but must be viewed as a whole in relation to each other. Mapping Conflicts and Seeking Resolution Askandar (2000) states that one thing that can be done is to do conflict mapping. This effort can be an effort to analyze conflicts from various existing efforts, and can subsequently become a foothold in managing or resolving a conflict (Wehr, 2019) Wehr 69Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District P-ISSN 2579-4396, E-ISSN 2579-440X further proposed five dimensions that can be used in order to map conflicts (Suharko, 2017). First, it describes the history of the conflict, covering the origin and various important things that occur in the process of conflict. Second, the background in the conflict, covering the economic, political, physical and geographical contexts. Third, map all parties involved in the conflict, both directly and indirectly, including the main actors and supporters. Fourth, problems or issues that cause conflict, which are identified based on facts, values, interests, or based on things that are unrealistic. Fifth, the dynamics in conflict, which in this case includes various events that initiate the conflict to climax. Sixth, find alternative ways as a way out for all conflicting parties. Mapping a conflict to its extent will help in: (1) understanding conflict situations better; (2) looking at the relationship between the parties involved in the conflict; (3) understand the location of power (power relations); (4) valuation of actions that have been taken by the parties involved in the conflict (Fisher, 1990). Meanwhile, in solving a conflict, two approaches are known related to conflict resolution: (1) litigation, which is carried out through the judiciary; and (2) the search for alternative solutions, such as negotiation, mediation, appointing a third party who can be neutral, or by involving certain parties who have a higher position (intervention) (Carneiro, Novais, & Neves, 2014). In some conditions, there are also efforts to resolve conflicts by combining both approaches (Kurniawati, 2012) where litigation resolution is strengthened by negotiation, and prevention efforts are carried out through an empowerment activity (Iradat & Haeril, 2021; Widhagdha & Hidayat, 2020). Beyond the two approaches above, there is also conflict resolution based on local wisdom. In the midst of ethnic and cultural diversity, local wisdom possessed by the Indonesian people can certainly be used as social capital, both to prevent and to resolve a conflict (Hartoyo, Sindung, Teuku, & Sunarto, 2020). Conflict resolution with this cultural approach can also produce win-win solutions for parties involved in conflicts (Manik &; (Manik & Suharno, 2020)and therefore can be used as an option in resolving conflicts (Dermawan & Abidin, 2017). RESEARCH METHOD This research uses a qualitative approach through descriptive analysis, with the intention to limit the study to the specificity of the context with the characteristics and limitations of the region. This is in accordance with (Moleong, 2017)explained about qualitative research, namely research that intends to understand phenomena about what is experienced by research subjects (behavior, perception, motivation, action, etc.) holistically and by way of description in words and language, in a specific, natural context utilizing a variety of natural methods. Journal of Government and Civil Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2023 70 Syarif Ahmad, Ibnu Khaldun, Seta Basri, Ahmad Chumaedi (Creswell, 2015) states that one of the special characteristics of qualitative research is to explore problems and develop a detailed understanding of central phenomena. While (Nasution, 2003) revealed that the qualitative approach has several characteristics, such the nature setting, purposive sampling, the researcher as a key instrument, analytical descriptive in nature, inductive data analysis, idiographic interpretation, and prioritizing the meaning behind the data. The method used in this study ialah case study. According to (Emzir, 2012) case study is qualitative research that seeks to find meaning, investigate processes, gain a deep understanding and understanding of individuals, groups, or situations. Based on this view, this study aims to conduct a mapping of the conflict thatoccurred in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The type of research data consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from the source through the results of direct interviews of researchers with data sources or research informants. Secondary dataobtained through other sources, both oral and written, can be used in an effort to answer research problems. According (Riyanto, 2007) primary data is information obtained by a researcher or investigator directly from his symptoms, while secondary data is information obtained by a researcher, but through other sources, both oral and written. Thus, the primary data used in this study are data from observations and in-depth interviews obtained from data sources (research informants), namely in the form of views or answers from informants involved in the research, consisting of: community leaders, village governments, local governments, police, youth leaders, and religious leaders. To obtain research informants, snowball sampling technique is used, which is a method of sampling in chains, which at first the number is small and then grows like a snowball rolling; The farther the bigger. The principle or essence of snowball sampling technique is data mining through in-depth interviews to obtain the maximum possible data from one respondent and then roll to the next respondent who meets the criteria (Hamidi, 2010(Hamidi, 2010) 71Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District P-ISSN 2579-4396, E-ISSN 2579-440X DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS Based on data description and mapping of research findings as follows: Figure 1. Research Framework Analysis Conflicting Issues The results showed that conflicted issues include: (1) issues of injustice in law enforcement; (2) the issue of inequality in regional development; and (3) social and psychological issues of society. The issue of injustice in law enforcement can be illustrated from the process of handling conflicts that tend to ignore the values and local wisdom of the community. The findings of this study confirm that conflicts motivated by injustice in law enforcement, especially when enforcing conflict handling, actually have the potential to prolong conflicts between villages. At this point, the values that are believed and embraced by the community, especially in viewing a conflict and how it is resolved, can rub against the values used by law enforcement officials in enforcing laws guided by positive law. This finding is in line with the study of Dermawan and Abidin (2017) which states that the values adopted by local communities or local wisdom can be used as an option / alternative in resolving conflicts, especially because local wisdom is considered capable of producing win-win solutions for parties involved in the conflict (Manik & Suharno, 2020). Hartoyo et al. (2020) also emphasizes that local wisdom living in the midst of Indonesian society can be a social capital both to prevent and resolve conflicts. Another finding in this study is the desire of local communities in law enforcement efforts with a soft approach, such as with a persuasive approach, and especially towards parties involved in conflict. The community considers that law enforcement that tends to be repressive in handling conflicts actually makes the community disappointed. As a Journal of Government and Civil Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2023 72 Syarif Ahmad, Ibnu Khaldun, Seta Basri, Ahmad Chumaedi result, the community judged that the security forces had treated them unfairly. Law enforcement efforts carried out in handling inter-village conflicts should begin with prevention efforts, for example by identifying early trends in community social behavior and building synergies with all components at the village level, especially by involving youth groups and community leaders. The importance of using soft approaches in the context of conflict resolution is also supported by the studies of I. P. Setiawan and (I. P. Setiawan & Suryanti, 2021) Nashir (Latief & Nashir, 2020)soft approaches to resolve a conflict is the most ideal approach, especially because it adheres to the principles of Human Rights (HAM). Through this soft approach, it is hoped that the parties involved in the conflict are willing to open up so that it is possible to build dialogue. Furthermore, the study of Hartoyo et al. (2020) explained that the use of a structural approach (law enforcement) has not been able to resolve or prevent conflicts in the short and medium term (Hartoyo et al., 2020) Meanwhile, in relation to the importance of early conflict prevention efforts, the findings in this study are supported by the study of Nulhaqim, Hardhing, Irfan, & Jatnika ((Nulhaqim, Hardhing, Irfan, & Jatnika, 2017) Capacity building is expected to sharpen responses to conflict mitigation so that conflicts can be overcome or even prevented early (early warning system) (Sukandar, Karib, Hutagalung, Cholid, & Rasyid, 2015). Another issue of inter-village conflict in Bima Regency is related to inequality in regional development policies. This issue is one of the issues that also became the background behind the eruption of social conflicts between villages in Bima Regency. Regional development policies in agriculture, which in fact are unable to provide answers to the various demands of community needs, cause people to be disappointed and ultimately have an impact on the anarchy of certain community groups. Economic inequality due to inappropriate development policies, and then giving birth to social conflicts, is in line with the findings in Sumartias (Sumartias & Rahmat, 2013) where social and economic factors can be one of the factors causing the outbreak of social conflicts in the midst of people’s lives. Another study, which also shows economic factors as one of the causes of social conflict is found in Suharko’s (2017) study, which clearly illustrates how communities must face corporations in fighting for water resources. The struggle to meet economic needs further encourages the community totake various actions that can trigger the birth of conflict, which in this study is related to social and psychological issues of the community. The findings of this study show that the main actors involved in inter-village conflicts in Bima Regency are mostly or on average young people of labor force age, namely aged 15 years and over. Theinequality of regional development policies indirectly affects the social situation of people who do not have permanent jobs or are unemployed (not working) in young population groups. This means that regional and village development policies have not centered on improving the ability and creativity 73Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District P-ISSN 2579-4396, E-ISSN 2579-440X of youth groups so that this group stutters when it has to respond to development policies rolled out. On the other hand, economic empowerment for young age groups has not been carried out comprehensively. The importance of empowering the potential of young people, as part of social conflict prevention, is also supported by (Iradat & Haeril, 2021) which shows how village institutions and village governments collaborate in organizing youth empowerment activities as part of conflict mitigation efforts. The empowerment activities in question include ducks, goats, workshops, and so on. This is also reinforced by the study of (Widhagdha & Hidayat, 2020)which explains that social conflicts can be reduced along withthe promotion of empowerment activities for young people. Conflict Provoking Factors The findings of this study show that the trigger factors for inter-village conflicts in Bima Regency are triggered by drug and liquor abuse, as well as disputes between individuals as villagers. Based on the results of interviews, conducted on several informants, drugs and liquor became one of the factors that dragged youth groups into social conflicts. Drug consumption damages psychological conditions and encourages users to carry out various actions that violate social norms, give birth to social disharmony, and damage the joints of social life of society. It is common knowledge that instances of substance misuse and alcoholism have taken root at the level of the youth in the community, and the police have recently dealt with a variety of drug cases. Abuse of drugs in the community, particularly among young people’s organizations, might be regarded as a sign that young people are unable to deal with the challenging aspects of life and the bad influences that permeate different facets of social life. The gap between the expectations placed on young people and the realities of life that they must navigate might inspire them to take acts that contribute to social problems. Francis (2006) states that one of the causes of conflict is the human person itself, which is when there is a mismatch between personal goals or social values and the behavior they perform, including changes in perceptual values. This change will affect the order of social life, and in turn has the potential to create social disharmony. This issue is also very relevant to the presentation described above, which is related to the empowerment of youth groups in the context of conflict mitigation. In this context, youth empowerment is proven to reduce the potential for conflict to break out(Iradat & Haeril, 2021; Widhagdha & Hidayat, 2020). Disagreements between individuals are another aspect that can set the stage for conflict, in addition to the consumption of alcoholic beverages and illegal drugs, which can also set the stage. During the course of the research, both observations and other documents were gathered, and they all pointed to disagreements being a primary cause of conflict. Journal of Government and Civil Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2023 74 Syarif Ahmad, Ibnu Khaldun, Seta Basri, Ahmad Chumaedi Disagreements between individuals gradually grow to become disputes between community groups and are the root cause of the majority of inter-village conflicts involving youth groups in the Bima Regency. This finding is in line with Hartoyo’s study (2019) which states that individual conflicts have the potential to develop into conflicts that are collectivef, because they are based on the desire to retaliate. Another study that also supports this finding is the study of Francis (2006), which states that misunderstandings (due to misunderstandings related to sentences, language that is difficult to understand, or incomplete information) can lead to conflict. Beyond these factors, the study of (Nulhaqim et al., 2017) things can trigger conflicts between individuals until they can eventually develop into social conflicts; These trivial things include the sound of motor exhaust, jealousy, or friction between boats. Actors Involved in Conflict The results showed that the main actors involved in social conflicts in Bima Regency were educated youth groups who had just graduated from high education. They seem to feel prestige as scholars and ashamed to become farmers so they end up preferring to be unemployed. These educated youths became the new elites in their respective villages, andthey became the main actors behind the emergence of inter-village conflicts. Thus, unemployment and limited employment opportunities for high education graduates in several villages are one of the main factors thattrigger inter-village conflicts in Bima. This finding is in line with what Francis (2006) mentioned, that the mismatch between expectations (having a certain job as a college graduate) and the reality that exists in the village (being a farmer), in turn will affect the order of social life and potentially create social disharmony. Thus, youth empowerment that holds a myriad of potentials must be a concern for local governments (including local community leaders) in order to mitigate social conflicts (Iradat & Haeril, 2021; Widhagdha & Hidayat, 2020). The need for youth empowerment (involvement) activities, which in this study are the actors behind social conflicts in Bima Regency, can be carried out in various ways as supported by various studies that have been conducted. In addition to economic empowerment (Iradat & Haeril, 2021; Widhagdha & Hidayat, 2020)young people can also be involved in the formulation of regional development policies at the village level ((Rampengan, 2020)given encouragement to actively participate in Karang Taruna activities (Angkasawati, 2018; Wantu, Djaafar, & Sahi, 2021) or other positive activities (Haryati, Armawi, & Supraja, 2016). On the other hand, the openness and accommodation of local governments (ranging from village level governments to regional or district levels) to the expectations of young people will place them as a group that cares and actively realizes social order(Gahung, Gosal, & Singkoh, 2017; Prasojo & Fauziah, 2015). 75Mapping the Potential of Conflict Between Villages in the Bima District P-ISSN 2579-4396, E-ISSN 2579-440X CONCLUSION The mapping of potential inter-village conflicts in Bima Regency consists of five sub- districts of 18 villages: Woha, Monta, Belo, Bolo, and Sape. Although Sape sub-district has the potential for inter-village conflict, any personal conflict that arises does not involve village solidarity. This isdifferent from the reality in Woha, Monta, Belo, and Bolo sub- districts. In general, the issues that trigger conflict are (1) injustice in law enforcement efforts; (2) policy inequality in regional development; and (3) employment that is closely related to social and psychological aspects. The trigger factors for conflicts between villages are the spread of liquor and drugs and disagreements between community members which usually occur at weddings with Organ Tunggal entertainment. The actors behind the conflict are rural youth, especially educated people who do not yet have permanent jobs and elites at the village level as political implications before and after the village head election (Pilkades). REFERENCES Angkasawati, A. (2018). Partisipasi Pemuda Dalam Karang Taruna Desa (Studi di Desa Ngubalan Kecamatan Kalidawir Kabupaten Tulungagung). Publiciana, 11(1), 14–34. Anwar, M. J., & Al-Hasyimiyyah, S. A.-A. (2019). Conflict Reconciliation Bima:(Local Wisdom Based Ethnographic Study). 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