INTRODUCTION

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important
tropical and commercial fruit rich in dietary fibre, calcium,
phosphorus and iron. The fruits are used for table and
processing purposes (Rathore, 1976). Guava bears crop two
to three times a year. The economic returns are also higher
with few inputs. Judicious management is required to
produce a profitable crop and that includes optimum
fertilization of the orchard. Else, fruiting, yield and fruit
quality are all affected adversely.

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, being the
essential major elements, are required by plants in relatively
large quantities for building their infrastructure. These are
especially responsible for maximising physiological
activities of the plant and for plant, water and soil
relationships, which ultimately affect fruiting and quality
until the fruits attain physiological maturity (Nijjer, 1996).
Requirement for nutrients and their absorption by the plant
vary with the cultivar, apart from physical and chemical
composition of the soil and availability of nutrients. In
recent years, efforts have been made to widen the genetic
base of guava by developing new varieties. A new selection
of guava has been made at G.B.P.U.A &T., Pantnagar and
named Pant Prabhat (Tiwari et al, 2003). In view of the
role of major elements in optimum fruiting and quality, a
fertilizer trial was laid out with cv. Pant Prabhat to work

Effect of N, P & K on fruiting, yield and fruit quality in guava cv. Pant Prabhat

Pankaj Kumar, J. P. Tiwari and Raj Kumar
Department of Horticulture, G.B.P.U.A &T

Pantnagar - 246 123, India
E-mail: pundeerpankaj@indiatimes.com

ABSTRACT

Response of various combinations of NPK on fruiting, yield and fruit quality were studied in guava cv. Pant
Prabhat in a field experiment, over two years. Treatments comprised of three different levels of nitrogen (0, 75
and 150g/plant/year), phosphorus (0, 50 and 100g P

2
O

5
/plant/year) and potassium (0, 75 and 150g K

2
O/plant/

year) in all the possible 27 combinations. Treatments with higher nitrogen level attained maximum yield and
fruiting compared to treatments with lower nitrogen levels, in combination with phosphorus and potassium.
Maximum yield of 69.64, 60.72 kg/plant and 22.66, 26.35 kg/plant, and, fruit set of 73.23%, 75.07%, 34.73%
and 35.65% were recorded with 150g N, 50g P

2
O

5
 and 75g K

2
O/plant/year in the rainy and winter seasons in

both years, respectively, while treatment combinations with high potassium level recorded higher ascorbic acid
and sugar content in the fruit.

Key words: Guava, fertilization, NPK, ‘Pant  Prabhat’

out ideal N P K levels for maximizing economic returns.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture
Research Centre, Patherchatta, G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, during 2004 - 2006
on five year old guava plants of cv. Pant Prabhat. All the
plants were subjected to standard cultural practices except
for fertilization. The orchard soil is derivative from
calcarious alluvial soil with sandy-loam texture at  pH 7.6
and the available N, P

2
O

5
 and K

2
O were 276, 30.24 and

136.92 kg/ha, respectively. Experimental treatments
comprised of 27 treatment combinations of N (0, 75 and
150g plant/year), P (0, 50 and 100g plant/year) and K (0,
75 and 150g plant/year) and laid were out in a randomized
block design, replicated thrice having two trees as a
treatment unit. Half dose of nitrogen as urea and full doses
of phosphorus as single super phosphate, and, potassium
as muriate of potash, were given in the first week of May.
The remaining dose of nitrogen was applied in the first
week of December in both the years. Observations on yield
per tree (in kg) were worked out by average fruit weight of
ten fruits and multiplied by the total number of fruit. Fruiting
parameters recorded were per cent fruit set, fruit drop and
fruit retention, by selecting four branches randomly from
all directions of a tree for the rainy and winter season crops
during both the years. Ascorbic acid, total sugars, reducing

J. Hortl. Sci.
Vol. 3 (1): 43-47, 2008

page 43



44

sugar and non-reducing sugars in the fruit pulp were
estimated by the method of Lane and Eyon (Ranganna,
1986) and the results were analysed statistically.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fruiting and yield : Maximum fruit set of 73.23%, 75.07%
and 34.73%, 35.65% was recorded with 150g N, 50g P

2
O

5

and 75 g K
2
O in the rainy and winter season in both years,

respectively (Table 1). Fruit drop percentage of 70.21 and
39.85 in rainy and winter seasons during 2004-05, and,
69.99 and 39.10 during 2005-06, were found  to be
maximum with 0g N, 0g P

2
O

5
 and 0 g K

2
O and 0g N, 0g

P
2
O

5
 and 75 g K

2
O, respectively (Table 1). Minimum fruit

drop percentage was recorded with 150g N, 100g P
2
O

5
 and

0 g K
2
O in both the seasons during both years. The

combination of NPK achieved significant fruit retention
percentage in 2004-05 and 2005-06. Treatments with 150g
N, 100g P

2
O

5
 and 0 g K

2
O, and, 150g N, 50g P

2
O

5
 and 150

g K
2
O exhibited maximum fruit retention of 43.25%,

73.09%, and, 47.15%, 73.15% in rainy and winter seasons,
respectively, during the years of study (Table 2). In general,
treatments having higher nitrogen dose reported higher fruit

set and yield. During both the years maximum yield of
69.64, 60.72 kg/plant (rainy season) and 22.66, 26.35 kg/
plant (winter season) was recorded with 150g N, 50g P

2
O

5

and 75 g K
2
O/plant/ year.

Significant improvement in the number of fruits
that set per shoot, and yield, by applying different levels of
nitrogen to guava cv. Sardar was also recorded by Tasser et
al (1989) and best results were observed with 400g N dose.
Similar findings on fruit set and fruit drop percentage in
sapota were observed by Singh et al (2003), where, per
cent fruit set increased and fruit drop decreased significantly
with increasing levels of nitrogen.

Chemical attributes: Treatment with 150g N, 50g P
2
O

5

and 150 g K
2
O was observed to induce maximum ascorbic

acid content (169.67 mg/ 100 mg of pulp) during the rainy
season of 2004-05, while, in the winter season 150g N, 0g
P

2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O was observed to induce maximum

ascorbic acid content (276.63 mg/100 mg of pulp). During
2005-06, maximum fruit ascorbic acid content was recorded
in  rainy season with 150g N, 100g P

2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O,

and, in the winter season  with 150g N, 50g P
2
O

5
 and 150 g

Table 1.  Effect of NPK dose on fruit set and fruit drop in guava

Treatment Fruit set (%) Fruit drop (%)
combination 2004-05 2005-06 2004-05 2005-06

Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter

N
0
 P

0
 K

0
45.48 18.38 52.96 19.39 67.14 37.38 59.48 33.27

N
0
 P

0
 K

1
53.95 20.21 48.74 19.78 68.18 38.36 69.99 39.10

N
0
 P

0
 K

2
57.52 21.08 49.19 22.51 70.21 39.85 68.31 37.70

N
0
 P

1
 K

0
58.69 22.42 56.21 24.52 69.44 38.06 67.30 40.71

N
0
 P

1
 K

1
59.54 23.47 51.69 21.34 67.82 36.70 69.59 37.14

N
0
 P

1
  K

2
58.97 25.35 59.24 23.23 69.37 35.43 70.12 38.59

N
0
 P

2
 K

O
56.65 23.70 54.00 25.62 65.81 35.36 65.59 38.62

N
0
 P

2
 K

1
53.19 21.03 49.45 20.62 67.47 37.06 68.47 36.71

N
0
 P

2
 K

2
52.79 23.13 59.46 24.26 66.21 37.56 66.39 36.39

N
1
 P

0
 K

0
69.27 25.13 65.73 27.49 64.19 26.44 63.33 34.67

N
1
 P

0
 K

1
63.81 26.67 68.42 29.99 62.15 35.52 61.64 35.21

N
1
 P

0
 K

2
63.38 25.44 61.12 28.79 62.29 34.63 62.33 33.43

N
1
 P

1
 K

0
64.38 26.53 67.79 29.13 63.23 35.29 63.43 34.48

N
1
 P

1
 K

1
67.59 27.82 70.85 33.01 62.55 33.35 60.13 36.35

N
1
 P

1
 K

2
67.51 26.42 70.18 30.38 63.36 34.47 64.07 33.53

N
1
 P

2
 K

0
67.96 28.40 66.41 26.50 60.66 32.36 61.29 34.26

N
1
 P

2
 K

1
69.75 25.62 59.37 29.64 61.32 33.37 62.62 31.38

N
1
 P

2
 K

2
61.33 24.85 67.58 27.16 59.30 32.51 57.74 30.17

N
2
 P

0
 K

0
64.26 29.92 70.52 30.49 60.35 30.98 57.58 30.70

N
2
 P

0
 K

1
72.85 30.82 69.71 34.26 58.87 31.02 58.38 30.35

N
2
 P

0
 K

2
67.59 32.37 72.32 35.11 61.35 31.63 59.75 33.40

N
2
 P

1
 K

0
71.17 33.42 73.41 33.19 58.13 29.41 61.14 29.45

N
2
 P

1
 K

1
73.23 34.73 75.07 35.65 60.43 28.17 55.68 32.36

N
2
 P

1
 K

2
68.25 33.22 70.31 33.01 57.34 28.51 59.57 30.41

N
2
 P

2
 K

0
65.39 31.78 68.29 32.41 55.24 26.41 50.34 26.54

N
2
 P

2
 K

1
68.03 30.77 62.48 28.75 56.33 29.35 56.00 29.38

N
2
 P

2
 K

2
62.37 29.50 63.00 29.50 57.43 27.56 53.39 27.99

C.D (P=0.05) 6.53 3.21 8.91 7.32 6.91 8.82 7.24 5.86

J. Hortl. Sci.
Vol. 3 (1): 43-47, 2008

Pankaj Kumar et al



45

Table 2.  Effect of NPK dose on fruit retention and yield in guava

Treatment Fruit retention (%) Yield (kg/plant)
combination 2004-05 2005-06 2004-05 2005-06

Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter

N
0
 P

0
 K

0
32.68 62.34 36.13 66.42 14.68 3.20 16.50 4.11

N
0
 P

0
 K

1
31.52 61.36 32.47 60.55 24.40 7.29 18.45 4.88

N
0
 P

0
 K

2
29.65 60.45 31.27 62.28 15.54 5.68 24.93 6.39

N
0
 P

1
 K

0
30.34 61.37 32.29 60.33 30.52 9.49 22.70 5.93

N
0
 P

1
 K

1
32.41 63.16 33.36 62.26 31.38 6.96 31.05 7.10

N
0
 P

1
  K

2
30.62 64.34 30.06 61.28 28.70 6.43 28.19 6.76

N
0
 P

2
 K

0
33.33 64.28 34.29 61.56 23.47 8.35 21.42 5.78

N
0
 P

2
 K

1
32.19 62.69 32.55 63.06 16.97 7.53 19.45 5.05

N
0
 P

2
 K

2
33.60 62.49 33.39 63.15 25.13 4.02 21.50 6.11

N
1
 P

0
 K

0
35.63 66.54 36.68 65.01 49.39 9.50 54.45 14.11

N
1
 P

0
 K

1
37.48 64.49 38.45 64.50 33.71 10.40 43.77 14.65

N
1
 P

0
 K

2
37.36 65.17 37.50 66.16 55.48 11.21 45.47 13.87

N
1
 P

1
 K

0
36.36 64.79 36.56 65.32 52.11 10.59 41.84 11.72

N
1
 P

1
 K

1
37.43 66.49 39.43 63.58 54.65 11.91 46.47 14.20

N
1
 P

1
 K

2
36.57 65.22 36.09 66.37 52.03 13.32 45.40 14.16

N
1
 P

2
 K

0
39.15 67.23 38.59 65.18 45.98 9.43 40.69 11.34

N
1
 P

2
 K

1
38.17 66.27 37.28 68.91 42.43 11.33 37.15 13.38

N
1
 P

2
 K

2
37.47 67.50 42.29 69.62 36.00 9.95 42.61 12.61

N
2
 P

0
 K

0
40.52 68.39 42.22 69.59 61.64 15.98 55.49 20.28

N
2
 P

0
 K

1
41.31 69.30 41.68 69.22 59.64 17.28 58.69 23.53

N
2
 P

0
 K

2
38.31 69.36 40.20 66.00 55.42 15.90 56.41 19.72

N
2
 P

1
 K

0
41.52 70.40 45.04 70.29 66.75 14.12 57.68 22.52

N
2
 P

1
 K

1
39.59 71.50 41.33 67.63 69.64 22.66 60.72 26.35

N
2
 P

1
 K

2
42.69 71.26 47.15 73.15 57.30 13.73 57.78 23.62

N
2
 P

2
 K

0
43.25 73.09 44.41 69.63 64.44 19.55 52.34 20.60

N
2
 P

2
 K

1
40.22 70.84 43.40 70.49 51.64 14.51 50.70 20.37

N
2
 P

2
 K

2
38.27 68.24 42.62 67.48 41.50 11.06 53.71 19.64

C.D (P=0.05) 6.11 6.73 5.66 6.85 6.34 3.82 8.95 4.12

Table 3.  Effect of NPK dose on ascorbic acid and total sugar content in guava

Treatment Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g pulp)        Total sugars (%)
combination 2004-05 2005-06 2004-05 2005-06

Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter

N
0
 P

0
 K

0
139.66 232.00 137.00 234.33 7.78 8.75 7.32 8.89

N
0
 P

0
 K

1
142.67 235.67 141.66 236.65 8.18 8.86 7.82 9.25

N
0
 P

0
 K

2
146.33 240.35 145.62 238.60 8.35 10.16 8.16 10.44

N
0
 P

1
 K

0
141.23 233.67 140.33 234.66 8.09 9.24 7.50 9.00

N
0
 P

1
 K

1
143.00 236.00 144.66 238.66 8.37 10.14 7.99 9.62

N
0
 P

1
  K

2
145.66 239.30 147.00 240.29 8.54 10.43 8.54 10.52

N
0
 P

2
 K

0
143.32 233.36 138.30 235.61 8.13 9.38 7.71 8.92

N
0
 P

2
 K

1
145.33 239.65 144.29 239.00 8.41 10.34 8.34 9.65

N
0
 P

2
 K

2
150.00 239.34 150.00 240.66 8.71 10.58 8.84 11.00

N
1
 P

0
 K

0
161.00 253.28 163.28 251.50 8.33 9.45 7.65 9.20

N
1
 P

0
 K

1
163.00 253.66 165.58 256.00 8.41 10.55 8.41 9.98

N
1
 P

0
 K

2
163.00 259.38 169.66 257.00 8.65 10.76 8.40 10.71

N
1
 P

1
 K

0
159.67 256.00 164.00 251.64 8.16 9.80 8.17 9.28

N
1
 P

1
 K

1
161.67 257.60 165.00 254.30 8.59 10.27 8.63 9.99

N
1
 P

1
 K

2
165.65 260.32 170.64 259.35 8.73 10.87 9.03 11.12

N
1
 P

2
 K

0
161.33 255.40 161.66 254.33 8.23 9.86 7.80 9.34

N
1
 P

2
 K

1
167.00 259.66 167.33 256.38 8.44 10.48 8.39 9.96

N
1
 P

2
 K

2
167.60 261.66 171.57 259.68 8.59 10.91 8.98 11.10

N
2
 P

0
 K

0
166.35 267.00 159.67 253.59 8.18 9.72 8.08 9.14

N
2
 P

0
 K

1
168.00 273.00 167.00 257.33 8.38 10.27 8.48 9.73

N
2
 P

0
 K

2
169.33 276.63 170.67 267.33 8.66 10.57 8.89 10.60

N
2
 P

1
 K

0
165.34 260.66 164.34 257.36 8.23 9.49 7.96 9.11

J. Hortl. Sci.
Vol. 3 (1): 43-47, 2008

Effect of NPK on fruit parameters in guava



46

Table 4.  Effect of NPK dose on reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars in guava

Treatment Reducing sugars (%) Non-reducing sugars (%)
combinations 2004-05 2005-06 2004-05 2005-06

Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter

N
0
 P

0
 K

0
4.79 5.59 4.34 5.33 3.00 3.16 3.02 3.53

N
0
 P

0
 K

1
5.09 6.21 4.65 5.73 3.04 3.30 3.15 3.82

N
0
 P

0
 K

2
5.24 6.75 4.93 6.02 3.07 3.42 3.32 4.43

N
0
 P

1
 K

0
5.02 5.93 4.45 5.54 3.06 3.28 3.04 3.44

N
0
 P

1
 K

1
5.51 6.31 4.81 6.03 3.17 3.84 3.16 3.57

N
0
 P

1
  K

2
5.33 6.56 5.20 6.42 3.23 3.87 3.33 4.12

N
0
 P

2
 K

0
5.01 6.11 4.62 5.33 3.11 3.24 3.11 3.57

N
0
 P

2
 K

1
5.16 6.88 5.11 5.91 3.26 3.42 3.22 3.75

N
0
 P

2
 K

2
5.32 7.11 5.38 6.50 3.32 3.75 3.39 4.51

N
1
 P

0
 K

0
5.14 6.11 4.54 5.57 3.10 3.29 3.10 3.61

N
1
 P

0
 K

1
5.26 6.95 5.08 6.10 3.14 3.57 3.31 3.87

N
1
 P

0
 K

2
5.42 7.15 5.28 6.64 3.26 3.63 3.41 4.06

N
1
 P

1
 K

0
5.12 6.42 5.01 5.51 3.02 3.34 3.09 3.75

N
1
 P

1
 K

1
5.37 6.73 5.24 5.93 3.10 3.53 3.37 3.96

N
1
 P

1
 K

2
5.48 7.03 5.50 7.00 3.16 3.55 3.50 4.14

N
1
 P

2
 K

0
5.17 6.53 4.76 5.70 3.02 3.33 3.07 3.66

N
1
 P

2
 K

1
5.34 6.89 5.18 6.08 3.06 3.57 3.21 3.88

N
1
 P

2
 K

2
5.47 7.23 5.48 7.13 3.14 3.68 3.47 3.99

N
2
 P

0
 K

0
5.11 6.33 5.07 5.44 3.04 3.35 3.01 3.71

N
2
 P

0
 K

1
5.25 6.78 5.24 5.81 3.10 3.48 3.23 3.94

N
2
 P

0
 K

2
5.50 7.01 5.48 6.04 3.15 3.53 3.40 4.56

N
2
 P

1
 K

0
4.94 6.13 4.48 5.49 3.09 3.37 3.15 3.62

N
2
 P

1
 K

1
5.36 7.04 4.83 6.25 3.11 3.43 3.26 3.99

N
2
 P

1
 K

2
5.41 7.18 5.09 6.43 3.16 3.52 3.41 -4.17

N
2
 P

2
 K

0
5.18 6.30 4.43 5.54 3.00 3.20 3.07 3.57

N
2
 P

2
 K

1
5.28 6.62 4.74 6.04 3.08 3.43 3.24 3.82

N
2
 P

2
 K

2
5.31 7.37 5.15 6.39 3.19 3.47 3.42 3.98

C.D (P=0.05) 0.33 0.86 0.39 0.49 0.07 0.26 0.09 0.34

Table 3. (contd.)  Effect of NPK dose on ascorbic acid and total sugar content in guava

Treatment Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g pulp)        Total sugars (%)
combination 2004-05 2005-06 2004-05 2005-06

Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter Rainy season Winter

N
2
 P

1
 K

1
167.00 269.65 169.00 261.66 8.50 10.50 8.07 10.25

N
2
 P

1
 K

2
169.67 270.68 171.62 267.67 8.57 10.68 8.50 10.57

N
2
 P

2
 K

0
163.59 261.00 160.33 255.00 8.20 9.48 7.53 9.10

N
2
 P

2
 K

1
167.00 265.66 168.37 262.58 8.40 10.03 7.99 9.83

N
2
 P

2
 K

2
169.30 268.33 175.28 267.33 8.47 10.17 8.62 10.37

C.D (P=0.05) 8.79 8.51 12.57 11.81 0.32 1.10 0.37 0.39

K
2
O (Table 3). In general, treatments having higher nitrogen

content in combination with higher potassium, attained
higher ascorbic acid content (Table 2). The maximum values
of total sugars 8.73% and 9.03% in rainy season and 10.87%
and 11.12% in winter season were recorded with 75g N,
50g P

2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O during both the years. In rainy

season fruits, the maximum reducing sugars at 5.50% each
were recorded with 150g N, 0g P

2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O, and

75g N, 50g P
2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O during 2004-05 and 2005-

06, respectively; while, in the winter season fruits, reducing
sugars at 7.37% and 7.13% were recorded with 150g N,
100g P

2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O, and, 75g N, 100g P

2
O

5
 and 150

g K
2
O during the two years, respectively. The maximum

non-reducing sugar content of 3.325 and 3.50% in rainy
season fruits in both the years was recorded under the
treatment 0g N, 100g P

2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O, and, 75g N,

100g P
2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O, respectively; while, in the winter

season, treatments with 0g N, 50g P
2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O,

and, 150g N, 0g P
2
O

5
 and 150 g K

2
O gave maximum

amounts of non-reducing sugars (3.87% and 4.56%) during
the years of study (Table 4). The minimum values of
reducing and non-reducing sugars were recorded with 0g
N, 0g P

2
O

5
 and 0 g K

2
O (Table 4). Similar findings were

also recorded by Singh et al (2004) in pineapple and

J. Hortl. Sci.
Vol. 3 (1): 43-47, 2008

Pankaj Kumar et al



47

(Ms Received 11 January 2008, Revised 15 April 2008)

Umashanker et al (2002) in guava cv. Sardar. Treatment
combinations with higher nitrogen content were found to
be superior in yield and fruiting attributes, while, treatments
with high potassium attained higher ascorbic acid and sugar
content in guava, and were at par with treatments of
medium level potassium. This may be due to the enhancing
effect of nitrogen on growth and sufficient availability of
phosphorus and potassium already present in the soil.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to the Director,
Experimental Station, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture
& Technology, Pantnagar, for providing necessary facilities
for the investigation.

REFERENCES

Nijjer, G. S. 1996. Nutrition of fruit trees. Kalyani
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J. Hortl. Sci.
Vol. 3 (1): 43-47, 2008

Effect of NPK on fruit parameters in guava