Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 109 https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.80 journalhumanrightslegalsystem@gmail.com The Role of Institutionalization Police Support in Emergency Situation: Evidence from Indonesia Aris Irawana*, Dewi Nurviantia, Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Fenitrab, Mohammed AlHadi Ibrahim Bosha Ahmedc a Faculty of Law, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Indonesia. b Madagascar Institute of Political Studies, Madagaskar. c Internasional University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan. *corresponding author: arisirawan@borneo.ac.id 1. Introduction The beginning of emergency situation of Pandemic in Indonesia started in the early of 2020. The virus named COVID-19, which arises firstly in Wuhan, a Province in China in 2019. COVID-19 is one of species of coronaviruses such as MERS and SARS that effected common cold and serious illnesses1. It did not last 1 Qingshan Ni, Hao Zhang, and Yanjin Lu, ‘Way to Measure Intangible Capital for Innovation- Driven Economic Growth: Evidence from China’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 156–72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.003 A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history Received: January 25, 2023. Revised: March 25, 2023. Accepted: March 28, 2023. Role of Police Supporting Institutions in an Emergency in Indonesia. Regulations related to police duties and the condition of medical personnel are actually at the forefront of emergencies and pandemic disasters, but in Indonesia the police also called the front guard in efforts to prevent the emergency spread of Covid-19. It can be seen if there is gaps in the implementation of police duties during an emergency. This study aims to find out the existence of police as the institution that having mandate to manage and handle emergencies situation such as pandemic of COVID-19. This study used doctrinal legal research as one of the legal research methods. The findings show that management of health protection in Indonesia particularly in pandemic situation had not maximal. As can be seen there are several barriers to Indonesian Police in handling the emergency situations. Firstly, the internal problem in the institution, then it needs a revitalization. Secondly, the lack of adequate funding for the police’s performance. Thirdly, as well as the external cause is the lack of publick awareness or the culture of society to be able to cooperate with the police in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia This is an open-access article under the CC–BY 4.0 license. Keywords Emergencies; Institutionalization; Indonesian; Police; https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS mailto:journalhumanrightslegalsystem@gmail.com mailto:arisirawan@borneo.ac.id https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 110 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) long, the virus spreaded to all of countries including Indonesia2. The government and also the society sat the new habit since that virus attacked, namely to stay at home and carry out every single thing through by long distance, where some activities by online media3. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it could not be controlled quickly, thus it needs a proper handling from both the government and the community. One of the precautions to stop the emergency transmission of Covid-19 as the government’s recommencation is to stay at home. In tackling the Covid-19 pandemic, the government, especially the Special Capital Region (DKI Jakarta), implemented Large-Scale Social Restrictions (called PSBB), that implementation needs to be supported to limit community interaction to break the chain of emergency transmission of the Covid-19 outbreak. The latest data on Covid-19 cases in Indonesia have increased thein 20224. It would be useless to deal with health emergencies in a country by only optimizing the performance of health workers without the support of the police in implementing every policy in an emergency in a country. Table 1: Number exposed to covid-19 2 February 2022. No Status of patient Total 1 Cases (active) 94.109 2 Specimens 354.191 3 Suspect 12.482 4 Confirmed 4.387.286 5 Healed 144.373 The data in the table 1 is the accumulation from all cities in Indoneisia In 2 February 2022 in Indonesia. Furthermore, according to the data from the Handling Task Force of Covid-19, DKI Jakarta, West Java, and Banten are the cities with the most pacient of covid 19. And the fact also shows, all the provinces in Indonesia attacked by Covid-19 even in the small cities in Indonesia. It can be seen in the table 2. 2 Miguel A. Martin-Valmayor, Luis A. Gil-Alana, and Asís Pardo Martín, ‘US Biofuel Market Persistence and Mean Reversion Properties’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 648–60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.04.008 3 Xiaohang Ren, Xixia Xia, and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, ‘Uncertainty of Uncertainty and Corporate Green Innovation—Evidence from China’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 634–47 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.027 4 Dongmin Kong and others, ‘Trust and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from CEO’s Early Experience’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 585–96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.04.003 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.04.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.027 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.04.003 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 111 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) Table 2: Number of spreading the covid-19 in Indonesian Province NO City Total 1 DKI Jakarta 9132 2 West Java 3739 3 Banten 2451 4 Bali 771 5 East Java 565 6 Central Java 387 7 Yogyakarta 142 8 North Sumatera 113 9 South Kalimantan 71 10 East Kalimantan 54 11 Lampung 51 12 Papua 50 13 Souts Sulawesi 39 14 West Papua 29 15 Bangka Belitung 27 16 Riau 21 17 NTT 20 18 Maluku 19 19 Bengkulu 13 20 Central Kalimantan 12 21 West Sumatera 10 22 Southeast Sulawesi 10 23 North Sulawesi 9 9 24 Aceh 7 25 Jambi 7 26 Gorontalo 3 27 North Maluku 3 28 Central Sulawesi 2 29 West Sulawesi 1 Total 17895 The similar as other countries, Indonesian government set policy to handle the situation, one the policies is the vaccination program, that divided 3 steps on target. Total tarher os 208. 265.270 persons, where the first stage is the high number of person were targeted. It can be seen in the figure below. https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS 112 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) Figure 1: Data of Covid-19 Vaccination One of the duties and supporting capacities of the police in handling emergencies during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is how to arrange or guarantee the implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination according to the target of achieving vaccination. Based on the data, it can be seen that the administration of vaccines, both the first vaccine, second vaccine, and third vaccine, has not been achieved the required target. This could be an indication that the carrying capacity of the police in Indonesia regarding emergency management has not run optimally, thus in the future, it requires a strategy and regulations, so that the police can increase their capacity in handling emergencies in Indonesia5. Therein lies the problem. The role of the Police is crucial and significant in preventing the spread of Covid-19 certainly an "additional" task that was never expected before. On the one hand, The National Police has routine duties as law enforcement officers and public order guards, while on the other hand, they are the party is relied on to enforce PSBB rules. At the same time, all Police personnel in the field must also increase their vigilance for themselves because the possibility of contracting this virus is also high6. The function of law enforcement carried out by the National Police cannot be separated from its function as regulated in Law No. 2 of 2002 On the Indonesian National Police (UU POLRI). Particularly, in the Article 2 of the Indonesian Police Law emphasize that one of the functions of the police is the function of the state government to maintain the security and comfort the community, law enforcement, protection, shelter, and service to the community. Explicitly, this statement was reaffirmed as the duties and authorities of the National Police regulated in Article 13 of the Indonesian Police Law7. 5 Nawazish Mirza and others, ‘The Role of Fintech in Promoting Green Finance, and Profitability: Evidence from the Banking Sector in the Euro Zone’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 33–40 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.02.001 6 Ge Li and Huwei Wen, ‘The Low-Carbon Effect of Pursuing the Honor of Civilization? A Quasi- Experiment in Chinese Cities’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 343–57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.014 7 Ying Zhou and Wenmin Huang, ‘The Influence of Network Anchor Traits on Shopping Intentions in a Live Streaming Marketing Context: The Mediating Role of Value Perception and the https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.014 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 113 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) Based on the regulations above, the term security in the context of the duties and functions of the National Police is "security and public order," which this term contains two meanings. First, as a dynamic condition of society, as one of the prerequisites for the implementation of national development as a national goal which is characterized by guaranteed security, order, upholding of the law, and fostering peace8. Second, security is the ability to foster and develop the potential and strength of the community in preventing, and overcoming all forms of violations of the the law and other forms of disturbance that can disturb the community. This announcement by the Chief of Police stated that the National Police fully supports government policies regarding the handling of Covid-19 and breaking the chain of the corona outbreak in Indonesia through taking action on people who were still gathering. In addition, the National Police also focuses on handling crimes that had the potential to occur during the implementation of the PSBB, such as street crime, resistance against officers, problems with the availability of basic commodities, and cybercrime9. To support the prosecution aspect, the National Police conducted a contingency operation Aman Nusa II 2020. This operation was carried out from 19 March to 17 April 2020. The period of operation can be extended based on the development of the situation on the ground. This task force had several sub-task units. First, the General Crime Sub Task Force (General Crime) was in charge of taking action against conventional crimes (theft, looting, robbery, natural disaster crimes, as well as health quarantine crimes). Second, the Economics sub-task unit was tasked with overseeing and taking action against hoarding of food and medical devices, taking action against those who export antiseptics, mask raw materials, personal protective equipment (PPE) and masks, as well as taking action on drugs or medical devices that did not comply with distribution standards/permits. Third, the Cyber Task Force sub-unit was take action against provocateurs and the spread of hoaxes related to the handling of Covid-1910. Unfortunately, the fact shows the substance of the information and operations carried out, the function of the National Police is more active in the area of prosecution of violations rather than prevention. As stated in the Police Law, the function of the Police is not only to take action but also to prevent it through persuasive efforts that can involve the community. It seems that this is not a Moderating Role of Consumer Involvement’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 332–42 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.02.005 8 Chenghua Guan and others, ‘The Impact of Pilot Free Trade Zone on Service Industry Structure Upgrading’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78.18 (2023), 472–91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.024 9 Zhen Liu and others, ‘The Impact of Green Trade Barriers on Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China and OECD Countries’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 319–31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.011 10 Xin Wu and others, ‘The Impact of Climate Change on Banking Systemic Risk’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 419–37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.012 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.012 114 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) priority for the Police considering that in the announcement, the Police want to mobilize all potential forces to support the implementation of the PSBB11. However, the main thing cannot be ignored is the pandemic caused many problems, such as health problems, economic problems, cultural problems, security problems, and even caused environmental problems. These are must be considered by the Indonesian police. This complexity at least seen from; First, fluctuations in the crime rate during the pandemic and PSBB which experienced increases and decreases. In February there were 17,411 cases, in March it rose to 20,845 cases, then in April it decreased again to 15,322 cases. Even though the quantity has decreased, there is potential for crime in several sectors that should be watched out for during the PSBB, such as street crimes (mugging, robbery, and motor vehicle theft). Second, changes in crime patterns during the pandemic. Roberts found that there were new forms of criminality that evolved as a result of exploiting the situation during the Covid-19 pandemic12. Figure 2: Increase in criminal acts during the Pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia Source: uns.id/p21 This was confirmed from the Police's point of view that crimes occurred throughout PSBB one of which is also caused by the people who are economically affected amid a pandemic. Criminals take advantage of the social restrictions that make the environment quiet to carry out their actions. This complexity needs to be scrutinized by the Police in determining the priority of law enforcement actions. The condition also happened in North Kalimantan. The province was red zone during the Covid-19 pandemic included many, this may continue to be a benchmark in handling Covid-19, or future pandemics may become a problem in North Kalimantan. North Kalimantan as the northernmost region of Indonesia can represent the future handling of Covid-19 in Indonesia. From the data of the Covid-19 in 2021 that North Kalimantan had been successful in handling, including those driven by the Indonesian National Police, North Kalimantan Region. Table 3: Covid-19 Data for North Kalimantan Province 11 Matthew Libassi, ‘Contested Subterranean Territory: Gold Mining and Competing Claims to Indonesia’s Underground’, Political Geography, 98.April 2021 (2022), 102675 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102675 12 Matthew Libassi, ‘Gold Conflict and Contested Conduct: Large- and Small-Scale Mining Subjectivities in Indonesia’, Geoforum, October, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.10.005 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102675 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.10.005 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 115 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) No Region/City Suspect (ODP) Asymptomatic Person (OTG) Patient Under Surveilance (PDP) Positive 1 Tarakan 98 303 6 32 2 Nunukan 18 74 2 35 3 Bulungan 27 168 12 34 4 Malinau 6 46 4 21 5 Tana Tidung 4 13 0 0 It is different from previous research which examined legal policies related to emergencies and their institutional roles. In my research on what Stone calls, there are five main categories that can be prioritized during a health emergency: (1) strict quarantine enforcement; (2) protect medical personnel; (3) taking action against the hoarding of medical devices and the sale of counterfeit drugs; (4) monitoring the potential for hoaxes that can trigger social conflict; and (5) arresting street criminals. According to the five categories, the position of the police in Indonesia is very important in developing strategies for handling them and in setting priority issues to be handled in emergencies. The purpose of this study focuses on the importance of preparing the police to be ready for future emergencies, with the right regulatory model, human resources in the police who have maximum capabilities in handling emergencies, and what supporting capacities must be prepared by the Indonesian state to deal with them. This becomes very urgent to be researched because it is possible for a country that is not ready to face an emergency can be a source of a state's failure and this failure can undermine a country's sovereignty, whether it is political sovereignty, economy, or a country's defense and security13. It is important to examine the role of the police during emergencies in Indonesia and on the issue of the role of the police as the main means of achieving peace and security for the people in Indonesia14. The existence of the police from time to time in Indonesia has always been an issue that has always been an academic debate, on the one hand as a means of implementing government legal policies, on the other hand, the debate is related to public trust in the police in Indonesia, which continues to decline. Another problem is the issue of the quality of police human resources which is far from standard which has implications for poor service standards for the community15. There is not much research that examines police issues both in Indonesia and globally, especially regarding the role of the police in 13 Ines Mergel, ‘Social Media Institutionalization in the U.S. Federal Government’, Government Information Quarterly, 33.1 (2016), 142–48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.002 14 J. Ignacio Criado and Julián Villodre, ‘Revisiting Social Media Institutionalization in Government. An Empirical Analysis of Barriers’, Government Information Quarterly, 39.2 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101643 15 Bambang Hudayana, Suharko, and A. B. Widyanta, ‘Communal Violence as a Strategy for Negotiation: Community Responses to Nickel Mining Industry in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia’, Extractive Industries and Society, 7.4 (2020), 1547–56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.08.012 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101643 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.08.012 116 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) maintaining security and peace in the country during an emergency. potential deficiencies found in terms of legal structure in the Indonesian police legal system are part of what this research will look for. the development of the role of the police in the future will be very strategic in a country, especially in matters of security and public compliance with the rule of law in handling emergencies in a country. 2. Research Method This research is based on doctrinal legal research on legal theory (concepts, rules, and principles) on the Institutional Role of Police Support in an Emergency: Evidence from Indonesia. This research is explanatory (explaining the law), hermeneutical (interpretation, argumentation), and evaluative (analyzing whether rules work in certain situations, or whether they are under the desired moral framework, legal principles, and societal goals). Part of the analysis is related to research questions using supporting disciplines, namely legal and emergency conditions in a country. The author provides a comparison of rules, cases, principles, and the conceptual framework The Institutional Role of Police Support in an Emergency: Evidence from Indonesia. This research elaborates the research problem within a theoretical framework using relevant legal data, especially normative and authoritative sources. Normative sources include texts of laws, agreements, general principles of data protection and privacy law, and the like. Authoritative sources are in the form of case law and scientific legal writings (literature). This research will be conducted using a problem-based approach: gathering facts, identifying legal issues, analyzing problems to find potential solutions, and arriving at tentative conclusions. 3. Results and Discussion The Disaster Management and Institutionalization Police Structures In terms of maintaining security and order which leads to law enforcement, a proportional increase in coordination and good cooperation is necessary because security and law enforcement issues are not solely handled by law enforcement officials or national Police only, but various aspects as well as dynamic situations and conditions that greatly affect the law and security16. The pre-emptive efforts accomplished by the Government, both the Central Government and the Regional Government. They have obligation to make public understanding to increase self-discipline by following the health protocols. Meanwhile, preventive efforts are by adopting a Large-Scale Social Restrictions policy. The effort to prevent and break the chain of the spread of 16 Happy Indah Kusumawati and others, ‘Factors Associated with Willingness to Perform Basic Life Support in the Community Setting in Yogyakarta, Indonesia’, Australasian Emergency Care, 47, 2023, 0–1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2023.03.003 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2023.03.003 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 117 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) Covid-19 in Indonesia require discipline in many aspects, especially in people's social life17. The figure of the Indonesian Police is noticeable everyday, especially during a pandemic, the national police established relations with the community. The presence of the Covid-19 task force deployed to oversee the implementation of health protocols, ensure the implementation of social distancing, and act quickly if there are indications of the spread of the virus. It is one concrete example that the National Police is present and ready for the community18. In the pandemic situation, very strict discipline is needed for people's social life in the form of physical distancing. This method is considered the most effective effort to prevent and reduce the spread of this virus. The government strengthens the obligation of physical distancing through the PSBB Law in Indonesia and the Regulations of the Ministry of Health. These rules must be obeyed, and to ensure compliance, the figure of the National Police is present and always ready to enforce the rules19. In this context, apart from medical personnel, the National Police are also at the forefront of dealing with the Covid-19 virus20. Responding to non-natural disasters that occur, the Government continues to make various efforts to protect the public. The efforts made by the Government of Indonesia in tackling the spread of Covid-19, in outline include pre-emptive, preventive. and repressive measures. The repressive action meant here is restoration action by preparing medical facilities to cure Covid-19 patients. As previously discussed, one of the efforts to reduce the death rate caused by the Covid-19 virus is the PSBB21. The success of the PSBB depends on public awareness and discipline, but to ensure both work, the role of the Police is needed in it. This is the problem. The role of the National Police, which is so crucial and significant in preventing the spread of Covid-19, is certainly an "additional" task that was never expected before. The National Police, on the 17 Verity Truelove, Kayla Stefanidis, and Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios, ‘“It Is a Different Type of Policing than in the Bush”: Police Officers’ Perceptions of the Differences in Enforcement of the Phone Use While Driving Legislation in Rural and Urban Areas’, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 186.August 2022 (2023), 107046 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107046 18 Marleen Stelter and others, ‘Shooter Biases and Stereotypes among Police and Civilians’, Acta Psychologica, 232.December 2022 (2023), 103820 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103820 19 Robert P. Peacock and others, ‘Examining a Third Level of Police Organizational Climate: Does Organizational Self-Legitimacy Shape Officer Attitudes on the Job?’, Journal of Criminal Justice, December 2022, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102046 20 Ward Berenschot and others, ‘Anti-Corporate Activism and Collusion: The Contentious Politics of Palm Oil Expansion in Indonesia’, Geoforum, 131.July 2021 (2022), 39–49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.03.002 21 Federico Liberatore, Miguel Camacho-Collados, and Lara Quijano-Sánchez, ‘Towards Social Fairness in Smart Policing: Leveraging Territorial, Racial, and Workload Fairness in the Police Districting Problem’, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, March, 2023, 101556 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101556 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107046 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103820 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102046 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101556 118 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) one hand, has routine duties as a law enforcement officer and public order guard, while on the other hand, it is the party that is relied upon to enforce PSBB regulations22. At the same time, all police personnel in the field must also increase their vigilance for themselves because the possibility of contracting this virus is also high. The Indonesian National Police stated that law enforcement related to efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 was a last resort. According to the Head of the Public Information Section (Kabagpenum) of the Public Relations Division of the Police AKBP. Asep Adi Saputra "Law enforcement carried out by the National Police during the period of preventing the spread of Covid-19, in principle, is a last resort or ultimum remedium,"23. The priority efforts are pre- emptive and preventive. According to Asep, new law enforcement steps will be taken if the two efforts are not successful. The National Police have issued five telegrams which serve as guidelines for law enforcement investigators amid a health emergency in Indonesia24. Several crimes were targeted by the police in the telegram, among others, those who fought against officers, hoarders of staple goods, to insulting President Joko Widodo and other government officials in dealing with Covid-19 on social media. Then next is the latest telegram letter from the National Police Chief Listyo Sigit Prabowo25. Namely, the telegram number ST/183/II/Ops.2/2021, where the points are explained as follows: Conduct analysis and evaluation of the handling of Covid-19 with the Regional Leadership Communication Forum, especially regarding the effectiveness of PPKM implementation which has been carried out to maintain health and public safety, Then, communication, cooperation and collaboration with local government, TNI, hospitals, and other stakeholders to increase the capacity of treatment rooms and isolation of Covid-19 patients, and prioritize treatment in special hospitals for critical patients, then, Conduct education and Massive outreach so that people are disciplined about health protocols, especially 5M 22 Michael D. Reisig, Rick Trinkner, and Dennis Sarpong, ‘Measuring Normative Obligation to Obey the Police: An Empirical Assessment of a New Police Legitimacy Scale’, Journal of Criminal Justice, November 2022, 2023, 102045 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102045 23 Matthew Libassi, ‘Uneven Ores: Gold Mining Materialities and Classes of Labor in Indonesia’, Journal of Rural Studies, 98.April 2022 (2023), 101–13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.01.013 24 Judith L. Komaki, ‘A Positive Reinforcement Approach to Police Reform: Potential Benefit for Both Black and Police Communities’, Organizational Dynamics, 2023, 100976 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2023.100976 25 Fablina Sharara and others, ‘Fatal Police Violence by Race and State in the USA, 1980–2019: A Network Meta-Regression’, The Lancet, 398.10307 (2021), 1239–55 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)01609-3 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102045 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.01.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2023.100976 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01609-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01609-3 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 119 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) (wearing masks, washing hands, keeping distance, avoiding crowds, reducing mobility)26. The conducting training to build resilient archipelago villages in their respective regions, so that they can make a real contribution to preventing the spread and providing protection to the community and establishing cooperation with local governments (Pamong Praja police units), the military, and other stakeholders. Learn, guide, and apply in the field all telegram letters from the Chief of Police regarding the handling of Covid-19 and their application according to conditions in each region27. This telegram letter is one of the steps taken after seeing the security conditions and transmission rates which are still increasing, but are still guided by the previous telegram letters. Related to handling and policies in dealing with criminal acts during a pandemic28. The hoax case occurred again, this time the perpetrator edited the news with the title "Corona is epidemic, Governor Ganjar takes 2 weeks off sales and employees throughout Central Java" even though the news is not true. The Governor of Central Java closed schools, which meant that children would not spread the Covid-19 virus. Not dismissing employees and workers who make a living, because that is their right. The Director of the Special Criminal Investigation Unit for the Central Java Regional Police has received special attention to the above case. So far, some hoax information has been found in cyber patrols that have been carried out since the outbreak of the Corona Virus pandemic. Head of Sub Unit V cyber AKBP Agung Prabowo revealed that most of the hoax information circulating about Corona started with WhatsApp chain messages and the like. According to Agung, the investigators only took persuasive steps29. This is because we don't want to take actions that could destabilize the atmosphere amid the Corona issue. Disseminators of hoax information can be subject to threats of punishment. Usually, said Agung, those who spread hoaxes would be sentenced to under five years in prison. However, Agung admitted, cyber investigators usually consider the content of hoax 26 Benjamin W. Fisher and Amy E. Fisher, ‘Criminal Justice System Contact of Students with Disabilities by Race and Ethnicity: Examining the Role of School Police’, Children and Youth Services Review, 149.November 2022 (2023), 106953 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106953 27 Andi Eka Sakya and others, ‘Sow the Seeds of Tsunami Ready Community in Indonesia: Lesson Learned from Tanjung Benoa, Bali’, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 87.August 2022 (2023), 103567 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103567 28 Djarot Sulistio Wisnubroto and others, ‘Preventing and Countering Insider Threats and Radicalism in an Indonesian Research Reactor : Development of a Human Reliability Program ( HRP )’, Heliyon, 9.5 (2023), e15685 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15685 29 Andre Sorensen, ‘Periurbanization as the Institutionalization of Place: The Case of Japan’, Cities, 53 (2016), 134–40 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.03.009 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106953 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103567 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15685 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.03.009 120 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) information being spread first. If the hoax information being spread can create public uproar and corner, his party will take action. Depends on the content30. It's all kinds of things, it can be slander, slander, or something like that. It's in the law. So far, when it comes to catching hoax spreaders, we haven't gotten there. However, there are indeed many findings of Corona hoaxes in various regions. Most importantly, we remain on standby patrols. Then, Agung also revealed, forwarders of hoax information can also be criminally charged according to Article 45A paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2016. However, investigators will usually consider further the legal facts of someone's involvement in passing on information. Hoax. "Actually, the administrator of this information allows other people to access the hoax information. So, it could be entangled, but we must first check what kind of involvement it is. The successor of this hoax information is usually because of panic. If you are in doubt about the information you get, it's better to just leave it alone, no need to share31. The National Police continues to maintain stability, security, and comfort in society. Suppressing the issue of hoaxes that keep popping up while maintaining and ensuring the maintenance of health protocols together with medical staff is certainly not easy32. However, this has become part of the role and function of the Police. Like for example the police in Bangladesh where the Police are working relentlessly to control national, transnational, and economic cybercrime despite the many internal, external, mental, physical, political, and social problems they face. This study attempts to assess the leadership roles of police servants and the challenges they face33. As in a study on community satisfaction to the police will provide mandates and powers that are carried out such as whether community members are satisfied with law enforcement is a fundamental determinant of their willingness to cooperate with the police, and obey the law. from here we can see the very urgent role of the police in every country in the world, the role of the police as a primary role in any country in 30 Antonin Margier, ‘The Institutionalization of “Tiny Home” Villages in Portland: Innovative Solution to Address Homelessness or Preclusion of Radical Housing Practices?’, Cities, 137.September 2022 (2023), 104333 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104333 31 Rahwa Haile and others, ‘“We (Still) Charge Genocide”: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of the Direct and Indirect Health Consequences of Police Violence in the United States’, Social Science and Medicine, 322.July 2022 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115784 32 Zayyad Abdul-Baki, Ahmed Diab, and Abdulraheem Olayiwola Kadir, ‘Resisting Institutionalized Corruption: The Case of Public Audit in Nigeria’, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, xxxx, 2022, 107052 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.107052 33 Daniel Wolfe and Roxanne Saucier, ‘In Rehabilitation’s Name? Ending Institutionalised Cruelty and Degrading Treatment of People Who Use Drugs’, International Journal of Drug Policy, 21.3 (2010), 145–48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.01.008 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104333 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115784 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.107052 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.01.008 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 121 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) the world, especially in matters of security and public order which is directly proportional to the trust of the community itself34. The Role of Institutionalization Police Support in Emergency Situation The state defense and security efforts are carried out through a system of defense and security for the people as a whole by the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police, as the main force, and the people as the supporting force. Based on the provisions of Article 30 paragraph (2) above, the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (POLRI) are state institutions that carry out governmental tasks in the field of national defense and security. Article 30 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia stipulates, "The National Police of the Republic of Indonesia as a tool of the State that maintains security and public order is tasked with protecting, protecting, serving the community, and enforcing the law." Domestic security is the main requirement to support the realization of a just, prosperous and civilized civil society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Every rule of laws country has law enforcement officers including the state police which universally have the duty and function of maintaining security and public order under provisions -The legal provisions that apply to realizing legal certainty and justice, the functions and duties of the Indonesian National Police have been regulated in several statutory provisions35. The Police function is a function of government. So that the Police institution is a state institution that has the status and position as an executive agency to carry out government functions in the field of maintaining public security and order, law enforcement, protection, protection, and service to the community. This is as stipulated in Article 2 of the Indonesian Police Law, namely "The function of the police is one of the functions of the state government in the field of maintaining security and public order, law enforcement, protection, protection, and service to the community36. Public security and order is the main modality in realizing the ideals of national development, so efforts to create public security and order must be carried out systematically and comprehensively in carrying out the Police function. Police action is part of government action to achieve government goals. The aims of the intended government include: making and maintaining law or maintaining order and peace (rush and order);, realizing the will of the state and organizing. It takes the placement of the police so that the regulations made carried out considering and considering the attitudes and behavior of people who have not 34 Mariska J.M. Bottema and Simon R. Bush, ‘The Durability of Private Sector-Led Marine Conservation: A Case Study of Two Entrepreneurial Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia’, Ocean and Coastal Management, 61 (2012), 38–48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.01.004 35 Shelley Walker and others, ‘Police Custody in Australia: A Call for Transparency and Accountability’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 47.2 (2023), 1–3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100040 36 Zainuri Hasyim and others, ‘Challenges Facing Independent Monitoring Networks in the Indonesian Timber Legality Assurance System’, Forest Policy and Economics, 111.September 2019 (2020), 102025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102025 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.01.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100040 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102025 122 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) adapted to health emergencies the spread of the virus is increasingly widespread, thus increasing the problems in implementing the health protocols set out in carrying out activities. the police implement primary prevention through the institutionalization of the police37. The Police in handling emergencies also requires strategic steps in their implementation to realize non-natural disaster management so that they pass quickly and do not cause major losses to the State. The police technically have to intervene to control the handling according to the rules that have been set. In order to realize its goals, a task force for handling Covid-19 was formed to implement large-scale social restrictions (PSBB), which proves that the police's task of dealing with emergencies is very effective and successful, as we can see in the graph below, the average percentage increase in cases Covid-19 in Indonesia, before and after the implementation of the PSBB policy, which was directly handled by the Indonesian police as follows38: Figure 3: The average percentage of the increase in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia, before and after the PSBB policy, which immediately became the duty of the police. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 S u la w e si U ta ra S u la w e si S e la ta n K a li m a n ta n S e la ta n B a li K a li m a n ta n T im u r K a b . R ia u S u m a te ra S e la ta n La m p u n g Ja w a T im u r K a li m a n ta n U ta ra P a p u a N T B D IY R ia u Ja w a T e n g a h A ce h Ja w a B a ra t K a li m a n ta n T e n g a h B a n te n S u la w e si U ta ra D K I Ja k a rt a S u m a te ra B a ra t K a li m a n ta n B a ra t S u la w e si T e n g a h S u la w e si T e n g g a ra B e n g ku lu M a lu ku B a n g ka B e li tu n g Ja m b i M a lu ku U ta ra S u la w e si B a ra t P a p u a B a ra t G o ro n ta lo Average % Increase in Covid-19 in Indonesia Before and After PSBB Policy Before PSBB After PSBB National Average Before PSBB National Average after PSBB From this we can see that the duties and authorities of the National Police in carrying out assistance tasks and as the front guard in responding to health emergencies are very strategic. PSBB as part of primary prevention in the picture above can be seen successfully suppressing the presentation of an increase in Covid-19 cases of emergency Covid-19 nationally, the success of the police in 37 Randi Solhjell, ‘How Acts Become Hate Crime: The Police’s Documenting of Criminal Cases’, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 72.September 2022 (2023), 100574 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100574 38 Richard Abayomi Aborisade, ‘On the “Darkness of Dark Figure” of Sexual Crimes: Survivors’ Rape Reporting Experiences with the Nigerian Police’, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 73.March (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100576 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100574 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100576 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 123 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) implementing PSBB is very important as a study of even the slightest mistakes in this primary prevention effort also has a significant impact on security and survival of the country in an emergency39. The concept of social distancing is the concept of maintaining a safe distance from other humans of at least 2 meters to reduce or even break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 or this emergency situation. The main goal of social distancing is to reduce the possibility of physical contact between infected people and non-infected people to minimize disease transmission. Social Distancing can be practiced by not leaving the house unless there is an urgent need, such as buying medicine, buying groceries, and other activities. Social Distancing can also be done without shaking hands, simply waving or greeting by raising both hands when meeting other people40. Other examples are working from home, studying from home, not doing activities that invite many people, and not visiting sick people. it becomes important in this emergency situation how the police as law enforcers can also enforce public order in carrying out government policies. while Indonesia has different conditions from other countries, a very wide area, multi-religious, multi- ethnic, and multi-cultural, including a culture of law enforcement. Certainty, that the process of implementing primary prevention in the implementation of the supporting capacity of the police in Indonesia has different characteristics from other countries, different situations, and different circumstances, so that it is necessary to arrange final regulations and policies, which create legal certainty for handling emergencies by the police in the future in Indonesia41. The function of the police is the duties and powers of the police in general, meaning that all work activities carried out by the police include preventive and law enforcement or (repressive) activities. In Indonesian police law the main duties of the police are formulated as follows: First, maintaining security and public order; second, upholding the law; And third, providing protection, shelter, and service to the community. To develop an effective police service and professional duties, it is necessary to develop and build a police institution. To realize this, of course, we must build a police force that is under the development of a professional society in carrying out its duties and obligations as the front guard when the state experiences an emergency, such as an emergency in the health sector. development of police institutions under national policies or state policies. Based on the observations of researchers, the implementation of Polri revitalization 39 Lu Liu and Li Chen, ‘Demystifying China’s Police Tactical Units’, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 73.November 2022 (2023), 100595 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100595 40 Ahmed Ajil and Silvia Staubli, ‘Predictive Policing and Negotiations of (in)Formality: Exploring the Swiss Case’, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 74.April 2022 (2023), 100605 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100605 41 Wahyu Fadli Satrya, Ria Aprilliyani, and Emny Harna Yossy, ‘Sentiment Analysis of Indonesian Police Chief Using Multi-Level Ensemble Model’, Procedia Computer Science, 216.2022 (2023), 620–29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.177 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100595 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100605 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.177 124 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) in Indonesia is a specific strategy so that performance and services to the community run effectively, and efficiently and have a target42. Polri revitalization is included as a step towards reforming the Polri bureaucracy which can be analyzed through the theory of bureaucratic reform as stated by Sedarmayanti, as follows, the changes in the way of thinking of law enforcement, mindset, attitudes and actions, the police carry out institutional development by forming a third road map. integrity improvement has attempted to implement changes in the way of thinking to all members through a management strategy for changing mindsets (mind sets) and work culture (culture sets). with intensive communication, between leaders and between leaders and members on a regular and systematic basis related to the management strategy of institutional change in a better direction. Apart from that, through the educational process to improve the mindset of law enforcement, including the issue of police emergencies as the front guard43. The Changing mindset of the rulers of state security and order to become public servants, the police as servants. this is evidenced by various processes, starting from duties in the field of prevention, dissemination of rules to the public, also in terms of law enforcement, as servants in the field of law in protecting the interests of individuals, society and the state44. The secondary preventive authority of the Indonesian National Police is related to how the Indonesian National Police institution can change the mindset in the road map when the police are part of preventive efforts from within the institution. The three components of the road map or macro framework for the Police revitalization program are one unit that is believed to be able to revitalize the role of the Police to make the Police more serving, proactive, transparent and accountable, based on the principles of obeying the law, obeying procedures, and obeying ethics, so that it is expected to increase trust in the community and the internal solidity of the Police45. The Problematization of Institutionalization Police Support in Emergencies The purpose of public service is basically to satisfy the public. To achieve this satisfaction, excellent service quality is required, which is reflected in, transparency. All the results of strengthening institutions, creative breakthroughs, 42 Eris Achyar, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, and Ganesh P. Shivakoti, ‘Dynamics of the Multi- Stakeholder Forum and Its Effectiveness in Promoting Sustainable Forest Fire Management Practices in South Sumatra, Indonesia’, Environmental Development, 13 (2015), 4–17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.11.002 43 Arnie Cordero Trinidad and Elizabeth Protacio-De Castro, ‘The Institutionalization of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies in Indonesia’, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51.May (2020), 101918 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101918 44 Meity Ardiana and others, ‘Higher Cardiovascular Risks and Atherogenic Index of Plasma Found in Police Officers of Developing Country in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia’, Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 17.September (2022), 101132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101132 45 Kritsada Theerakosonphong and Somsak Amornsiriphong, ‘The Interplay of Labor and Capital Perspectives on Formalization Approaches: Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Bangkok’, Heliyon, 8.3 (2022), e09061 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09061 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.11.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101918 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09061 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 125 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) and increasing integrity aim to improve public services to the community so that all work is directly supervised by the community. In addition, there is a complaint number for the community. Accountability, can be accounted for under regulatory provisions legislation. All of these results were carried out as a form of police responsibility in carrying out bureaucratic reform through the revitalization of the Indonesian police towards excellent service and in accordance with the duties of the police, namely maintaining security and public order, orderly and enforcing the law, and providing protection. protection and service to the community46. This is evidenced by the results of several creative breakthroughs, one of which is the Door to Door Traffic Accident Investigation which is a form of effort to suppress public complaints about the handling of traffic accidents so that they can be carried out more efficiently and effectively. Participatory, encouraging community participation in the implementation of public service activities by taking into account the aspirations, needs and expectations of the community. This is evidenced by several results from increasing integrity, one of which is community police socialization and police and community communication forums. interactive through radio and social media, of course, so that people can convey criticism and suggestions by telephone47. The institutional role of police support in an emergency includes, strength of personnel, police human resources, which must be qualified to deal with all existing situations and conditions including quantity and quality that meet standards, not only national standards must also become international standard police, infrastructure in the role of institutionalizing police in an emergency in a country also includes the quality and quantity of infrastructure, weapons, transportation, buildings, other facilities needed in handling emergencies within a country, complementing police infrastructure is the same as completing state defense and security infrastructure in the military48, even though the police are in the internal field of life nation and state which are the main tasks, how to ensure that the community carries out the orders of the law, the legal culture of the community in terms of building the police institution to increase public trust in the police institution in Indonesia49. The community strongly supports the change of the police towards a civil, professional, moral and modern police institution, as 46 Ade Paranata, ‘The Miracle of Anti-Corruption Efforts and Regional Fiscal Independence in Plugging Budget Leakage: Evidence from Western and Eastern Indonesia’, Heliyon, 8.10 (2022), e11153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11153 47 Mohammad Abdul Jabber, Md Nazmus Sakib, and Md Mostafizur Rahman, ‘Exploring the Roles and Challenges of the Servant Leadership: A Critical Examination of the Bangladesh Police’, Heliyon, 9.1 (2023), e12782 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12782 48 Zhengyong Zhang, Zefeng Xu, and Yi Ding, ‘Do Economic Growth Target Constraints Affect Firm Innovation?’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 373–88 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.018 49 Mudeer Ahmed Khattak and others, ‘Digital Transformation, Diversification and Stability: What Do We Know about Banks?’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 122–32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.004 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12782 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.004 126 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) well as increasing cooperation with all levels of society in the context of maintaining security and order in a more conducive society. Without the support of the community everything is difficult to run50. The problematization of institutionalization of Polri's support in this emergency situation can be seen in the picture below. The problem of Polri's human resources, the ideal number both in terms of quantity and quality of police in Indonesia is not ideal compared to the size of Indonesia's territory, the problem of the lack of support capacity in the state budget to support the heavy duty of Polri, especially in emergencies. It is as if the police agencies in Indonesia are forced to work optimally with a budget far below the minimum standard for police budgets in countries in the world, especially in an emergency51. a task that is not optimal is a definite result because a good police program in an emergency will be in vain if it is not supported by an ideal state budget and the third problem is the legal culture of the Indonesian people which is still poor in terms of compliance with the law and law enforcement standards. with laws or legal policies whose quality of law enforcement is good but very poor with compliance with laws and government policies52. To overcome existing problems, which is called strengthening the carrying capacity of the National Police through revitalizing policies, regulations, and infrastructure through good 50 Huilong Xie, Jiashu Zhang, and Jingwen Shao, ‘Difference in the Influence of Internet Use on the Relative Poverty among Farmers with Different Income Structures’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 561–70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.022 51 Jian hui Jian and others, ‘Political Uncertainty, Officials’ Characteristics Heterogeneity and Firm Cost Stickiness’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78.31512241232 (2023), 776–91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.04.012 52 Fredj Fhima, Ridha Nouira, and Khalid Sekkat, ‘How Does Corruption Affect Sustainable Development? A Threshold Non-Linear Analysis’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 505–23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.020 Culture of Indonesian People Support Capacity (Budgeting) Human Resource of POLRI THE SOLUTION https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.04.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.020 ISSN 2807-2812 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 127 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. (The Role of Institutionalization Police Support…) budgeting, including how to educate an orderly and just society, these are some of the main issues. when the country is in a future emergency situation in Indonesia53. 4. Conclusion The handling of emergencies with the support of the police in Indonesia can be seen from the various laws and regulations issued as legal policies by the Indonesian government during an emergency, hence the police in responding to health emergencies be effective against future pandemics. Weaknesses found when using the carrying capacity of the National Police as the frontline in handling emergencies need to be further regulated, especially regarding the division of tasks among health workers. Handling emergencies by utilizing the police as the main guard will not work properly without human resources, budgetary support, regulatory support, and revitalization of human resources within the police and supported by a good culture of legal compliance in society. The Polri agency, in several studies has weaknesses in handling emergencies in Indonesia. It must be addressed immediately to deal with future pandemics, especially in terms of increasing quality and quantity. The limitation of good human resources is also a problem in dealing with this emergency situation, somehow it is an impact on the lack of public trust in the Indonesian police institution. References Abdul-Baki, Zayyad, Ahmed Diab, and Abdulraheem Olayiwola Kadir, ‘Resisting Institutionalized Corruption: The Case of Public Audit in Nigeria’, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, xxxx, 2022, 107052 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.107052 Aborisade, Richard Abayomi, ‘On the “Darkness of Dark Figure” of Sexual Crimes: Survivors’ Rape Reporting Experiences with the Nigerian Police’, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 73.March (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100576 Achyar, Eris, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, and Ganesh P. Shivakoti, ‘Dynamics of the Multi-Stakeholder Forum and Its Effectiveness in Promoting Sustainable Forest Fire Management Practices in South Sumatra, Indonesia’, Environmental Development, 13 (2015), 4–17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.11.002 53 Anindya Sen and others, ‘Do More Stringent Policies Reduce Daily COVID-19 Case Counts? Evidence from Canadian Provinces’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023), 225–40 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.006 https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.107052 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100576 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.11.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.006 128 Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System ISSN 2807-2812 Vol. 3, No. 1, March 2023, pp. 109-133 Aris Irawan, et al,. 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