145

Journal  of  ICSAR
ISSN (print): 2548-8619; ISSN (online): 2548-8600
Volume 1 Number 2 July 2017

The Effect of Picture and Picture Learning Model towards Science Outcomes for  Students 
with Hearing Impairment in the Class VII

Yaumil Ainin Pradina, Wiwik Dwi Hastuti

Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
Email : renasaini@yahoo.co.id

Abstract: Learning science would be difficult if it is abstract. This impact on students’ learning outcomes, 
because it make learning activity not absorbed maximally. It happens to all students including students with 
hearing impairment. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of the picture and picture learning 
model towards science learning outcomes. This research was quasi-experimental (Quasi Experiment) 
with the type of time series design. The results showed that there are significant differences between the 
average value of pretest and post-test. It can be concluded that the learning model picture and picture 
effected the science learn outcomes for students with hearing impairment in SMPLBN.

Keywords: picture and picture learning model, learning outcomes, children with hearing impairment

Education is one of the vehicles to gain knowledge, 
and all people are required to get an education 
without exception, with their education will produce 
a generation who are more competent in their field. 
Physical, economic conditions, social conditions is not 
the obstacles to education. This is regulated in Act of RI 
No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System Article 
32 so-called “special education is an education for 
learners who have difficulties in following the learning 
process because of physical, emotional, mental, social 
“(Efendi, 2009).

A student with hearing impairment is a student 
who has experienced an interruption in hearing. As 
result, he is in inability to communicate not only in 
terms of language skills such as reading and writing 
but also in social adjustment and learning outcomes 
at school. A student with hearing impairment can 
develop optimally, it must be understood his needs to 
be provided with appropriate support.

According to Kustawan (2013) Learning outcomes 
is the competence or capability obtained learners with 
special needs after going through of the learning 
activities. Learners with special needs is successful in 
his study when he  achieve the learning objectives with 
the minimum completeness criteria set by the teachers/
schools. Meanwhile, according to Oemar (2006) the 
learning outcome is that if someone has learned to 
expect a change in behavior, for example from not 
knowing become knowing and not understanding 
become understanding.

The main problem in children with hearing loss is 
a problem of communication. Inability to communicate 
has a broad impact as follows problem of language 

skills such as reading-writing, social adjustment 
and school performance. In order for students with 
hearing impairment can develop optimally, it must be 
understood their needs to be provided with appropriate 
support. In education services for students with hearing 
impairment, using images and video very helpful to 
explain the intent and purpose of the material.

According to Pratiwi and Murtiningsih (2013) 
SLB B is a special school that cater for special needs 
children with hearing loss. Shape curriculum and 
teaching aids are stuated with students’ needs and 
condition. The suitable media for them is visual form 
or by using the language of the lips/hands. 

The results of observations about learning science 
in deaf students of class VII in SMPLBN is less target 
graduation in learning due to many factors such as 
the less varied media, monotonous learning models, 
and low motivation on students. Results SMPLBN 
VII grade students is still relatively low, especially in 
IPA learning. For example, in the process of science 
learning with natural phenomena of biotic and abiotic 
matter, teachers only explain the material by using the 
blackboard, so that, learning is less pleasant, student 
activity is less, student motivation is low and the results 
of student learning outcomes are also low.

Somad (1996: 34) expresses the characteristics 
of children with hearing impairment as follows: (1) 
The characteristics in terms of intelligence. In general, 
deaf children have normal intelligence or average. 
Otherwise, the development of intelligence is strongly 
influenced by the language development so that  deaf 
children will reveal low intelligence (2) characteristics 
in terms of language and speech. The ability to speak 



146 Journal of ICSAR; Volume 1, Number 2, July 2017: 145-149

different language and deaf children with hearing 
children, this is due to the development of language is 
closely related to the ability to hear. (3) characteristics 
in terms of emotional and social. Deafness may result 
alienated from society or social rules that apply in the 
community where he lives. This situation hindered the 
development of the child’s personality toward maturity.

One of the characteristics of deaf students’ learning 
is by using visual senses. This study used a learning 
model using visual learning media. One model of 
learning that uses visual learning media is picture and 
picture learning model. The purpose of this learning 
model that teachers know more about the capabilities 
of each student. Students are trained to think logically 
and systematically, students are helped to learn to 
think from the viewpoint of a subject to discussion 
with students in the practice of freedom of thought, 
the students’ motivation to learn is more developed, 
students are involved in planning and classroom 
management. One of these models is the picture and 
picture learning model.

According to Suprijono (2009) picture and 
picture is a learning strategy that uses images as a 
medium of learning, learning by using Picture and 
picture models will allow learners to know something 
concrete. Meanwhile, according to Ngalimun (2016) 
picture and picture are a real treat competency 
information, presentation materials, show the picture 
of the activities relating to the material, students sort 
pictures so sistemtic, teachers confirm the order of 
the picture, teachers instill concept appropriately in 
teaching materials, inference, evaluation and reflection. 
Picture and Picture Learning Model in science teaching 
materials especially for biotic and abiotic natural 
phenomena is hoped to help a deaf child to describe 
and argue about the natural phenomena. Therefore, 
researchers took the title “The Effect of Picture and 
Picture Instructional Model toward Science Learning 
Outcomes for The Deaf Student in Class VII SMPLBN”.

METHOD

The research design used in this study was a quasi 
experimental Design. A quasi-experimental research 
experiments conducted in the form of treatment is then 
given to the research subjects are not fully controlled. 
Quasi-experimental type used is Time Series Design, 
according to Sugiyono (2012) used for research groups 
can not be chosen randomly. In the design of this 
study is only the use of one group just given a pretest 
to four times in order to determine the stability and 
clarity of the circumstances before the treated group 
and given a post-test four times. If the results of pre 
test given four times are fickle mean the group showed 
an unstable state. If the pre-test results are not stable, 
then performed a pre-test to obtain stable results in the 

group. In this study using deaf students of class VII 
SMPLBN. They are 6 students in the second semester 
of the 2015/2016 academic year.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 

Findings

In this study, a deaf student in class VII SMPLB 
is 6 students with hearing barriers. Learning by using 
picture and picture model that aims to enable them to 
learn. The image given is simple and does not contain 
other elements. The analysis of research that has been 
done as follows: a) planning, b) implementation, and c) 
the data analysis.

In this planning, it was done early stages of 
observation to the school which was held on 1 March, 
and has obtained a license to conduct research in the 
faculty addressed to SMPLBN, after it was compiled 
about the pre-test and post-test, after composing 
instruments or about the study and then in validation 
by subject matter experts and practitioners. The results 
of the validation instruments and media carried out by 
an expert practitioner of material later. Obtained a score 
of validation by subject matter experts was 91 which 
indicates the value of the validation of 95% showed 
that the validation results was very decent.

The relevance of that aspect was points, lesson 
plans, content, matter, and media in the Picture and 
Picture learning model interconnected with the ability 
of students to be measured. A grain of material with the 
use of the picture and picture learning model correspond 
to the learning objectives that can attract more active 
student. The teacher and students interactions were 
more meaningful and Science learning outcomes would 
be increased.

The results of the validation studies showed that 
the media images make improvements in the picture 
and picture learning model needs to be enlarged to 50% 
again. While the results of the validation by expert 
practitioners score was 79 which showed the results 
of the validation of 94%, showing that the results 
of the validation of instruments included in the very 
decent category. The aspects assessed in this validation 
was lattice-left, RPP, matter, matter and media in the 
picture and picture learning model. The results of the 
validation study to make improvements in the image on 
the material that was less magnified.

At the pre-test phase, the implementation of 
treatment, the implementation of the post-test was 
held on May 2016-17 May 3, 2016. After learning of 
the pre-test and post-test then do recapitulation useful 
to determine whether there was an increase learning 
outcomes thereafter treatment. Table 1 recapitulation 
of the value of pre-test and post-test.



147Yaumil Ainin Pradina, Wiwik Dwi Hastuti, The Effect of Picture and Picture Learning Model towards . . . .

= 2. From the testing criteria have been established, 
then the price of T0 <Ttabel, then H0 rejected. With 
so it can be concluded there are differences in learning 
outcomes IPA deaf students of class VII before and 
after treatment with study model picture and picture.

Discussion

A deaf child is a child who experienced obstacles 
in his hearing, so that in the process of interaction 
either in education or environment of communities of 
deaf children rely heavily on visual. Zulfah and Biasa 
(2015) also revealed that the mastery of materials 
science of deaf children need visual observation 
according to the characteristics of deaf children 
who are accustomed to learn visually. Meanwhile, 
according to Sarmi et al. (2015) related to science 
subjects, students’ understanding of the nature around 
is still far from the expected.

Learning categorized successful when learning 
can be understood by the child and meaningful for the 
future, so that in the learning of deaf children need 
visual media. One of the media or learning models 
that form the model of learning visual picture and 
picture that the media image as a supporter. Hasan 

Table  1. Descriptive Statistics

Table 2. The Recapitalation Result of Pre-test and Post-test Value
No Name Value

Pre-test (X) Post-Test (Y)
1 NHL 19 58
2 AZD 35,5 88,25
3 AM 34,25 78,75
4 SR 19,25 64,75
5 JYD 27,25 66,25
6 MNM 37 80

Table 3. Wilcoxon Test

No Nilai Pre-test  
(X1)

Nilai Post-test 
(X2)

(X2-X1) Rank Tanda
Positif Negatif

1 19 58 +39 1,5 +1,5
2 35,5 88,25 +52,75 6 +6
3 34,25 78,75 +44,5 4 +4
4 19,25 64,75 +45,5 5 +5
5 27,25 66,25 +39 1,5 +1,5
6 37 80 +43 3 +3
                                           Jumlah 21 0

Based on the table 1, the data obtained with 
a minimum value of 19.00 pre-test and Post-test 
minumun value was 58.00. While the maximum value 
is 37.00 pre-test and post-test maximum value was 
88.00. While the average value of pre test 50 before 
using model picture and picture at 28.50, while the 
average value after using model picture and picture 
at 72.33.

On the value of the recapitulation of the above, it 
can be concluded that the results of studying science 
when pre-test done is very low and when given 
treatment (tretment) of picture and picture learning 
model, students can improve learning outcomes for the 
better again this is evidenced by the implementation 
of a post-test.

In this study, using statistical hypothesis testing 
with test nonparametik, by using the Wilcoxon test. 
Wilcoxon test is a statistical method used to test the 
difference of two data pairs, it is thus the number of 
sample data is always as much. Table 3 is the result of 
the data in the Wilcoxon test.

Based on the calculation of the amount of the 
absolute value is taken (the smallest) is Tcount = 0. 
While the price Ttabel the real level of α = 0.05 was 
obtained price Ttable = 2 means that T0 = 0 <Ttabel 



148 Journal of ICSAR; Volume 1, Number 2, July 2017: 145-149

(2003) revealed the media image is said to be very 
effectively used in the classroom because it (1) is 
concrete, more realistic shows the subject matter than 
the media verbal only, (2) can overcome the limitations 
of space and time, (3) can be overcome limitations of 
observation, (4) can clarify a problem in any field and 
for any age level, so as to prevent misunderstanding, 
and (5) cheap and easily obtained and used without 
the need for special equipment.

While Aunurrahman (2009) states that when 
students participate actively in the learning process, 
then these students will be easier to understand the 
material, and will indirectly improve student learning 
outcomes. Researchers can determine the ability of 
students in composing images in a sequence, show 
pictures, provide information and explain the image, 
indirectly researchers can also determine the ability of 
students to understand the concept.

The results of deaf children learn science generally 
the same as a normal child, it’s just that deaf children 
experience limitations in receiving information and 
understand a concept. To improve the understanding 
of the concept can be given a project approach which 
this approach focuses on learning models tailored to 
the circumstances given by the students.

 In addition, according Herlianti (2015) which 
mengakaji about the execution of science teaching 
deaf children in classes VI SLB YPPLB Padang. The 
results showed that science teaching deaf children less 
than the maximum if not practice or using a supporting 
medium, such as a picture. Thus, in this study explain 
without using the media to support science learning 
outcomes for deaf children less achieve the desired 
results indirectly learning objectives are not achieved.

While the research conducted by Igirisa and 
Ismail (2015) which examines the learning outcomes 
in the wake of space material for deaf students 
through cooperative learning model type of picture 
and picture. The results showed that the learning 
cycle I was69.14% with good criteria and excellent 
got increase reached 88.84% with the same criteria. 
3 students or 60% of 5 students were given treatment 
classified as thoroughly studied with a score of 70 
in the first cycle, also increased in the second cycle 
were awarded to five students who also completed 
treatment in learning outcomes

In this study, it is hoped the picture and picture 
learning model effect on the results of deaf students in 
learning science in grade VII SMPLBN.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Based on the results obtained through the 
Wilcoxon test can be concluded that there is effect of 
picture and picture learning model toward IPA learning 

outcomes for students with hearing impairment in the 
grade VII SMPLBN.

From the development of the picture and picture 
media, the researcher provide recommendations for 
teachers and further researchers.

It is necessary to use the media in learning 
approach. Teachers can use the picture and picture 
model of learning in all subjects. By using the flannel 
board media, teachers can disassemble the image with 
the subject matter or other. For the next researcher, 
which uses this study of  picture and picture learning 
model  is expected to enhance the image and if needed 
a board that is used as the put the image to be more 
innovative and interesting. Image provided should be 
in accordance with the conditions and the ability of 
the students themselves, using clear images and easily 
encountered in their neighborhood.

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