Journal of Language and Literature ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) Abd Ali Nayif Hasan 1 A Contrastive Analysis of Haplology Patterns in Modern Standard English and Modern Standard Arabic Abd Ali Nayif Hasan abdalinayhf@yahoo.com Department of English, College of Basic Education, University of Babylon, IRAQ Abstract Phonologically speaking, each word in a language consists of one or more syllables. In both modern standard English (henceforth MSE) and modern standard Arabic (henceforth MSA), a syllable may be followed by an identical one. In this case, one of such syllables is eliminated. This phonological process is referred to as haplology. The present study aims at finding out similarities and differences of haplology patterns between MSE and MSA. Accordingly, a comparison of haplology patterns between such two languages has been conducted. This phonological phenomenon results in the fact that differences are more than similarities of such patterns between both languages. Additionally, it appears that all eliminated syllables in MSE consist of onset and centre without coda and that they occur only in a medial position. As far as MSA is concerned, all elided syllables consist of onset and centre except the syllables [Ɂit] and [zil] which consist of onset, centre and coda, and the syllables [un],[an] and [in] which consist of a centre and coda without onset. Some of such syllables can occur initially, others medially and that most of them occur finally. Such results lead to the conclusions that haplology patterns are mentioned to make pronunciation easy and that elision of some syllables in certain contexts investigates musical rhythm. . Keywords: haplology, syllable, elimination, contrastive analysis. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ Introduction The purpose of this study is to investigate the similarities and differences between MSE and MSA haplology patterns. This is necessary and beneficial for those interested in dealing with the phonological aspects especially the elision of a whole syllable in both languages. Haplology is a phonological process whereby a whole syllable is elided when two similar syllables occur successively. It is originally related to Greek and identified by the American philologist Maurice Bloomfield in the 20th century (Webster, 2008). According to Trubetskoy (1969, p. 305), haplology is responsible of naming the nation which is regarded as the cradle of English, namely “England” whose original form is “Engla” and “land” where one of the repeated syllables (la)/lə/is eliminated. Campbell (2004) points out that haplology is the phenomenon where the repeated sequence of sounds is rendered to a single occurrence. Consider the following example in which the syllable /li/ is elided because it is followed by the same one as in “humblely” /hʌmblili/ which becomes “humbly” /hʌmbli/. In the same respect, Trask (1996, p. 68) indicates that when the final syllable of a word is similar to the initial syllable of the following word, one of them is omitted as illustrated in Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 20 No. 1 – April 2020 ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) 2 the following example in which the syllable (ar) /a:/ is omitted: sagar ardo  sagardo. Similarly, Bussmann (2006, p. 500) affirms that haplology is considered a special type of dissimilation where one of two identical neighboring syllables is eliminated as shown in the following example in which the syllable (ta) /tə/ is elided, e.g. preventative /priventətiv/  preventive/ priventiv/. Crystal (2008, p. 224) states that haplology refers to the omission of successive sounds when pronounced at the same place of articulation. Consider the following instance where the two final neighboring consonants/t/and/s/are elided since both of them are alveolar, i.e., they are pronounced when the tip of the tongue touches or is near the alveolar ridge: cyclists /saiklists/  /saiklis/. In the same sense, some psycholinguists assert that the term haplology is mentioned to indicate a tongue slip as in: running jump /rʌniη ʤʌmp/  rump /rʌmp/. Some adverbs ending with (ly)/li/are preceded by the same syllable(le)/li/. In this respect, Trubetskoy (1969, p. 305) points out that the syllable (le)/li/is eliminated as in: gentlely /ʤentlili/  gently /ʤentli/and ablely /eiblili/  ably /eibli/. The examples below show elision of certain syllables: a. mono nominal  monominal (the syllable (no) /nəu/ is elided), b. urine /juərin/ analysis /ənᴂləsis/  urinalysis / juərinᴂləsis/ (/ən/ is elided), c. library /laibreri/  libry /laibri/ (the syllable /re/ is elided). d. February /februri/  Febry /febri/ (the syllable /ru/ is elided). e. particularly /pətikjuləli/  /pətikjuli/ (the syllable /lə/ is elided). f. probably /probəbli/  /probli/ (the syllable /bə/ is elided). g. representative /reprizentətiv/  representive /reprizentiv/ (/tə/ is elided). h. authoritative /o:ϴorətətiv/  authoritive /o:ϴorətiv/ (the syllable /tə/ is elided) (Hornby, 1978). Consonants can be elided where a word ends with consonant sounds similar to the initial sounds of the following word. In this case, one or two of the final consonants of the first word are elided as illustrated in the following instances: a. just stay away /ʤʌst stei əwei/  /ʤʌstei əwei/ (/s/ and /t/ are elided), b. safe from /seif frəm/  /seifrəm/ (/f/ is elided), c. from me /frəm mi/  /frəmi/ (/m/ is elided), d. newspaper route /nju:speipər ru:t/  /nju:speipəru:t/ (/r/ is elided), e. part taking /pa:t teikiη/  /pa:teikiη/, (/t/ is elided), f. last time /la:st taim/  /la:staim/ (/t/ is elided), and g. what to do /wot tə du:/  /wotədu:/ (Jespersen, 1965, pp. 229–231). Some examples are stated to show that haplology is mentioned to refer to the reduction of two consonants different only by voice (haplology with voice assimilation) as in: a. cupboard /kʌbəd/ (/p/ is assimilated to /b/). b. sit down /sidaun/ (/t/ is assimilated to /d/). c. black guard /blᴂga:d/ (/k/ is assimilated to /g/) (ibid). As far as syllable elision in derivative words is concerned, Raffelsiefen (1996) affirms that similar onsets in neighboring syllables are not permissible in derivative words as illustrated in the following instances: a. femininize /feməninaiz/  feminize /femənaiz/, b. minimimize /minimimaiz/  minimize /minimaiz/, c. metathesisize /metəϴisisaiz/  metathesize /metəϴisaiz/, and d. emphasisize /imfəsisaiz/  emphasize /imfəsaiz/. In these examples, the medial syllables such as /ni/, /mi/ and /si/ are elided because they are adjacent to syllables beginning with Journal of Language and Literature ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) Abd Ali Nayif Hasan 3 the same onsets such as /n/, /m/ and /s/ respectively. There is a relationship between Stress, which is defined as the force by which the syllable is uttered, and syllable elision. The word ''probably'' /probəbli/, for instance, is stressed on the first syllable. It is stated that the stressed syllable is more important and interesting than the unstressed syllables especially in understanding and producing words. In rapid speech, speakers are inclined to reduce the contrast in the vowels in the understood syllables. The production of a stressed syllable requires more muscular energy than that of the unstressed one. If a word such as ''probably'' is pronounced slowly and carefully, it'll take a form like ''pro–bab– lee''. But if it is pronounced faster, the medial unstressed vowel seems to be less distinct. Accordingly, the syllable /bə/ is elided and the word is pronounced as ''probly''/probli/ (The week.com/articles44 8898/why-say-probly and libry instead of probably and library). There is a relation between the internal structure of a word and syllable elision. In this case, morphological haplology is known as a common process of inflection in which an affix is elided when the adjacent part of the stem is homophonous to it (Stemberger, 1981, p. 791). According to Katamba (2006, p. 57–58), haplology refers to the elimination of one of the similar elements. As far as morphological haplology is concerned, such elements form identical morphs that belong to identifiable morphemes as illustrated in the following examples: a. Cats (''s'' plural is attached to the noun). b. The cat's ears (possessive ''s'' is attached to a singular noun). c. The cats' ears (plural and possessive ''s'' co–occurring). d. The oxen's ears (irregular plural combined with possessive ''s''). Such examples show that when two similar morphs such as plural and possessive are attached to the noun, they involve the merger of the phonological content of the two morphs. This results in ambiguity as in example (c) above. It should be noted that the ambiguity does not occur in an irregular plural as in (d) above since its phonological form is different from the possessive one. In this sense, Stemberger (1981, p. 791) states that morphological haplology is considered as a dissimilated process that interacts with the morphological structure. Haplology is referred to as the elimination of similar phonetic or phonological forms in complex words. According to Booij (1983, p. 257), haplology can occur in any language whose morphological structure permits creating identical phonological sequences. Thus, it can be concluded that morphological haplology is considered to be universal in some sense with language specification in another sense. Crystal (2008, p. 150) agrees with Bussmann (2006, p. 228) that dissimilation is a phonological process where one sound segment affects the articulation of a neighboring one so that they can become less alike or different. For instance, the sound /r/ in the Latin word ''peregrinus'' is dissimilated to /l/ to become ''pilgrim'' in English with some modifications such as: 1. The first (e) changes into (i), 2. The second (e) is elided and 3. The final letters (nus) change into (m). Hudson (2000, p. 415) indicates that dissimilation is uncommon but it sometimes occurs in child speech as in the pronunciation of ''chimney'' /ʧimni/ where /n/ changes into /l/ to become ''chimley'' because both /m/ and /n/ are nasal, i. e. they are pronounced when the soft palate is lowered and the air passes through the nasal cavity. Another example is that the first /l/ in ''colonel'' /kolənel/ is replaced by /r/. This type of dissimilation occurs between non–neighboring sounds. A special case of dissimilation is haplology where the second of two similar syllables is elided. This can be illustrated in the following instances where the syllable /si/ is elided: a. Worcester /wusistə/  /wustə/ b. Gloucester /glosistə/  / glostə / (Wells, 2000, p. 165). According to Angleo and Pyles (2005), a syllable is eliminated when followed by an identical syllable. They state examples where Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 20 No. 1 – April 2020 ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) 4 one of /r/ sounds is omitted as illustrated below: Cate(r)pillar, cante(r)bury, rese(r)voir, terrest(r)ial. Denham and Lobeck (2010) point out that the suffix–''al'' is attached to nouns to form adjectives such as ''person'', ''personal''. When the noun ends with ''l'', the suffix–''al'' changes into - ''ar'' as a result of dissimilation as in: module modular. In this case, Sihler (2000) points out that such a phonological change results in a decrease of similarity between adjacent segments. Haplology in Modern Standard Arabic Haplology is a phonological phenomenon whereby a heavy pronunciation of a word is reduced by means of eliminating a syllable so that such a word can be easily pronounced. Such an elimination can be initial, medial and final. In addition, sometimes a whole word is elided and what remains is only an affix. Initial Elision Initial elision refers to the elision of a syllable at the beginning of a word as illustrated in the following examples: [tata?ammalu]  [ta?ammalu]. She hopes... . [tataṣaaraҁu]  [taṣaaraҁu]. She quarrels... . In such examples, the initial syllable [ta] is elided since it is followed by the same syllable in the same word (Al–Hamlaawi, 1988, p. 60). The initial syllable [fa] in the word [fallaahu] is elided as in: [waman yafҁalu ᶍayran Ɂallaahu yanṣuruhu]. One who does a good work, God will assit him. It is worth noting that the word [Ɂallaahu] is originally [fallaahu] where the prefix [fa] is elided (Ibn Jinni, 1376H. p. 188). As regards with a regular elision, an initial syllable beginning with a glottal stop such as [Ɂit] is elided as in: [Ɂittaᶍaðtu] [taᶍaðtu] (Al– Andulusi, 2002, p. 157). This can be illustrated in the following saying: [taᶍiðtu qawla llaahi daliilan]. I have taken the God's saying a guide. In this example, the initial word [taᶍiðtu] is originally [Ɂittaᶍaðtu] where the initial syllable [Ɂit] is omitted. In addition, the vowel sound [a] after [ᶍ] changes into [i]. In the same respect, Sibawayhi (1982, p. 439) points out that some Arabs elide the initial syllable [Ɂit] in their saying as in: [taqaa llaaha rajulun faҁala ᶍayran]. A man who has done a good work will believe in God piously. Thus, the initial word [taqaa] is originally [Ɂittaqaa]. Medial Elision Medial elision indicates that a syllable in the middle of a word is elided as illustrated in the following examples: a. [masistu][mastu]. I have touched... . [ḥasistu][ḥastu] I have sensed. (Ibn Aqeel, n.d, p. 246). Such examples show that the medial syllable [si] is elided. b. [maaɁanta lmarɁu lturḍaa wilaayatuhu]. You are not the man whose government is satisfied. In this example, the word [Ɂlturḍaa] is originally [Ɂllaði turḍaa] where the medial syllables [la] and [ði] are elided. According to Al–Sawwar (n.d., p. 366), such an example shows a dialectal phenomenon of standard Arabic which is not taken into consideration by the old Arab linguists. Such a process is common among the Arab tribes because they are inclined to lessen the muscular effort in the production of the words they pronounce. c. [qaala taʕaalaa: waqad ᶍaaba man dassaahaa]. Allaahu says: And he will indeed fail who corupts it (Shakir, 2005, p. 694). The word [dassaahaa], in this instance, is originally [dasasahaa] in which the first [s] is geminated, the second short vowel [a] is lengthened to become [aa] and the third syllable [sa] is elided. As far as regular elision is concerned, the word [yastaṭiiҁu], he can ... , is subjected to two types of elision one of which is the elision of the medial syllable [ta] so that such a word is pronounced [yasṭiiҁu]. The other elided sounds in this word are the short vowel [a] of the second syllable [ta] and the consonant [ṭ] of the third syllable [ṭii]. Thus, Journal of Language and Literature ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) Abd Ali Nayif Hasan 5 this word is pronounced [yastiiҁu] (Sibawayhi, 1982, pp. 482 - 3). d. The medial syllable [na] is elided from verbs when the nominative [n] and emphasis [n] come together as in: [ tukaððibuunani] [ tukaððibuuni] you don't believe me. It is noteworthy that the [n] in the elided syllable expresses the nominative case. The elision of such a syllable makes it easy to pronounce the word (Al–Jundi, 1965; Al–Andulusi, 2002, p. 369). e. The medial syllable [nu] in the phrase [banu lҁanbar] and other similar words is eliminated so that such a phrase will become a single word pronounced as [balҁanbar]. This type of elision is mentioned to make the Arabs fast in their speech (Al–Zamakhshari, n.d., p. 155). f. The medial syllable [na] in the phrase [mina lɁasri] from prison, is elided. As a result, the phrase becomes a single word such as [milɁasri] (Al–Azhari,1325H., p. 29). In the same respect, the medial syllable [la] in the phrase [ҁala lmaaɁi] at water, is elided. Accordingly, such a phrase becomes a single word pronounced as [ҁalmaaɁi] (ibid). g. Sibawayhi (1982, p. 349) points out that the medial syllable [yuu] in the word [madyuun] in debt, is eliminated so that such a word will become [madiin] since Arabs find the pronunciation of [ii] easier than that of [uu]. Final Elision Final elision refers to the elimination of a syllable at the end of a word. Arabic language is considered one of the languages where the elision of a final syllable makes the preceding vowel long as illustrated in the following instances: a. The final syllable [ya] in the word [hiya] she is, is eliminated as in: [Ɂið hiya] which becomes [Ɂið hii] (Sibawayhi, 1982, p. 9). It can be noted that, in this example, the short vowl [i] changes into long [ii]. b. The final syllable [zil] in the word [Ɂlmanaazil] houses, is eliminated as in: [darasa lmanaazil] which becomes [darasa lmanaa] (Ibn Yaeesh, 1928, p. 405; Al– Esterabaathi, n.d., p. 498). c. The final syllable [na] in the word [kallaðiina] is omitted. Thus, the word becomes [kallaðii] as in: [qaala taҁaalaa: waᶍuḍtum kallaðii ᶍaaḍu] Allaahu says ... and you entered into vain discourses like the vain discourses in which entered those before you... (Shakir, 2005, p. 246). d. The final syllable [mu] in the word [yaɁtamimu] is elided so that the word will become [yaɁtami] as in: [waɁammaa biɁaҁmaali lmuᶍliṣiina fayaɁtami] (Ibn Mandhoor, n.d., p. 297). e. The final syllable [taa] in the word [mataa] when, is eliminated. Accordingly, the word becomes [ma] as in: [Ɂilaa mataa]? To what time?, which becomes [Ɂilaama]. It is affirmed that this type of elision occurs in poetry so that it can investigate the musical rhythm of the word (ibid). f. The final syllable [ni] in the word [yadaani] two hands, is eliminated. Thus, such a word becomes [yadaa] as in: [qaala taҁaalaa: tabbat yadaa Ɂbi lahab watab] Allaahu says: Perdition overtake both hands of Abu Lahab, and he will perish (Shakir, 2005, p. 705). g. The final syllable [ka] in the word [qalaaka] is omitted. Thus, such a word becomes [qalaa] as in: [qaala taҁaalaa: maa waddaҁaka rabbuka wamaa qalaa]Allaahu says: Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor has He become displeased (Shakir, 2005, p. 696). The reason behind such a type of elimination is to investigate the beautiful rhythm and to attract the attention of readers and listeners (vb.arabsgate.com/ show thread php?t=542777). h. When the speaker stops at the end of a word, he elides the short vowels such as [u], [a] or [i] in addition to the sound [n] which represents [tanwiin] as in: 1. [haaðaa zaydun][haaðaa zayd] ‘This is Zaid’. 2. [saaʕadtu zaydan][saaʕadtu zayd] ‘I helped Zaid’. 3. [marartu bizaydin][marartu bizayd] ‘I passed Zaid’. Such a type of omission is mentioned to make the pronunciation easy (Anees, 1994, p. 135). Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 20 No. 1 – April 2020 ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) 6 Table 1. Transliteration Symbols for (MSA) Vowels and Some Consonants Arabic alphabet Symbol Example Meaning Ɂ Ɂamal hope أ ʕ ʕilm science ع Ð ðahab gold ذ Q qalam pencil ق J jamal camel ج ḥ ḥub love ح ᶍ ᶍubz bread خ ṭ ṭiin mud ط ṣ ayf summer ص ḍ ḍayf guest ض ʃ ʃams sun ش Y yad hand ي W ward rose و U kutub books الضمة Uu fuul beans ضمة طويلة A kataba he wrote الفتحة Aa kaatib writer مد طويل I sin tooth الكسرة ii fiil elephant كسرة طويلة Diphthongs ay aw bayt mawt house death Methodology The present study is mainly concerned with phonology as it is related to analyzing and contrasting the syllables elided in both (MSE) and (MSA). This linguistic phenomenon can be investigated by surveying the literature of both languages so that data can be collected. The researcher has adopted English and Arabic reliable references as well as online ones to find out haplology patterns (elided syllables) in (MSE) and (MSA). In addition, English phonemic transcription of the examples stated in this paper has been taken from “Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”. (MSA) transliteration depends on a list of vowels and some consonants. Contrasting the elided syllables in (MSE) and (MSA) shows that there are six similar syllables elided in both languages. Additionally, some syllables are elided in (MSE) without counterparts in (MSA) and vice versa. Results and Discussion This section is concerned with contrasting the syllables elided in both (MSE) and (MSA) so that similarities and differences between (MSE) and (MSA) elided syllables can be conducted. There are six syllables elided in both (MSE) and (MSA). They are stated and discussed in the following points: 1. The syllable /tə/ The syllable /tə/ consists of the onset /t/ and the centre /ə/. In (MSE), such a syllable occurs only medially as in: representative /reprizentətiv/ representive /reprizentiv/. In (MSA), the syllable [ta] occurs initially, medially and finally as in: a. [tataɁammalu] [taɁammalu] She hopes ... (initial elision) b. [yastaṭiiҁu] [yasṭiiҁu] He can ... (medial elision) c. [Ɂilaa mataa]? [Ɂilaama]? To what time? (final elision) 2. The syllable /lə/ In both (MSE) and (MSA), the syllable /lə/ occurs in medial positions as in: a. English: particularly / pətikjuləli/ /pətikjuli/. b. Arabic: [ҁala lmaaɁ] [ҁalmaaɁ] At water. 3. The syllable /nə/ In (MSE), the syllable /nə/ occurs medially as in: a. urine analysis /juərin ənᴂləsis/ urinalysis /juərinᴂləsis/. In (MSA), the syllable [na] occurs medially and finally as in: b. [tukaððibuunani] [tukaððibuuni]You don't believe me. (medial elision) c. [kallaðiina] [kallaðii] (final elision). 4. The syllable /si/ The syllable /si/ occurs medially in both (MSE) and (MSA) as in: a. English: Worcester /wusistə/ /wustə/. b. Arabic: [masistu] [mastu] I have touched 5. The syllable /ni/ In (MSE), the syllable /ni/ occurs medially as in femininize /femininaiz/  feminize Journal of Language and Literature ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) Abd Ali Nayif Hasan 7 /feminaiz/. In (MSA), such a syllable occurs finally as in [yadaani]  [yadaa] ‘two hands’. 6. The syllables /nəu/ and [nu] occur medially in both (MSE) and (MSA) respectively as follows: English: mono nominal /monəu nominl/  /monominl/. Arabic: [banu lҁanbar] [balҁanbar]. It is worth noting that the syllables elided in all the examples stated above in both (MSE) and (MSA) have no coda and that their centres are realized by short vowels except the syllable [taa] in (MSA) whose centre is a long vowel. In (MSE), certain syllables are elided with no counterparts in (MSA) as illustrated in the following examples: 1. The syllable /li/ The syllable /li/ is represented by the two letters (l) and (e) which is medially elided as in: humblely /hʌmblili/  humbly /hʌmbli/. 2. The syllable /mi/ The syllable /mi/ is medially elided as in: minimimise /minimimaiz/  minimise /minimaiz/. 3. The syllable /bə/ The syllable /bə/ is medially elided as in: probably /probəbli/ probly /probli/. 4. The syllable /re/ The syllable /re/ occurs in the middle of the word ''library'' from which it is elided as in: library /laibreri/ libry /laibri/. 5. The syllable /ru/ The syllable /ru/ occurs in the middle of the word ''February'' from which it is elided as in: February /februri/ Febry /febri/. 6. The syllable /a:r/ The syllable /a:r/ is realized by the two letters (a) and (r) in the final position of the word ''sagar'' /saga:r/. This syllable is elided as follows: sagar ardo /saga:r a:d∂u/  sagardo /saga:d∂u/ In (MSE), some consonants are elided because they are adjacent to identical ones as illustrated in the following instances: 1. /st/ as in: just stay /ʤʌst stei/  /ʤʌstei/ 2. /f/ as in: safe from /seif frəm/  /seifrəm/ 3. /m/ as in: from me /frəm mi/  /frəmi/ 4. /r/ as in: newspaper route /nju:speipə(r) ru:t/  /nju:speipəru:t/ In certain English words, two adjacent consonants are different in voice in that the first one is voiceless whereas the second is voiced. Accordingly, the first voiceless consonant is not pronounced, i. e. it is elided or assimilated in the second voiced consonant as in: /pb/ /b/ as in: cupboard /kʌbəd/, Hepburn /hebən/. /td/ /d/ as in: sit down /sit daun/, /sidaun/. /kg/ /g/ as in: black guard /blᴂk ga:d/ / blᴂga:d/. Such examples are known as voice assimilation. In (MSA), certain syllables are elided with no counterparts in (MSE) as in: 1. The syllable [Ɂit] The syllable [Ɂit] comprises the onset [Ɂ], the centre [i] and the coda [t]. Such a syllable occurs in the initial position of the (MSA) words. It is elided as in: [Ɂittaᶍaðu] [taᶍaðu]. 2. The syllable [fa] The syllable [fa] occurs in the initial position of some words such as [Ɂallaahu] from which it is elided as in: [fallaahu] [Ɂallaahu]. 3. The syllable [sa] The syllable [sa] occurs in the medial position of certain Arabic words where it is eliminated as in: [dassasahaa] [dassaahaa]. Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 20 No. 1 – April 2020 ISSN: 1410-5691 (print); 2580-5878 (online) 8 4. The syllables [la] and [ði] The syllables [la] and [ði] occur at the end of the word [Ɂallaði] which can be elided in the following example: [Ɂallaði turḍaa] [Ɂalturḍaa]. 5. The syllable [zil] The syllable [zil] occurs at the final position of the word [Ɂalmanaazil] houses, which can be elided as in: [Ɂalmanaazil] [Ɂalmanaa]. 6. The syllable [mu] The syllable [mu] is eliminated at the final position of certain Arabic words such as: [yaɁtamimu] [yaɁtami]. 7. The syllable [yuu] The syllable [juu] occurs in the medial position of some Arabic words from which it is elided as in: [madyuun] [madiin]. 8. The syllable [ya] The syllable [ya] occurs at the end of certain Arabic words from which it is elided as in: [hiya] [hi:]. 9. The syllable [ka] The syllable [ka] occurs at the end of certain words from which it is elided as in: [qalaaka] [qalaa]. 10. The syllables [un], [in] and an] The syllables [un], [in] and [an] occur at the end of proper nouns from which they are elided when we stop at them. Consider the following examples: [zaydun], [zaydin] and [zaydan] [ zayd]. Conclusion The contrastive analysis of haplology patterns in (MSE) and (MSA) leads to the fact that differences are more than similarities between such patterns. Also, it is concluded that all the elided syllables in (MSE) consist of onset and centre without coda and that they occur only medially. They are about eleven syllables six of which are similar to those occur in (MSA). All the elided syllables in (MSA) have no coda except the syllable [Ɂit] which consists of onset, centre and coda, and the syllables [un], [an] and [in] which consist of a centre and coda without onset. Some of (MSA) elided syllables occur initially and medially but most of them occur finally. Haplology, as a linguistic phenomenon, is common among human languages especially (MSE) and (MSA) because people, in general, are always inclined to make their speech brief so that it can be easily pronounced and understood. Patterns of haplology are obviously represented in poetry where the rhyme of the poem urges the poet to eliminate a whole syllable or certain sounds so that the poem can be recited with a beautiful musical rhythm. 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