PHENOMENA I Dewa Putu Wijana 8 The Use of English in Indonesian Adolescent’s Slang I Dewa Putu Wijana Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University Abstract This paper aims at describing the use of English in Indonesian Adolescent’s slang broadly known as bahasa gaul, the colloquial variation that symbolizes intimate relationships among the youngsters. By using data extracted from three slang dictionaries, the investigation finds that most English expressions of various linguistic levels (word, phrase, and sentence) are formally and, or semantically changed to attain various communicative functions. Key words: slang, expression, and adolescent Introduction It cannot be denied that nowadays English is used by people from all over the world. This language constitutes an international language used by the speakers to meet the need of various communicative functions. Accordingly, its influence on other languages will be very significant in all domains of usage. With regard to Bahasa Indonesia, English approximately contributes not less than 57% of the total borrowings. Others come from Arabic (18%), Javanese (18%), Dutch (2.5%), and Jakarta Dialect (1.2%) (Wijana, 2009: 203). Generally, the discussions of English influence on Bahasa Indonesia are so far mostly concerns with its usage in formal and more prestigious occasions, such as what has been done by Hassal (2010) concerning the basic principles that underlie the use of foreign words (including English) by the educated Indonesians and Budiman (2010) in connection with the use of them as a a means of code switchings by the characters of three contemporary Indonesian novels. On the contrary, its influence in casual interactions might be considered not or less important by the experts who are interested in studying English borrowings in Bahasa Indonesia. Accordingly in this brief article, I want to investigate the existence of English expressions in colloquial Indonesians broadly known as Bahasa Gaul (friendship Language), language used among Indonesian youngster for symbolizing their intimacy. Even now, only a few Indonesian Scholars pay attention to this issue. Two of them are Wijana (2009) and Yuwono (2010). Wijana states that there are several interesting problems with regard to the use of English in Indonesian slang words, and one of them is translational failures. Meanwhile, Yuwono who focuses his attention on swearing expressions says that the use of English is motivated by economical and stylistic purposes. Even though slang can only be found in casual speech, this colloquial variation is rich of linguistic phenomena that cannot be ignored in linguistic description. In addition, from pragmatic perspective, the use of slangy expressions is exploited by the teenagers to convey various communicative functions, such as informing, directing, joking, swearing, teasing, keeping something secret, etc. Thus, the use of slang conceals a lot of information on Indonesian teenagers’ behaviors. As far as the use of English is concerned, there are at least three important issues to discuss related to Indonesian slang. Those are form and formation, linguistic process, and meaning that will become the focus of my study. The term “formation” Vol. 14 No. 1 – April 2014 9 includes morphological and syntactical processes. Meanwhile “linguistic process” covers all phonological modification, such as sound change, phonological and syllabic transposition, sound deletion, sound addition, etc. Most data used in this paper come from three Indonesian slang dictionaries compiled by Livia (2007), Sahertian (2008), dan Mastuti ( 2008) and other sources. Firstly, all slangy expressions borrowed from English are extracted from the dictionaries, and further they are classified and analyzed according to those three issues. Finally, those data, together with their Indonesian meanings, are presented as supplement in alphabetical order (see data supplement). Form and Formation There are hundreds of English expressions that enrich Indonesian slang vocabulary, and many of them are English words which have been phonetically and ortographically maintained, adapted, and slightly or markedly changed, as shown by (1) to (6). Several words have been treated as Indonesian words by the speakers (1) and (2). The slangy expressions are commonly used to refer to different meaning (1), (2), and (3), and some of them only use for giving beauty (4), (5), and (6). (1) Abstrak ‘wajah tidak berbentuk, jelek, tidak cakep, aneh’ (ugly) (2) Sarden ‘‘istri tua’ ‘ first wife’ (3) MARS ‘mahasiswa alim rajin sembahyang’ (a good and delligent praying student) (4) Master ‘pakar’ (expert) (5) So sweet ‘sangat manis’ (very sweet) (6) So wot ‘memang kenapa’ (so what) In the first three examples the word abstrak (originally abstract), sarden (originally sardencis), and mars which conventionally mean ‘abstract’, ‘tinned sardin’, and ‘name of planet’ are changed to refer to facial state, first or old wife that often betrayed by the husband, and idealized student. Meanwhile, there is no semantic alteration applied to master, so sweet, and so wot except a marked ortographical modification occurs in the last example (what > wot). Formally the slang expressions borrowed from English may take three forms, i.e word, phrase, and sentence. These three types of slang will be analyzed below. Word English words exploited as slang in Bahasa Indonesia may be base forms as well as complex ones. Base forms are expressions that have not been undergoing morphological prosecesses. They only consist of a single free morpheme, such as (7) to (11) below: (7) Affair ‘hubungan gelap, selingkuh’ (deviate) (8) Ay ‘aku, saya’ (I) (9) Error ‘kesalahan’ (mistake) (10) Chicken ‘pengecut’ (coward) (11) Kiyut ‘keren, (cute) In contrast, the complex forms consist of two or more morphemes as a result of various morphological processes, such as affixation (12), (13), (14), and (15), internal modification (16) and (17), reduplication (18), (19), and (20), compounding (21), (22), and (23) , and contraction (24) and (25). (12) Cookies ‘kumpulan laki-laki’ (a group of men) (13) Hunting ‘cari-cari sambil menjelajah’ (looking for and exploring) (14) Joger ‘melucu’ (joking) (15) Emphazise ‘ditekan, dipaksa’ (to be forced) (16) Hang ‘bego, bodoh’ (stupid) (17) Bondon ‘jangan dibatasi’ ({bound} don’t > do not {bind}, do not limit)’ (18) Blink-blink ‘perhiasaan mengkilat yang dipakai para rapper’ (sparkling rappers’ accessories) (19) Hello mellow (stupid fellow) ‘halo’ (hallo) (20) Walking-walking ‘jalan-jalan’ (take a walk) (21) Down load ‘boker, doyan’ (like very much) (22) Crocodille tears ‘air mata buaya’ (scoundrel tears) I Dewa Putu Wijana 10 (23) Down load ‘boker, doyan’ (like very much) (24) HIV ‘hasrat ingin vivis’ (urinating need) (25) Akuisisi ‘akuilah ini sia-sia’ (Confess that it is useless) In affixation process, the bound morpheme might be taken from Bahasa Indonesia or its dialect. In (26) Nyemok ‘merokok’ (smoking) for example, ny- is one of the {N-} allomorphs in Jakarta dialect. The base form smoke is English borrowing modified from smoke. Reduplication process is totally a characteristic of Bahasa Indonesia because this kind of word formation process does not exist in English. In Indonesian slang, the reduplication form can be a total reduplication or one with sound change. The other examples are (27) and (28). A lot of English compounds are created from word to word or literal translational process which is strongly avoided in translation activities, such as (29), (30), and (31). Finally, contraction process is deliberately created by creating abbreviations and acronyms which have similarities to English words. For other exampels see (32), (33), 34) below: (26) Nyemok ‘merokok’ (smoking) (27) Walking-walking ‘jalan-jalan’ (take a walk) (28) Hello mellow stupid fellow ‘halo’ (hallo) (29) Fruit kid ‘anak buah’ (subordinate) (30) Blue blood ‘darah biru, bangsawan, ningrat’ (nobleman) (31) Enter wind ‘masuk angin’ (air sickness) (32) AIDS ‘anak istimewa dengan sejuta pesona’ (a special person with a million of wonder) (33) BMW ‘body mengalahkan wajah’ (a nice body person with ugly face) (34) Coffee drink ‘komplek sepi bikin merinding’ (quite and spooky house complex) Phrase Phrase is any linguistic unit which consists of two or more words that does not have a characteristic of clause. All elements that form the slangy phrases are commonly English (35) to (41). However, some times the phrases are also possibly created by taking Indonesian colloquial words, such as maksud ‘meaning’(42), and Sudir(man) ‘personal name’ (43). (35) Different river ‘lain kali’ (other time) (36) Homer boy ‘cowok rumahan yang jarang keluyuran’ (boys that rarely go outside home) (37) Meteor garden: ‘title of Taiwan film‘(Mi telor ganjen) ‘flirtatious egg noodles’ (38) Not a play ‘bukan main-main’ (unserious) (39) One Pack ‘perut buncit’ ( big stomach) (40) So sweet ‘sangat manis’ (very sweet) (41) Car kid ‘anak suka mobil tapi tidak tahu mobil’ (guys who like cars but do not know much about them) (42) Meaning of the maksud ‘sesuatu yang perlu dijelaskan’ (something important to explain) (43) Sudirboy ‘lelaki yang kuliah di Sudirman’ (a man who studies in Sudirman campus) The meanings of the phrases might be the true or close translation (40) and (43), literal translation (35) and (38), creative translation (36), (41), and (42), metaphorical correspodent (39), and phonological correspondent of the pure or mixed English phrases (37). Sentence Indonesian slang sentences are generally constructed by simple sentences or shorts complex sentences. The simple sentences consist of single clause (43), (44), (45), and (47). Meanwhile, to yield short expressions, the complex sentences should have undergone ellipsis, such as subject deletion that occurs in (46). Like slangy phrases, the sentence may consist of an Indonesian or a regional language element, such as a slight orthographical modification of Javanese “donk” ‘understand’ in (43). The Indonesian influence can also be badly translated Indonesian sentence into English, such as (44). Vol. 14 No. 1 – April 2014 11 (43) I don’t donk ‘saya tidak mengerti’ don’t understand) (44) Don’t follow mix ‘jangan ikut campur’ (do not interfere) The English sentences are also often phonologically or ortographically deviated, such as (45) and (46) below. (45) Ilopu ‘Aku cinta padamu’ (I love you) (46) Slow but suwe ‘pelan tapi yakin’ (slow but sure) (47) Wats ap ‘Ada apa sih?’ (what happen) <> Whats up! Meanwhile, in (48) the relation between the form and its intention sometime is merely based on the phonological similarities: (48) Go back to the door ‘gobak sodor’ (name of traditional Javanese game) Pragmatically the use of slang sentences is exploited to carry out various communicative functions, such as directing, informing, expressing emotional state etc. In (43) the speaker might want to get clarification or explanation about what the interlocutor has said. In (44) the speaker possibly wants the interlocutor not to interfere his/her personal business. In (45) the speaker expresses his/her passion, and in (46) the speaker may seek information about what has happened to the person (s)he speaks to. Linguistic Process Phonological differences between English and Bahasa Indonesia cause a lot of difficulties for the Indonesian speakers in pronouncing English words. As a result, a number of English sounds are changed or replaced with other sounds that exist in Bahasa Indonesia. For example, the sound [sy] orthographically represented by sh is replaced by [s]. English diphtongs [ou] and [ea] are substituted by monophtongs [o] and [e]. See (47) to (49) below: (47) Siyok ‘Shock, terkejut setengah mati’ (schoked) (48) Bondon ‘jangan dibatasi’ (bound don’t > do not bind, do not limit)’ (49) Suwer takewer-kewer ‘sumpah tidak bohong’ (swear!) In contrast, to achieve stylistic goals, some sounds and letters that exist in Bahasa Indonesia are changed by English sounds or letters in English speling system, such as the substitution of [d] and [k] with [sh] and [ck] in (50) and (51) below: (50) Oh, my gosh ‘Oh, my god’ (51) Backam ‘bebek kampung’ (village girl), bedes kampung (village boy)’ For yielding short expressions some English words undergoing syllabic deletions, such as (52), (53) and (54): (52) Borju ‘kaya, banyak uang’ (borjuis, rich) (53) Bro ‘kakak’ (brother) (54) Idi ‘idiot’ If Indonesian words become the target of modification, either deletion or addition, the results are English-like expressions, as shown in (55) and (56). (55) Hamilton ‘hamil’ (56) Ketty ‘ketiak’ (armpit) Phonological transposition which is broadly known as metathesis is also found in Indonesian slang. For examples the modification of pipis ‘urinate’ becomes pepsi ‘name of soft drink brand’ and I am sorry ‘pardon me’ becomes Amrosy ‘name of terrorist in the first Bali bombing’, doberman ‘dog species’ becomes debormen are three evidents of this phenomenon. (57) Pepsi ‘buang air kecil’ (urinate) (58) I am sorry, Amrosy (personal name) (58a) Debormen ‘demam ngebor mengap mengap’ (gasp for breath drilling fever) < Dobermen (species of dog’) Finally orthographical modification, for imitating either English or Indonesian, is considered dominant in slang creation. See the following examples. (59) Betmen ‘berak terus mencret’ (Batman) I Dewa Putu Wijana 12 (60) Kiyut ‘keren, (cute) (61) J-rock ‘jorok’ (dirty, untidy) (62) Ontohot ‘bego, nyalakan sampai panas’ (stupid, heat it untill hot). (63) Skul ‘sekolah’ (school) (64) So wot ‘memang kenapa’ (so what) Many English words in Indonesian slang are pronounced according to the Indonesian manners, in which there is no big difference between the spelling and their pronunciation. Therefore, popeye in (65) below is pronounced [popeye] instead of [phOp ai], and blink-blink in (18) above is pronounced [blIŋ-blIŋ] instead of [blIŋk-blIŋk]. (65) Popeye ‘lelaki berbadan kecil, tapi berotot’ (a small man, but muscular) English words in Indonesian slang vocabulary are never totally reversed or given insertion elements, such as the process applied to Indonesian or regional words (Wijana, 2010, 25-27). The imposibilities are probably caused by the relatively bigger differences of English spelling and pronunciation than that of exist in Bahasa Indonesia. Notice (67) to (70) below: (66) kewut < tuwek (old) (67) elub-elub < bule-bule (albinos) (68) (69) Cokin < C + -ok- + in < Cin(a) (Chinese) (69) (70)nyokap < ny + -ok- + ap < nyak ‘mother’ The creation of (67) to (70) is intended to hide the speakers’ intentions. The normal order variation Tuwek ‘old’ and nyak ‘mother’ are borrowed from Javanese and Jakarta diaclect respectively. Meanwhile, bule ‘albino’ and Cina are both Indonesian words. Meaning Some English expressions have the same meaning to their Indonesian equivalents. The use of English for these expressions are intended by the speakers for giving beauty or showing their English mastery. The English words in (71) to (75) below do not experience semantic alternation. (70) ay > ‘saya’ (I) (71) Error ‘kesalahan’ (mistake) (72) Go home ‘pulang ke rumah’ (back home) (73) Home alone ‘di rumah sendirian’ (title of children film played in christmas and new year) (74) Matching ‘pas, cocok’ (matched) Semantic changes do not occur in word to word translation slangs. See (75a), (75b), (75c) below: (75a) Blue blood ‘darah biru, bangsawan, ningrat’ (nobleman) (75b) Don’t talk as delicious as your belly button ‘jangan ngomong seenak udelmu’ (do not talk as you wish) (75c) Hot sick ‘sakit panas’ (fever) However, most of English borrowings in intimate interactions among the Indonesian youngsters are semantically deviated for gaining various communicative goals, such as joking, insulting, teasing, directing, etc. The deviation causes several semantic relations between the English words and their Indonesian counterparts. Those semantic relations are simply classified into metaphor, metonymy, homonymy, and cohyponymy. Metaphor Metaphor is the use of linguistic expressions to refer to other things based on certain similarities (Kridalaksana, 1993, 136). In language use, metaphor is exploited by the speakers to produce figurative meanings. In human life metaphor plays an important role, not just in language but in thought and action as well. The human conceptual system, in terms of which they both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature (Lakoff and Johnson, 2003, 3). English word big whose meaning denotes to physical concepts is enlarged for referring a nonphysical matter (76). Affair which formerly has neutral and broader meaning is violated and narrowed to refer to negative behavior in husband and wife relation (77). (76) Big man ‘orang yang paling berpengaruh’ (the most influential person) Vol. 14 No. 1 – April 2014 13 (77) Affair ‘hubungan gelap, selingkuh’ (deviate) Indonesian youngsters recently create a lot of new metaphorical slangs by using the taste of food referents as the basis of the similarities. See (78) to (79) below: (78) Brownis ‘lelaki ganteng, nama kue, brondong manis (acronym)’ (handsome male, brownies, sweet popcorn) (79) Cookies ‘kumpulan laki-laki’ (a group of men) (80) Popcorn ‘berondong yang ganteng dan tajir’ (a handsome and rich young person) (81) Barbeque ‘istri simpanan’ (mistress) The rapid advances of information, automotive and other technologies inspire the youngsters to create various metaphorical slangs, as shown in (82) to (87) below. (82) Down load ‘boker, doyan’ (like very much) (83) Pentium 1 ‘bodoh, lemah otak’ (stupid, slow thinking) (84) Hang ‘bego, bodoh’ (stupid) (85) Cewek linux ‘wanita berkepribadian rumit, sulit ditebak’ (woman with complicated personality) (86) Hunting ‘cari-cari sambil menjelajah’ (looking for and exploring) (87) Cadillac ‘heroin, kokain, narkoba’ (drugs) Metonymy Different from metaphor, the semantic relation in metonymy is not based on similarities, but on associations. ATM which means ‘Auto Teller Machine’ does not mean ‘money’, but it is only assosiatively related to such a thing and to sense of materialism. As a proper name, the word Einstein does not have any meaning. This word refers to a genius scientist, the founder of “relativity theory”. As such, this word can be associated to any clever person. The following (88) and (89) are the examples of metonymy exploitation in Indonesian slangs. (88) ATM woman ‘cewek matere’ (materialistic woman) (89) Enstein ‘very clever person’ The other examples are (90) and (91) below: (90) Popeye ‘lelaki berbadan kecil, tapi berotot’ (small muscular man) (91) Mis Ring-ring ‘woman who likes making phone calls’ (92) Strawberry ‘cewek yang pakaiannya serba merah’ (woman in completely red) Homonymy Two or more linguistic expressions possibly have the same form (phonetically or orthographically) but different meaning. The relation between or among them is called homonymy (Cf. Allan, 1986, 150). Complete homonyms have the same pronunciation and the same spelling. Partial homonyms only have similarity in one respect which can be further divided into two categories, i.e homophony and homography. The first relies the similarity on pronunciation while the latter on spelling. In slang vocabulary, the homonymic pairs are intentionally created by treating ordinary English words as abbreviations or acronyms. The following (93) (to) (98) show that English ordinary words, phrases, acronyms and abbreviations have their newly created meaning(s). (93) AC : Air condition angin cendela (window air) (94) AIDS: aquired immune deficiency syndrome anak istimewa dengan sejuta pesona (a special person with a million of wonder) (95) BOS: boss bekas orang susah (ex poor person) (96) Coffee drink: coffee komplek sepi bikin merinding’ (quite and spouky house complex) (97) Internet: International network indomi pake telor dan kornet (noodle with egg and corned beef) (98) Joker : person who is very skillful in making a joke jomblo keren (handsome single fellow) jorok keringatan (dirty and sweaty) jongos keren (handsome male servant) I Dewa Putu Wijana 14 For obtaining amazing impressions, the speakers create one of the meaning as if it easonably relates to the other meaning(s), such as (99) and (100) below: (99) Humor: humor hubungan menyenangkan orang (entertaining relation) (100) ATM: auto teller machine artos tina mesin’ (money come out of mechine) Meanwhile, for eliciting humorous effects, the Indonesian youngsters intentionally make the association of the homonymic pairs as if they are contradictory to each other, as clearly seen in (101) and (102). (101) elit : elit Ekonomi sulit (difficult economic condition) (101) pilot: pilot pikiran kolot (conservative thinking) (102) populer: popular pulang-pulang teler’ (drunken when got home) Cohyponymy Hyponymy is a relation that holds between generic and (more) specific concepts. In this relation words with generic concepts are called hypernym, while ones with (more) specific concepts are called hyponym. For instance, the meaning of bird covers robin, dove, sterling, etc. As such, bird is the hypernym of robin, dove, and sterling. Conversely, the last three bird species are the hyponym of their genus, bird. Meanwhile the relation among robin, dove, and sterling is called cohyponimy. The use of sea food in (103) below is an exploitation of cohyponimic relation because it is used to refer to ‘fried cat fish’ for gaining a more prestigious image. The genus of this cohyponimic pair is fish. (103) sea food ‘lele goreng’ (fried cat fish) It is also important to note that a lot of Indonesian slangs which come from English sources are merely based on phonological similarities such as in (48). The other examples are (104) to (106) below: (104) kolang-kaling dalam gelas: palm seeds in the glass ‘calling-calling nggak jelas’ (to call unclearly) (105) Sesuk tomorrow ‘see you tomorrow’ (106) Meteor Garden: Mi telor ganjen `flirtatious egg noodle’ (title of Taiwan film) Closing Notes The use of English elements in colloquial Indonesian is rich of linguistic phenomena. The linguistic processes occurring in informal situations are considerably much more various than those of in the standard variations. This fact suggests that the linguistic investigations which concern with English influences on Indonesian in the future time must not only focus on the standard Indonesian, but should also be directed toward its use in more casual varieties. Such kinds of investigation will give us more comprehensive understandings about how Indonesians of the lower social economic class use English expressions in their daily activities together with their views and attitudes toward English which nowadays functions as an international means of communication. This brief article is not more than a data collection display. Therefore, more serious studies concerning English contribution in casual Indonesian discourses are considered very urgent to carry out. Finally, I herewith sincerely allow any linguists or other researchers to use my data collection for studying theses issues more deeply. Vol. 14 No. 1 – April 2014 15 References Allan, Keith. Linguistic Meaning. Volume I. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986. Budiman, Maneke. “Bahasa asing dan Kosmopolitanisme dalam Fiksi Kontemporer Indonesia sebagai Strategi Redefinisi Keindonesiaan Pasca-Orde Baru” Geliat Bahasa Selaras zaman: Perubahan Bahasa-bahasa di Indonesia Pasca-Orde Baru. Mikihiro Moriyama & Manneke Budiman (Eds.). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2010. Hassal, Tim. “Fungsi dan Status Kata Pinjaman barat”. Geliat Bahasa Selaras zaman: Perubahan Bahasa-bahasa di Indonesia Pasca-Orde Baru. Mikihiro Moriyama & Manneke Budiman (Eds.). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2010. Kridalaksana, Harimurti. Kamus Linguistik, Edisi Ke-3, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1993. Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003. Lavia, Natalia. Kamus Istilah Gaul SMS. Jakarta: Gagas Media, 2007. Mastuti, Indari. Bahasa Baku Vs Bahasa Gaul, Jakarta: Hi-Fest, 2008. Sahertian, Debby. Kamus Gaul. Edisi Ke-3. Jakarta: Sinar harapan. 2008. Wijana, I Dewa Putu. “Inventarisasi Kosa kata Bahasa Daerah“. Panorama Pengkajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya. Dwi Purnanto, Kundharu Saddhono, Harun Joko Prayitno (Eds.). Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret. 2009. Wijana, I Dewa Putu. Bahasa Gaul Remaja Indonesia dan Berbagai Persoalannya. Pidato Dies Natalis ke-64 Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. 2010. Wijana, I Dewa Putu, Bahasa Gaul Remaja Indonesia. Malang: Aditya Media. 2010. Yuwono, Untung. “Ilfil Gue Sama Elu: Sebuah Tinjauan atas Ungkapan Serapah dalam Bahasa gaul Mutakhir”. Geliat Bahasa Selaras zaman: Perubahan Bahasa- bahasa di Indonesia Pasca-Orde Baru. Mikihiro Moriyama & Manneke Budiman (Eds.). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. 2010. Data Supplement Common Expression A Abstrak ‘wajah tidak berbentuk, jelek, tidak cakep, aneh’ (ugly) Affair ‘hubungan gelap, selingkuh’ (deviate) I am sorry, Amrosy (personal name) Aqua: ‘air kencing kuda’ (horse urine) ATM woman ‘cewek matere’ (materialistic woman) Ay ‘aku, saya’ (I) B Barbeque ‘istri simpanan’ (barbeque) Blink-blink ‘perhiasaan mengkilat yang dipakai para rapper’ (sparkling rappers’ accessories) Blue blood ‘darah biru, bangsawan, ningrat’ (nobleman) Bodyguard ‘teman yang mengikuti kemana- mana’ (loyal friend) Bondon ‘pelacur, PSK’ (prostitite) Borju ‘kaya, banyak uang’ (borjuis) Bro ‘kakak’ (brother) Brownis ‘lelaki ganteng, nama kue, brondong manis’ C Cadillac ‘heroin, kokain, narkoba’ (drugs) Capsa ‘poker’ Car Genic ‘wanita yang kelihatan cantik kalau di dalam mobil’ (a woman who looks beautiful when she is in a car) Car kid ‘anak suka mobil tapi tidak tahu mobil’ (guys who like cars but do not know much about them) Cewek linux ‘wanita berkepribadian rumit, sulit ditebak’ (complicated woman) I Dewa Putu Wijana 16 Cheese ‘ucapan saat dipotret supaya ketawa’ (yell to elicit laugh/smile in picture taking) Chiken ‘pengecut’ (coward) Cookies ‘kumpulan laki-laki’ (a group of men) Crocodille tears ‘air mata buaya’ (scoundrel tears) Crunchy ‘melucu tapi tidak lucu’ (unfunny joking) D Different river ‘lain kali’ (other time) Don’t follow mix ‘jangan ikut campur’ (do not interfere) Don’t talk as delicious as your belly button ‘jangan ngomong seenak udelmu’ (do not talk as you wish) Down load ‘boker, doyan’ (like very much) E Emphazise ‘ditekan, dipaksa’ (to be forced) F Fan kui ‘setan liar’ ( wild devil) Far genic ‘cewek cantik kalau dilihat dari jauh’ (beautiful far looking woman) Fotocopy ‘afdruk foto’ (frint, copy) Fruit kid ‘anak buah’ (subordinate) Enter wind ‘masuk angin’ (air sickness) Error ‘kesalahan’ (mistake) G Gangster ‘kelompok penjahat’ Go home ‘pulang ke rumah’ (back home) Go village ‘pulang ke kampung’ (back to village) go back to the door ‘gobak sodor’ (name of traditional Javanese game) H Hamilton ‘hamil’ Hang ‘bego, bodoh’ (stupid) Hegemoni ‘perkumpulan, kelompok’ (group) Hello mellow stupid fellow ‘halo’ (hallo) Home alone ‘di rumah sendirian’ (title of children film played in Christmas and New Year) Homer boy ‘cowok rumahan yang jarang keluyuran’ (boys that rarely go outside home) Hot sick ‘sakit panas’ (fever) Hunting ‘cari-cari sambil menjelajah’ (looking for and exploring) I I Don’t donk ‘saya tidak mengerti’ (Idon’t understand) Idi ‘idiot’ Ilopu ‘Aku cinta padamu’ (I love you) J Jackpot ‘muntah’ (vomit) Joger ‘melucu’ (joking) J-rock ‘jiplak cheat on exam), copy, jorok’ (dirty, untidy) K Ketty ‘ketiak’ (armpit) Kiyut ‘keren, (cute) Kolang-kaling dalam gelas ‘calling-calling nggak jelas’ (to call unclearly) L Lamborduz ‘orang yang berwajah jelek, abstrak, berantakan’ (an ugly person) Loading ‘mikir’ (thinking) M Master ‘pakar’ (expert) Matching ‘pas, cocok’ (matched) Meaning of the maksud ‘sesuatu yang perlu dijelaskan’ (something important to explain) Mi telor ganjen ‘meteor garden’ (title of Taiwan film) Mis Ring-ring ‘woman who likes making phone calls’ N Not a play ‘bukan main-main’ (unserious) Nyemok ‘merokok’ (smoking) O Oh, my gosh ‘Oh, my god’ One Pack ‘perut buncit’ (a big stomach) Ontohot ‘bego, nyalakan sampai panas’ (stupid, heat it untill hot). P Pentium 1 ‘bodoh, lemah otak’ (stupid, slow thinking) Pepsi ‘pipis, buang air kecil’ (urinate) Popcorn ‘berondong yang ganteng dan tajir’ (a handsome and rich young person) Vol. 14 No. 1 – April 2014 17 Popeye ‘lelaki berbadan kecil, tapi berotot’ ( a small man, but muscular) R Rofulius ‘Oh my god’ Sarden ‘istri tua’ ‘the first wife’ Sesuk tomorrow ‘see you tomorrow’ Siyok ‘Shock, terkejut setengah mati’ (schoked) Skul ‘sekolah’ (school) Slow but suwe ‘pelan tapi yakin’ (slow but sure) Slow-slow ‘pelan-pelan’ (slowly) Sorry borry ‘maaf’ (sorry) So sweet ‘sangat manis’ (very sweet) So wot ‘memang kenapa’ (so what) Spiderman ‘laba-laba’ (spider) Stand by ‘sudah siap’ (ready) Strawberry ‘cewek yang pakaiannya serba merah’ (woman in all red) Sudirboy ‘lelaki yang kuliah di Sudirman’ (a man who studies in Sudirman campus) Suwer takewer-kewer ‘sumpah tidak bohong’ (swear!) Syellen ‘sialan’ (bad luck) T Tips ‘uang bonus’ V Vis ‘rokok, nyemok’ (smoking) Voicegenic ‘tampang tak seindah suaranya’ (ugly person with a good voice) W Wats ap ‘Ada apa sih?’ (what happen) Wak waaw ‘ungkapan kaget’ (surprise expression) Walking-walking ‘jalan-jalan’ (take a walk) Y Your granny ‘Nenek lu’ ( Damn, you! Jakarta dialect swearing) Abbreviation A AC ‘angin cendela’ (window air) ACDC ‘bencong waria’ (guy) ‘Aku cinta dia cinta’ (mutual love) ‘Aku cium dia cengir’ (I kiss her, but she smile sheepishly) AIDS ‘anak istimewa dengan sejuta pesona’ (a special person with a million of wonder) ATM ‘agak telat mikir’ (think a little bit slow) ‘artos tina mesin’ (money come out of mechine) B BF ‘best friend’ BMW ‘body mengalahkan wajah’ (a nice body person with ugly face) BMX ‘bau mulut dan Xetek’ (mouth and armpit smell) BOS ‘bekas orang susah’ (ex poor person) BT ‘bad today, bad tempered)’ ‘birahi tinggi’ (high sexual desire) ‘Becek terus’ (always muddy) C C3 ‘cool, calm, confident’ CD ‘celana dalam’ (underwear) CT ‘counter teroris (markas)’ (terorist’s headquarter) D DOHC ‘dayung otot hingga cepat (becak)’ (peddy cab) G G2 ‘gay girls (cewek berbakat PSK’) (a girl with prostituting talent) F FALS ‘Federasi anak lelaki sejati’ (a true boy federation) FBI ‘Fans berat Inul’(Inul’s fanatic fans) Flu ‘feeling lonely uh’ H HIV ‘hasrat ingin vivis’ (urinating need) M MARS ‘mahasiswa alim rajin sembahyang’ (a good and delligent praying student) MSG ‘main save goblog’ (safe sex, stupid!) N NATO ‘No angpau thanks only’ (no money giving, only thank you) NBA ‘Naik bajai aja’ (Just by Bajaj) NF ‘night friend, perek, pecun’ (prostitute) O OD ‘over dosis’ I Dewa Putu Wijana 18 OMG ‘Oh my God’ OMGD ‘Oh my god dragon’ (Oh my god) OMGDPA ‘Oh my god please donk ah’ (Oh my God, please) P PSPB ‘pren sama pren berantem’ (figt between friends) SLI ‘selingkuh lebih indah’ (deviating is more beatiful) SWT GTL ‘So wot gitu lo’ (So what) T Tough ‘tampang ok, untung gak homo’ (good loking, and fortunately not homosexual) W WTF ‘What the Fuck, What,s that for’ X XL ‘extra legit’ (very sticky) Acronym A Akuisisi ‘akuilah ini sia-sia’ (Confess that it is useless) Alba ‘alim-alim bangsat’ (religious but rascal) Aqua botol ‘anak kualat bodoh dan tolol’ (an accursed and stupid fellow) B Basket ‘basah ketek’ (wet armpit) Bazoka ‘barudak zomblo kararasep (jomblo itu ganteng sekali)’ (that single person is very handsome)’ Beckam ‘bebek kampung’ (village girl) ‘bedes kampung’ (village boy) Betmen ‘berak terus mencret’ (defecate and diarrhea) Bondon ‘jangan dibatasi’ (bound don’t > do not bind, do not limit)’ Bucheri ‘bule ngecet sendiri’ (self dyeing albino) C Casio ‘kekasih orang’ (someone`s boy or girl friend) Citos ‘Cilandak Town Square’ Coffee drink ‘komplek sepi bikin merinding’ (quite and spouky house complex) Cookies ‘kumpulan laki-laki eksekutif muda’ ( a young male executive group) D Dashbod ‘Dasar bodoh’ (that is just like a stupid person) Debormen ‘demam ngebor mengap-mengap’ (gasp for breath drilling fever) Delon ‘gede-gede blo’on’ (big but stupid) Demokrat ‘depak monyet konglomerat’ (kick that stupid conglomerate) E Ebony ‘Eh bolong ni ye’ (Oh, apparently you are not virgin) ‘Eh botak ni ye’ (Oh, apparently you are bold) Ekskul ‘ekstrakurikuler’ (extracurriculary) Esmod ‘eksekutif muda’ (a young executive) Estafet ‘esmod tampang copet’ (a young executive with pick pocket appereance) G Gazebo ‘gak zelas Bo’ (It is unclear, friend!) Gitaris ‘Gigi tampak rapi sekali’ (neat looking teeth) ‘gigolo tak laris’ (unsold gigolo) Go home ‘gondrong homo’ (homosexual long hair style) H Humor ‘hubungan menyenangkan orang’ (entertaining relation) I Ilfil ‘ilang filing’ (lost of feeling) Intelek ‘intip toket lewat ketek’ (peeping breast through armpit) Internet ‘indomi pake telor dan kornet’ (noodle with egg and corned beef) ‘International network’ J Joker ‘jomblo keren’ ( handsome single fellow) ‘jorok keringatan’ (dirty and sweaty) ‘jongos keren’ (handsome male servant) K Kanker ‘kantong kering’ (empty pocket) Kapten ‘kapal tenggelam’ (sinking ship) ‘kepala paras tentara’ (army style head) Kiyut ‘keren (cute) Kobra ‘kolot bringasan’ (stupid and violent) ‘komplotan berbadan ramping’ (slimp body gang) Vol. 14 No. 1 – April 2014 19 M Macho ‘mantan cowo’ (ex boy friend) ‘mantan copet’ (ex pick pocket) Masteng ‘mas tengik’ (stingky fellow) Mercy ‘merasa seksi’ (feel sexy) N Narcist ‘nonton atraksi pake karcis’ (watching without ticket) O Opak ‘over acting’ Oracle ‘ora kelar-kelar’ (will never be clear) P Patrick ‘pantat burik’ (speckled buttock) ‘pria aktif cari cewek’ (a man who is active in looking for a girl friend) Pilot ‘pikiran kolot’ (conservative thinking) Populer ‘pulang-pulang teler’ (drunken when get home) R Rocker ‘remaja oke dan keren’ (good and handsome teenagers) S Simpatik ‘simpanse pake batik’ (chimpanzee wearing batik) V Versace ‘ versi salah cetak’ (misprinted version) Vocer ‘vodka ceria’ (happy vodka)