Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

THE ANALYSIS OF A SHORT STORY "UNTUK IBU":

MICROSTRUCTURAL APPROACH AND PRACTICE OF DISCOURSE

Dyah Kusumastuti

English Lecturer, Univeristas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Email: dyahkusumastuti@ump.ac.id

Abstract

This paper aims to describe any cohesion to achieve coherence and the intrinsic elements of a

short story titled "Untuk Ibu" (For Mother) by Kusuma Wijayanti on Annida magazine.

Discourse analysis is done through the micro structural and the practice of discourse approach.

The results of the discourse analysis of the short story titled "Untuk Ibu" meet all the other good

grammatical aspects of cohesion as well as lexical aspect. The presences of grammatical and

lexical cohesion build up the short story into a cohesive and coherent. From grammatical aspect,

the short story has person references, comparative and demonstrative reference, substitution of

clausal, ellipsis, causal conjunction, and conjunctions of time addition/additives. While from

the lexical aspect, it has reps anaphora and reps tautotes, synonyms of words and phrases with

free morpheme synonym bound, antonyms type compound and opposition relations, collocation,

hyponymy, and equivalency. The results of the analysis of the practice of discourse show that

short story "Untuk Ibu" has the main theme of patience and compassion of a mother on her

daughter. The main character is the mother and Ayu, some others characters are Mas Danu, Yu

Yu, Supi, Mar, Parto Sopa and Lik Darmi. Plot is a mix that began with the exposure of

problems in the form of regret the “I” (aku) figure against the behavior of naughty in opposition

to the mother and then continued with the depiction of a cause of regret, and then ends with a

meeting among the figures I (Ayu) and mother (advanced/progressive grooves). The background

of the story majority happened at home (Madiun). In addition, this story has the first-person

perspective I or Ayu and occurs in Javanese.

Key Words: Discourse analysis, microstructural approach, grammatical, and lexical

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan piranti kohesi untuk mencapai koherensi cerpen

dan mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen berjudul “Untuk Ibu” karya Kusuma

Wijayanti pada majalah Annida. Analisis wacana dilakukan melalui pendekatan mikrostruktural

dan pendekatan praktik wacana. Hasil analisis kewacanaan cerpen “Untuk Ibu” memenuhi

semua piranti kohesi baik aspek gramatikal maupun aspek leksikal. Keberadaan kohesi

gramatikal dan leksikal membangun cerpen menjadi kohesif dan koheren.. Dari aspek

gramatikal, cerpen memiliki referensi persona, referensi komparatif dan referensi demonstratif,

substitusi klausal, elipsis, konjungsi sebab akibat, konjungsi waktu dan konjungsi

penambahan/aditif. Sedangkan dari aspek leksikal, cerpen ini memiliki repetisi anafora dan

repetisi tautotes, sinonim frasa dengan kata dan sinonimo morfem bebas dengan morfem terikat,

antonimi jenis oposisi majemuk dan oposisi hubungan, kolokasi, hiponimi dan ekuvalensi. Hasil

analisis praktik wacana menunjukkan bahwa cerpen “Untuk Ibu” bertema utama kesabaran dan

kasih sayang seorang ibu pada anaknya. Tokoh utama adalah Ibu dan Ayu, beberapa tokoh

pendukung Asih, Mas Danu, Yu Mar, Yu Supi, Lik Sopa dan Lik Darmi. Alur/plot cerita adalah

alur campuran yang dimulai dengan pemaparan masalah berupa penyesalan tokoh aku terhadap

perilaku nakalnya pada ibu kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penggambaran sebab penyesalan (alur

flash back/mundur), lalu diakhiri dengan pertemuan antara tokoh aku (Ayu) dengan ibu (alur

maju/progresif). Latar sebagian besar terjadi di rumah (Madiun). Menggunakan sudut pandang

orang pertama aku atau Ayu. Secara luas terjadi di komunitas/suku Jawa.

Kata kunci : Kajian Wacana, Pendekatan Mikrostruktural, Gramatikal, leksikal

mailto:dyahkusumastuti@ump.ac.id

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

INTRODUCTION

Short story is a part of literary work

that gets more appreciation and place in the

heart of society. This is evident from the

increasing number of magazines and tabloids

that provide space for the short storytellers

to be creative, in fact, there are specific

books containing a collection of short

stories. The nature of the narrative means

that it is intact as a story rather than analysis,

description or argumentation, whereas

fictitious means the basis of story writing

based on imagination of the author.

This literary work is solid and laconic

in which it is straight to the goal. In line with

this, there is a classic definition that a short

story should be readable in just one sitting.

The reader can finish the story in a short

time at once and he can take a lesson from a

story he had read. Hence, it is interesting to

do a study of the short story. It is also caused

by the number of results of the works of

short story writer with a variety of themes

and context of an explanation that will never

run out to be explored.

From the discourse analysis point of

view, short story is part of the discourse of

the narrative (Sumarlam, et.al, 2003: 17)

which is concerned with the time sequence,

spoken by the person of the first or third in a

certain time, oriented on the offender and all

parts are fastened in chronological order. A

text is called as discourse when it meets the

elements of coherent and cohesion of the

discourse. This is explained by Sumarlam

(2003: 15) that discourse is if it is viewed

from its physical structure must be cohesive

and from the inner structure is coherent. This

paper is focused on the short story “Untuk

Ibu” (For Mother) by Kusuma Wijayanti in

the Annida magazine issue No. 1 Th.X 27

September 2000. Through the study of

discourse, this short story is analyzed from

the aspect of cohesion (the aspect of

grammatical) and coherence (the aspects of

lexical). In addition, the study is developed

with the practice of discourse which is

analyzed from the intrinsic elements of the

short story (theme, plot, flow and so on).

LITERATURE REVIEW

The Nature of Short Story

The short story is part of the discourse

of a narrative that has a person in the form of

figures/actors, time and place as the

background of the story and other things that

complement the story so as not to seem

monotonous to enjoy the reader. In addition,

aspects of language also play an important

role in the discourse of the narrative of this

type because the short story has a language

unit, it is described by Bustanul and Abdul

(2000: 3) that the unit of language meant

consecutive sentences, phrases, words and

sounds. Therefore, short stories can be

examined by performing a discourse analysis

of the various approaches.

The approach of discourse analysis of

the short story “Untuk Ibu” used

microstructural approach and discourse

approach. Microstructural approach includes

cohesion and coherence or study a short

story in terms of grammatical and lexical

McCarthy, Michael & Clancy, Brian. (2018).

This is also explained by Sumarlam (2003:

23) that the relationship of inter-division of

discourse can be distinguished into two

kinds, namely relations of the form

(cohesion) including grammatical structure

and relations of meaning that include the

lexical structure (coherence). The concept of

cohesion refers to the elements of discourse

(words or sentences) that have solid and

intact relevance (Mulyana, 2005: 26). It is

also strengthen that the concept of coherence

is a relation or interweave between words, or

sentences in a text (Eriyanto, 2008: 242).

Klimova, Blanka & Hubackova, Sarka.

(2014) stated that the aspect of grammatical

discourse includes reference, substitution,

ellipsis, and conjunctions. Furthermore, from

the lexical aspect Sumarlam (2003: 23) also

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

mentions (2003: 35) mentions the tools of

discourse analysis which include reps,

synonyms, collocation, hyponymy,

antonyms, and equivalence. The descriptions

of the tools of discourse analysis are as

follows:

Grammatical Aspect

a. Reference

A reference is a type of grammatical

cohesion in the form of units of a particular

lingual which refers to units of other lingual

that precede or follow it. References

classified in three types namely person,

comparative and demonstrative reference

(Halliday and Hasan, 1976:37).

References include the first singular

subject (aku, saya, hamba, -ku, ku-/I) and the

first plural subject (kami, kami semua,

kita/we); the second singular subject (kamu,

anda, kau-, -mu/you) and second plural

subject (kamu semua, kalian/you); the third

singular subject (ia, dia beliau, di-, -nya/he,

she, he, his) and the third plural subject

(mereka, mereka semua/they). While

demonstrative reference includes

demonstrative place and demonstrative of

the time. Demonstrative reference place that

is close to the speakers (this, here),

somewhat near (it, there), far (there), and

mention a place explicitly (Solo,

Yogyakarta). In addition, comparative

references i.e. compare two or more things

that have a resemblance or similarity in

terms of shape, form, attitude, nature,

character, behavior and more. Words that are

used to compare for example the

demonstrative of reference such as like

(seperti/bagaikan).

b. Substitution

Substitution is a type of grammatical

cohesion in the form of settlement of certain

units of the lingual (which are mentioned)

with other lingual unit in discourse to

acquire elements of distinction. Halliday and

Hasan in Brown and Yule (1996:200) stick

to simple substitution in which an expression

may simply be replaced in the text.

Seen in terms of its lingual unit,

Substitution can be differentiated into

substitution of nominal, verbal, phrasal and

sentence. Sumarlam (2003:30) explained

that the substitution function is to support

the solid discourse which also serves to

bring the variation form, creating a narrative

dynamics, eliminate the monotonous and

obtain an element of distinction.

c. Ellipsis

Ellipsis is a type of grammatical

cohesion in the form of omission of the

specific units which had been mentioned

previously. The omitted element can be from

the word, phrase, clause or sentence.

Moreover, the section that can be eliminated

is subject, predicate, object or any other part.

The omitted elements are marked with the

zero constituents (Ø). Mulyana (2005:28)

also adds that the constituent element is

actually exist but accidentally removed or

hidden, hence the use of the ellipsis is for the

effectiveness and efficiency of the language.

d. Conjunction

The conjunction is a type of

grammatical cohesion which is connecting

the one element and other elements in a

discourse. The elements can be assembled

units of lingual such as words, phrases,

clauses, sentences and larger items or

paragraphs.

Lexical Aspect

Several types of tools for the analysis

of the discourse of lexical aspect under this

proposed by Sumarlam (2003); (a) Reps

(Repetitions), reps is the repetition of lingual

units (sounds, syllables, words or parts of a

sentence) that are considered essential to put

pressure in an appropriate context; (b)

Sinonimi (Indeterminate words), sinonimi

can be interpreted as another name for the

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

same thing or object; or phrase meaning

more or less the same as the expression of

the other; (c) Antonimi (Antonym),

Antonimi can be interpreted as another name

for other things or objects; lingual unit

which means the opposite of lingual units

with the other; (d) Collocation, collocation

is specific associations in using words tend

to be used side by side; (e) Hiponimi,

hiponimi can be defined as a unit of

language (words, phrases, sentences) that its

meaning is considered is part of the meaning

of lingual units to another; and (f)

Equivalence (Match), equivalence relation is

a match between a particular lingual unit

with other lingual unit in a paradigm.

By using the tools of cohesion as has

been mentioned, it is expected that the

discourse coherence can occur (Bustanul &

Abdul, 2000: 116). Next, on the approach to

the practice of discourse associated with the

analysis of the intrinsic elements in short

stories. This approach is used because the

discourse that is analyzed is the short story,

where this literary work has elements of an

intrinsic element forming the story. From

Arianto through her blog mentions intrinsic

elements referred to in the short story is an

issue, idea or issue that is the basis of the

story (the theme); the series of incidents or

events in the story (plot/plot), can be either

grooves forward/backward flow/progressive,

flashback and the flow of the mixture; the

place, time and atmosphere of the

occurrence of events in the story

(background/setting); the giving nature on a

character or the perpetrator in the story

(character/characters); the position of the

author of the story (the viewpoint/point of

view).

RESEARCH METHOD

The type of the research is qualitative

study while the methodology used is

discourse analysis which essentially reveals

the protagonist characters namely Ayu (the

main character) and her mother. The paper

aims at finding out the cohesion and

coherence or study a short story in terms of

grammatical and lexical (McCarthy, Michael

& Clancy, Brian (2018)).

In addition, to highlight the aspects of

grammatical and lexical aspects as well as

the moral value from the story, examples

from the text are given. Besides, the paper

also explores the intrinsic elements such as

themes, plot, setting, characters and

viewpoint.

RESEARCH FINDING AND

DISCUSSION

Analysis of aspects of the discourse in

the short story "Untuk Ibu" is done with the

mikrostruktural approach consists of

grammatical and lexical aspect with

descriptions of the data as follows:

Grammatical Aspect

a. References
Reference is divided into three types

namely person, comparative and

demonstrative reference. Reference of the

first, second and third person either single or

plural in the short story "Untuk Ibu"

contained in the data:

Aku menendang-nendang apa saja yang ada

di dekatku. Kursi, meja yang semula

kugunakan untuk bermain menjadi sasaran

kemarahanku. (1)

“I kick all the things that close to me. Chair,

table which I used to play are becoming my

fury”

Betapa teganya kami, anak-anaknya,

mempercayakan Ibu pada orang lain.

Padahal Ibu dengan susah payah

membesarkan kami semua. (2)

“It is poor that we trust other people to take

care of our mother, even though she had

been so hard in taking care of us”

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

Sebenarnya Mas Danu tidak mengizinkan

aku pergi sendiri. Ia berjanji akan

mengantarkanku sampai ke Jakarta. (3)

“Actually Mas Danu didn‟t allow me to go

alone. He promised to accompany me to

Jakarta”

Semua orang yang melihatku pulang sama

sekali tak menyapaku. Aku jadi geli. Terang

saja mereka tak mengenaliku. (4)

“All people who saw me went home did not

greet me at all. It is because they didn‟t

know me.”

Data (1), (3) and (4) show the free

singular pronominal reference first person

Aku (I) (Ayu). Data (1) indicates also that

the subject „I‟ latched onto single left-hand

words kugunakan (I used). Then, on the data

(1), (3) and (4) there is also a single I latched

onto the right in the word mengantarkanku

(accompany me), aku (me), kemarahanku

(my fury), melihatku (saw me), menyapaku

(greet me), and mengenaliku (know me).

Beside the first singular person, the (2)

data shows grammatical cohesion endofora

which are divided into kataforis and

anaforis. Through the first plural reference,

kataforis is demonstrated by a word “his”

that refers to the first word anak-anaknya

(his sons) which the element is on the right,

While the anaforis is demonstrated by the

second word “we” refers also to the words

anak-anaknya (his sons) which the element

is on the left.

Data (3) shows the third singular

subject “he”, because it refers to Mas Danu

(the element is on the left). Then the data (4)

shows that the third plural subject “they” is

existed as well, it shows a type of

grammatical cohesion which is called

endofora anaforis because it refers to the

element is on the left i.e. to the phrase

„semua orang‟(everyone). While the

comparative reference is to compare two or

more things that have a resemblance or

similarity and are usually marked with

words such as „like or as (seperti)‟, it can be

seen in data:

Aku menghindari tatapan Ibu yang seperti

menembus perasaanku. (5)

“I avoid seeing my mother who gazed at me

which is like it touches my feeling”

Ibu selalu berusaha membantu segala

kesusahanku. Seperti misalnya saat UMPTN

1997. (6)

“My mother always helps me to solve my

difficulties. Like when I had UMPTN (Tes

entrance for college) in 1997.”

The (5) data shows that there is a

function which compares the gaze as if with

a tool that can touch. Then the data (6)

comparisons is shown with the word „as‟

means the mother always helps the character

I (Ayu) at any time without having to know

the time.

The demonstrative reference is divided

into two types namely the demonstrative of

time reference (present, past, upcoming, and

neutral) and demonstrative reference of

place (close, somewhat near, far, and

explicit). In the short story "Untuk Ibu"

demonstrative reference time and place

indicated on the data:

Meski Ibu terlahir di zaman penjajahan. (7)

“even though my mother was born in

colonial era”

Dulu, aku pergi dengan celana jeans,

kemeja panjang dan tak lupa topi Benry

kesayanganku. Sekarang kan bajuku sudah

modern. (8)

“In the past, I wore my pants, long shirt, and

my lovely Benry hat. Now my clothes are

modern”

Lalu sebulan kemudian kuterima kiriman

cap pos dari Madiun. (9)

“then one month later I accepted a transfer

from Madiun”

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

Aku terus melangkah masuk ke pesawat

yang akan mengantarkan aku ke kota

Padang. (10)

“I stepped in the plane which it will take me

to Padang”

Ibu yang tidak tahu persoalannya meminta

bola itu dan memberikannya untukku. (11)

“My mother who did not know the problem

then asked the ball and gave it to me”

Ya yang ini, pagar putih ini. (12)

“yes, this white fence.”

Data (7), (8) and (9) show the

demonstrative of reference of time past,

present, and future tense in which is

indicated by the phrases colonial era and

said it used to be, while the present is

indicated by the word „now‟, „a month later‟

showed that the referenced is the

submissions from Madison who came a

month later. Data (9), (10), (11) and (12)

show the demonstrative reference site, which

is explicitly mentioned place names i.e.

Madiun and Padang (data (9) and (10)). Data

(11) said it showed the ball is referenced far

away from the perpetrators. Data (12)

indicates that a character/perpetrators is near

the white fence that is referenced from the

word „this‟.

b. Substitution

Substitution is done by replacing the

lingual unit (which has been called) with

other lingual unit in short to obtain elements

of distinction. In the short story "Untuk Ibu"

substitution shown in data:

Kucium tangan ibu. Kugenggam erat.

Rasanya ingin begini terus. (13)

I kiss her hand. Hold it tightly. I want it

forever.

Data (13) showed a clausal

substitution in which said this was the

substitution of the previous clause i.e. I kiss

her hand. Hold it tightly. These data show

that there is a distinct impression gained

readers due to the substitution of the word

against the clause.

c. Ellipsis

Ellipsis is a particular lingual unit

which has been mentioned earlier. The

ellipsis in the short story "Untuk Ibu" is

shown in the following data:

Ibu kaget, dan terbangun. Menatapku lama

sekali. (14)

Ibu kaget, dan Ø terbangun. Ø Menatapku

lama sekali. (14a)

“My mother is shocked, and Ø woke up. Ø

Looked at me for long time.”

Ibu kaget, dan Ibu terbangun. Ibu

menatapku lama sekali. (14b)

“My mother is shocked, and she woke up.

She looked at me for long time.”

Data (14) or (14a) show that the the

ellipsis of the word “mother” (ibu). This

shows the alignment of the discourse so that

it is more practical, can be enjoyed by

readers and motivate readers to find more

creative elements that are contracted than if

the mother's word used consecutively as in

(14b).

d. Conjunctions

In the short story "Untuk Ibu", there is

a conjunction of the shown in the data

below:

Tak biasanya Ibu sakit. Karena Ibu selalu

sibuk, tak pernah berdiam diri. (15)

“It‟s unusual that my mother is sick. Since

she is always busy, she never wants to keep

silent”

Setelah usai ujian terakhir aku nekat pergi

sendiri. (16)

“After the final exam was finished, I go

alone”

Tapi harus menunggu cutinya keluar. Dan

itu berarti aku harus menunggu sebulan

lagi. (17)

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

“But I have to wait the decision of my days

off. And it means that I must wait for a

month later.”

Data (15) shows a causal conjunction

“since”. It states a causal relationship as

shown in clause. Data (16) shows the time

“after”. Data (17) shows the two types of

conjunctions namely conjunction of

opposites: with a word “but” and the

addition of the (additive) “and”.

Lexical Aspect

a. Reps (Repetitions)

In the short story "Untuk Ibu" the kinds of

reps are available in the following data:

Apa yang telah kulakukan pada Ibu? Apa

yang membuatku marah, padahal ibu hanya

memintaku shalat. (18)

“What I've done to my mother? What

pissed me off, mom just told me to pray.”

Kutapakkan kaki lagi di kota yang telah

memebesarkan aku dengan segala

keunikannya. Kota yang telah lama menanti

kedatanganku. Kota yang meninggalkan

kenangan indah masa kecilku. (19)

“I stepped my feet in the city that has been

grew me up with all its uniqueness. The city

has been waiting me for so long. The city

that left wonderful memories to my

childhood.”

Data (18) shows the repetition because

anaphora reps is on the first phrase in each

sentence with the phrase “apa”. Data (19)

appears tautotes reps where the repetition of

a word several times mentioned in a

construction i.e. the word “kota” (city) is

repeated three times.

b. Sinonimi (Indeterminate words)

Sinonimi on short story "Untuk Ibu" is

shown in the following data:

Setelah kejadian itu hampir selama

seminggu aku tak berani menegur Ibu. Aku

takut sekali. (20)

“After the incident was gone for almost a

week I could not dare rebuke the mother.

I'm scared as hell.”

Aku tahu, Ibu tak akan pernah menunjukkan

kemarahannya padaku. (21)

I know, mom will never show her anger at

me.

Data (20) showed the word “scared” (takut)

has synonymous to “dare”. Data (21) is a

type of free morpheme which is similar to

bound morpeheme where the word “mother”

(Ibu) is free morpheme and in which it is

synonymous with the morpheme (bound) –

her.

c. Opposition (Antonym)

The short stories "Untuk Ibu" has the

data which are related to the device with the

following data which indicate antonyms:

Agar aku bisa hidup tanpa merasa terbebani

perasaan yang selama hidup menghantui

kemanapun aku pergi. Terus menyiksaku,

mengejar bahkan tanpa rasa ampun mereka

berani mencemoohku.(22)

“In order that I can live without feeling

down that haunts my life wherever I go.

Constantly abused me, pursue even without

the taste of sake they dare talk negatively.”

“Dik Ayu nggak ingin pulang?” tanya Mas

Danu. Pulang?. Tentu saja aku ingin sekali

pulang Mas. (23)

"Dik (sister) Ayu did not want to go home?"

asked Mas Danu. Go home?. Of course I'd

love to go home, Mas (Old brother).

Data (22) indicates the presence of

multiple oppositions i.e. the oppositions

occur in some words (more than two). While

on the data (23) shows the opposition is in a

Javanese family terms between sister and

brother (Dik and Mas).

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

d. Collocation

The collocation in the short story "Untuk

Ibu" is shown from the following data:

Sekarang sedang musim tanam padi.

Kulihat dari jauh Yu Mar, Yu Supi, Lik Sopa

dan Lik Darmi yang sudah semakin tua

menuntun sepeda tua menuju ke sawah. (24)

“It is now the rice planting season. Seen

from far away, Yu (old sister) Mar, Yu Supi,

Sopa and Lik Darmi already getting old

bikes lead heading to the old rice fields.

Data (24) indicates the occurrence of

collocation with the use of the words of

paddy and rice planting season. This shows

the unity of the discourse with the word that

collocated and mutually supportive.

e. Hiponimi
The following data shows the occurrence of

hiponimi in the short story "Untuk Ibu":

Ibu masih menidurkan aku dengan cerita-

cerita si Kancil yang cerdik dan si licik

Belalang yang kedinginan dan ditolong

oleh semut, si Gajah yang tak terkalahkan.

Cerita yang selalu sama setiap hari. (25)

“my mother still puts me with stories of the

ingenious Kancil and the crafty

Grasshopper who freezes and rescued by

ants, the unbeatable Elephants. The story

is always the same every day.”

Data (25) suggests that the hiponim of

the story is the clever Kancil, the scheming

Grasshopper who freezes and rescued by

ants, the Elephants are unbeatable.

f. Ekuvalensi (Match)

The short stories "Untuk Ibu" has

equivalence (match) is shown in the

following:

Aku, yang sedang asyik bermain, bersikeras

ingin menyelasikan main dan salatnya nanti

saja. (26)

“I, who is fun to play, insisting to finish

playing and decide to pray later.”

Ibu mencubit pahaku. Aku jadi kalap,

padahal cubitan ibu tak begitu sakit. (27)

“my mother pinched my thigh. I'm so angry,

instead it does not so hurt actually.”

Data (26) shows the word play

(bermain) is equivalent based on the origin

word play (main). Data (27) indicates the

word to pinch (mencubit) is equivalent that

derive from the same basis i.e. pinch (cubit).

Both of these data indicate the similarity

where a number of words are the results of

the process of afix from the same origin of

the morpheme.

Analysis of the practice of Discourse
A short story has several elements that

are forming the story that would later be

called as intrinsic elements. These elements

are analysed with the approach of discourse

practices, as well as in the short story

"Untuk Ibu" that includes themes, plot,

setting, characters and viewpoint.

1. Theme

Patience and compassion of a mother

to her daughter become a central theme in

the short story "Untuk Ibu". This is apparent

from the reaction of her when her daughter

(Ayu) is behaving mischievously. No matter

how naughty her daughter is, she still loves

her daughter, no ridges at all. The mother

stays happily to help her daughter‟s distress,

tells story of lullabies, feeding even still

wakes up at midnight, does tahajud and

prays for the prayer for her daughter. Pray

for Ayu‟s examination in UMPTN and so

that Ayu can pass it. When her mother is

sick, she would love to meet Ayu. She

pleaded to God Almighty in order not to be

late to meet her mother, and God grant the

Ayu‟s du'a. When She returned home, she

could still be holding and kissing the hands

of her mother.

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

2. Plot

The plot of the short story "Untuk Ibu"

is a mixture in which the character of Ayu

recounts with groove back and continued

with the forward plot. At the beginning of

paragraphs, it is told how her behaviour

remorsed on her mother because of the

events of the previous days, where in the

next paragraphs Ayu told herself what made

her regret, there is inner conflict within Ayu,

it indicates that the author tried to build

conflict on the main character, Ayu, (person-

against-self) from the beginning of the

narrative and the middle part of the story.

The forward flow is shown as the year 2000,

Ayu was in Padang and heard about her

mother's illness, conflict was happening

again in Ayu, so there are no regrets for life

for what she did on her mother, then she

begs prayer so that she would not be late for

meeting and asking apologizes to her

mother.

3. Background or Setting

The background stories on the short

story "Untuk Ibu" took place in various

setting include home, travel of mothers and

Ayu to the airport, the University of

Andalas, Padang, Madison, and in villages.

But the majority of background occurs at

home.

Social status of the family told that the

families is from intermediate social status to

the top expression in a village in Madison

because the mother could send her children

on secondary education (College) with

proven Ayu who lectures at Andalas

University Padang. The trip to the airport

also indicates a social status. In addition, the

social background in the recent culture is

clearly visible is the story of the people of

East Java precisely (Madiun), this is evident

also from the Java language vocabulary that

is used, for example, gerah (sick), dalem

(apa), kondur (pulang) and sare (sleep).

4. Characters

The central character in the short story

"Untuk Ibu" is mother and Ayu. It is caused

by a story dominated by the conflicts

themselves Ayu and the role of the mother.

In addition, the character of mother and Ayu

take a lot of narrative. Other figures such as

Asih, Mas Danu, Yu Supi, Yu Mar. Parto

Sopa and Lik Darmi were aided to launch

and vary the storyboard.

The main character, mother, is

described as having properties that are

patient and compassionate. The mother did

not have the nature of spiteful because she

never showed anger when the character of

Ayu constantly was acting unruly. Mom

even portrayed as a mother who never tired

of doing good and even pray for kindness to

her children.

The other main character is me (Ayu)

is portrayed as a mischievous child and over

the course of time, Ayu told sorry with her

naughtiness on her mother so she wants to

immediately apologized for her behaviour.

This is shown in paragraphs at the beginning

of the story. The author of Ayu also showed

how sorry and at the end of the story the

author narrates a poignant meeting between

mother and Ayu.

Other figures such as Asih, Mas Danu,

Yu Supi, Yu Mar. Parto Sopa and Lik Darmi

are supporting characters who are not

explicitly described by the author. Asih

serves as a maid, Mas Danu is the brother-

in-law of I, then Yu Mar, Yu Supi, Lik Sopa

and Lik Darmi are people/farmers in the

village of main character.

The flat impression portrayals from a

character especially the mother who is

indicated by the depiction of the character

which tends to be one-sided. Those are as a

patient, the reaction of the mother did not

explore reasonably when her daughter pee

carelessly or kicked the table, it was

described that she was not angry at all. Its

nature will be more humane if an angry

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

mother described for example by rebuking

because of her daughter's naughty behavior.

5. Perspective/Point of View

The author wrote through the

submission of a story with a first person

perspective (I named Ayu) as the narrator

then expected the reader to feel the effects of

empathy to get involved in the story.

Through the character of I, the author

wanted to show the meaning of patience and

compassion of a mother on her daughter. A

mother who is always there who described

as loyal woman who wants to always help

the trouble of her daughter and pray for the

good life of her children.

CONCLUSION

The results of the discourse analysis of

the short story "Untuk Ibu" meet all the other

good grammatical aspects of cohesion as

well as lexical aspect. From grammatical

aspect, the short story has references person

(I, II, III, singular and plural); comparative

and demonstrative reference, substitution of

clausal, ellipsis, causal conjunction; the

conjunction of time and the

addition/additives. While the lexical aspect,

this short story has reps anaphora and reps

tautotes, synonyms of words and phrases

with free morpheme, sinonimo bound

morpheme, antonimi which divided into two

types namely compound and opposition

relations, collocation, hiponimi and

equivalent. The existence of the lexical and

grammatical cohesion builds up a discourse

into a cohesive and coherent.

The result of the analysis of the

practice of discourse shows that short story

"Untuk Ibu" has a main theme of patience

and compassion of a mother on her daughter.

The main character is the mother, and Ayu,

some other characters Asih, Mas Danu, Yu

Supi, Yu Mar. Parto Sopa and Lik Darmi.

Plot is a mix that began with the exposure of

problems in the form of regret of figure “I”

against the behavior of her naughty to her

mother and then continued with the

depiction of a cause of regret (flash

back/rewind grooves), and then ends with a

meeting among the Ayu and her mother

(advanced/progressive grooves). The

background occurred majority at home

(Madison). Using the first person

perspective I or Ayu dominantly, it is widely

occurring in community/tribe of Java.

SUGGESTION

The short story is the literary works

which deserve appreciation. In terms of the

linguistic approach to explore interesting

analysis of discourse of cohesion and

coherence to see a short story, this is done

because it is very useful to know the

integrity and the unity of a discourse.

Besides the analysis of discourse practices

approach aims to know clearly the elements

forming the story. So it is recommended that

more short stories that can be analyzed to

see the wholeness and the unity discourse as

well as the intrinsic elements.

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 7 No.1, Mei 2019

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