JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |483 JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching https://e-journal.undikma.ac.id/index.php/jollt Email: jollt@undikma.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v%vi%i.5173 October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 p-ISSN: 2338-0810 e-ISSN: 2621-1378 pp.483-495 RHETORICAL MOVES AND META-DISCOURSE MARKERS IN ABSTRACTS OF INDONESIAN SCOPUS INDEXED JOURNALS ACROSS ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES Dwi Indarti Faculty of Communication and Language, Bina Sarana Informatika University, Indonesia Corresponding Author Email: dwi.diw@bsi.ac.id Article Info Abstract Article History Received: June 2022 Revised: August 2022 Published: October 2022 Rhetorical moves purposes to examine the basic structures of research articles, while meta discourse markers are elements to construct and to establish ideas and arguments. This study compares rhetorical moves and the function of meta discourse markers in research articles abstracts of different academic disciplines published in reputable indexed journals which can be indicated by its publisher, editorial board, peer review and consistent intervals. This study employs Pho’s five-move analysis and the classification of meta discourse marker proposed by Dafouz-Milne as the research framework. The writer took five Indonesian Scopus Q1 and Q2 indexed journals from different academic disciplines. Those are Indonesian Journal Science and Technology (IJoST), Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics (IJAL), Journal on Mathematics and Education (JME), Studia Islamika and Forest and Society. The results show that in terms of rhetorical move of abstracts, M2 and M4 became the moves which occur in all journal abstracts. In terms of meta discourse markers, all journal abstracts employ logical markers and code glosses. Sequencers, topicalisers, and illocutionary markers are used in small numbers, while reminders and announcements are not be found in any abstracts. The findings could help students and writers to produce abstracts that fulfill the requirements to be published in Scopus indexed journals. Keywords Abstract; Rhetorical moves; Meta-discourse markers; How to cite: Indarti, D. (2022). Rhetorical Moves and Meta-Discourse Markers in Abstracts of Indonesian Scopus Indexed Journals Across Academic Disciplines, JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 10(4), pp. 483- 495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v%vi%i.5173 INTRODUCTION Indexing journals is significant to boost far-reaching audience readership and is considered to have great quality of published research articles (Kurniawan, Dallyono & Cahyowati, 2019). The quality of a journal could be indicated by the local and global indexing institution recognition, such as Scopus, Sinta, ScimagoJR, and many more (Zulkardi & Prahmana, 2021). Scopus indexation has been viewed as the parameter of high-quality published research articles since it has such a high- standard demand set by the global qualified editors board (Kurniawan & Sabila, 2021). Thus, Scopus- indexed journals receive a global wide acknowledgement as high-quality scientific papers. Numbers of citation and the reputation of the cited journals influence the journal rank. The Scopus journal quartiles as the gauge of Scimago Journals Rankings (SJR) are considered as the barometer of the weighted of publication across academic disciplines. There are four quartiles: Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 which show the value of substantial citations received by the journal for the last three years. https://e-journal.undikma.ac.id/index.php/jollt http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id/issn.cgi?daftar&1366476729&1&& http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id/issn.cgi?daftar&1524725326&1&& mailto:dwi.diw@bsi.ac.id Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |484 According to (Liu & Gu, 2016) quartile 1 (Q1) is journals which have the top 25% impact factors of circulation while quartile 4 (Q4) is journals which have the lowest 25% impact factors. Regarding the worldwide scholars and readers, reputable journals require English written abstracts as the first outlook of the whole article’s contents (Kurniawan, et al, 2019). Board of journal editors treat abstracts as the crucial factors to select acceptable research articles (Kurniawan & Sabila, 2021). From the readers’ side, abstract provides brief and comprehensive information of the topics they are searching for (Kurniawan et al, 2019). (Sanganyado, 2019) made an analogy,” A good abstract is like a traffic sign on the edge of a busy highway; easy to see even in the chaos of a rush hour, easy to understand and accurate” (p.1). (Sanganyado, 2019) also formulated four significant components of an effective abstract; (i) a brief explanation addressing to the statement of the problems and the objective of the study, (ii) a brief description about the research method, (iii) the primary results found in the study, and (iv) the crucial implication of the results of the study to the scientific community. Rhetorical moves theory was first developed by (Swales, 1990) with his widely known of CARS (Create A Research Space) model to examine the basic structures of research articles. Move analysis comprises of two components: moves and steps. While ‘move’ indicates an aspect that is stated in a text frame, ‘step’ functions as completing aspects to obtain the objective of the move (Kurniawan & Sabila, 2021). Following Swales, several scholars (Hyland, 2000 and Pho, 2008) have contributed rhetorical moves model that has been applied as the main framework in many studies. Those studies have inspired many linguists to conduct research in different text genres and parts of scientific papers, such as abstracts (Pratiwi & Kurniawan, 2021; Tanko, 2017), introductions (Lu, et al, 2021; Lu & Kisselev, 2021), results and discussion (Suherdi, et al, 2020; Hussin & Nimehchisalem, 2018) and conclusion section (Zamani & Ebadi, 2016). These studies have contributed guidelines of the academic writings essence to the international students from various disciplines (Muangsamai, 2018). Numbers of studies have been conducted on rhetorical move analysis with various data scopes to seek the text pattern in a specific academic discipline. Using Moreno & Swales (2018)’s advocacy for step-level analysis, Yoon & Casal (2020) investigated 625 conference abstracts accepted in 2017 American Association of Applied Linguistics Conference and found that 5 of 7 moves in the resulting framework were highly recurrent and 2 leading move-sequence patterns appeared. Beside rhetorical move, Pratiwi & Kurniawan (2021) also determined the influence of the education level to the development of genre knowledge in research abstracts. They used (Hyland, 2000)’s five-move analysis model to identify the abstracts of theses and dissertations in English and Indonesian final papers and concluded that its genre development reflected through the level of study as doctoral degree’s dissertations display richer varieties of moves than master’s theses. Lu, et al (2021) listed phrase-frames identified from the Corpus of Social Science Research Article Introduction (COSSRAI) aligned with Swales's (1990) CARS rhetorical move-steps. Their study produced three types of phrase-frames; (1) Specialized phrase-frames that occurred in one move-step only, (2) semi- specialized phrase-frames that occurred primarily in one move-step but also in others, (3) and non- specialized phrase-frames that occurred in multiple move-steps with no clear association with any of them. Meanwhile, Kurniawan, et al (2019) questioned whether Scopus journal quartile affects the rhetorical organization and linguistic realizations abstracts. Their analysis showed that most Q2-Q4 journal articles applied the informative typology, while Q1 journal applied the indicative-informative Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |485 one. They stated that journal quartile has an influential role in the use of verb tense of Introduction, Purpose, and Conclusion moves and the sentence voice of Method and Conclusion moves. One of the significant elements to construct and to establish ideas and arguments in writing is meta discourse markers. (Hyland, 2004) explained that in general, meta discourse indicates a writer’s point of view towards both the content and the readers. Meta discourse markers are considered as an essential component in academic writings since the writers need to deliver their opinions and their results of the study in proper ways based on the current academic benchmarks (Nurgroho, 2020). Plethora studies concerning Meta discourse markers have been conducted, such as Bax, Nakatsuhara & Waller (2019) who represented a large-scale project of 281 Meta discourse markers in 13 categories taken from 900 exam scripts at CEFR (Council of Europe) B2-C2 levels. The results showed that advance writers tend to use fewer Meta discourse markers than intermediate writers. Ashofteh, et al (2020) investigated move analysis and the use of Meta discourse markers in research articles abstracts of applied linguistics and revealed the high frequency of transitions. They assumed that applied linguistics authors tend to use more hedges as the act willingness to open for different arguments. Adopting Meta discourse framework proposed by Hyland (2004), Alqahtani & Abdelhalim (2020) examined the use of interactive Meta discourse markers of 60 academic essays written by female and male EFL students and indicated a significant differences between male and female students in using transitions, frame markers and code glosses. Mirzaeian (2020) compared Barrack Obama and Donald Trump political speech on the Iran nuclear deal and investigated the impact of interpersonal dan contextual differences of Meta discourse markers. The study concluded that variations in the use of micro-categories of interpersonal Meta discourse markers would be characterized to authors’ identity as well as peculiar background and target of their speeches. Nurgroho (2020) compared the use of Meta discourse markers by American and Indonesian writers in opinion and business articles published in newspapers, Washington Examiner and The Jakarta Post and revealed that certain types of markers like reminders and announcements were not found in both groups, while logical markers became the most frequently appearing markers in both groups. Comparing rhetorical moves and the function of meta discourse markers in research articles abstracts of different academic disciplines are interesting and significant to be conducted because the results presented the outlook model of acceptable abstract in reputable indexed journals. This study employs (Pho, 2008)’s five-move analysis and the classification of meta discourse marker proposed by (Dafouz-Milne, 2008) as the research framework considering it provides more detail subdivision of both linguistics resource and pragmatic function. The results of this study are expected to identify similarities and differences between Indonesian Scopus indexed journals across disciplines in terms of rhetorical moves of abstracts and function of Meta discourse markers. RESEARCH METHOD Research Design A comparative qualitative research design was employed to compare abstract discourse arrangement among five Indonesian Scopus indexed journals. According to (Baptist & Barbara, 2015) Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a case based method which allows researchers to identify various sequences of factors in a given discourse. Moreover, QCA enables researchers to methodically compare cases and diagnosing major aspects. Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |486 Research Object The data source of this study was derived from https://native-proofreading.com/data-terbaru- 58-jurnal-indonesia-terindeks-scopus-2021-silahkan-download/. The writer took five Indonesian Scopus indexed journals from different academic disciplines, which has Q1 and Q2 Scopus quartile, where Q1 is occupied by the top 25% of journals in the list and Q2 is occupied by journals in the 25 to 50% group. According to (Centre, 2017) the most reputable journals within a subject area are those which occupy the first quartile Q1, followed by Q2 . The list of Indonesian Scopus indexed journals can be seen in the following table: Table 1 Indonesian Scopus indexed journals Academic Science Journal Publisher Scopus Science and Technology Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology (IJoST) UPI Q1 Applied Linguistic Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistic (IJAL) UPI Q2 Mathematics Journal on Mathematics Education (JME) Universitas Brawijaya Q2 Islam Studies Studia Islamika UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Q1 Forestry Forest and Society Universitas Hasanudin Q1 Ten abstracts were selected from each journal, so therefore there are fifty abstracts entirely to be used as the data of this study. The selection is based on several categories, those are: the abstract is taken from the latest journal edition; the abstract must be written in English by an Indonesian or groups of Indonesian writers; the abstract contains the maximum of 250 letters. Instruments Two main frameworks are used to analyze and to compare the recognition of rhetorical patterns and the function of Meta discourse markers of Indonesian Scopus indexed journals’ abstracts. First, this study adopted Pho (2008) rhetorical moves in applied linguistics research articles. Five moves analysis of abstract used as the main instrument since it has still rarely used in research studies that analyze the discourse patterns (Pratiwi & Kurniawan, 2021). The overall rhetorical moves pattern proposed by Pho (2008) can be seen in the following table as well as this study took five moves of abstract to analyze the data. https://native-proofreading.com/data-terbaru-58-jurnal-indonesia-terindeks-scopus-2021-silahkan-download/ https://native-proofreading.com/data-terbaru-58-jurnal-indonesia-terindeks-scopus-2021-silahkan-download/ Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |487 Table 2 Rhetorical moves model by Pho (2008) Abstract Move M1 Situating the research M2 Presenting the research M3 Describing the methodology M4 Summarizing the findings M5 Discussing the research Second, this study also applied the classification of textual Meta discourse markers proposed by Dafouz-Milne (2008). This framework is chosen since it equips detailed subclass that not only deal with linguistic but also pragmatic function of Meta discourse (Nurgroho, 2020). The details of types of textual Meta discourse markers can be seen as follow: Table 3 Types of textual Meta discourse markers Dafouz-Milne (2008) Macro-category Subcategory Examples Logical Markers: Additive and/furthermore/in addition/moreover Express semantic Adversative or/however/but relationships between Consecutive as a result/therefore discourse stretches Conclusive finally/in any case Sequencers: Mark particular positions in a series first/second/on the one hand Reminders: Refer back to previous sections in the text Let us return/ as was mentioned before Topicalisers: Indicate topic shifts in political terms/ in the case of Code glosses: Parentheses When (as with the Tories now) Punctuation devices Tax evasion: it is deplored on others Reformulators in other words/that is/to put it simply Illocutionary markers: Explicitly name the act the writer performs I propose/ We hope to persuade Announcements: Refer forwards to future sections in the text there are many good reasons/ as we’ll see Data Analysis Five moves abstract rhetorical patterns proposed by Pho (2008) was used as the ground rule to analyze the data. Move 1 situating the research. It means the writer tries to establish the background of the study; Move 2 implies the research highlight; Move 3 presents information on method, layout, scheme, and hypothesis of the research; Move 4 concludes the results and findings; and Move 5 contains a brief discussion of the research. The first step is to break down the abstracts become Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |488 sentences before they were classified and labeled with the code M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 based on the framework and put them in a table. In terms of Meta discourse markers, the corpus of fifty abstracts were converted into txt format before it inserted into Ant-Conc software version 3.5.6 by Anthony (2018) to yield the word list of abstracts from each academic discipline. Meta discourse markers then being analyzed based on classification proposed by Dafouz-Milne (2008) and reviewed the concordance lines in which the words emerge to assure they rightly function of Meta discourse markers. The numbers of Meta discourse markers found then listed and contrasted to identify whether there are sameness and distinction among academic disciplines. RESULTS FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS Research Findings This segment examines the findings regarding the rhetorical moves of abstracts and the function of textual Meta discourse markers. This segment also intends to convey the objectives of the study: (1) to investigate in case there are similarities or differences of abstracts’ rhetorical moves among Indonesian indexed journals across academic disciplines, and (2) the function and types of textual Meta discourse markers which regarding the management of data to become comprehend and proper for certain goals. Rhetorical moves of abstracts The result analysis of Indonesian Scopus indexed journal abstracts’ rhetorical moves is presented in the following table and figure. Table 4 Rhetorical Moves of Abstract Journal M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 IJoST 4 10 7 10 4 IJAL 7 10 10 10 7 IME 8 10 10 10 5 Studia Islamika 4 10 4 10 4 Forest and Society 9 10 8 10 7 Figure 1. Rhetorical moves of abstracts As can be seen from Table 4 and figure 1 above, we can infer that not all moves were applied in every abstracts. In International Journal of Science and Technology (IJoST), Move 1 (situating the 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 IJoST IJAL JME Studia Islamika Forest and Society Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |489 research) was found in 4 out of 10 abstracts, move 2 (presenting the research) and move 4 (summarizing the findings) were found in the whole 10 abstracts, move 3 (Describing the methodology) was found in 7 out of 10 abstracts, while move 5 (discussing the research) was only found in 4 out of 10 abstracts. In Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistic (IJAL), M1 and M5 were found in 7 out of 10 abstracts while M2, M3, M4 were found in all ten abstracts. In Journal on Mathematics Education (JME), M1 was found in 8 out of 10 abstracts, M2, M3, M4 were found in all 10 abstracts, and M5 was found in 5 out of 10 abstracts. In Studia Islamika, M1 and M3 were found in 4 out of 10 abstracts, M2 and M4 were found in 10 abstracts and M5 was found in 6 out of 10 abs. Meanwhile, in Journal Forest and Society, M1 was found in 9 out of 10 abstracts, M2 and M4 were found in all 10 abstracts, M3 was found in 8 out of 10 abstracts and lastly M5 was found in 7 out of 10 abstracts. Textual Meta Discourse Marker of abstracts Table 5 Summary of textual meta discourse markers found in abstracts Textual Meta discourse markers IJoST Forest and Society Studia Islamika IJAL JME Logical markers 87 101 75 91 90 Sequencers 2 - 2 - 6 Reminders - - - - - Topicalisers 2 2 - - - Code Glosses 5 28 18 23 19 Illocutionary markers 2 4 - 1 3 Announcements - - - - - Total 98 135 95 115 118 As we can see from Table 5 above, Forest and Society abstract contains most textual meta discourse markers with total 135 words, followed by JME (118 words), IJAL (115 words), IJoST (98 words) and Studia Islamika (95 words). The dominant type of meta discourse markers found in all abstract is logical markers, while reminders and announcements do not appear in all abstract. Discussion Move 1 – Situating the research. The function is as the backdrop of the topic. The authors state the universal issue of the research paper in the beginning of abstract. Question asked is what has been known about the field/topic of research? (Tocalo, 2021). Forest and Society becomes the most journal which applied this move in the abstracts (9 out of 10 abstracts), while IJoST and Studia Islamika is the least one which applied this move (4 out of 10 abstracts). The excerpts below illustrate M1 in the abstracts of each journal. IJoST : Autonomous learning has an important role in online learning because teachers cannot directly supervise the student learning process, which makes students themselves responsible for their learning (Haristiani & Rifai, 2021). IJAL : As an old language, Javanese has its uniqueness. The uniqueness of Javanese language is reflected through the use of speech level and the distinctive Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |490 specification in addressing things and activities. Consequently, Javanese language is rich with vocabularies and it has many specific cultural terms in many aspects and activities (Hardiyanti, et al, 2021). JME : Statistical literacy, which is the ability to use statistics in daily life, is an essential skill for facing society 5.0 (Setiawan & Sukoco, 2021). Studia Islamika : There is emergent need to comprehend Islamic law from the standpoint of its practical aspects: that is, how the law is intended to produce certain results, whether it gives expected results, and whether an identifiable result is consistent with the reason for the law as one might have expected (Lukito, 2021). Forest and Society : World Heritage Sites, designated by UNESCO, are a growing phenomenon in global governance. Sites are nominated for their Outstanding Universal Values with the objective of protecting against of protecting against potential threats from man-made or natural causes (Dharmiasih, 2020). Move 2 – Presenting the research. This move is found in all abstracts. Move 2 functions to state the objective of the study and statement of the problems. The main question is what the study about (Tocalo, 2021). Here are the excerpts of M2 from each journal. IJoST : This paper reveals the mechanical behavior of thin-walled columns with pre- folded patterns subjected to compressive loading (Tiawan, 2021). IJAL : This research unfolds the translation techniques used by translator in translating Javanese cultural terms in novel ‘Gadis Kretek’ as well as the translation quality of the English translation (Hardiyanti, et al, 2021). JME : This study aims to explore first-year university students’ ability to properly use simple descriptive statistics and data visualization (Setiawan & Sukoco, 2021) Studia Islamika : This paper investigates how Indonesia’s largest modern Islamic movement, Muhammadiyah, is responding to issues such as environment degradation, global warming and climate change (Effendi, et al, 2021) Forest and Society : This paper studies the relationship between climate variables, namely temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed, and the occurrence of forest fire. Move 3 – Describing the methodology. In this part, the authors describe the methodology, data, subjects, and procedure of the research. The question asked is how was the research done (Tocalo, 2021). IJAL and JME are the journals where this move 3 is found in every abstracts. Here are the excerpts of M3 from each journal IJoST : The review method is carried out in 3 stages: searching and downloading articles, filtering and sorting, and final screening. Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |491 IJAL : This research was designed as a case study involving quantitative and qualitative data analysis, with 15 (fifteen) secondary school teachers as the participants. Data were collected through classroom observations, document (lesson plan) analysis, as well as teachers’ interviews. Quantitative analysis was performed on the teachers’ scores in formulating HOTS questions, while teaching documents and transcripts were coded for qualitative analysis. JME : This research is a qualitative descriptive with an ethnographic approach. The data collection methods are carried out through observation, documentation, interview with an expert in making Barongko cake. Studia Islamika : Using a phenomenological approach, the study analyses these movements in order to better understand their nature and then categories them into three classes. Forest and Society : Critical Institutional Analysis is applied to examine institutional arrangements governing the commons. Move 4 – Summarizing the findings. In this move, the authors report the general results found the in study. The question asked is what did the researcher find? (Tocalo, 2021). Move 4 is found in all abstract of all journals. Here are the excerpts of M4 from each journal. IJoST : The results showed that Gengobot as chatbot-based Japanese grammar learning medium is an interesting and innovative medium to support Japanese autonomous learning because learners can decide how they learn using this application to improve their Japanese grammar skills. IJAL : Although the statistical results revealed no significant difference between the HOTS questioning scores of the teachers in the different regions and years of service, qualitative data suggested that language medium, as shown by the difference between English and Indonesian Language teachers, might be an important factor affecting the abilities of teachers to ask HOT questions, as well as their perception of the applicability of HOTS in their classes. JME : This study obtained different results from the low-ability students who tended to have difficulties understanding the problems and made many errors in solving them. Studia Islamika : This paper reveals the different views of those groups concerning music and hijrah, as well as shows an alternative path amid Islamism and globalization. Forest and Society : Findings highlight some ideas for researchers and policymakers to re- examine blind spots relative to community participation and offer some considerations for more meaningfully engaging local voices, particularly with respect to vulnerable populations and generational transition. Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |492 Move 5 - Discussing the research. The last move is to illustrate the results and the significance of the study. The questions asked are what do the results mean, and so what? (Tocalo, 2021). Here are the excerpts of M5 from each journal. IJoST : This finding can be useful for designing any complex structures requiring specific stiffness and deformation such as suspension devices, prosthetic devices in biomechanics, and robotic structures. IJAL : The inquiry into the teachers’ perceptions of HOTS also displayed a gap between teachers in the bigger city and those in more remote regions, as well as between the novices and the practitioners. JME : Such a condition showed their inability to write the known data and relate the data to other facts they had already learned. Studia Islamika : While MMI focused on the theoretical legal system, Garis was more concerned with the practical realm of law; yet the two are the same in orientation as they are both concerned with how everyday life is regulated for Muslims. Forest and Society : Overall, research on cultural landscapes need not only examine what is being protected, but also must explore the new institutions being established, which can transform sites from within. Meanwhile, logical markers are used to connect different relationships between ideas. These markers describe semantic and structural connection between discourse stretches, and assist readers solve pragmatic relation (Ismail, 2012). Logical markers contain several types; additive (and, in addition, furthermore, moreover), adversative (or, however, but), consecutive (the results, therefore), and conclusive (finally, conclude). Forest and Society displays most logical markers (101), while Studia Islamika contains least logical markers (75). Some concordance lines which highlight the usage of logical markers can be seen below: ➢ … a thin-walled column with irregular shapes, and then to modify its deformability ➢ In addition, it discusses the theoretical formulations … ➢ … located in protected areas, but all tourist service were located in these location ➢ The results showed that Gengobot as a chatbot-based Japanese grammar… ➢ Therefore, this research aims to explore activities in making Barongko…. Sequencers are words that construct and organize the text idea and are used to define a process. These markers show specific position in a series and provide guidance to the readers in the presentation of diverse arguments in a peculiar order (Ismail, 2012). Sequencers are mostly found in Journal on Mathematics and Education (JME) abstracts (6), followed by IJoST (2) and Studia Islamika (2). Below are concordance lines which illustrate the use of sequencers: ➢ The first is that organized by figures affiliated with Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; the second is initiated by Indonesia’s Salafi Utama; and the third has no clear leadership and membership…. Indarti Rhetorical moves and meta… … …. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language teaching, October 2022. Vol.10, No.4 |493 Topicalisers express some type of topic change. These markers are found in IJoST (2) and Forest and Society (2). Here are concordance lines containing topicalisers markers: ➢ …., in this paper, we describe the steps… ➢ In the best case, the current data…. According to Ismail (2012), “Code glosses are markers that explain, rephrase, expand or exemplify propositional content” (p. 1263). These markers are found in all abstracts, mostly in Forest and Society (28), followed by IJAL (23), JME (19), Studia Islamika (18), and IJoST (5). Below are concordance lines containing code glosses markers: ➢ … such as depletion of forest… ➢ … further development such as adding advanced… Meanwhile, illocutionary markers are used to explicit name the act of writer performs through the text (Ismail, 2012). These markers are mostly found in Forest and Society journal abstract (4), followed by JME (3), IJoST (2), and IJAL (1). ➢ Through VOSViewer, we analyzed how many articles… ➢ We also conducted investigator… ➢ We coded and explained … CONCLUSION Based on the results and analysis presented in the previous segments, two general conclusions can be drawn as follow: In terms of the rhetorical move of abstracts, Move 2 and Move 4 became the moves which occur in all journal abstracts. Move 2 is Presenting the research. This move functions to state the objective of the study and statement of the problems. The main question of this move is what the study about (Tocalo, 2021), while Move 4 is Summarizing the findings. In this move, the authors report the general results found the in study. The question asked is what did the researcher find? In IJoST, only 4 out of 10 abstracts applied M1 (Situating the research) and M5 (Discussing the research), while M3 (Describing the methodology) occurs in 7 out of 10 abstracts. 7 out of 10 abstracts in IJAL applied M1 and M5, while in IME 8 out of 10 abstracts applied M1 and 5 out of 10 abstracts contained M5. 4 out of 10 abstracts in Studia Islamika used M1, M3 and M5, while in Journal of Forest and Society, M5 became the least compared of the other four moves found in its abstracts. In terms of meta discourse markers, all journal abstracts employ logical markers and code glosses. Sequencers, topicalisers, and illocutionary markers are used in small numbers, while reminders and announcements are not be found in any abstracts. Regardless of the limited data used in this research, the results could be significant to describe the patterns of abstracts in Indonesian Scopus indexed journals. 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