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Abstract
This research aimed at analyzing and describing the use of multilingual code mixing as one
of communication tool specially conducted in Karang Buyuk, Ampenan. Multilingual Code
Mixing used by the people in Karang Buyuk, Ampenan in daily conversation and
communication among sasak community and other community, people in Karang Buyuk,
Ampenan want to show their solidarity and their prestige in society. The method which was
applied in this research was a descriptive qualitative approach) in this case the writer use
ethnograpy method. The data being analyzed are descriptive data in form of written words
and sentences. The writer used some observation and also interview to collect data and he
record the data. Based on the recording, he makes the transcrip and analysis the data. He
seperated the data based on some criteria such as education level, age, gender, occupation,
topic, and situation. This criteria used by the writer to analysis the data resources, and
answer the research question. Based on the data results of the analysis, some of the
important research finding are stated as follows; Firts people in Karang Buyuk, Ampenan
are varied on some aspects, such as education level, age, occupation, situation and any
other aspect that influence the language. Second, the poeple use code mixing among the
sasak people is to show their prestige in the society, and they are proud in using code
mixing, and if they make the conversation with different ethnic group the people in Karang
Buyuk want to show their solidarity and to avoid the interethnic conflict among the society

Key Words: Language, Multilingual, Code Mixing.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan menjelaskan penggunaan campur-kode
multilingual sebagai alat komunikasi yang dilakukan di Karang Bunyuk, Ampenan.
Campur-kode multilingual yang digunakan oleh masyarakat di Karang Bunyuk, Ampenan
dalam percakapan dan komunikasi sehari-hari di antara komunitas penutur bahasa Sasak
dan komunitas bahasa lainnya yang merupakan cara menunjukkan solidaritas dan
kebanggaan dalam masyarakat. Metode yang diterapkan dalam studi ini adalah kualitatif
dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang dibangun berdasarkan kerangka kerja penelitian
etnografis. Data yang dianalisis berbentuk data deskriptif yang berupa tulisan kata-kata dan
kalimat-kalimat. Peneliti melakukan beberapa kali observasi dan juga wawancara dalam
mengumpulkan dan merekam data. Berdasarkan data rekaman, peneliti membuat transkripsi
kemudian menganalisisnya. Ia memisahkan data berdasarkan beberapa kriteria, seperti
tingkat pendidikan, usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, topik, dan situasi. Kriteria tersebut
digunakan dalam proses analisis data yang kemudian untuk menjawab pertanyaan
penelitian. Berdasarkan data dan analisisnya, peneliti menemukan beberapa hal penting, di
antaranya: pertama, masyarakat Karang Buyuk, Ampenan menunjukkan keragaman dalam
beberapa aspek yang memengaruhi bahasa, seperti tingkat pendidikan, usia, jenis kelamin,
pekerjaan, topik, situasi, dan sebagainya; dan kedua, masyarakat Karang Buyuk, Ampenan
yang beretnis Sasak menggunakan campur-kode untuk menunjukkan kebanggaan mereka
dalam masyrakat, dan mereka bangga menggunakannya. Ketika terlibat dalam percakapan
dengan orang dari etnik lainnya, mereka menggunakan campur-kode untuk menunjukkan
solidaritas dan menghindari konflik dalam masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Bahasa, Multilingual, Campur-kode

      Danul Aristiawan
STIKES YARSI Mataram

danularisetiawan@gmail.com

MULTILINGUAL CODE MIXING IN SASAK LANGUAGE 
INKARANG BUYUK AMPENAN



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INTRODUCTION
Nowdays the influence of

globalization create the culture, life style,
fade away and especially can make effect
to language used, that can be make the
people in sociaty use different mode of
languge, such as the use of code mixing in
a conversation. Additionally the
community in basically are bilingual and
multilingual. Indonesia is one of the
bilingual country and as of developing
country in the world which has hundred
thousand of islands with the milions of
population which has multifarious culture
and language, Indonesia range from
Sabang to Marauke. Lombok island is one
of a part of Indonesia that has different
culture and language than the other.
Therefore, most people in Lombok are
bilinguals, and speak their own ethnic
language (venacular language), which is
called Sasak Language. As well as the
national language, Bahasa Indonesia which
are taught in school and used as their
formal and official mode of
communication (Lyon in Mahyuni, 2006).

Lombok is one of the islands in
Indonesian archipilago, immediately east
of Bali. It is about 4. 682, 35 square
kilometers. Administratively, it consist of
East, Central, and West Lombok, including
Kota Madya, Mataram “Mataram
Municipality”. Mataram is the capital city
of the province of West Nusa Tenggara
(NTB). According to the 2000 census, the
population of the province is 3. 805. 537
people, 2. 684. 466 of whom reside on the
island of Lombok, while the other 1. 121.
071 live on Sumbawa island (Sumbawa,
Bima, and Dompu).

The researcher get the history of
Ampenan  by interview because there is no
literature which researcher use for
guideline. Ampenan are consists of two
word “ Ampan” and “Benang”. before the
dutch army came to Lombok there is a
chief minister to a king his name Arya
Banjar Getas, he needed a help from
Karangasem kingdom. He wait
Karangasem kingdom and their army on

the beach,  at the same time, he fishing on
the beach by pineapple fibrous in sasak
called “Ampan” he used it as thread
“Benang”. And until now  people said
Ampenan. Ampenan is one of the old city
in Lombok. At the time Ampenan is the
center of trade we could see it from the
evidences such as:  harbour, old bulidings,
buddhist monastry, just the harbour
disappeared. From the interview reseacher
get information if the harbour boomed by
the dutch, and now ampenan beach
familiar with “Pantai Bom”. Before the
harbour destroyed many peoples come
from other coutry to selling his product,
Chiness, Arabic, and also dutch the poeple
at the time prospered. Until now days
many offspring from chiness and arabic
stayed in ampenan and built the society
with origin people. Ampenan is one of the
urban area, so thats way they use many
languages in commnunication and
interaction each other. By this reason
sereacher take the data in Karang Buyuk,
Ampenan to analysis the Multilingual
Code Mixing in term of daily
communication.

Apart from those, one of the most
important phenomena is influenced in
language is the use of code mixing by
people who live in Karang Buyuk,
Ampenan in their daily interaction such as:

A  : Bro, ndek te main badminton
bareh ?

B  : Ndek bro, aku yak lalo
touring jok sembalun

A  : Ndekm kadu rent car ?
B : Ndek bro, aku kadu mobil

trevel batur

Furthermore, the researcher will do
this scientific research and to know  way
people use Code Mixing especially in
Karang Buyuk, Ampenan.

Review of Related Literature

Language
In this world, a language

plays very important role especially for
communication in our daily encounters. If



Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 6 No.1, Mei 2018

63

there is no language, the world be quite
because the human being can not express
their felling, emotion, desire, and their
idea. There, the existence of it has been
making people arround the world to
communacate to each other. Blair (1990)
assert “ this means you have the capacity
to produce sounds that signify certain
meaning and to understandof interpret the
sound produce by others”.

Every body knows that human being
has two roles in life, namely : human being
as individual creature and human being as
social one. As a social creature, of course
needs a tool or a device for communication
or even interaction. That’s way human
being life creates a language for intercting
and communicating with others. Language
is one of human devices which have an
important role. Language is when two
people or more communicate with each
other in speach , language is a communal
possession and admittedly an abtract one
(Wardhaugh 2006). Language is as a
systematic way of combining smaller units
into larger units for the purpose of
communication

Language , Society and Culture
Generally, a language is a system

which operates with symbolic vocal sounds
and which is used by group of people for
the purposes of communication. According
to Anderson, (2005) stated that language is
a system of sound, arranged from arbitrary
symbols it has unique character. Language
is built up from our behavior; language is
tool for communication, which has
interaction with our culture. Where, human
being without language seems like auto car
without steer. How do we control the car if
there is no steer? If we cannot control the
car, we will never arrive at the destination.
It is the illustration how important the
language for human being is. By language,
we can express our ideas, feeling, desires,
and emotion to make the others understand
and perhaps they will respond it if we want
it. There are several relationships bettwen
language and society : social stucture,
lingustic stucture, bi-directional, language

and society is independent ( Wardhaugh,
2006).

Society and language are so closely
related that society cannot be said to stand
“ out there” separated from a language
whose task it is to reflect it as some
linguists put it, “ language is a reality-
creating social practice”. This statement is
in line with Bernstein’s hypothesis
(Gumperz and Hymes, 1972) which says
that social relationships act as intervening
variables between linguistic structures and
their realization in speech. Language that
people produce is not a random entity, but
it must be rule-governed. So far linguists
have found out that there are so many
sociolinguistic variables involved in
realizing a stretch of expression in the form
of language. Those variables or linguistic
features vary in form and have social
significance (McKay and Hornberger,
1997).

The researcher, research about
language to understand that language and
how it works, and to understand how the
people use them. Halliday (1992) stated
that the functions of language are that
language is need for telling (oral) and
written, listening and reading, they hoped
will get many targets or purposes. And
according to Wardhaugh ( 2006) language
is a set of item. In Hudsen (1996) calls
“lingustic items” such entities as sounds,
words, grammatical structures and so on.

Anderson and Stageberg (1980)
divided the basic function of language into
three parts such as; informative function,
expressive function, and directive
functions.
1) Informative Function is to
communicate information which used to
affirm or deny prepositions or to present
argument. These functions are described
important or unimportant things, general or
particular, and any other information to be
reported informatively.
2) Expressive Function is used to
communicate feeling or emotions.
Expressive function can be found in poetry



Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, Vol. 6 No.1, Mei 2018

64

which showing feeling and expression
about something.
3) Directive Function,“Language serves
the directive function when used for the
purpose of causing (or preventing) overt
action. This function can be commands and
requests.
(Anderson and Stageberg, 1980)

Generally, a language is a system
which operates with symbolic vocal sounds
and which is used by group of people for
the purposes of communication. According
to Anderson, (2005) stated that language is
a system of sound, arranged from arbitrary
symbols it has unique character. Language
is built up from our behavior; language is
tool for communication, which has
interaction with our culture. Where, human
being without language seems like auto car
without steer. How do we control the car if
there are no steer? If we cannot control the
car, we will never arrive at the destination.
It is the illustration how important the
language for human being is. By language,
we can express our ideas, feeling, desires,
and emotion to make the others understand
and perhaps they will respond it if we want
it.

The researcher, researches about
language to understand that language and
how it works, and to understand how the
people use them. Halliday (1992,) stated
that the functions of language are that
language is need for telling (oral) and
written, listening and reading, they hoped
will get many targets or purposes.
Many kinds of language uses in the world
and every part of language there structures
and rules for the language it can be in
grammar, and many aspect such as;
semantics, syntaxes, psycholinguistic,
discourse, sociolinguistic and others.
However, every language changes and
develop or maybe new term or vocabulary
in those language because of the situation
and conditions.

Language is not only instrument for
the communication of messages. This
becomes especially clear in Multilingual
communities where various groups have

their own language. e.g. English and
Arabic in Sasak . With its language group
distinguishes itself. The cultural norms and
values of a group are transmitted by its
language. The group fellings are
emphasized by using the group’s own
language, and member of out-group are
included from its internal transactions
(Giles et al., in Appel, 1987). Therefore it
is a common assumption in sociolinguistics
- an assumption which is validated by
many personal observation and research
data – that languages carry social meanings
or social connotations. If a language has
social meaning, people will evaluate it in
relation to the social status of its users.
Their language attitudes will be social
attitudes.

RESERACH METHOD
The research of this study is

descriptive qualitative research, in this
research, researcher use ethnography
method to collect the data. This research is
also a qualitative one since all the data
collection is in the form of words.  The
using of this is appropriate with the
purpose of the study that is explaining
about Multilingual Code Mixing in Sasak
Language. It will describe the aspects of
code mixing in Karang Buyuk, Ampenan.
Researcher has one research questions
dealing with Multilingual Code Mixing in
Sasak Language in Ampenan, from this
research questions the writer try to analyse
why people use code mixing in daily
conversation. As we know that Karang
Buyuk is one of the appropriate place to
get the accurat data, in this place many
ethnic and offspring stayed long time.
Reseacher interest to analyse way they use
multilingual code mixing in daily
communication. By using recording
technique the writer could colect the data
of their multilingul (Wei and Moyer,
2008). To analyse the data researcher
seperete the data resoucer based on  age,
occupation, education, and gender to get
the accurate data to analyse (Fishman in
Holmes, 1992)



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FINDING AND DISCUSSION

Finding
There are some reason why paople in

Karang Buyuk use Code Mixing in
commmunication, beside Ampenan as the
multiculture and multingual it makes lot of
influnce of language used in Karang
Buyuk ampenan, some reason are as
follows :

Code Mixing as a tool of Interethnic
Solidarity

By using Code Mixing people in
Karang Buyuk Ampenan especially sasak
people want to show that they are welcome
to other enthnic. Code Mixing usage can
avoid interethnic conflict ware occure
because of  misunderstanding among the
society, this misunderstanding can avoid if
the people have a tool to delivere the
message to the other. So, Code Mixing as a
tool to delivere the message and can make
other ethnic essy to interpret the message
and can  get the point of some information
in appropriate interpretation.

Code Mixing as Mediator in
Interpretation of Communicative
Messages

This function had shown by
Gumperz’s in Holmes (1992,) he asserts
that code mixing could interpret messages
in communicative interactions. While it
has indeed provided a comprehensive list
of macro contextual aspect of
communication (e.g role relationship,
physical and social setting,attitudes, social
velues, messages forms and content, etc), it
fails at least to some extent , to show how
meaning are actually interpreted,
contructed, and negotiated during
interaction.

Discussion
Based on the results of the data

analysis, The study found several aspects
of language use that enable the local
people to share solidarity among
themselves. Not only do they share a
common identity of being migrants to the
area, but they also view themselves as

having a common culture and a language
through which their status as a collective
communal groups is encoded. I have
shown also that the features of the various
ethnic languages are adopted to make those
of the common language. In this way the
study suggests  that multuculturism in
Karang Buyuk Ampenan has been evident
not only in demographic and cultural facts
but also in linguistic ones. From the
finding, Sasak people in Karang Buyuk,
Ampenen want to show how they were
friendly to other ethnic and also they want
to show the prestige to others if be able to
communicate multilingul.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion
The writer concludes that the people

use Code Mixing in conversation is to
show the Sasak solidarity especially the
Karang Buyuk people to other ethnic who
lives in this place, because there are some
factors influnce of Code Mixing occur in
the society such as Karang Buyuk is one of
the urban area in Ampenan, So many
people come from other ethnic and stayed
as the neighbor and make the relationship
as a new society, by using Code Mixing
the people can essy to interpreted the
messages in appropriate way. And by using
Code Mixing the people can show their
solidarity each other and this can avoid the
interethnic conflict and also the pople use
code mixing among sasak people is to
show their prestige to each other.

Suggestion
Based on the conclusion it can be

said that Code Mixing is useful in
multicultural and multilingual people, the
inter ethnic conflict firstly from the
misunderstanding of the people in interpret
the meaning of communication. At least
after doing the difficulties of being
concerned with discourse analysis, the
writer would like to contribute suggestion
for the readers and the future researchers.
We know that discourse is study of
language in context or in use that related to
many aspects of human life. There is no



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thing that can be separated from language,
that is why this study is really crucial to be
learn more and more.

Knowing linguistics or discourse by
analyzing them, it essential in order to get
a better understanding about the theories of
language and how they are applied in
either spoken or written language
interaction or communication. This can be
done both through the linguistics point of
view, researcher suggest that this kind of
research not only apply in spoken form of
language like what the researcher has done
but also in written as well. Future more,
there are so many aspects is social life to
be chosen as the theme of a research.

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Anderson, 2005. L2 Learning Strategies.

Mahwah. Lawrence Erlbaum
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Blair, R. 1982. Innovative approaches to
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Danesi, Marcel and Perron, Paul, 1999.
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Glanz, Jeffrey, 1998. Action Research : An
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Halliday, M. 1973. Explorations in the
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Holmes, Janet, 1992. An Introduction to
Sociolinguistics. Longman and New
York.

Hymes, D. 1974. Foundations in
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Mahyuni, 2006. Speech Style and Cultural
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Wardhugh, Ronald, 2006. An Introduction
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Wei, Li and G. Moyer, Melisa, 2008.
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Yusra, Kamaludin, 2012. Language and
Social Solidarity, Cerdas Press