Journal of large-scale research facilities, 2, A69 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 Published: 09.05.2016 ALICE: A di�ractometer/re�ectometer for soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering at BESSY II Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie * Instrument Scientists: - Dr. Radu-Marius Abrudan, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, phone: +49 30 8062-13445, email: radu-marius.abrudan@helmholtz-berlin.de - Dr. Florin Radu, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, phone: +49 30 8062-12951, email: �orin.radu@helmholtz-berlin.de Abstract: Although the chamber named ALICE was designed for the analysis of magnetic hetero- and nanostructures with resonant magnetic x-ray scattering, the instrument is not limited to this tech- nique. Static measurements involve the possibility to use scattering and spectroscopy synchrotron based techniques (photon-in photon-out, photon-in electron-out, and coherent scattering). Dynamic experiments require either laser or magnetic �eld pulses to excite the spin system followed by x-ray probe in the time domain from nano- to femtosecond delay times. In this temporal range, the demag- netization/remagnetization dynamics and magnetization precession in a number of magnetic materials (metals, alloys, and magnetic multilayers) can be probed in an element speci�c manner. The versatility of the instrument was tested by a series of pilot experiments, pointing out ALICE as one of the most demanded instruments at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. 1 Introduction The ALICE chamber was built as a di�ractometer/re�ectometer for XRMS applications and is in op- eration since December 2002. It combines a two-circle goniometer with an accessible range of 175° in 2Θ. A magnetic �eld of ±7.1 kOe is available with a yoke that can rotate freely within the horizontal scattering plane. The whole chamber is mounted on a support frame and can thus be moved to various places (undulator or dipole beamlines) within the experimental hall, depending on the requirements of the experiment and beamtime allocation. The sample holders are mounted on a cold-�nger of a Janis �ow cryostat that can be run with both LN2 or LHe, where in the latter case sample temperatures down to 10 K can be reached. *Cite article as: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie. (2016). ALICE: A di�ractometer/re�ectometer for soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering at BESSY II. Journal of large-scale research facilities, 2, A69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 1 http://jlsrf.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of large-scale research facilities, 2, A69 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 Di�erent sample holders can be accommodated on the sample manipulator. In the most common situ- ation the samples are �xed vertically, perpendicular to the scattering plane and can rotate in the x-ray beam from normal to grazing incidence. Use of di�erent signal channels is provided, including To- tal Electron Yield (TEY), Florescence Yield (FY), photo-diode (PD), and avalanche detector for XRMS. Depending on the sample holder used, di�erent detector signals can also be measured simultaneously. Figure 1: View of the ALICE chamber. 2 Instrument application Samples: • Single �lms • Multilayers • Bulk samples • Solid samples • Al membranes • SiN membranes 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 Journal of large-scale research facilities, 2, A69 (2016) Measurements: • Spectroscopy (TEY, TR, FY, XMCD, XMLD) • Scattering (XRMS, Speckles) • Holography Experiments: • Static • Dynamic (pump-probe) Figure 2: Static experiments consists in x-ray scattering on magnetic multilayers (a) or x-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron yield or transmission geometry (b). Dynamic study of the magnetization precession in magnetic coupled layers (c) or laser pump x-ray probe experiments to study magnetization dynamics in magnetic alloys (d). 3 Technical data Monochromator Available at: dipole beamlines and undulator beamlines Scattering Plane Horizontal Experiment in Vacuum 10−8 mbar Temperature range (on the sample) 10 - 475 K Angular resolution 0.005° Detector slit 30 µm - 2 mm Magnetic �eld Up to 0.7 T Detectors Si diode & APD diodes Manipulator Motorized XYZ XY resolution 1 µm Z resolution 0.01 mm Janis cryostat Table 1: Technical parameters of the ALICE chamber. 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of large-scale research facilities, 2, A69 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 References Abrudan, R., Brüssing, F., Salikhov, R., Meermann, J., Radu, I., Ryll, H., . . . Zabel, H. (2015). ALICE—An advanced re�ectometer for static and dynamic experiments in magnetism at synchrotron radiation facilities. Review of Scienti�c Instruments, 86(6), 063902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921716 Grabis, J., Nefedov, A., & Zabel, H. (2003). Di�ractometer for soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering. Review of Scienti�c Instruments, 74(9), 4048-4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1602932 Radu, F., Abrudan, R., Radu, I., Schmitz, D., & Zabel, H. (2012). Perpendicular exchange bias in ferri- magnetic spin valves. Nature Communications, 3, 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1728 Salikhov, R., Abrudan, R., Brüssing, F., Buschhorn, S., Ewerlin, M., Mishra, D., . . . Zabel, H. (2011). Precessional dynamics and damping in Co/Cu/Py spin valves. Applied Physics Letters, 99(9), 092509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3633115 Valencia, S., Crassous, A., Bocher, L., Garcia, V., Moya, X., Cheri�, R. O., . . . Bibes, M. (2011). Interface-induced room-temperature multiferroicity in BaTiO3. Nature Materials, 10, 753–758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3098 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-83 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921716 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1602932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1728 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3633115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3098 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Introduction Instrument application Technical data