MEV


 

 

Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 

 

Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, 

and Vehicular Technology 
 

e-ISSN: 2088-6985  

p-ISSN: 2087-3379  

 

 

www.mevjournal.com 
 

 

 

doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2017.v8.1-10 
2088-6985 / 2087-3379 ©2017 Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM LIPI).  

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).  

Accreditation Number: (LIPI) 633/AU/P2MI-LIPI/03/2015 and (RISTEKDIKTI) 1/E/KPT/2015. 

A compact design of multi-feeder data logging system for power quality 

measurement with a multiplexer and a single PQ transducer 
 

Hendri Novia Syamsir a,*, Dalila Mat Said b, Yusmar Palapa Wijaya a 
a Electronics Engineering, Polytechnic Caltex Riau, Jl. Umbansari No 1 Rumbai, Pekanbaru, Riau 28265, Indonesia 

b Centre of Electrical Energy Systems (CEES), University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia  

 
Received 10 February 2016; received in revised form 23 December 2016; accepted 26 December 2016 

Published online 31 July 2017 

 
 

Abstract 

This paper presents a simple and costs effective equipment design multi-feeder data logger for recording and monitoring 

power quality. The system design uses remote supervising and multi-feeder data logging system (RESMOS). The data collected 

through resmos portable unit (RMPU) will automatically be saved with the format as binary and comma separated value (CSV). 

The time setting on the RMPU can be configured with minimum one minute per logging. This data logger uses a single 

transducer with a multiplexer for recording and monitoring ten channels of power quality at busbar. The system design has been 

validated with national metrology laboratory scientific and industrial research institute of Malaysia (SIRIM). This tool has the 

advantage that it can be used to measure harmonic data more than 21st at the same time for ten channels and equipped with 

software making it easier for analysis data with low operational costs versus another power quality equipment. The experimental 

results indicate that the proposed technique can accelerate data reading with conversion rate one sample per second for each 

channel. The device can be used to measure harmonic level and power quality with a confidence level above 95% and percentage 

error under 2.43% for total harmonics distortion (THD) and 1.72% for voltage harmonics. 

©2017 Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences. This is an open access article 

under the CC BY-NC-SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).  

Keywords: harmonic; power quality; measurement; data logging; multi-feeder 

 

 

I. Introduction 

Traditionally, measurements are taken using a 

variety of measuring instruments, each of which 

requires a particular skill for obtaining readings. If the 

detailed data are needed by a certain time interval, the 

measurement should be repeated in the interval of 

time and for a very short time interval, for example, a 

few seconds, measurement cannot be done manually.  

In the 1970's and 80's first personal computer was 

developed, and with the development of the personal 

computer, people began to use computers for data 

analysis, data storage, and report generation. The need 

to bring data into the PC is a new special-purpose 

device for data logging. This data must be transferred 

to the PC for analysis, permanent storage, and report 

generation. Data is typically transferred either by 

manually moving a storage device of the data logger 

to the computer or by connecting the data logger to the 

PC through some communications link such as serial 

port, USB, wireless or ethernet. 

Data logging is the measurement and recording of 

physical or electrical parameters over a period and 

used to collect readings, or output, from sensors a data 

logger is an electronic instrument that records 

environmental parameters or industrial parameters 

such as pressure, temperature, relative humidity, solar 

radiation, wind speed and direction, light intensity, 

water level, and water quality over time. This 

instrument is stand-alone, box instruments that 

measure signals, convert to digital data, and store the 

data internally. Although data loggers are used in 

many industries from space exploration to oil refining, 

to drag racing, this research will be focusing on their 

application for power quality monitoring, especially 

harmonic. Typically, data loggers are compact, 

battery-powered devices that are equipped with 

microprocessor input channels and data storage. Most 

data loggers utilize turnkey software on a personal 

computer to initiate the logger and view the collected 

 
 

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +62 813 6333 3978 

E-mail address: hendri.fte@gmail.com 

https://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2017.v8.1-10
http://u.lipi.go.id/1436264155
http://u.lipi.go.id/1434164106
http://mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/index
https://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2017.v8.1-10
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
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 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 2 

data. Data logger is a good option, to gather some data 

for the future analysis on PC. 

This study developed the equipment as research 

product output for recording and monitoring power 

quality problem using remote supervising techniques 

and multi-feeder data logging system [1, 2]. The 

equipment can measure and analyze the power quality 

problem, particularly harmonic problem measurement 

and the data can be saved over long test periods and 

analyzed with appropriate software. We had also 

developed the software to support practitioners to be 

easy and understand the analyzing power quality 

problem measurement. 

II. Power quality problem and harmonic 
measurement 

Harmonic problem issue is critical and heavy 

impacted by power quality problem [3, 4]. It is caused 

by interferences that have two causes such as loads 

with non-linear current-voltage-characteristics and 

non-steady operation. Equipment to monitor or record 

the harmonic is necessary for practitioners in electrical 

products to know the harmonic problem when they are 

testing the prototype of electrical products. 

Remote supervising technique is powerful 

techniques to record measurement of power quality 

because it can do fundamental measurement such as 

voltage (R, Y, B), current (R, Y, B, N), power factors 

(R, Y, B), and also harmonic measurement as 

secondary measurement such as the voltage total 

harmonic distortion (R, Y, B), the voltage harmonics 

value for odd harmonics up to 21st harmonic level (R, 

Y, B), and current total harmonic distortion (R, Y, B). 

A monitoring system for recording measurement of a 

power quality problem can be easy and less cost by 

using multi-feeder data logging system. This tool only 

uses a single transducer with a multiplexer to monitor 

from many feeders and many types of power quality 

measurement simultaneously. On the other hands, 

multi-feeder data logging system designed to operate 

in a harsh environment area which works like a 

paperless recorder, storing data in memory at a rate 

which is much longer than the time required for the 

electrical industry. It is important to understand the 

type of power quality problem and their measurement. 

Type of power quality problem can be divided into 

two basic categories i.e. the disturbances and steady 

state [5, 6]. Disturbances are measured by triggering 

on an abnormally in the voltage or the current. Steady 

state variation has normal rood mean square (RMS) 

voltages or the current and harmonic distortion. 

Measurement of power quality can be described 

through monitoring quality of voltage, current, power 

factors, and harmonic distortion [7, 8]. 

Harmonics are electric voltages and currents that 

appear on the electric power system as a result of 

certain kinds of electric loads [9, 10]. Harmonic 

frequencies in the power grid are a frequent that cause 

power quality problems. One of the major effects of 

power system harmonics is the increasing the current 

in the system [11]. This is particularly the case for the 

third harmonic, which causes a sharp increase in the 

zero sequence current, and therefore, increases the 

current in the neutral conductor. This effect can 

require special consideration in the design of an 

electric system to serve non-linear loads. In addition to 

the increased line current, different pieces of electrical 

equipment can suffer effects from harmonics on the 

power system. 

Effect of harmonics can be divided into two 

categories i.e. the effect of voltage harmonics and 

current harmonics [5, 6, 12]. Harmonic voltages and 

currents in an electric power system are a result of 

non-linear electric loads. Harmonic frequencies in the 

power grid are a frequent cause of power quality 

problems. Harmonics in power systems result in 

increased heating in the equipment and conductors, 

misfiring in variable speed drives, and torque 

pulsations in motors. Harmonics in power systems 

result in increased heating in the equipment and 

conductors, misfiring in variable speed drives, and 

torque pulsations in motors. The current of harmonic 

effect is of significance. These harmonic current 

components cause additional losses in the windings 

and other structural parts. For a transformer winding 

turns which consist of small strands, skin effect or the 

current redistribution due to internal current is usually 

assumed to be negligible [13, 14]. 

There are many measurements employed to 

describe the harmonic on a power system. This study 

used three measurements of harmonic i.e. voltage 

harmonic, current harmonic, and total harmonic 

distortion for current and voltage. 

A. Voltage total harmonic distortion 

A pure voltage or current sine wave has no 

distortion and no harmonics. Therefore, voltage total 

harmonic distortion (VTHD) is zero. The non-

sinusoidal wave has distortion and harmonics. To 

quantify the distortion, the VTHD as a percentage is 

used to show how badly a waveform is distorted on a 

pure sine wave [3, 5]. Hence, VTHD is defined as 

below: 

𝑉𝑇𝐻𝐷 =
√∑ 𝑣ℎ

2∞
ℎ=2

𝑉1
 (1) 

𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑉1√1 + 𝑉𝑇𝐻𝐷
2 (2) 

with 𝑣ℎ is voltage harmonic, 𝑉1is voltage line and 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠  
is root mean square voltage. 

B. Current total harmonic distortion  

Definition of current total harmonic distortion 

(ITHD) is not relative similar with voltage total 

harmonic distortion [5, 15]. The current distorted can 

cause increased losses in the end-user and utility 

power system components. The effect is a decrease in 

the power factor and increases reactive power. Hence, 

current total harmonic distortion (ITHD) is defined as 

below: 

𝐼𝑇𝐻𝐷 =
√∑ 𝐼ℎ

2∞
ℎ=2

𝐼1
 (3) 

𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼1√1 + 𝐼𝑇𝐻𝐷1
2 (4) 



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 3 

with 𝐼ℎ  is current harmonic, 𝐼1is current line, and 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠  
is root mean square current. 

C. The total power factor  

Total power factor or true power factor can be 

calculated by considering the effect of harmonic in the 

system, as follows: 

𝑝𝑓 = (
𝑃

𝑉1𝐼1
) (

1

√(1+𝑉𝑇𝐻𝐷)2(1+𝐼𝑇𝐻𝐷)2
) (5) 

in which 𝑝𝑓 is power factor and 𝑃 is power. 

III. Design consideration for power quality 
data logger 

A typical online diagram measurement of a power 

substation network is shown in Figure 1. The portable 

master unit, three phase line, and current transformer 

are main components in the typical online diagram 

measurement of power substation network. L1, L2, L3 

are the three line that will be measured, and N is the 

neutral current. Each flow was measured using the 

current transformer (CT). Its compact size – the unit 

will fit into various types of substations or Electrical 

Distribution Point for both 1P/3P systems i.e. standard 

sub, compact and pole mounting substation, feeder-

pillars, and main switchboard cabinets. 

Terminate voltage signal cables that figure the 

crocodile clip is used tohn measure red voltage (VR), 

yellow voltage (VY), blue voltage (VB) phase, neutral 

(N), and earth (E). Terminate of voltage crocodile 

figured should be clipped on the bus bar that has three 

voltage phases i.e. red, yellow, blue voltage phase, and 

also in earth (E) and neutral (N). This determination 

process is actually reversible of the termination 

process meaning that the operation must determinate 

neutral N followed by earth E and each phase (VR, 

VY, VB). After the terminating process completed, 

the user must switch two CPU switches such as 

transducer TX and auxiliary AUX switch. The 

rebooting system needed 10-15 seconds, and the 

system will run default setting of software. The user 

can change program setting and active channel by 

connection two RS-232 cables to communication 

board system and notebook and run the program of 

terminal communication. Most PC or notebook has 2 

COM port which serial RS232 communication 

compatible. 

The commonly use setting to establish a serial 

RS232 communication is 9600 baud rate, none parity 

8 data bits, and 1 stop bit [1, 2]. As this project relates 

with data collection, thus the data obtained from the 

transducer needs to be collected and saved. This can 

be done by using the graphical user interface (GUI) 

monitoring system where it automatically saves the 

data received in a comma separated values (CSV) file.  

A. Motherboard and daughterboard design 

To reduce the footprint size of the multiplexer, a 

concept of motherboard and daughterboard is used as 

shown in Figure 2. The figure also illustrates the 

method of assembly of the system which is by using a 

stacked implementation approach. 

1) Double-wide motherboard (DW motherboard) 

The DW motherboard only allows phase current 

passing through itself, but the phase voltage is 

monitored directly by the voltage sensor. The phase 

current and phase voltage have to pass through the 

multiplexer before being captured by the transducer. 

The neutral current can only be monitored if the DW 

Daughterboard is stack in the DW Motherboard. 

2) Double-wide daughterboard (DW daughterboard) 

The DW Daughterboard is designed just to 

monitor the neutral current to all feeders (2 Incoming 

and 8 Outgoing). The Daughterboard design concept 

allows the inclusion of additional relays to enable the 

monitoring of neutral current to all feeders without 

having to increase the footprint size of the system unit. 

The DW Daughterboard size is smaller than the DW 

Motherboard because the number (quantity) of the 

DS2Y relays type on the daughterboard is 12 pieces, 

while DW Motherboard has 30 DS2Y relays. This 

board can activate only if it is stacked on the 

motherboard because the DW Motherboard controls 

the entire channel in the DW Daughterboard.  

 

L1 L2 L3 N

Configsys

Setting

Download

Com 1

 

Figure 1. Typical online diagram measurement of a substation network 



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 4 

B. Transducer specification 

The power transducer CT1700 is an instrument 

that measures, calculates, and displays all main 

electrical parameters at any electrical network 

(balanced or not). The measuring is true RMS value, 

through three AC voltage inputs 240V and three AC 

current inputs (from Current Transformers 100/5A). It 

is featured by its high measuring accuracy and easy 

assembly mode. It can be integrated into a 

communication network through its built-in-RS232 

output by just using Modbus standard protocol. 

C. Remote supervising techniques 

The remote supervising technique is a tool to 

measure and monitor the power quality in distribution. 

Figure 3 depicted the relationship between remote 

sensing than the power distribution and power system. 

Remote supervising has three components i.e. 

portable master unit (RMPU), terminal communicator 

program and software analyzer system. RMPU 

equipment is designed as a portable unit for easy 

handling, transportation, and installation. The function 

of the transducer CT 1700 is converting the electrical 

signal to digital signal. The communicator program 

enables the technician to communicate with the 

RMPU. It can run on a notebook or desktop PC. 

Analyzer software is a fundamental component that is 

used to record among measurement of power quality. 

The analyzer program runs through Windows 

95/98/Xp/win7 operating platform. It maintains the 

substation database containing monitored data such as 

line current, line voltage, neutral current, phase angle, 

power factor, active power, reactive power, apparent 

power, and substation configuration. Computerized 

electrical load monitoring and data acquisition system 

for general power industry application divided into 

three major modules namely display, data record, and 

software general specifications. 

1) Display 

The display form of the data logger is to view the 

measurement data that are being recorded. The display 

function can view live data and historical data. Live 

data display to view data as it is being acquired and 

many stand-alone data loggers have a live data display 

integrated into the box with them. Historical data 

display data that was previously acquired. Most stand-

alone data loggers are required to move data to a PC 

for historical viewing. With PC-based data logging 

applications, both live display and historical display 

are combined into the same user interface. Figure 4 

shows an example of data displayed the total harmonic 

distortion for voltage with the available software 

analyzer, and Figure 5 shows the harmonic spectrum 

for current. Figure 6 shows the view on the screen of 

data logger under DOS using C++ direct from RMPU 

at the offline condition. 

DS2y Relay

SW/DW Daughterboard

34 pin PG Back socket

SW/DW Motherboard

 

Figure 2. Stack design motherboard 

 

MULTIPLEXER

PQ

Transducer ( Dos,C++)

PC

Windows ( VB 6)

Data ”Csv” format

Data Storage ( CF)

“Binary” format

Setting

Download

Substation

Current transducer

Voltage 

3 Phase

Com 1Com 2
CPU

Terminal communicator program 

and software analyzer system

S
e

n
s
o

r te
m

p
e

ra
tu

re

Channel

7

8

9

Temp1

Temp2

Temp3

Temp4

Temp1

Temp2

Temp3

Temp4

Temp1

Temp2

Temp3

Temp4

Channel 0...6

(IR,IY,IB,IN)

T
e

m
p

e
r
a

tu
r
e

 

Figure 3. Remote supervising technique communicator 

 



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 5 

2) Data record 

Each data collected through RMPU will 

automatically be formatted both as binary and comma 

separated value (CSV). This CSV format is purposely 

for viewing in Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Excel can 

be used to copy and paste the data operations. The 

time setting on the RMPU can be configured with set 

the minimum one minute per logging. Software 

analyzer can take the data from the database while 

communicator can download the data from RMPU to 

store and transfer them to the database server. Finally, 

software analyzer will be used to convert data into a 

database. 

3) Software general specifications 

Table 1 describes the specification of software 

general developed that are detailed by description, 

type of OS/RMPU, communication software, and 

analyzer software. Analyzer program supports 

harmonic data, for instance, VTHD, voltage 

 

Figure 4. Graphic view on screen for voltage THD 

 

 
Figure 5. Graphic view on screen harmonic current 

Table 1. 

Software general developed 

Description Operation System Communicator 

Development Tools Borland C++ MS Visual basic 6.0 

Operating Platform MS-DOS MS Windows (95/98/ME/XP,win7) 

Site/Location Substation Substation 

Brief Functional 

Specifications 
 Control data flow 

 Format the structure of data 

 Log Date & Time 

 Log Voltage (Red, Yellow, Blue) 

 Log Current (Red, Yellow, Blue, Neutral) 
Log Power Factor(Red, Yellow, Blue) 

 Allow configuration to be made to RMPU through Windows 
environment 

 Allow data to be stored to a notebook before transferring to 
end user database 

 Download & Save data as 
1. CSV (*.csv) 

2. Binary (*.bin) 

 

 

 



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 6 

harmonics, ITHD, and current harmonic. There would 

be dramatically changed to the database regarding size, 

the data stored, and the definitions of the table. Figure 

7 shows the system and data flow diagram. Four types 

of harmonic value identified to be used in Software 

Analyzer database are: 

1. Harmonic current 
2. Harmonic voltage 
3. Current THD 
4. Voltage THD 

Table 2 describes phase, channel (feeder), and 

level for each harmonic. The total database table for 

harmonic value is 363, such as the following 

calculation. The complete calculation of this total 

database table for harmonic value is expressed in 

equation (6) to equation (10).  

THC =  𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑥 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑥 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 (6) 

THV =  𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑥 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 (7) 

TCTHD = 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑥 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙  (8) 

TVTHD =  𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 (9) 

TDT =  𝑇𝐻𝐶 + 𝑇𝐻𝑉 + 𝑇𝐶𝑇𝐻𝐷 + 𝑇𝑉𝑇𝐻𝐷  (10) 

where THC  is total harmonic current, THV  is total 
harmonic voltage, TCTHD  is total current THD , 
TVTHD  is total voltage THD,  and TDT  is total 
database table for harmonic.  

 

Figure 6. View on screen data logger under DOS using C++ direct from RMPU at offline condition 

 

 

Analysis Particular Graph

Table Report

Feeder

Analysis

Particular

Browser

Substation

Summary

Voltage

Analysis

Individual substation Group of Subtation

Substation

- Voltage

- Current

- Power Factor

- Harmonic

- Particular

1.0

OS

Temporary

Database

Data

Transfer

2.0

Terminal

Communicator

Data

Download

Temporary

Database

Data

Download

3.0

Analyzer

Database

Data Upload &

Download LAN

Enable

- Voltage

- Current

- Power Factor

- Harmonic

- Particular

  

Figure 7. System and data flow diagram 

 

Table 2. 
Total channel, phase, and level for each type of harmonic 

Type of harmonic Phase Channel (Feeder) Level 

Harmonic current R, Y, B 10 Channel 21 (odd level) 

Harmonic voltage R, Y, B - 21 (odd level) 

Current THD R, Y, B 10 Channel - 

Voltage THD R, Y, B - - 

 

 

 



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 7 

IV. Data logging and result 

This logger is used to log the harmonic data at 

three different types of loads which are industrial, 

residential, and office building. The data was logged 

for one day with an interval time of one minute. From 

the formatted data in binary and comma separated 

value (CSV), then the data transfer to Excel format. In 

this format, the spectrum of harmonic and a trend of 

total harmonic distortion over time was plotted. Figure 

8, Figure 9, and Figure 10 show the current harmonic 

spectrum for the residential, commercial, and 

industrial building. The total harmonic distortions for 

residential are 15.02%, 4.77%, and 0.93%, 

commercial are 3.6%, 3.02%, and 3.52% and 

industrial are 8.52%, 7.78%, and 7.45% for phase R, 

Y, and B respectively. 

V. Result and discussion 

Table 3 and Table 4 describe Certificate of 

Calibration National Metrology Laboratory by SIRIM 

Malaysia for each phase. Refer to statistic calculation 

it is found that the confidence level meets the 

requirement of the national standard by SIRIM. It 

shows that the data are valid with the confidence level 

above 95%. 

This data logger was compared with Power 

Quality Analyzer Fluke 435. The data were taken from 

three different locations. The comparison data is 

shown in Table 5, Table 6, and Table 7. 

Figure 11, Figure 12, and Figure 13 show the 

graph of percent harmonic current number three for 

phase R, Y, and B respectively. The comparable data 

sets agree on each other. 

 
Table 3. 

Certificate of calibration national metrology laboratory by SIRIM for voltage harmonic fundamental: 50 Hz, 240 V 

Harmonic no 
Error (%) *Uncertainty ± (%) 

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 

3 0.24 0.18 0.22 0.14 0.04 0.10 

5 -1.07 -1.24 -1.48 0.03 0.11 0.14 

7 -0.95 -1.09 -1.82 0.03 0.11 0.14 

9 -0.83 -0.02 -1.83 0.03 0.05 0.11 

11 -0.71 -1.01 -2.20 0.03 0.14 0.17 

13 -0.92 -0.96 -2.60 0.12 0.14 0.18 

15 -0.84 -0.86 -2.62 0.2 0.13 0.14 

17 -0.72 -0.79 -2.26 0.15 0.17 0.17 

19 -0.69 -0.57 -1.71 0.17 0.15 0.15 

21 -0.37 -0.5 -0.83 0.15 0.16 0.18 

THD 0.12 0.12 -2.33 0.18 0.11 0.19 

*Coverage factor, k = 2 at 95% confidence level 

 

Table 4. 
Certificate of calibration national metrology laboratory by SIRIM for current Harmonic fundamental: 50 Hz, 5 A 

Harmonic no 
Error (%) *Uncertainty ± (%) 

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 

3 -0.05 -0.05 -0.06 0.08 0.05 0.06 

5 -0.05 -0.06 -0.21 0.05 0.08 0.11 

7 -0.07 -0.06 -0.80 0.07 0.13 0.09 

9 -0.08 -0.16 -1.29 0.09 0.08 0.08 

11 -0.08 -0.18 -1.69 0.05 0.06 0.14 

13 -0.07 -0.19 -1.72 0.06 0.06 0.06 

15 -0.09 -0.16 -1.54 0.21 0.08 0.06 

17 -0.12 -0.13 -1.38 0.11 0.08 0.06 

19 -0.17 -0.16 -1.07 0.19 0.12 0.11 

21 -0.13 -0.14 -1.40 0.18 0.13 0.17 

THD -0.31 -0.25 -2.43 0.14 0.12 0.15 

*Coverage factor, k = 2 at 95% confidence level 

 

Table 5. 
Harmonic current data of Resmos and Fluke 435 for case 1 

Harmonic no 
RESMOS FLUKE 435 

IR IY IB IR IY IB 

3 1.14 4.7 4.95 1.12 4.65 4.92 

5 4.02 3.31 4.27 3.97 3.3 4.25 

7 2.39 2.08 3.41 2.37 2.07 3.39 

9 0.45 0.91 0.13 0.41 0.89 0.1 

 



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 8 

 

Table 6. 

Harmonic current data of Resmos and Fluke 435 for case 2 

Harmonic no. 
RESMOS FLUKE 435 

IR IY IB IR IY IB 

3 1.45 1.4 1.95 1.44 1.39 1.94 

5 0.43 1.81 1.45 0.42 1.79 1.42 

7 2.18 2.08 2.73 2.1 2.07 2.67 

9 0.88 1.05 1.08 0.86 1.04 1.07 

 

 

 

Figure 8. Current harmonic spectrum for residential load 

 

 

Figure 9. Current harmonic spectrum for commercial load 

 

 

Figure 10. Current harmonic spectrum for industrial load 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

IH3 IH5 IH7 IH9 IH11 IH13 IH15 IH17 IH19 IH21

H
a
r
m

o
n

ic
 c

u
r
r
e
n

t 
( 

%
) 

Harmonic no.

IR IY

IB

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

IH3 IH5 IH7 IH9 IH11 IH13 IH15 IH17 IH19 IH21

H
a
r
m

o
n

ic
 c

u
r
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e
n

t 
(%

)

Harmonic no.

IR IY

IB

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

IH3 IH5 IH7 IH9 IH11 IH13 IH15 IH17 IH19 IH21

H
a
r
m

o
n

ic
 c

u
r
r
e
n

t 
(%

)

Harmonic no.

IR IY

IB



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 9 

  

Table 7. 

Harmonic current data of Resmos and Fluke 435 for case 3 

Harmonic no. 
RESMOS FLUKE 435 

IR IY IB IR IY IB 

3 1.12 1.23 1.28 1.05 1.22 1.25 

5 2.89 1.18 1.81 2.8 1.17 1.59 

7 4.59 1.48 5.69 4.09 1.46 5.11 

9 1.12 1.21 1.38 1.05 1.19 1.24 

 

 

 

Figure 11. Comparison data IH3R Resmos and Fluke 

 

 

Figure 12. Comparison data IH3Y Resmos and Fluke 

 

 

Figure 13. Comparison data IH3B Resmos and Fluke 

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1
6
:3

1
:5

2
1

7
:0

2
:5

2
1

7
:3

3
:5

2
1

8
:0

4
:5

2
1

8
:3

5
:5

2
1

9
:0

6
:5

2
1

9
:3

7
:5

2
2

0
:0

8
:5

2
2

0
:3

9
:5

2
2

1
:1

0
:5

2
2

1
:4

1
:5

2
2

2
:1

2
:5

2
2

2
:4

3
:5

2
2

3
:1

4
:5

2
2

3
:4

5
:5

2
0

:1
6
:5

2
0

:4
7
:5

2
1

:1
8
:5

2
1

:4
9
:5

2
2

:2
0
:5

2
2

:5
1
:5

2
3

:2
2
:5

2
3

:5
3
:5

2
4

:2
4
:5

2
4

:5
5
:5

2
5

:2
6
:5

2
5

:5
7
:5

2
6

:2
8
:5

2
6

:5
9
:5

2
7

:3
0
:5

2
8

:0
1
:5

2
8

:3
2
:5

2
9

:0
3
:5

2
9

:3
4
:5

2
1

0
:0

5
:5

2

H
a
rm

o
n

ic
 c

u
rr

e
n

t 
(%

)

Time

Resmos Fluke

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1
6

:3
1
:5

2
1
6

:5
9
:5

2
1
7

:2
7
:5

2
1
7

:5
5
:5

2
1
8

:2
3
:5

2
1
8

:5
1
:5

2
1
9

:1
9
:5

2
1
9

:4
7
:5

2
2
0

:1
5
:5

2
2
0

:4
3
:5

2
2
1

:1
1
:5

2
2
1

:3
9
:5

2
2
2

:0
7
:5

2
2
2

:3
5
:5

2
2
3

:0
3
:5

2
2
3

:3
1
:5

2
2
3

:5
9
:5

2
0
:2

7
:5

2
0
:5

5
:5

2
1
:2

3
:5

2
1
:5

1
:5

2
2
:1

9
:5

2
2
:4

7
:5

2
3
:1

5
:5

2
3
:4

3
:5

2
4
:1

1
:5

2
4
:3

9
:5

2
5
:0

7
:5

2
5
:3

5
:5

2
6
:0

3
:5

2
6
:3

1
:5

2
6
:5

9
:5

2
7
:2

7
:5

2
7
:5

5
:5

2
8
:2

3
:5

2
8
:5

1
:5

2
9
:1

9
:5

2
9
:4

7
:5

2
1
0

:1
5
:5

2H
a
rm

o
n

ic
 c

u
rr

e
n

t 
(%

)

Time

Resmos Fluke

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1
6

:3
1
:5

2

1
7

:0
2
:5

2

1
7

:3
3
:5

2

1
8

:0
4
:5

2

1
8

:3
5
:5

2

1
9

:0
6
:5

2

1
9

:3
7
:5

2

2
0

:0
8
:5

2

2
0

:3
9
:5

2

2
1

:1
0
:5

2

2
1

:4
1
:5

2

2
2

:1
2
:5

2

2
2

:4
3
:5

2

2
3

:1
4
:5

2

2
3

:4
5
:5

2

0
:1

6
:5

2

0
:4

7
:5

2

1
:1

8
:5

2

1
:4

9
:5

2

2
:2

0
:5

2

2
:5

1
:5

2

3
:2

2
:5

2

3
:5

3
:5

2

4
:2

4
:5

2

4
:5

5
:5

2

5
:2

6
:5

2

5
:5

7
:5

2

6
:2

8
:5

2

6
:5

9
:5

2

7
:3

0
:5

2

8
:0

1
:5

2

8
:3

2
:5

2

9
:0

3
:5

2

9
:3

4
:5

2

1
0

:0
5
:5

2H
a
rm

o
n

ic
 c

u
rr

e
n

t 
(%

)

Time

Resmos Fluke



 H.N. Syamsir et al. / Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 8 (2017) 1–10 10 

VI. Conclusions 

PC-based data logging systems provide the most 

customizations, flexibility, and scalable data logging 

solutions to meet numerous challenges. The device 

can be used to measure harmonic level and power 

quality with a confidence level above 95% and 

percentage error under 2.43% for THD and 1.72% for 

voltage harmonics. Considered the comparison data 

sets, particularly the current harmonic data, the data 

agree on each other. The advantage of this tool can be 

used to measure power quality at the same time for ten 

channels and equipped with software making it easier 

for data analysis with low operational costs versus 

power quality equipment. For data storage, the binary 

data format in RTU allows storage of data can be done 

more because of the use operating system under DOS. 

Acknowledgement 

The authors gratefully acknowledgement to the 

Centre of Electrical Energy Systems, University 

Technology Malaysia, and the Dataran Berlian 

Sdn.Bhd for the financial support. 

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