MEV Front Cover Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 10, Issue 2, 2019 AIM AND SCOPE Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology (MEV) is an internationally peer-reviewed journal aims to provide authoritative global source of scientific information for researchers and engineers in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and industries. The Journal publishes original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on: Mechatronics: including control system, robotic, CNC Machine, sensor, signal processing, electronics, actuator, and mechanical dynamics. Electrical Power: including power generation, transmission system, new and renewable energy, turbine and generator design and analysis, grid system, and source assessment. Vehicular Technology: including electric/hybrid vehicle design and analysis, vehicle on grid, fuel efficiency, and safety analysis. Selected Applications: including all implementations or implications related to mechatronics, electrical power, or vehicular technology. MEV's vision is to become an international platform with high scientific contribution for the global community. MEV's mission is presenting important results of work, whether in the form of research, development, application, or design. IMPRINT MEV is published by Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM-LIPI). ISSN print: 2087-3379 ISSN electronics: 2088-6985 Electronics edition is available at: http://www.mevjournal.com All published article are embedded with DOI number affiliated with Crossref DOI prefix 10.14203 PUBLICATION FREQUENCY MEV is managed to be issued twice in every year. The first issue should be in the mid of the year (July) and the second issue is at the end of the year (December). PEER REVIEW POLICY MEV reviewing policies are: Every submitted paper will be reviewed by at least two peer- reviewers. Reviewers are unaware of the identity of the authors, and authors are also unaware of the identity of reviewers (double blind review method). Reviewing process will consider novelty, objectivity, method, scientific impact, conclusion, and references. ACCREDITATION MEV has been certificated as an Indonesian Scientific Journal by Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). MEV has also been certificated by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RTHE) as an online scientific journal. LIPI Accreditation: Accreditation Number: 633/AU/P2MI-LIPI/03/2015 Acc date: 15 April 2015 Valid thru: 15 April 2020. RISTEKDIKTI Accreditation: Accreditation Number: 1/E/KPT/2015 Acc date: 15 September 2015 Valid thru: 21 September 2020. POSTAL ADDRESS MEV Journal Secretariat: Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM - LIPI) Komp LIPI Jl. Sangkuriang, Building 20, 2nd Floor, R209 Bandung, West Java, 40135 Indonesia Tel: +62-022-2503055 (ext. 215) Tel: +62-022-2504770 (ext. 203) Fax: +62-22-2504773 Business hour: Monday to Friday 08:00 to 16:00 GMT+7 e-mail: sekretariat@mevjournal.com http://www.mevjournal.com/ mailto:sekretariat@mevjournal.com Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 10, Issue 2, 2019 ONLINE SUBMISSIONS If you already have a Username/Password for Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology? Go to login at: http://mevjournal.com/index.ph p/mev/login Need a Username/Password? Go to registration at: http://mevjournal.com/index.ph p/mev/user/register Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions. COPY EDITING AND PROOFREADING Every article accepted by MEV Journal shall be an object to Grammarly® writing- enhancement program conducted by MEV Journal Editorial Board. REFERENCE MANAGEMENT Every article submitted to MEV Journal shall use reference management software e.g. Endnote® or Mendeley. OPEN ACCESS POLICY MEV Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public to supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. PROCESSING CHARGES Every article submitted to MEV Journal will not have any Article Processing Charges. This includes submission, peer-reviewing, editing, publishing, maintaining and archiving, and allows immediate access to the full text versions of the articles. PLAGIARISM CHECK Plagiarism screening will be conducted by MEV Editorial Board using Crossref Similarity CheckTM powered by iThenticate® and also using Grammarly® Plagiarism Checker. CROSSMARK Every article will be published along with Crossmark button in the PDF and in the online abstract page. Crossmark gives readers quick and easy access to the current status of a piece of content. CITED-BY Published article will be equipped with Crossref Cited-by service. Cited-by lets publishers show authors and readers what other Crossref content is citing their content. INDEXING & ABSTRACTING MEV has been covered by these following indexing services: EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), Microsoft Academic Search, Science and Technology Index (SINTA), Crossref, Indonesian Scientific Journal Database (ISJD), Indonesian Publication Index (IPI), CiteULike, Cite Factor, Academic Journal Database, ResearchBib, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), WorldCat, Sherpa Romeo, Index Copernicus, Open Academic Journal Index (OAJI), Open Access Articles, ROAD: the Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources, Toronto Public Library, Western Theological Seminary, Ghent University Library, and Electronic Journals Library. CC LICENSE MEV Journal by RCEPM-LIPI allows reuse and remixing of its content under a CC BY-NC-SA Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://www.mevjournal.com. If you are a nonprofit or charitable organization, your use of an NC-licensed work could still run afoul of the NC restriction, and if you are a for- profit entity, your use of an NC- licensed work does not necessarily mean you have violated the term. http://mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/login http://mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/login http://mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/user/register http://mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/user/register http://www.telimek.lipi.go.id/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://www.mevjournal.com/ Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 10, Issue 2, 2019 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Dr. Haznan Abimanyu Dip.Ing. Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Komp LIPI Jl Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, Indonesia ASSCOCIATE EDITOR (MAIN HANDLING EDITOR) Yanuandri Putrasari, Ph.D. Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics – LIPI Komp LIPI Jl. Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Rosli bin Abu Bakar Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan, Pahang, MALAYSIA Prof. Dr. Estiko Rijanto Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Komp LIPI Jl Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Prof. Tapan Kumar Saha Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, Qld-4072, AUSTRALIA Prof. Muhammad Nizam, S.T, M.T, Ph.D. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, INDONESIA Prof. Josep M Rossell Control, Dynamics and Applications (CoDAlab), Department of Mathematics Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Avda. Bases de Manresa, 61-73 08242 - Manresa (Barcelona), SPAIN Prof. Dr. Tagawa Yasutaka Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-machi 2 - 24 – 16, Koganei – shi, Tokyo, 184 – 8588, JAPAN Prof. Dr. Bambang Riyanto School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Prof. Taufik Director of Electric Power Institute, California Polytechnique San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, UNITED STATES Prof. Dr. Adi Soeprijanto Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Campus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, INDONESIA Dr. Jose Guivant School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales Ainsworth Building (J17) Level 3, Room 311B, Kensington Campus, AUSTRALIA Prof. Pekik Argo Dahono School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Prof. Keum Shik Hong Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF George Anwar, Ph.D. University of California, 101 Sproul Hall, Berkeley, CA 94704, UNITED STATES Dr. Agus Sunjarianto Pamitran Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424 Depok, Jawa Barat, INDONESIA Assoc. Prof. John Young School of Engineering and IT, The University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, PO Box 7916, Canberra BC ACT 2610, AUSTRALIA Dr. Tatacipta Dirgantara Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Riza Muhida, Ph.D. STKIP Surya Jl. Scientia Boulevard Blok U/7 Summarecon Gading Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15810, INDONESIA Dr.Eng. Budi Prawara Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics – LIPI Komp LIPI Jl Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA ADVISORY EDITOR Dr. Endra Joelianto Engineering Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA javascript:openRTWindow('http://www.mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/about/editorialTeamBio/741') javascript:openRTWindow('http://www.mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/about/editorialTeamBio/745') javascript:openRTWindow('http://www.mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/about/editorialTeamBio/743') Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 10, Issue 2, 2019 © 2019 RCEPM-LIPI. All rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM - LIPI). And the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Open Access Policy MEV Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public to supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Copyright Notice Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:  Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.  Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non- exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.  Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after the acceptance and during the editing process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work Privacy Statement The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 i Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 10, Issue 2, 2019 FOREWORD FROM EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology (MEV) is an international journal indexed by many internationally recognized indexers. Its Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Prefix is 10.14203. In this issue, five papers are published with the authors diversity came from Indonesia, Australia, and United Kingdom. The papers come from multidisciplinary topics including mechatronics, electrical power, and mechanics. They may be classified as follows. Three papers fall in electrical power topic. The first paper presents simulation study for the effect of lightning strikes on the performance of arresters at 150 kV overhead lines. The second paper proposes a comprehensive guide and comparison surrounding the technologies supporting Smart Grid implementation especially on communication application. The third paper has the aim to identify the impact of synthetic textiles on earthing system performance through numerical analysis with the state-of-the-art software package. One paper is related to mechatronics which address the different exoskeleton designs and presents a working prototype of a surface electromyography (EMG) controlled exoskeleton to enhance the strength of the lower leg. One paper deals with mechanical topic i.e. Three axis deviation analysis of CNC milling machine. Since the first volume, our journal provides discretion in financial term by waiving the article processing charge. We would like to acknowledge our immense gratitude to our International Editorial Board members, reviewers and authors. We hope this publication would contribute to the enhancement of science and technology. Bandung, December 2019 Editor-in-Chief Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 10, Issue 2, 2019 ii LIST OF CONTENTS The effect of lightning impulse characteristics and line arrester to the lightning protection performance on 150 kV overhead lines: ATP-EMTP computational approach Fri Murdiya, Febrizal, Cecilia Stevany, Havel Alindo Sano, Firdaus ................................................... 49-59 Design and development of the sEMG-based exoskeleton strength enhancer for the legs Mikecon Cenit, Vaibhav Gandhi .................................................................................................................. 61-71 Smart Grid communication applications: measurement equipment and networks architecture for data and energy flow Tinton Dwi Atmaja, Dian Andriani, Rudi Darussalam ........................................................................... 73-84 Safety assessment of high voltage substation earthing systems with synthetic geotextile membrane Mostafa Nazih................................................................................................................................................... 85-91 Three axis deviation analysis of CNC milling machine Dalmasius Ganjar Subagio, Ridwan Arief Subekti, Hendri Maja Saputra, Ahmad Rajani, Kadek Heri Sanjaya ...................................................................................................................................... 93-101 Complete articles can be found at http://www.mevjournal.com http://www.mevjournal.com/ Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 iii Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 10, Issue 2, 2019 ABSTRACTS SHEET e-ISSN: 2088-6985 p-ISSN: 2087-3379 The descriptions given are free terms. This abstract sheet may be reproduced without permission or change. Fri Murdiya, Febrizal, Cecilia Stevany, Havel Alindo Sano, Firdaus (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia ) The effect of lightning impulse characteristics and line arrester to the lightning protection performance on 150 kV overhead lines: ATP-EMTP computational approach Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 49-59, 21 ill, 3 tab, 29 ref. This simulation study presents the effect of lightning strikes on the performance of arresters at 150 kV overhead lines. Lightning strikes have several parameters that affect the performance of line arresters (LA), namely lightning charge, and impulse energy. The simulation was attempted by injection of a direct strike to the ground wire with the peak voltage of 10 MV. The peak voltage was varied in terms of wavefront time (Tf) and the duration of lightning impulses (tau). In order to calculate current, charge and impulse energy of LA from various variations of Tf and tau, the trapezoidal numerical integration method is used. The current and impulse energy arising due to direct strikes and various variations of Tf and tau will be compared for each phase so that the influence of Tf and tau can be obtained from the performance of the LA and the current charge and impulse energy values are still within the limits of the IEEE C62.11 standard. The installation of LA and the position of arresters affected the peak voltage of lightning on the phase line when lightning struck it. The line arresters provide a drop in the peak voltage of lightning in phase lines. By installing line arresters in each tower, it will reduce the peak voltage of lightning on the phase line more significantly than the standalone line arrester. It is shown that the line arresters have to install at least six towers to reduce the peak voltage in the phase lines. (Author) Keywords: lightning impulse; line arrester; peak voltage; impulse energy; placement of arrester. Mikecon Cenit, Vaibhav Gandhi (Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Middlesex University London, United Kingdom) Design and development of the sEMG-based exoskeleton strength enhancer for the legs Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 2, p.61-71, 12 ill, 0 tab, 73 ref. This paper reviews the different exoskeleton designs and presents a working prototype of a surface electromyography (EMG) controlled exoskeleton to enhance the strength of the lower leg. The Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of the exoskeleton is designed, 3D printed with respect to the golden ratio of human anthropometry, and tested structurally. The exoskeleton control system is designed on the LabVIEW National Instrument platform and embedded in myRIO. Surface EMG sensors (sEMG) and flex sensors are used coherently to create different state filters for the EMG, human body posture and control for the mechanical exoskeleton actuation. The myRIO is used to process sEMG signals and send control signals to the exoskeleton. Thus, the complete exoskeleton system consists of sEMG as primary sensor and flex sensor as secondary sensor while the whole control system is designed in LabVIEW. FEA simulation and tests show that the exoskeleton is suitable for an average human weight of 62 kg plus excess force with different reactive spring forces. However, due to the mechanical properties of the exoskeleton actuator, it will require additional lift to provide the rapid reactive impulse force needed to increase biomechanical movement such as squatting up. Finally, with the increasing availability of such assistive devices on the market, the important aspect of ethical, social and legal issues have also emerged and discussed in this paper. (Author) Keywords: leg-exoskeleton; electromyography based exoskeleton; LabVIEW myRIO; ethical, societal, and legal concerns. Tinton Dwi Atmaja a, Dian Andriani b, Rudi Darussalam a (a Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia; b Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia) Smart Grid communication applications: measurement equipment and networks architecture for data and energy flow Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 73-84, 10 ill, 5 tab, 63 ref. Smart Grid is an advanced two way data and energy flow capable of self-healing, adaptive, resilient, and sustainable Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 iv with prediction capability of possible fault. This article aimed to disclose Smart Grid communication in a logical way to facilitate the understanding of each component function. The study was focused on the improvement, advantages, common used design, and possible feature of Smart Grid communication components. The results of the study divide the Smart Grid communication application into two main category i.e. measurement equipment and network architecture. Measurement equipment consists of Advance Metering Infrastructure, Phasor Measurement Unit, Intelligent Electronic Devices, and Wide Area Measurement System. The network architecture is divided based on three hierarchies; local area network for 1 to 100 m with 100 kbps data rate, neighbour area network for 100 m to 10 km with 100 Mbps data rate, and wide area network for up to 100 km with 1 Gbps data rate. More information is provided regarding the routing protocol for each network from various available protocols. The final section presents the energy and data flow architecture for Smart Grid implementation based on the measurement equipment and the network suitability. This article is expected to provide a comprehensive guide and comparison surrounding the technologies supporting Smart Grid implementation especially on communication applications. (Author) Keywords: Smart Grid application; phasor measurement unit; communication network; communication protocol; energy and data flow. Mostafa Nazih (Building, Infrastructure and Advanced Facilities, Jacobs, Australia) Safety assessment of high voltage substation earthing systems with synthetic geotextile membrane Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 85-91, 7 ill, 4 tab, 17 ref. High voltage substations built within areas prone to vegetation or with unfavourable subgrade conditions are paved with the addition of punched geotextiles and non- conductive synthetic fabrics underneath switchyard surfacing. The aim of this research is to identify the impact of synthetic textiles on earthing system performance through numerical analysis with the state-of-the-art software package. The new layer interferes with the earthing grids performance with a different behaviour depending on the installation above or underneath the layer with considerable impact taking place when the earthing grid is installed above the geotextile layer. Rods penetrating the geotextile can alleviate the potential voltage distribution issues and improve the earthing system performance regardless of the native soil stratification. (Author) Keywords: substation earthing; synthetic geotextile; tolerable voltages; high voltage. Dalmasius Ganjar Subagio, Ridwan Arief Subekti, Hendri Maja Saputra, Ahmad Rajani, Kadek Heri Sanjaya (Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia) Three axis deviation analysis of CNC milling machine Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, 2019, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 93-101, 12 ill, 4 tab, 31 ref. The manufacturing technology has developed rapidly, especially those intended to improve the precision. Consequently, increasing precision requires greater technical capabilities in the field of measurement. A prototype of a 3-axis CNC milling machine has been designed and developed in the Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM-LIPI). The CNC milling machine is driven by a 0.4 kW servo motor with a spindle rotation of 12,000 rpm. This study aims to measure the precision of the CNC milling machine by carrying out the measurement process. It is expected that the CNC milling machine will be able toperform in an optimum precision during the manufacturing process. Accuracy level testing is done by measuring the deviations on the three axes namely X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, as well as the flatness using a dial indicator and parallel plates. The measurement results show the deviation on the X-axis by 0.033 mm, the Y-axis by 0.102 mm, the Z-axis by 0.063 mm, and the flatness of the table by 0.096 mm, respectively. It is confirmed that the deviation value is within the tolerance standard limits set by ISO 2768 standard. However, the calibration is required for this CNC milling machine to achieve more accurate precision. Furthermore, the design improvement of CNC milling machine and the application of information technology in accordance with Industry 4.0 concept will enhance the precision and realibility. (Author) Keywords: precision measurement; orthogonal axes; manufacturing machine; automation industry.