MEV Front Cover Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 11, Issue 1, 2020 AIM AND SCOPE Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology (MEV) is an internationally peer-reviewed journal aims to provide authoritative global source of scientific information for researchers and engineers in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and industries. The Journal publishes original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on: Mechatronics: including control system, robotic, CNC Machine, sensor, signal processing, electronics, actuator, and mechanical dynamics. Electrical Power: including power generation, transmission system, new and renewable energy, turbine and generator design and analysis, grid system, and source assessment. Vehicular Technology: including electric/hybrid vehicle design and analysis, vehicle on grid, fuel efficiency, and safety analysis. Selected Applications: including all implementations or implications related to mechatronics, electrical power, or vehicular technology. MEV's vision is to become an international platform with high scientific contribution for the global community. MEV's mission is presenting important results of work, whether in the form of research, development, application, or design. IMPRINT MEV is published by Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM-LIPI). ISSN print: 2087-3379 ISSN electronics: 2088-6985 Electronics edition is available at: http://www.mevjournal.com All published article are embedded with DOI number affiliated with Crossref DOI prefix 10.14203 PUBLICATION FREQUENCY MEV is managed to be issued twice in every year. The first issue should be in the mid of the year (July) and the second issue is at the end of the year (December). PEER REVIEW POLICY MEV reviewing policies are: Every submitted paper will be reviewed by at least two peer- reviewers. Reviewers are unaware of the identity of the authors, and authors are also unaware of the identity of reviewers (double blind review method). Reviewing process will consider novelty, objectivity, method, scientific impact, conclusion, and references. ACCREDITATION MEV has been certificated as an Indonesian Scientific Journal by Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). MEV has also been certificated by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RTHE) as an online scientific journal. LIPI Accreditation: Accreditation Number: 633/AU/P2MI-LIPI/03/2015 Acc date: 15 April 2015 Valid thru: 15 April 2020. RISTEKDIKTI Accreditation: Accreditation Number: 1/E/KPT/2015 Acc date: 15 September 2015 Valid thru: 21 September 2020. 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Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Komp LIPI Jl Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, Indonesia ASSCOCIATE EDITORS (MAIN HANDLING EDITOR) Yanuandri Putrasari, Ph.D. Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics – LIPI Komp LIPI Jl. Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Rosli bin Abu Bakar Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan, Pahang, MALAYSIA Prof. Dr. Estiko Rijanto Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Komp LIPI Jl Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Prof. Tapan Kumar Saha Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, Qld-4072, AUSTRALIA Prof. Muhammad Nizam, S.T, M.T, Ph.D. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, INDONESIA Prof. Josep M Rossell Control, Dynamics and Applications (CoDAlab), Department of Mathematics Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Avda. Bases de Manresa, 61-73 08242 - Manresa (Barcelona), SPAIN Prof. Dr. Tagawa Yasutaka Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-machi 2 - 24 – 16, Koganei – shi, Tokyo, 184 – 8588, JAPAN Prof. Dr. Bambang Riyanto School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Prof. Taufik Director of Electric Power Institute, California Polytechnique San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, UNITED STATES Prof. Dr. Adi Soeprijanto Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Campus ITS Keputih, Surabaya 60111, INDONESIA Dr. Jose Guivant School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales Ainsworth Building (J17) Level 3, Room 311B, Kensington Campus, AUSTRALIA Prof. Pekik Argo Dahono School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Prof. Keum Shik Hong Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF George Anwar, Ph.D. University of California, 101 Sproul Hall, Berkeley, CA 94704, UNITED STATES Dr. Agus Sunjarianto Pamitran Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424 Depok, Jawa Barat, INDONESIA Assoc. Prof. John Young School of Engineering and IT, The University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, PO Box 7916, Canberra BC ACT 2610, AUSTRALIA Dr. Tatacipta Dirgantara Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA Riza Muhida, Ph.D. STKIP Surya Jl. Scientia Boulevard Blok U/7 Summarecon Gading Serpong, Tangerang, Banten, 15810, INDONESIA Dr.Eng. Budi Prawara Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics – LIPI Komp LIPI Jl Sangkuriang, Blg 20, 2nd Fl, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA ADVISORY EDITOR Dr. Endra Joelianto Engineering Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40135, INDONESIA javascript:openRTWindow('http://www.mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/about/editorialTeamBio/741') javascript:openRTWindow('http://www.mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/about/editorialTeamBio/745') javascript:openRTWindow('http://www.mevjournal.com/index.php/mev/about/editorialTeamBio/743') Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 11, Issue 1, 2020 © 2020 RCEPM-LIPI. All rights reserved. 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Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 i Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 11, Issue 1, 2020 FOREWORD FROM EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology (MEV) is an international journal indexed by many internationally recognized indexers. Its Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Prefix is 10.14203. In this issue, six papers are published with the authors diversity came from Indonesia, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Japan, Saudi Arabia and Germany. The papers come from multidisciplinary topics including mechatronics, electrical power, and vehicular technology. They may be classified as follows. Four papers fall in electrical power topics. The first paper presents wireless power transfer. The second paper proposes single-stage regenerative organic Rankine cycle (ORC) performance byopen feed organic heater (OFOH). The third paper has the aim to deliver predictions of rotor tip displacement in the microturbine rotor assembly supported by a journal bearing under non-linear vibrations. The fourth paper describes lux and current analysis on lab-scale smart grid system using fuzzy-logic controller. One paper is related to mechatronics which address the swarm behaviour applied to drive a system consisting of six UAV quadrotors as agents for flocking while tracking a swarm trajectory. One paper deals with vehicular technology i.e. A study effects of injection pressure and wall temperature on the mixing process of NOx and NH3 in Selective Catalytic Reduction system. Since the first volume, our journal provides discretion in financial term by waiving the article processing charge. We would like to acknowledge our immense gratitude to our International Editorial Board members, reviewers and authors. We hope this publication would contribute to the enhancement of science and technology. Bandung, July 2020 Editor-in-Chief Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 11, Issue 1, 2020 ii LIST OF CONTENTS Swarm control of an unmanned quadrotor model with LQR weighting matrix optimization using genetic algorithm Endra Joelianto, Daniel Christian, Agus Samsi ......................................................................................... 1-10 Lux and current analysis on lab-scale smart grid system using Mamdani fuzzy logic controller Bayu Prasetyo, Faiz Syaikhoni Aziz, Anik Nur Handayani, Ari Priharta, Adi Izhar Bin Che Ani ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11-21 Preliminary study of 50 W Class-E GaN FET amplifier for 6.78 MHz capacitive wireless power transfer Aam Muharam, Tarek Mahmoud Mostafa, Suziana Ahmad, Mitsuru Masuda, Daiki Obara, Reiji Hattori, Abdul Hapid ............................................................................................................................. 22-29 Open feed organic heater pressure analysis on single-stage regenerative organic Rankine cycle performance Ghalya Pikra, Nur Rohmah, Rakhmad Indra Pramana, Andri Joko Purwanto ................................ 30-37 Rotordynamics analysis of solar hybrid microturbine for concentrated solar power Maulana Arifin ................................................................................................................................................. 38-44 A study effects of injection pressure and wall temperature on the mixing process of NOx and NH3 in Selective Catalytic Reduction system Muhammad Khristamto Aditya Wardana, Ocktaeck Lim .................................................................... 45-54 Complete articles can be found at http://www.mevjournal.com http://www.mevjournal.com/ Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 iii Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology Volume 11, Issue 1, 2020 ABSTRACTS SHEET e-ISSN: 2088-6985 p-ISSN: 2087-3379 The descriptions given are free terms. This abstract sheet may be reproduced without permission or change. Endra Joelianto a, c, Daniel Christian b, Agus Samsi c (a Instrumentation and Control Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; b Externship Researcher of Engineering Physics Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; c Engineering Physics Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia) Swarm control of an unmanned quadrotor model with LQR weighting matrix optimization using genetic algorithm Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, July 2020, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 1-10, 7 ill, 1 tab, 36 ref. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) quadrotors have developed rapidly and continue to advance together with the development of new supporting technologies. However, the use of one quadrotor has many obstacles and compromises the ability of a UAV to complete complex missions that require the cooperation of more than one quadrotor. In nature, one interesting phenomenon is the behavior of several organisms to always move in flocks (swarm), which allows them to find food more quickly and sustain life compared with when they move independently. In this paper, the swarm behavior is applied to drive a system consisting of six UAV quadrotors as agents for flocking while tracking a swarm trajectory. The swarm control system is expected to minimize an objective function of the energy used and tracking errors. The considered swarm control system consists of two levels. The first higher level is a proportional – derivative type controller that produces the swarm trajectory to be followed by UAV quadrotor agents in swarming. In the second lower level, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used by each UAV quadrotor agent to follow a tracking path well with minimal objective function. A genetic algorithm is applied to find the optimal LQR weighting matrices as it is able to solve complex optimization problems. Simulation results indicate that the quadrotors' tracking performance improved by 36.00 %, whereas their swarming performance improved by 17.17 %. (Author) Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle; quadrotor model; swarm model; proportional – derivative (PD) controller; linear quadratic regulator (LQR); optimization model; genetic algorithm. Bayu Prasetyo a, Faiz Syaikhoni Aziz a, Anik Nur Handayani a , Ari Priharta a, Adi Izhar Bin Che Ani b (a Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; b Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia) Lux and current analysis on lab-scale smart grid system using Mamdani fuzzy logic controller Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, July 2020, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 11-21, 14 ill, 7 tab, 15 ref. The increasing need for electrical energy requires suppliers to innovate in developing electric distribution systems that are better in terms of quality and affordability. In its development, it is necessary to have a control that can combine the electricity network from renewable energy and the main network by means of voltage back-up or synchronization automatically. The purpose of this research is to create an innovative lux and current analysis on lab-scale smart grid system using fuzzy logic controller to control the main network, solar panel network and generator network to supply each other with lab-scale electrical energy. In the control, Mamdani fuzzy logic controller method is used as the basis for determining the smart grid system control problem solving by adjusting the current conditions on the main network and the light intensity conditions on the LDR sensor. Current conditions are classified in three conditions namely safe, warning, and trip. Meanwhile, the light intensity conditions are classified in three conditions namely dark, cloudy and bright. From the test results, the utility grid (PLN) is in active conditions when the load current is 0.4 A (safe) and light intensity is 1,167 Lux (dark). Then the PLN + PV condition is active when the load current is 1.37 (warning) and the light intensity is 8,680 lux (bright). Finally, the generator condition is active when the load current is 1.6 (trip) and the light intensity is 8,680 (bright). Based on the test results, it is known that the system can work to determine which source is more efficient based on the parameters obtained. (Author) Keywords: fuzzy logic; smart grid; lux and current; lab- scale. Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 iv Aam Muharam a, b, Tarek Mahmoud Mostafa c, Suziana Ahmad a, d, Mitsuru Masuda e, Daiki Obara e, Reiji Hattori a, Abdul Hapid b (a Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; b Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia; c Computer, Electrical, Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia; d Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology (FTKEE), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia; e Automotive Products and Electronics Laboratories, Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Japan) Preliminary study of 50 W Class-E GaN FET amplifier for 6.78 MHz capacitive wireless power transfer Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, July 2020, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 22-29, 12 ill, 2 tab, 20 ref. A preliminary study of Class-E radio frequency power amplifier for wireless capacitive power transfer (CPT) system is presented in this paper. Due to a limitation in coupling capacitance value, a high frequency operation of switching power inverter is necessary for the CPT system. A GaN MOSFET offers reliability and performance in a high frequency operation with an improved efficiency over silicon device. Design specification related to the parallel load parameter, LC impedance matching and experimental analysis of the amplifier is explored. An experimental setup for the proposed inverter and its integration with the CPT system is provided, and the power efficiency is investigated. As a result, by utilizing a 6.78 MHz resonant frequency and a 50 Ω resistive load, 50 W of power has been transmitted successfully with an end to end system efficiency over 81 %. Additionally, above 17 W wireless power transfer was demonstrated successfully in the CPT system under 6 pF coupling with the efficiency over 70 %. (Author) Keywords: Class-E power amplifier; wireless power transfer; capacitive power transfer; high efficiency; high frequency power source. Ghalya Pikra a, Nur Rohmah b, Rakhmad Indra Pramana a, Andri Joko Purwanto a (a Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia; b Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences) Open feed organic heater pressure analysis on single-stage regenerative organic Rankine cycle performance Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, July 2020, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 30-37, 8 ill, 1 tab, 23 ref. Single-stage regenerative organic Rankine cycle (SSRORC) is a system that is used for increasing the simple organic Rankine cycle (ORC) performance. Open feed organic heater (OFOH) addition in the ORC system increase power and efficiency of the system. This paper analyzes the SSRORC performance with a variation of P6/P1 ranges from 1.25 to 3.75 with an increment of 0.25, where P6 is the OFOH pressure at the inlet side and P1 is the pressure at the inlet pump 1, respectively. Hot water was used as the heat source with 100 °C and 100 l/min of temperature and volume flow rate as the initial data. R227ea, R245fa, and R141b were chosen as working fluids for performance analysis. The analysis was performed by calculating the heat input, heat loss, pump and turbine power, net power, and thermal efficiency through energy balance. Exergy input, exergy output, and exergy efficiency were analyzed through exergy balance. The results show that P6/P1 = 2 obtains the highest performance than the other pressure ratios for R227ea, while R245fa and R141b obtain the highest performance at P6/P1 = 2.25. R141b has better performance than the other two fluids with 10.97 % and 11.96 % of thermal and exergy efficiency. The results show that the ratio of OFOH pressure at the inlet side to the pressure at inlet pump 1 (P6/P1) in the middle value obtains the best performance. (Author) Keywords: single-stage regenerative organic rankine cycle; open feed organic heater; R227ea; R245fa; R141b. Maulana Arifin a,b (a Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia; b Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery and Machinery Laboratory, University of Stuttgart, Germany) Rotordynamics analysis of solar hybrid microturbine for concentrated solar power Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, July 2020, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 38-44, 6 ill, 1 tab, 15 ref. Microturbine based on a parabolic dish solar concentrator runs at high speed and has large amplitudes of subsynchronous turbo-shaft motion due to the direct normal irradiance (DNI) fluctuation in daily operation. A detailed rotordynamics model coupled to a full fluid film radial or journal bearing model needs to be addressed for increasing performance and to ensure safe operating conditions. The present paper delivers predictions of rotor tip displacement in the microturbine rotor assembly supported by a journal bearing under non-linear vibrations. The rotor assembly operates at 72 krpm on the design speed and delivers a 40 kW power output with the turbine inlet temperature is about 950 °C. The turbo-shaft oil temperature range is between 50 °C to 90 °C. The vibrations on the tip radial compressor and turbine were presented and evaluated in the commercial software GT-Suite environment. The microturbine rotors assembly model shows good results in predicting maximum tip displacement at the rotors with respect to the frequency and time domain. (Author) Keywords: microturbines rotor tip displacement; parabolic dish solar concentrator; rotordynamics model; journal bearing; non-linear vibration. Muhammad Khristamto Aditya Wardana a, b, Ocktaeck Lim a (a Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Republic of Korea; b Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia) A study effects of injection pressure and wall temperature on the mixing process of NOx and NH3 in Selective Catalytic Reduction system Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, July 2020, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 45-54, 9 ill, 3 tab, 17 ref. Diesel engines are commonly used for public transportation on-road and off-road applications. Growth production of the diesel engine is very significant from year to year. Nitride Oxide (NOx) from diesel engine was the one of the major sources of the air pollution. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has been successfully used to reduce NOx from diesel engine with chemical reaction from ammonia (NH3). The mixing reaction between NOx and NH3 reaction can produce steam (H2O) and Nitrogen (N2). However, ammonia uniformity pattern usualy not homogenization Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology e-ISSN 2088-6985 www.mevjournal.com p-ISSN 2087-3379 v and the ammonia was difficult to mix with NOx. The constant air flows incomplete to assist the spray injector to spread NH3 to all corners of SCR. The impact study of turbulent phenomena and standard k-epsilon Low- Reynolds Number model to mixing process in SCR system using STARCCM+. The simulation studies are conducted under different pressure (4 to 6 bars), injection rate (0.04 g/s) and temperature (338 K – 553 K) and the high pressure and high velocity magnitude creating turbulent swirl flow. The ammonia decomposition process and mixing process with NOx were investigated using box with optical access. The simulation and numerical study results validated using back pressure value and the distribution of NOx concentration value from the catalyst outlet. The wall temperature will increase the urea evaporation to generate ammonia and gas pressure will increase the mixing process and chemical process in SCR system. These reactions enable to optimize the SCR system technology which eventually able to reduce the NOx quantity from diesel engine. (Author) Keywords: diesel engine; wall temperature; wall impingement; urea water solution (UWS); urea injection; selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Foreword from Editor-in-Chief List of Contents