item: #1 of 146 id: jrmc02-100 author: Yasir Shehzad,. Ayesha Arshad, Nadeem Akhter title: Pattern of Head Injury and Recovery in First and Second Rider in Motor Bike Accidents date: 2017-03-30 words: 3045 flesch: 69 summary: Ayesha Arshad, Nadeem Akhter, Department of Neurosurgery, DHQ Hospital and Rawalpindi Medical College,, Rawalpindi Abstract Background: To compare the rate and pattern of head injury sustained by the first vs. second rider and mortality rate and functional outcome of the two groups. Methods: In this cross sectional study all adult patients presenting with head injury resulting from a motorcycle accident, during the study period were enrolled. keywords: brain; group-2; groups; head; helmet; injury; motorcycle; patients cache: jrmc02-100.pdf plain text: jrmc02-100.txt item: #2 of 146 id: jrmc02-1019 author: Sidra Masood, Mudassar Sharif Bhatti, Sidra Masood, Mudassar Sharif Bhatti title: A Rare Case of Tuberous Sclerosis with Giant Cell Astrocytoma date: 2022-03-31 words: 1894 flesch: 53 summary: Tuberous sclerosis complex and its founders. Genetics of tuberous sclerosis complex: implications for clinical practice. keywords: case; cell; clinical; complex; rawalpindi; sclerosis; tsc; tuberous cache: jrmc02-1019.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1019.txt item: #3 of 146 id: jrmc02-102 author: Muhammad Zain Mehdi, Sajid Mushtaq, Noreen Akhtar, Usman Hassan, Asif Loya, Mudassar Hussain and Muhammad Azam title: Soft Tissue Tumours with Epithelioid Morphoogy date: 2017-03-30 words: 2655 flesch: 46 summary: SUMMARY Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2017;21(1): 37-41 37 Original Article Soft Tissue Tumours with Epithelioid Morphoogy Muhammad Zain Mehdi, Sajid Mushtaq, Noreen Akhtar, Usman Hassan, Asif Loya, Mudassar H ussain and Muhammad Azam Department of Histopathology, Shaukat Khanum Hospital and Research Centre Abstract Background: To study the morphological findings of soft tissue sarcomas with epithelioid morphology and their distribution with respect to the age, gender and location. Soft tissue sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of rare malignant neoplasms. keywords: cases; cells; epithelioid; morphology; negative; sarcoma; tissue; tumor cache: jrmc02-102.pdf plain text: jrmc02-102.txt item: #4 of 146 id: jrmc02-103 author: Faryal Azhar, Tausief Fatima, Tabinda Aqsa, Usman Qureshi, Gohar Rasheed, Jahangir Sarwar Khan title: Pattern of Breast Cancer Presentation date: 2017-03-30 words: 2315 flesch: 63 summary: Mujagić S, Burina M, Mustedanagić-Mujanović J. The importance of combining of ultrasound and mammography in breast cancer diagnosis. Breast cancer were 236(11.90%). keywords: breast; cancer; carcinoma; diagnosis; patients; stage; treatment cache: jrmc02-103.pdf plain text: jrmc02-103.txt item: #5 of 146 id: jrmc02-104 author: Tasleem Akhtar ,Atif Sharif ,Mumtaz Akhtar ,Naeem Zia ,Muhammad Hanif title: Mass in Right Iliac Fossa- Clinicopathogical Evaluation date: 2017-03-30 words: 1976 flesch: 48 summary: Conclusion: Appendicular mass is the main cause of mass in right iliac fossa, with a wide range of other causes. Surgery remained the main stay for appendicular mass management in our hospital. keywords: appendicular; fossa; iliac; mass; patients; right cache: jrmc02-104.pdf plain text: jrmc02-104.txt item: #6 of 146 id: jrmc02-105 author: Arslan Shahzad ,Inayatullah Khan Adil, Mashood Ali, Muhammad Osama ,Mahrukh Laghari, Zain Sharif title: Gastric Outlet Obstruction – An Etiological Breakup date: 2017-03-30 words: 2064 flesch: 50 summary: Post caustic gastric outlet obstruction has emerged as the second most common(35.9%) cause. Methods: In this descriptive study patients with gastric outlet obstruction were included .All keywords: benign; cancer; caustic; gastric; obstruction; outlet; patients cache: jrmc02-105.pdf plain text: jrmc02-105.txt item: #7 of 146 id: jrmc02-106 author: Junaid Khan, Riaz Ahmed, Rahman Rasool Akhtar, Kanza Batool, Hashim Riaz title: Effect of Delay in Operative Treatment on the Range of Motion in Supracondylar Humerus Fracture date: 2017-03-30 words: 4472 flesch: 59 summary: Delayed treatment of supracondylar elbow fracture in children. 8. Cekanauskas E, Degliūte R, Kalesinskas RJ.Treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures , according to Gartland classification. keywords: children; elbow; fractures; gartland; humerus; management; patients; range; reduction; supracondylar; type; weeks cache: jrmc02-106.pdf plain text: jrmc02-106.txt item: #8 of 146 id: jrmc02-107 author: Ammara Ijaz ,Khalid Aslam , Azhar Mubarik title: Total Knee Replacement –Histopathological Patterns date: 2017-03-30 words: 1760 flesch: 37 summary: Key-words: Total knee replacement, Osteoarthritis, Joint Introduction Total knee replacement is safe and effective procedure when nonsurgical treatments like medications and using walking supports are no longer helpful. Osteoarthritis cartilage 2009;17(3):304-12. 19. keywords: arthritis; cartilage; changes; knee; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid cache: jrmc02-107.pdf plain text: jrmc02-107.txt item: #9 of 146 id: jrmc02-109 author: RuqyyahSalim, Sobia Nawaz, Farzana Kazmi title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Transcerebellar Diameter for Gestational Age date: 2017-03-30 words: 2762 flesch: 49 summary: Hill LM, Guzick D, Fries J, Hixson J, Rivello D. The transverse cerebellar diameter in estimating gestational age in the large for gestational age fetus. Hill LM, Guzick D, Rivello D, Hixson J, Peterson C. The transverse cerebellar diameter cannot be used to assess gestational age in the small for gestational age fetus. keywords: age; diameter; fetal; gestational; growth; tcd; trimester; ultrasound cache: jrmc02-109.pdf plain text: jrmc02-109.txt item: #10 of 146 id: jrmc02-111 author: Uzma Saeed and Naveed Muzhar title: Correlating Serum Beta hCG Levels with Transvaginal Sonographic Features of Ectopic Pregnancy date: 2017-03-30 words: 2729 flesch: 65 summary: The βHCG levels were significantly correlated with EP volume (tau b = 0.252, p value <0.0001, n = 204) but these were not correlated significantly with the gestational age (tau b = -0.042, p value = 0.423, n = 204). Only the patients who had confirmation of EP via both TVS and HP were included in the study and serum βHCG levels were obtained. keywords: age; levels; pregnancy; serum; tvs; βhcg cache: jrmc02-111.pdf plain text: jrmc02-111.txt item: #11 of 146 id: jrmc02-112 author: Asif Zafar Malik ,Nousheen Qureshi , Tabassum Azim, Faisal Murad title: TELE ENT: A Step Forward in Providing Specialist Services in Far Remote Areas date: 2017-03-30 words: 2906 flesch: 56 summary: Attock is eighty (80) km from the capital Islamabad and its DHQ at the time of our study did not cater for ENT patients as no specialist services were available there. Routine blood and urine examination along with required other specific tests like x-Ray, pure tune audiometry were advised accordingly, then patients were given treatment for their specific problem and given dates for follow up visit. keywords: conferencing; ear; family; health; holy; hospital; patients; services; telemedicine; video cache: jrmc02-112.pdf plain text: jrmc02-112.txt item: #12 of 146 id: jrmc02-113 author: Muhammad Kamran, Qammar Mirza, Zia ul Haq, Ashar Alamgir, Muhammad Musharaf Baig title: Foreign Bodies in Ear, Nose and Throat - A Clinical Audit date: 2017-03-30 words: 1867 flesch: 62 summary: Out of all patients 37 (43.52%) presented with ear foreign bodies, 25 patients (29.4%) presented with nasal cavity foreign bodies, 23 patients (27.05%) presented with throat (oropharyngeal / hypopharyngeal) foreign bodies. Conclusion: Foreign bodies remain a major concern in ENT practice .Majority of children were children Key Words: Foreign bodies, Ear, Nose, Throat Introduction A foreign body (FB) is an object or piece of exogenous material that has entered body by accident or design in a region where it is not meant to be and can cause damage by its presence if immediate medical attention is not sought.1 A foreign body of ENT is an object which lodges into a craniofacial orifice which includes the ear, nose, or throat. keywords: bodies; children; ear; nose; patients; removal; throat cache: jrmc02-113.pdf plain text: jrmc02-113.txt item: #13 of 146 id: jrmc02-114 author: Mohammad Iqbal, Kamran Iqbal,Sahibzada Fawad Khan,Wasim Ahmad title: Incidence of External Ear Canal Folliculitis date: 2017-03-30 words: 2201 flesch: 48 summary: Different factors are involved in the prevalence of external ear canal folliculitis, including poor hygiene, over crowding, bath in a contaminated water, hot weather, ear wax and lack of specialized care. External ear canal folliculitis in IDPs of KPK. keywords: canal; diagnosis; ear; eecf; folliculitis; otitis; pain cache: jrmc02-114.pdf plain text: jrmc02-114.txt item: #14 of 146 id: jrmc02-115 author: Nausheen Qureshi , Nighat Arif title: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery( FESS) date: 2017-03-30 words: 2464 flesch: 49 summary: Abstract Background: To study the management of the patients of various nasal and para nasal sinuses diseases with endoscopic sinus surgery in terms of age, gender, disease pattern, surgical procedures, complications and recurrence rate. Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery is the standard of care in modern rhinology and more work is required in our country to promote its training and use for the betterment of patients. keywords: endoscopic; nasal; patients; sinus; sinuses; study; surgery cache: jrmc02-115.pdf plain text: jrmc02-115.txt item: #15 of 146 id: jrmc02-1152 author:  Tabinda Khalid , Rubaba Abid Naqvi , Nisar Ahmed Malik , Hamna Sarwar ,  Tabinda Khalid , Rubaba Abid Naqvi , Nisar Ahmed Malik , Hamna Sarwar title: Prevalence of raised Alanine Amino transaminase (ALT) in pregnant mothers: A Cross-sectional Study date: 2020-09-30 words: 3429 flesch: 59 summary: Mean ALT levels were 54.1 ± 6.94, 71.28 ± 23.25, 84.22 ± 27.82, 231.5 ± 47.37 respectively. One way Anova, with a Post hoc test (welch’s test) was applied to see the statistical significance in ALT levels among various groups. keywords: acute; alt; cholestasis; doi; group; hepatitis; journal; liver; mean; pregnancy; rawalpindi; study cache: jrmc02-1152.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1152.txt item: #16 of 146 id: jrmc02-1159 author: Abdul Rasheed Qureshi , Muhammad Irfan , Huma Bilal , Muhammad Sajid , Zeeshan Ashraf, Abdul Rasheed Qureshi , Muhammad Irfan , Huma Bilal , Muhammad Sajid , Zeeshan Ashraf title: Frequency of Tuberculosis and Malignancy in Transudative-pleural effusions: A rare but real finding date: 2020-12-30 words: 3602 flesch: 54 summary: As pleural fluid ADA estimation is a useful biomarker for TB diagnosis in endemic areas, it should be frankly utilized for the workup of all TB-suspect transudates.29 Similarly, malignant pleural effusions are almost always categorized as exudates. Malignant pleural effusions: a review. keywords: cases; cytology; effusions; etiology; fluid; journal; malignancy; patients; pleural; study; tuberculosis cache: jrmc02-1159.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1159.txt item: #17 of 146 id: jrmc02-1160 author: Asmat Parveen , Naima Fazil Raja , Imran Mehmood Khan , Hijab Shaheen , Muhammad Imran , Rizwan Shafeeq Ahmed title: Comparison of Conventional and Newer Iron Preparations for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children date: 2020-06-26 words: 2904 flesch: 60 summary: After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean increase in hemoglobin was 1.8 ±1.59 g/dl in the ferrous sulphate group as compare to 2.5 ±1.31g/dl in ferrous bisglycinate group showing the higher level of rising with ferrous bisglycinate than ferrous sulphate, P =0.0033. Conclusion: Newer iron preparation, ferrous bisglycinate is a better treatment option than conventional preparation of ferrous sulphate for increasing hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia in children. Baseline serum Hb and post-treatment serum Hb were analysed in both groups showing the more level of rising in ferrous bisglycinate group than ferrous sulphate group over the same period as shown in Table 1. keywords: anemia; bisglycinate; children; deficiency; group; iron; medical; study; sulphate cache: jrmc02-1160.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1160.txt item: #18 of 146 id: jrmc02-1161 author:  Tabassum Aziz , Nousheen Qureshi , Mahwash Khawaja , Rida Ulfat , Tahir Muhammad , Anum Malik ,  Tabassum Aziz , Nousheen Qureshi , Mahwash Khawaja , Rida Ulfat , Tahir Muhammad , Anum Malik title: Comparison of effectiveness of 7.5% Povidone-iodine with 1% Clotrimazole ear drops and lignocaine in Otomycosis date: 2020-09-30 words: 2714 flesch: 54 summary: It is common in a hot and humid climate like the south Asian region, mostly in people belonging to lower socioeconomic backgrounds.³ The most common causative agent isolated from Otomycosis patients is from the genus Aspergillus followed by Candida Species. Many drugs have been investigated for the treatment of Otomycosis.⁸ Antifungals from the Azole class seem to be the most effective, followed by Nystatin and Tolnaftate.¹² 1% Clotrimazole ear drops and lignocaine have been used for effective treatment of Otomycosis for a long time in the medical field.¹º Nneenia Mgbor et al used Clotrimazole in a comparative study in Nigeria and found it to be an effective drug.¹¹ Recently some researchers have also studied the efficacy of Povidone-iodine in Otomycosis treatment. keywords: clotrimazole; drops; ear; group; iodine; lignocaine; otomycosis; patients; treatment cache: jrmc02-1161.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1161.txt item: #19 of 146 id: jrmc02-117 author: Munir Amjad Baig, Nadir Mehmood, Muhammad Hamaza, Rabeeya Munir title: Dry Eye Disease in Younger Age date: 2017-03-30 words: 2513 flesch: 60 summary: Dry eye tests like tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmers test (ST) and slit-lamp examination for presence of conjunctival injection, punctate epithelial erosions (PEE), lid margins plugging and telengiectasias were used to diagnose dry eye. It is similar with one study showing that 18.7% of subjects younger than 20 years have dry eye symptoms compared to 30.1% of adults.18Among younger age group (18- 40years), computer users of longer duration, both office workers and students, were having dry eye symptoms more than other.19 This study showed that the subjects using computers for longer time had more ocular complaints. keywords: disease; dry; eye; film; patients; prevalence; study; symptoms; tear; use cache: jrmc02-117.pdf plain text: jrmc02-117.txt item: #20 of 146 id: jrmc02-1175 author:  Latafat Ali Chughtai , Aliza Sahito , Jawaid Ahmed Zai , Zaibunisa Mughal , Jamshed Warsi , Benazir Mahar ,  Latafat Ali Chughtai , Aliza Sahito , Jawaid Ahmed Zai , Zaibunisa Mughal , Jamshed Warsi , Benazir Mahar title: Assessment of factors responsible for early menopause in Interior Sindh, Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 3647 flesch: 62 summary: Also the study on the Jordanian Women, 2010 shows that the women who suffered from early menopause were having a history of premature menopause in their parents, siblings or child1 furthermore it is reported that inheritance/genetic accounts for about 25-30% in the onset of premature menopause cases.25 Apart from the above-mentioned reasons one of the abnormalities of early menopause is the osteoporosis, estrogen depletion is linked with increased loss in bone mass and density, which results in approximately 9 million cases of bone fractures per year all around the globe.26,27 conducted a study that reveals that early menopause was associated with low (BMI) which is also in confirmation with this study that both low and high BMI are causes of early menopause. 198 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2020; 24(3): 198-203 Original Article Assessment of factors responsible for early menopause in Interior Sindh, Pakistan Latafat Ali Chughtai1, Aliza Sahito2, Jawaid Ahmed Zai3, Zaibunisa Mughal4, Jamshed Warsi5, Benazir Mahar6 1,3,4 Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. keywords: controls; fsh; journal; level; menopause; ovarian; premature; prolactin; study; women cache: jrmc02-1175.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1175.txt item: #21 of 146 id: jrmc02-119 author: Fatima Riaz, Kirn-e-Muneera, Muhammad Adnan Saeed title: Effect of High Dose Ginger on Plasma Testosterone and Leutinising Hormone Levels in Male Rats after Lead Induced Toxicity date: 2017-03-30 words: 2145 flesch: 60 summary: Conclusion: High dose ginger (>1gm/kg body weight) failed to enhance the suppressed testosterone level due to lead toxicity in male rats. Key Words: Lead toxicity, high dose ginger, plasma testosterone and LH levels Introduction The toxic effects of lead, an environmental pollutant, on the body systems are well documented. keywords: dose; ginger; group; lead; levels; male; rats; testosterone cache: jrmc02-119.pdf plain text: jrmc02-119.txt item: #22 of 146 id: jrmc02-1258 author: Faisal Wahid , Aftab Hussain , Faiz-ur-Rehman , Obaid-ur-Rehman , Faisal Wahid , Aftab Hussain , Faiz-ur-Rehman , Obaid-ur-Rehman title: Comparison of Rocuronium and Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Induction in patients undergoing surgery under General Anaesthesia: Rocuronium vs Succinylcholine for rapid sequence indcution date: 2020-06-26 words: 2740 flesch: 53 summary: 134-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v24i2.1258 Conflict of Interest: Nil Funding Source: Nil Access Online: Abstract Objectives: To compare the frequency of excellent intubation condition with Succinylcholine and rocuronium for rapid sequence induction in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Conclusion: It has been proved in our study that both the succinylcholine and rocuronium are statically equally effective in terms of excellent intubation conditions in the management of rapid sequence induction in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. keywords: anesthesia; conditions; group; intubation; patients; rocuronium; study; succinylcholine cache: jrmc02-1258.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1258.txt item: #23 of 146 id: jrmc02-129 author: Madeeha Nazar,Mudassar Iqbal, Fazal-Ur-Rahman,Rana Shakil Ahmed title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA Levels and ALT for Liver Fibrosis date: 2018-01-27 words: 2994 flesch: 51 summary: Female 23 34.8 Age (years) 25-40 5 7 41-60 37 56 >60 24 37 Pre-Hospital ECG Acquisition Pre-Hospital ECG 3 4.5 Symptomology Typical 49 74 Atypical 17 26 Discussion The prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients depends on timely administration of fibrinolytic therapy.9,10,35 American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology recommends door to needle time of 30 minutes for fibrinolytic therapy.13,15 Emergency department triage of acute myocardial infarction patients and the effect on outcomes. keywords: acute; door; ecg; fibrinolytic; hospital; infarction; minutes; needle; patients; therapy; time cache: jrmc02-129.pdf plain text: jrmc02-129.txt item: #24 of 146 id: jrmc02-1310 author:  Saba Mushtaq , Sohail Ashraf , Lubna Ghazal , Rida Zahid , Basharat Hussain , Jamil,  Saba Mushtaq , Sohail Ashraf , Lubna Ghazal , Rida Zahid , Basharat Hussain , Jamil title: Bacteriological Profile and their Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital in Wah date: 2020-09-30 words: 3553 flesch: 48 summary: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms and signs of infection during the first month of life. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of commonly isolated bacteria from patients of neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in POF hospital at Wah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Neonatal intensive care unit and Microbiology laboratory from January 2018 to December 2019. keywords: antimicrobial; bacteria; cocci; gram; isolates; negative; neonatal; sepsis; study; susceptibility; wah cache: jrmc02-1310.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1310.txt item: #25 of 146 id: jrmc02-1313 author: Mudassir Fiaz Gondal, Naeem Liaqat, Mudassir Fiaz Gondal, Naeem Liaqat title: Development of Pediatric Surgery department in resource-limiting country date: 2019-12-31 words: 965 flesch: 48 summary: Paediatric surgery department cannot work alone; rather it is a team-based approach which needs 193 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2019; 23(4): 192-193 exclusive support from paediatric medicine, anaesthesia and intensive care units (ICU) staff (7, 8). Developing paediatric surgery services at public sector hospitals is direly needed. keywords: care; department; paediatric; surgery cache: jrmc02-1313.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1313.txt item: #26 of 146 id: jrmc02-138 author: Abdul Rauf 1, Muhammad Bilal , Farhan Rasheed , Shazia Shamas , Qasim Shahzad Butt , Aadil Hussain title: Association of ADIPOQ Non-Synonymous SNPs with Type 2 Diabetes-A Bioinformatics Study date: 2018-01-27 words: 2806 flesch: 44 summary: 1 Benign lesions like benign ovarian masses or functional changes need more conservative approach like either close observation or laparoscopic surgery, whereas malignant tumours require urgent laparotomy and in most of cases patient is being referred for further chemotherapy or radiotherapy by involving oncologists.2 Several attempts have been made to distinguish between the conditions in the past but with the availability of high-resolution ultrasound machines, colour doppler ultrasound is a possible technique for differentiation of benign from malignant adnexal masses as well as for early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma for several years. Histopathological features of malignant tumours include nuclear atypia and degree of mitoses (> 12 per 10 high-power fields) p53, BRCA1/2 genes and other genetic mutations, solid and cystic areas, extensive haemorrhage and necrosis and degree of micro-invasion. Results Between January 2014 to December 2014, 229 patients initially diagnosed as ovarian tumours were recruited to undergo e-flow colour trans-abdominal, doppler ultrasound examinations. keywords: adnexal; benign; doppler; flow; index; malignant; masses; patients; ultrasound cache: jrmc02-138.pdf plain text: jrmc02-138.txt item: #27 of 146 id: jrmc02-14 author: Tabassum Naveed , Naveed Mazhar Bhatti , Romana Malik, Tabassum Naveed , Naveed Mazhar Bhatti , Romana Malik title: Perception of Medical Students Regarding Case Based Learning date: 2018-01-21 words: 2136 flesch: 52 summary: The results of the study are statistically significant and show that perception of students regarding cased based learning is affected by usefulness of the session, usefulness of clinical cases, their ability to correlate clinical cases, group discussion, interpersonal skills, feedback by students, teachers and their overall impression. Key Words: Case based learning, Interpersonal skills, Group discussions, Critical thinking. keywords: case; cbl; learning; medical; perception; students; study cache: jrmc02-14.pdf plain text: jrmc02-14.txt item: #28 of 146 id: jrmc02-1414 author: Shagufta Malik ,Musab Riaz title: Living with COVID-19 pandemic – Emerging challenges for ultrasound physicians and their suggested solution date: 2020-07-17 words: 4537 flesch: 47 summary: New challenges have emerged for ultrasound physicians engaged in diagnostic ultrasound examinations. Pre-examination safeguard measures 101 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2020; 24 COVID-19 Supplement-1: 99-107 a. Appointments All appointments for ultrasound examinations must be on the telephone or using IT platforms such as e-mail or WhatsApp; all offline walk-in appointments to be discouraged. keywords: area; cleaning; coronavirus; covid-19; disinfection; examination; medical; patient; solution; staff; triage; ultrasound; use cache: jrmc02-1414.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1414.txt item: #29 of 146 id: jrmc02-1416 author: Obaid ur Rahman , Nayyar Qayyum, Afzaal Aleem Khan, Mohammad Ammar Aslam, Zohaib Haider, Obaid ur Rahman , Nayyar Qayyum, Afzaal Aleem Khan, Mohammad Ammar Aslam, Zohaib Haider title: Meeting the Challenge of COVID-19 in DHQ Orthopaedic Department date: 2020-08-13 words: 2934 flesch: 51 summary: Patients were guided about Rehabilitation and wound care at home.5 COVID STATUS OF PATIENTS Being a public sector hospital neither the hospital nor the patient could afford the cost of PCR Tests for each of our patients being operated. Only trauma and urgent tumor surgery patients were admitted. keywords: apr; covid-19; department; health; hospital; medical; pandemic; patients; rawalpindi; surgery cache: jrmc02-1416.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1416.txt item: #30 of 146 id: jrmc02-1419 author: Muhammad Khurram title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University date: 2020-06-23 words: 1597 flesch: 55 summary: Fear and anxiety of getting COVID-19 were noted in health care workers when they were involved in COVID-19 patient management. They constitute up to 80% of COVID-19 patients. keywords: allied; covid-19; medical; medicine; rawalpindi; rmu cache: jrmc02-1419.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1419.txt item: #31 of 146 id: jrmc02-1443 author: Abdul Rasheed Qureshi ,Zaheer Akhtar ,Muhammad Irfan ,Muhammad Sajid ,Zeeshan Ashraf title: Diagnostic value of HRCT-Thorax for pandemic COVID-19 pneumonia in Pakistan date: 2020-08-13 words: 4379 flesch: 56 summary: Chest X-ray PA view is limited in its ability to detect the early involvement of lung with COVID- 19 infection.5 In contrast, HRCT-Thorax has been reported as a good tool for evidence-based diagnosis in the current epidemic, providing immediate results with high sensitivity and adequate specificity for COVID-19 pneumonia and the extent of pulmonary disease.6-7 HRCT-thorax can play a pivotal role by identifying the early phase lung infection and have been recommended as major evidence for clinical diagnosis in China.8 Current researchers have reported the sensitivity of HRCT for COVID-19 infection more than 90% as compared to PCR around 60-70%. The presentation of COVID-19 disease ranges from mild to an extensive disease requiring mechanical ventilation. keywords: cases; chest; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; hrct; patients; pcr; pneumonia; sensitivity; study; thorax cache: jrmc02-1443.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1443.txt item: #32 of 146 id: jrmc02-1468 author: Mansoor Abbas Qaisar , Zain ul Abideen , Fateh Sher Chattah , Muhammad Nadeem , Zahid Hafeez, Mansoor Abbas Qaisar , Zain ul Abideen , Fateh Sher Chattah , Muhammad Nadeem , Zahid Hafeez title: Comparison of Paricalcitol (I.V) and Alfacalcidol (I.V) in Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in Hemodialysis Patients date: 2020-12-30 words: 3429 flesch: 45 summary: Xie Y, Su P, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhao R, Li L, et al.Comparative efficacy and safety of paricalcitol versus vitamin D receptor activators for dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The studied patients were in better condition as they had a stable hemoglobin 10.81mg/dL (SD 0.76) and albumin 40.2 g/L (SD 3.7) as compared to other patients. keywords: alfacalcidol; calcium; hyperparathyroidism; paricalcitol; patients; period; study; vitamin cache: jrmc02-1468.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1468.txt item: #33 of 146 id: jrmc02-1476 author: Faiza Zeeshan, Fakhur Uddin, Bahram Khan, Talat Zehra, Sadaf Razzak, Zareen Irshad, Faiza Zeeshan, Fakhur Uddin, Bahram Khan, Talat Zehra, Sadaf Razzak, Zareen Irshad title: A clinico-mycological spectrum of superficial mycoses of scalp in pediatric population: A clinico-mycological spectrum of superficial mycoses of scalp date: 2020-12-30 words: 2842 flesch: 52 summary: The mycoses of the scalp are mainly amalgamated with tinea infections, commonly termed as tinea capitis. The etiologic agents of tinea capitis are Trichophyton and Microsporum species of dermatophytes. keywords: capitis; cases; children; culture; dermatophytes; fungal; medical; scalp; study; tinea cache: jrmc02-1476.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1476.txt item: #34 of 146 id: jrmc02-1492 author: Fazal Ghani, Fazal Ghani title: Editorial Fallow Time and Managing Aerosol Generation in Dental Clinics–Current Evidence and Financial Investment Implications date: 2020-12-30 words: 1212 flesch: 45 summary: The review while admitting us as professionals to be familiar with AGPs but for the first time it has delineated between the different categories of AGPs including:  High-risk dental procedures that require fallow time and …  The use of high-volume suction, already estimated to be used by 94% of dental practices in the UK, could reduce fallow time to 20-minutes if applied effectively. keywords: review; sdcep; time cache: jrmc02-1492.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1492.txt item: #35 of 146 id: jrmc02-15 author: Muhammad Ajmal, Syed Muhammad Ali Shah, Mobeen Hussain Kayani, Waqar Akhtar, Muhammad Ajmal, Syed Muhammad Ali Shah, Mobeen Hussain Kayani, Waqar Akhtar title: Development of Fundal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients after Eradication of Esophageal Varices date: 2017-09-30 words: 2436 flesch: 60 summary: Sample size was calculated to be 150 patients using 95% confidence level with 5% margin of error with an expected percentage of new fundal varices in 16% of patients after band ligation.5 Non-probability consecutive sampling method was used and patients who had liver cirrhosis with the history of upper GI bleed and esophageal varices of grade F2 and F3 but absence of fundal varices on endoscopy were included in study. SUMMARY Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2017;21(3): 197-200 197 Original Article Development of Fundal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients after Eradication of Esophageal Varices Muhammad Ajmal, Syed Muhammad Ali Shah, Mobeen Hussain Kayani, Waqar Akhtar Department of Medicine,Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital Gujrat Abstract Background: To analyze the development of fundal varices in cirrhotic patients after eradication of esophageal varices Methods: In this observational study 150 patients of liver cirrhosis, with the history of upper gastrointestinal tract bleed and esophageal varices of grade F2 and F3 but absence of fundal varices, were included. keywords: esophageal; fundal; gastric; months; patients; study; varices cache: jrmc02-15.pdf plain text: jrmc02-15.txt item: #36 of 146 id: jrmc02-1557 author: Usman Zafar, Sadia Zafar, Nadia Tariq, Farah Rashid, Khalid Hassan title: Frequency and Risk factors of Low Birth Weight in Rawalpindi, Pakistan date: 2021-06-30 words: 3649 flesch: 64 summary: The mean weight among low birth weight babies was 2.112 ± 0.346 while among normal and macrosomic babies, the mean weight was 3.124 ± 0.511. This is similar to a study conducted in South Africa where Women who attended fewer than five ANC visits were predisposed to have low birth weight babies. keywords: babies; birth; factors; frequency; lbw; maternal; risk; study; weight cache: jrmc02-1557.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1557.txt item: #37 of 146 id: jrmc02-16 author: Agha Babar Hussain , Muhammad Ali Rathore , Inaam Qadir Javed Hashmi , Eijaz Ghani , Muhammad Idrees Khan , Agha Babar Hussain , Muhammad Ali Rathore , Inaam Qadir Javed Hashmi , Eijaz Ghani , Muhammad Idrees Khan title: Status of Hepatitis Be Antigen in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients from Various Regions of Pakistan date: 2017-09-30 words: 2714 flesch: 52 summary: Department of Virology , Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi;5 Division of Molecular Virology, Centre Of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Abstract Background: To determine the distribution of HBeAg in chronic hepatitis B patients from different regions of Pakistan. Conclusion: There was a male predominance among Hepatitis B virus infected patients .Maximum cases were between 20 to 50 years of age. keywords: age; cases; hbeag; hbv; hepatitis; infection; patients; study; years cache: jrmc02-16.pdf plain text: jrmc02-16.txt item: #38 of 146 id: jrmc02-1607 author: Naseer Ahmed, Sunia Gul, Eruj Shuja, Arsalan Maqbool, Wasim Ibrahim, Muhammad Adil Asim title: Frequency of Post-Operative Bleeding after Dental Extraction among Patients on Chronic Low Dose Aspirin date: 2021-06-30 words: 2707 flesch: 50 summary: Hasan S, Akhter M, Khan SH, Sharmin D, Karim MM, Rahman R. Evaluation of post-extraction bleeding in patients taking low dose aspirin. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of post-operative bleeding after dental extraction among patients on chronic low-dose aspirin. keywords: aspirin; bleeding; dental; extraction; journal; patients; post; study; therapy cache: jrmc02-1607.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1607.txt item: #39 of 146 id: jrmc02-1611 author: Sidra Saleem, Sidra Saleem title: COVID-19 Vaccine, Myths, and Facts date: 2021-03-30 words: 853 flesch: 63 summary: However, there has been some misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccine formulations, uses, side effects, and effectiveness. The good news is there finally, as a result of collaboration between scientists and pharmaceutical companies many vaccines have been developed and massive immunization programmes have been in effect. keywords: covid-19; myths; vaccine cache: jrmc02-1611.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1611.txt item: #40 of 146 id: jrmc02-1619 author: Hassan Mumtaz, Irfan Afzal Mughal, Amna Faruqi, Noor -ul-Ain Irfan, Shamim Mumtaz, Asma Irfan title: Alanine Transaminase levels in Patients of Dengue Fever in the Suburbs of Islamabad date: 2021-09-30 words: 2452 flesch: 57 summary: Figure 1: Distribution of Dengue patients according to sex Figure 2: Distribution of Dengue patients according to age Table 1: ALT and AST levels in different age groups Age groups(yrs) Number of patients=n ALT IU/L (mean + SD) AST IU/L (mean + SD) 9-18 15 117.9+108 186.1+120 19-25 32 101.2+112 133.7+124 26-35 36 84.5+59 118.1+65 36-45 19 89.2+73 127.6+83 46-55 10 70.2+135 96.1+41 56-65 2 212.5+152 276.5+173 66-75 4 85.50+77 158.0+98 Table 2: Relationship between age groups and ALT levels Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymptomatic Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 132.132 72 0.001 Likelihood Ratio 71.966 72 .479 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.426 1 .232 N of Valid Cases 118 *** Highly significant Table 3: Association and relationship of age and ALT levels Value Significance Nominal by Nominal Phi 1.058 0.001 Cramer' s V .432 0.0001 Interval by Interval Pearson's R .110 .234 Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .096 .300 N of Valid Cases 118 Discussion We witnessed in our study that in Pakistan, the spread of dengue infection mainly occurred in August and September and we found our results to conform to a national report published previously. Dengue infection is prevalent in the tropics, with local disparities in risk depending on temperature, rain, and unexpected fast migration of people to urban areas.2 In the 1950s, documentation of severe dengue was done, during a dengue epidemic in the Philippines and Thailand. keywords: age; alt; college; dengue; fever; islamabad; levels; patients; study cache: jrmc02-1619.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1619.txt item: #41 of 146 id: jrmc02-1630 author: Anam Zafar , Nahdia Zaman , Sonia Fazal title: COVID-19 leading to amputation in an eleven-year-old: A Case Report date: 2021-08-31 words: 1629 flesch: 50 summary: Galanis N, Stavraka C, Agathangelidis F, Petsatodis E, Giankoulof C, Givissis P. Coagulopathy in COVID-19 infection: a case of acute upper limb ischemia. Here, we report a case of 11 years old child who developed gangrene of bilateral lower limbs after mild COVID-19 illness that ended in below-knee amputation. keywords: case; children; covid-19; patient; rawalpindi; report cache: jrmc02-1630.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1630.txt item: #42 of 146 id: jrmc02-1650 author: Farah Rashid , Sadia Zafar , Usman Zafar , Nadia Tariq , Khalid Hassan title: Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of SARS CoV-2 Antibodies among employees of IMDC and its teaching hospital date: 2021-08-31 words: 3348 flesch: 55 summary: Fusco FM, Pisaturo M, Iodice V, Bellopede R, Tambaro O, Parrella G, et al. COVID-19 among healthcare workers in a specialist infectious diseases setting in Naples, Southern Italy: results of a cross-sectional surveillance study. Zafar, U., Rashid, F., Zafar, S., Tariq, N., Hassan, K. Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of SARS CoV-2 Antibodies among employees of IMDC and its teaching hospital. keywords: antibodies; antibody; college; cov-2; covid-19; islamabad; sars; study; workers cache: jrmc02-1650.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1650.txt item: #43 of 146 id: jrmc02-1653 author: Wajeeha Rasool , Kanwal Zareen Abbasi , Maria Zubair ,Misbah Munshi ,Rehmah Sarfraz , Fuad A K Niazi title: Impact of COVID-19 on Ophthalmologists date: 2021-08-31 words: 2891 flesch: 57 summary: The results showed compliance towards statements and harmony amongst opinions, thus endorsed that COVID-19 has a definitive impact on the professional lives of ophthalmologists COVID-19 has influenced the professional lives of ophthalmologists. But fortunately, health workers were not found to be the main source of transmitting covid to families.22 41.18% of respondents disagree with the idea of leaving the job and show optimism, despite ophthalmology practice being badly affected globally.23 Statements 16 to 20 were related to patient care 51.47% of our respondents agreed that patient care during COVID-19 has deteriorated. keywords: covid-19; doi; medical; ophthalmologists; ophthalmology; pandemic; rawalpindi; respondents; statements; survey cache: jrmc02-1653.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1653.txt item: #44 of 146 id: jrmc02-1655 author: Raheel Raza, Saima Ambreen, Hassan Mumtaz, Shahzaib Ahmad, Hadin Darain Khan title: Polycythemia Secondary to Pheochromocytoma date: 2021-12-31 words: 2053 flesch: 54 summary: Diagnostic value of various biochemical parameters for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in patients with adrenal mass. 560 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2021; 25(4): 560-563 Case Report Polycythemia Secondary to Pheochromocytoma Raheel Raza1, Saima Ambreen2, Hassan Mumtaz3, Shazaib Ahmad4, Hadin Darain Khan5 1 Post-graduate Trainee, Department of Medicine, Medical Unit-I, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. keywords: blood; case; catecholamines; doi; medical; patient; pheochromocytoma; pmid; polycythemia; rawalpindi cache: jrmc02-1655.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1655.txt item: #45 of 146 id: jrmc02-1658 author: Faryal Noman, Nusrat Noor; Rabiah Anwar, Rabiya Akbar; Khan Muhammad Yaqub title: Comparison of frequency of low APGAR score in babies born to normotensive patients with and without hyperuricemia in a tertiary care hospital date: 2021-09-30 words: 3234 flesch: 56 summary: At normal physiologic concentrations, excellent anti-oxidant activity is exhibited by uric acid, but in the case when uric acid exceeds normal levels in plasma, oxidative damage is triggered. Though not proven, the circulating uric acid may be directly responsible for the adverse fetal outcome rather than these effects being observed due to pre-eclampsia and other diseases indirectly.9 It has been shown that uric acid freely crosses the placenta. keywords: acid; age; apgar; group; hyperuricemia; maternal; patients; score; study; uric cache: jrmc02-1658.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1658.txt item: #46 of 146 id: jrmc02-17 author: Sadaf Zaman , Muhammad Rizwan Mahmud ,Mohammad Ali Khalid ,Aqsa Zahid,Sadaf Khalid,Irum Kabir, Shehzad Manzoor, Haider Zaigham Baqai, Sadaf Zaman , Muhammad Rizwan Mahmud ,Mohammad Ali Khalid ,Aqsa Zahid,Sadaf Khalid,Irum Kabir, Shehzad Manzoor, Haider Zaigham Baqai title: Effectiveness of Vitamin D in Prevention of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome date: 2017-09-30 words: 2250 flesch: 60 summary: The relationship between Vitamin D supplements and Progression to DHF was significant, X2 (2, N=170) =16.43, p= 0.000. Albuquerque LM, Trugilho MRO, Chapeaurouge A. Two- dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DiGE) analysis of plasmas from dengue fever patients. keywords: calcium; dengue; dhf; fever; group; patients; risk; study; vitamin cache: jrmc02-17.pdf plain text: jrmc02-17.txt item: #47 of 146 id: jrmc02-1711 author: Salma Ambreen Shahab, Iram Tassaduq, Ayesha Haque, Aqsa Naheed, Maleeha Zafar, Iram Zakria title: Study of the Factors that Influence the Completion of the Thesis of Master of Health Professions Education Graduates: A Qualitative Study date: 2021-09-30 words: 3746 flesch: 46 summary: Conclusion: Several factors were identified which influenced thesis completion among the graduates of MHPE in Pakistan. Along with coursework, thesis completion is a major requirement to complete the course. keywords: completion; education; factors; medical; motivation; self; study; supervisor; thesis cache: jrmc02-1711.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1711.txt item: #48 of 146 id: jrmc02-1713 author: Zafar Ali, Asna Haroon, Ghazala Mudassir, Summera Moeen, Zafar Ali, Asna Haroon, Ghazala Mudassir, Summera Moeen title: Pathological Spectrum of Solitary Fibrous Tumours: A Study of 25 Cases Diagnosed at a Tertiary Care Institute date: 2022-03-31 words: 3421 flesch: 56 summary: In this study we evaluated the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of SFT cases in our hospital. Localized benign and malignant fibrous tumors of the pleura. keywords: benign; cases; cd34; doi; malignant; sft; solitary; stat6; study; tumor cache: jrmc02-1713.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1713.txt item: #49 of 146 id: jrmc02-1715 author: Syed Fahd Shah, Zahid Mehmood Minhas, Malik Jawad Faisal, Syed Hussain Shah, Syed Zubair Shah title: Inguinal Hernia Repair on Day Care Basis During Global COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2021-12-31 words: 3549 flesch: 65 summary: British National Health Services criteria for COVID-19 surgical patients were used.7 All adult patients (preferably above 50 years) were included in the study who had persistent pain, irreducible hernia, or increase risk of obstruction. Inguinal hernia surgery can be performed under local anesthesia on a daycare basis in the selected group of patients taking all necessary precautions for COVID-19. keywords: basis; covid-19; daycare; doi; hernia; hospital; hours; pain; pandemic; patients; study; surgery cache: jrmc02-1715.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1715.txt item: #50 of 146 id: jrmc02-1716 author: Safina Hameed Qureshi, Sania Hameed Qureshi, Syed Fahd Shah, Farid Ullah Shah, Syed Zubair Shah, Syed Hussain Shah title: Frequency of Capillary leak syndrome in Dengue fever Patients date: 2021-12-31 words: 2872 flesch: 62 summary: The present study conducted on dengue fever patients is an attempt to describe capillary leak syndrome who were admitted. 495 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2021; 25(4): 495-498 Original Article Frequency of Capillary leak syndrome in Dengue fever Patients Safina Hameed Qureshi1, Sania Hameed Qureshi2, Syed Fahd Shah3, Farid keywords: dengue; doi; effusion; fever; leak; leakage; patients; study; syndrome cache: jrmc02-1716.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1716.txt item: #51 of 146 id: jrmc02-1717 author: Ahmad Ussaid, Farwa Pervaiz, Wajid Ali Rafai, Faisal Amin Baig, Sarwat Hassan Syed, Ahsan Masud title: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Final Year Medical Students: Single Center Study date: 2021-12-31 words: 3262 flesch: 50 summary: The impact of COVID-19 was assessed on hospital clinical rotations, medical written exams, OSPEs, and clinical ward tests for final year medical students and their preparedness for final year professional examination and house jobs. (a-d), n = 112 A B C D 503 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2021; 25(4): 499-506 Figure 2: Stacked bar chart of Likert questions illustrating answers by Final year medical students on: supplemented learning following earlier assistance in hospitals, confidence in earlier assistance, satisfaction with COVID-19 precautions, and level of preparedness for exams due to these precautions Table 1 keywords: college; covid-19; education; impact; medical; rotations; students; study; year cache: jrmc02-1717.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1717.txt item: #52 of 146 id: jrmc02-1720 author: Riaz Ahmed title: Hesitancy In Getting COVID-19 Vaccine – An Alarming Concern date: 2021-06-30 words: 372 flesch: 44 summary: In a newly released correspondence, it was reported that prospective healthcare practitioners would need assistance and adequate education in order to assist society in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Also medical students, who are most likely to come into contact with COVID-19 patients, are reluctant to receive vaccinations.2 151 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2020; 25(2): 151 Editorial Hesitancy in Getting COVID-19 Vaccine – An Alarming Concern Riaz Ahmed1 1 Dean Orthopaedics, Neurosurgery & Trauma Department, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi. keywords: covid-19; vaccine cache: jrmc02-1720.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1720.txt item: #53 of 146 id: jrmc02-1723 author: Naeem Liaqat, Maria Ata, Nida -e- Haider, Naeem Liaqat, Maria Ata, Nida -e- Haider title: Relationship between empathy and personality traits in students of a Public Sector Medical University date: 2022-10-27 words: 3294 flesch: 58 summary: Characterizing changes in student empathy throughout medical school. 30 Jun. 2022; 26(2): 185-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v26i2.1723 Conflict of Interest: Nil Funding Source: Nil Access Online: Abstract Introduction: Empathy among medical students and doctors, is a rather unexplored part of medical flora and fauna which may vary with each personality. keywords: empathy; medical; personality; scale; students; study; traits cache: jrmc02-1723.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1723.txt item: #54 of 146 id: jrmc02-1727 author: Jawad Ahmad, Alaf Khan, Muhammad Jamal, Anam Javed, Jawad Ahmad, Alaf Khan, Muhammad Jamal, Anam Javed title: Frequency of Impacted Third Molar in Mandibular Angle Fractures in Patients Presenting to Ayub Teaching Hospital date: 2022-03-31 words: 2575 flesch: 51 summary: They concluded that there are about nine times higher chances of mandibular fractures in the presence of an impacted third molar.13 Another study reported that the prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars was 26.04%.14 After analyzing panoramic radiographs and intraoral periapical radiographs of patients. Association between impacted mandibular third molar and occurrence of mandibular angle fracture: A radiological study. keywords: angle; fractures; impaction; mandibular; molar; patients; study cache: jrmc02-1727.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1727.txt item: #55 of 146 id: jrmc02-1734 author: Saima Naseem, Ambreen Fatima, Sahar Iqbal, Fatima Fasih, Syed Talha Naeem, Uzma Bukhari title: Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin, effective oral empirical treatment options against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli date: 2021-12-31 words: 2787 flesch: 45 summary: Both maintain high urinary concentration and minimal toxicity in comparison to newer antibiotics and have been considered as safe and effective drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women.7 With this background, a study is designed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of E. coli which may help in prescribing effective empirical treatment of urinary tract infection. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v25i4.1734 Conflict of Interest: Nil Funding Source: Nil Access Online: Abstract Objective: The present study is designed to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli to assist in forecasting empirical therapy of urinary tract infection. keywords: antibiotic; coli; fosfomycin; infection; journal; nitrofurantoin; resistance; study; susceptibility; tract cache: jrmc02-1734.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1734.txt item: #56 of 146 id: jrmc02-1750 author: Soban Sarwar Gondal, Abeera Zareen, Muhammad Haroon Anwar, Jawad Zaheer, Muhammad Salim title: Comparison of Intraarticular Ketorolac Versus Triamcinolone Acetone Injection in Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis date: 2021-12-31 words: 2705 flesch: 46 summary: Materials and Methods: In this randomized double-blind comparative study, we included patients of knee OA who were planned for intra-articular injections from January-2020 to December-2020 in the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine at Rawalpindi Medical University. However, limited literature is available regarding the efficacy of ketorolac in comparison to corticosteroids for intra-articular injection in knee OA patients. keywords: articular; group; intra; ketorolac; knee; osteoarthritis; patients; rawalpindi; score; study cache: jrmc02-1750.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1750.txt item: #57 of 146 id: jrmc02-1764 author: Romana Bibi, Rafi Ullah, Muhammad Izhar, Sijad ur Rehman, Kainat Sheikh, Kalsoom Essa Bhattani title: Cathetar Related Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Single Centre Study date: 2021-12-31 words: 2311 flesch: 47 summary: A maximum number of pathogens were sensitive to intravenous meropenem (65%) given in table 4 and oral foscin (55%).5,8 The spectrum of urinary tract pathogens isolated from urine samples in this study is similar to the findings of Nicolle LE et 3. Tessema B, Kassu A, Mulu A, Yismaw G. Predominant isolates of urinary tract pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Gondar University Teaching Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. keywords: care; infections; medical; pathogens; patients; resistance; sensitivity; study; tract cache: jrmc02-1764.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1764.txt item: #58 of 146 id: jrmc02-1767 author: Sumbal Rana, Faisal Wahid, Ali Arslan Munir, Syed Ehtesham Haider Naqvi, Zahoor Iqbal Mirza, Sohail Raziq title: Comparison of Ondansetron & Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Post Spinal Shivering date: 2021-12-31 words: 2788 flesch: 54 summary: If shivering of grade 3 continued beyond 15 minutes despite IV administration of study drugs and we needed to administer a rescue dose of pethidine 0.5mg/kg, then it was considered a significant side effect of the intrathecal block. Ejiro et al conducted a study comparing ONDANSETRON, TRAMADOL & placebo and found shivering 20%, 16.7%, and 53% in these groups respective by making it comparable to TRAMADOL in efficacy with minimal side effects.13 Mittal G compared Dexmedetomidine with Tramadol for post-spinal shivering time taken for cessation of shivering was significantly short. keywords: dexmedetomidine; group; hypothermia; ondansetron; patients; rawalpindi; shivering; spinal; study cache: jrmc02-1767.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1767.txt item: #59 of 146 id: jrmc02-1773 author: Haitham Akaash, Fatima Shahid, Nousheen Qureshi, Nayer Ayub, Asmara Hussain, Sundas Masood title: Castleman Disease Mimicking Neurogenic Tumor Radiologically: A Case Report date: 2021-12-31 words: 1713 flesch: 48 summary: Nil Funding Source: Nil Access Online: Abstract Introduction: Castleman disease which is also called giant lymph node hyperplasia is an uncommon benign B cell lymphoproliferative A postoperatively histopathology sample was sent which was identified as a case of Castleman disease. keywords: case; castleman; disease; hyaline; mass; rawalpindi cache: jrmc02-1773.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1773.txt item: #60 of 146 id: jrmc02-1788 author: Muhammad Waseem, Maryam Rafiq, M Haseeb Malik title: Bilateral Chylothorax Post Blunt Trauma: A Case Report date: 2021-12-31 words: 1496 flesch: 59 summary: Keywords: Blunt chest trauma, Chylothorax, Triglyceride. It should, however, be evaluated in cases that develop pleural effusion after blunt trauma, as it can result in lethal consequences.5 The purpose of this study is to describe a case of chylothorax caused by blunt chest trauma and to discuss treatment options. keywords: blunt; case; chest; chylothorax; medical; trauma cache: jrmc02-1788.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1788.txt item: #61 of 146 id: jrmc02-18 author: Saima Khurshid Ahmed, Rubina Ashraf , Lubna Ejaz Khaloon, Saima Khurshid Ahmed, Rubina Ashraf , Lubna Ejaz Khaloon title: Comparison of Sublingual Misoprostol and Manual Vacuum Aspiration for the Treatment of Incomplete Abortion in First Trimester in Terms of Frequency of Decreased Haemoglobin Levels date: 2017-09-30 words: 2086 flesch: 61 summary: Women in misoprostol group were more willing to re use the method next time and were satisfied with the entire procedure.17 18 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2017;21(3): 208-210 210 Fateen et al. and Madden et al reported that misoprostol group is associated with less complications as compared to MVA.10 19 Other studies have reported that for uncomplicated incomplete abortion in first trimester MVA and misoprostol are equally effective, safe and acceptable to the patients. Sochet et al. reported their mean age in misoprostol group was 28.1±7.2 SD while in MVA group mean age was 28.7±7.1SD.14 15In our study mean fall in hemoglobin level <1g/dl from baseline level was reported in misoprostol group while a mean fall of <0.5g/dl from baseline level was reported in MVA group. keywords: abortion; age; group; level; misoprostol; mva; trimester cache: jrmc02-18.pdf plain text: jrmc02-18.txt item: #62 of 146 id: jrmc02-1804 author: Din, Mohi Ud; Shahid, Umer; Qudoos, Abdul; Ahmed, Roman; Sohail, Muazzama; Javed, Saima title: Covid-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among medical students of Faisalabad date: 2023-06-24 words: 3940 flesch: 57 summary: A study done by Amar Ibrahim Omer Yahia et al showed that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was higher among women and those living in urban areas.15 These results are similar to our study where female participants and urban dwellers showed more resistance to vaccination. Threat of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan: the need for measures to neutralize misleading narratives. keywords: acceptance; college; concerns; covid-19; health; hesitancy; medical; participants; students; study; vaccination; vaccine cache: jrmc02-1804.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1804.txt item: #63 of 146 id: jrmc02-1814 author: Asif Maqsood Butt, Omaima Asif title: A Viewpoint on Clinical Approach towards Assessment of Chronic Shoulder Pain date: 2022-01-27 words: 3876 flesch: 49 summary: Keywords: Shoulder pain, Differential diagnosis, orthopedic special tests. Shoulder pain accounts for around 16 percent of all musculoskeletal complaints and it is the third most common cause of bone and joints consultation in primary care.1 Shoulder problems can be divided into six major diagnostic categories including rotator cuff tendinosis, rotator cuff tears, adhesive capsulitis, glenohumeral osteoarthritis, glenohumeral instability, and acromioclavicular joint pathology. keywords: cuff; doi; pain; patient; rotator; sens; shoulder; spec; test cache: jrmc02-1814.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1814.txt item: #64 of 146 id: jrmc02-1815 author: Lubna Ghazal, Saba Mushtaq, Sohail Ashraf, Saima Rafique, Muhammad Bilal, Naila Iqbal, Lubna Ghazal, Saba Mushtaq, Sohail Ashraf, Saima Rafique, Muhammad Bilal, Naila Iqbal title: Evaluation and Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococci Isolated From Clinical Specimens in POF Hospital, Wah Cantt. date: 2022-10-26 words: 3819 flesch: 38 summary: Resistant 51(56.0%) 40(44.0%) Linezolid Susceptible 90(50.0 %) 90(50.0 %) 1.000 Resistant 2(50.0 %) 2(50.0 %) Meropenem Susceptible 0(0 %) 86(100 %) 0.000 Resistant 64(52.5%) keywords: aureus; college; doi; isolates; medical; methicillin; resistance; sensitive; specimens; staphylococci; study; susceptibility; wah cache: jrmc02-1815.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1815.txt item: #65 of 146 id: jrmc02-1834 author: Muhammad Saleem, Ashar Alamgir, Syeda Jamila Ali, Hafiz Sajjad Hyder, Sarwat Bibi, Sumara Tabassum, Muhammad Saleem, Ashar Alamgir, Syeda Jamila Ali, Hafiz Sajjad Hyder, Sarwat Bibi, Sumara Tabassum title: Conventional Cold steel and Modern technique BiZact LigaSure for tonsillectomy: A comparative analysis date: 2022-10-26 words: 2594 flesch: 53 summary: The blood loss calculated in Group A patients who underwent BiZact LigaSure tonsillectomy was 0.39 0.15 and in Group B, 15.9 2.65. Post-operative pain was also recorded as a significant variable for BiZact LigaSure. keywords: bizact; group; ligasure; pain; patients; study; tonsillectomy cache: jrmc02-1834.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1834.txt item: #66 of 146 id: jrmc02-1906 author: Mumtaz Ahmad, Neelam Zaka, Inayat ur Rahman, Sehrish Mumtaz, Mobina Ahsan Dodhy, Mumtaz Ahmad, Neelam Zaka, Inayat ur Rahman, Sehrish Mumtaz, Mobina Ahsan Dodhy; Lubna Meraj, Lubna Meraj title: Perception of Doctors towards Relationship with Pharmaceutical Industry date: 2022-10-25 words: 6439 flesch: 47 summary: 321 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2022; 26(2): 321-329 Original Article Perception of Doctors towards Relationship with Pharmaceutical Industry Mumtaz Ahmad1, Neelam Zaka2, Inayat ur Rahman3, Sehrish Mumtaz4, Mobina Ahsan Dodhy5, Lubna Meraj6 1 Professor, Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, AJK. Cite this Article: Ahmad, M., Zaka, N., Rahman, I., Mumtaz, S., Dodhy, M.A., Meraj, L. Perception of Doctors towards Relationship with Pharmaceutical Industry. keywords: companies; doctors; experience; gifts; industry; medical; pharmaceutical; relationship; study; years cache: jrmc02-1906.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1906.txt item: #67 of 146 id: jrmc02-1913 author: Rahman Rasool Akhtar, Riaz Ahmed, Omair Ashraf, Rahman Rasool Akhtar, Riaz Ahmed, Omair Ashraf title: Outcome of Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures Treated by Proximal Femoral Nail in a Tertiary Care Hospital date: 2022-03-31 words: 3296 flesch: 58 summary: Conclusion: Proximal Femoral Nail is a good choice implant for the fixation of subtrochanteric femur fractures leading to a high rate of union, fewer implant-related complications, and excellent functional outcomes. 142 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2022; 26(1): 141-145 Introduction Strong deforming stresses at the fracture site, a shaky blood supply, and enormous load-bearing forces exerted through the peri-trochanteric region make subtrochanteric femur fractures challenging to treat. keywords: duration; femur; fractures; nail; patients; rawalpindi; results; study; subtrochanteric cache: jrmc02-1913.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1913.txt item: #68 of 146 id: jrmc02-1921 author: Muhammad Mudassar, Shireen Hamid, Muhammad Sarwar Zia, Sadia Hameed, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Asif Aleem, title: Sub-categorization of Pediatric Small Round Blue Cell Tumors using Immunohistochemistry date: 2022-09-30 words: 4473 flesch: 59 summary: One such scenario is small round blue cell tumors. Small round blue cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: A differential diagnosis approach. keywords: cases; cell; cell lymphoma; cell tumors; diagnosis; immunohistochemistry; internet; lymphoma; min; round; sarcoma; study; tumors cache: jrmc02-1921.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1921.txt item: #69 of 146 id: jrmc02-1947 author: Muhammad Azeem-ur- Rehman, Muhammad Asim Saddique, Muhammad Bilal, Kashif Rauf, Komal Jabeen, Qudsia Anjum Qureshi, title: The frequency of stroke-acquired pneumonia in patients admitted to ICU with Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) date: 2022-09-30 words: 4240 flesch: 64 summary: According to various studies done in the past on stroke patients, the frequency of stroke-acquired pneumonia ranged from 3.9 to 44% of cases that were admitted to the stroke units.20 In a prospective study, 412 patients with acute stroke were included. keywords: care; cases; duration; hospital; hours; medical; patients; pneumonia; risk; sap; stroke; study cache: jrmc02-1947.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1947.txt item: #70 of 146 id: jrmc02-1963 author: Khan, Aleshba Saba; Sana, Aleeza; Sufian, Zarah; Afreen, Ammarah; Shakoor, Asma; Shuja, Eruj title: Prevalence Of Parafunctional Habits And Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms In Young Individuals Reporting To Watim Dental Hospital date: 2023-06-24 words: 2883 flesch: 54 summary: doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2017.1399649 [17] AlWarawreh AM, AlTamimi ZH, Khraisat HM, Kretschmer W. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder symptoms among orthognathic patients in southern Germany: retrospective study. The prevalence of oral parafunctional habits among the study sample was quantified on a binary scale (yes/no) where nail-biting was observed to be highly prevalent (38%), followed by mouth breathing (27%). keywords: dental; disorders; habits; joint; journal; mouth; prevalence; study; symptoms cache: jrmc02-1963.pdf plain text: jrmc02-1963.txt item: #71 of 146 id: jrmc02-2075 author: Jahangir Sarwar Khan, Jahangir Sarwar Khan title: The Journey of Postgraduate Education in Pakistan date: 2022-10-27 words: 821 flesch: 54 summary: Most teaching posts in the country were occupied by western trained doctors and most students preferred going abroad, especially to the United Kingdom for training. This resulted in the creation of limited teaching posts as well as training slots in most institutes. keywords: medical; training cache: jrmc02-2075.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2075.txt item: #72 of 146 id: jrmc02-2076 author: Muhammad Waseem, Maryam Rafiq, Muhammad Waseem, Maryam Rafiq title: Novel Disease but responding to an Old Drug: Role of Prolonged Corticosteroid Use in Prevention and Treatment of Post-Covid Interstitial Lung Disease (PC-ILD) date: 2022-06-30 words: 1627 flesch: 46 summary: Various treatment options are being considered for post-COVID ILD including corticosteroids, Pirfenidone, Nintedanib, and long-term oxygen therapy and lung transplantation.1 Figure 1: Post-COVID ILD in a 45 years diabetic Male Figure 2: Post-COVID ILD in a 56 years male Observations at COVID Management center Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal Several observations were made during the management of Post-COVID pneumonia cases in the COVID management center at Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Since there is no research-based internationally accepted strategy to prevent and treat Post-COVID ILD, a strategy based upon observations of treating pulmonologists was devised in the COVID management unit at Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal to prevent and treat Post COVID interstitial lung disease. keywords: covid; ild; lung; patients; post cache: jrmc02-2076.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2076.txt item: #73 of 146 id: jrmc02-2077 author: Eruj Shuja, Sadia Daaniyal, Osama Mushtaq, Naseer Ahmed, Ammarah Afreen, Zarah Afreen, Eruj Shuja, Sadia Daaniyal, Osama Mushtaq, Naseer Ahmed, Ammarah Afreen, Zarah Afreen title: Comparison of Efficacy of Halstead and Vazirani Akinosi Block Technique in Achieving Mandibular Anesthesia date: 2022-10-27 words: 3181 flesch: 50 summary: Unsuccessful (%) p- value Halstead technique 73.3% 26.7% <0.001 Vazirani akinosi technique 96.7% 3.3% 172 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2022; 26(2): 169-173 Discussion This study was done to compare the efficacy of the Halstead block and Vazirani Akinosi block technique. Vazirani Akinosi technique was successful in 29(96.7%) and unsuccessful in 1(3.3%) patients. keywords: akinosi; anesthesia; block; group; halstead; nerve; pain; technique; vazirani cache: jrmc02-2077.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2077.txt item: #74 of 146 id: jrmc02-2118 author: Huma Riaz, Hamzullah Khan, Shahtaj Khan, Sadaf Chiragh, title: Reticulocyte Count and Platelet Count as Predictors of Morphological Remission/Hemopoitic Recovery in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) after Induction Chemotherapy date: 2022-09-30 words: 3046 flesch: 48 summary: No 34 3286+58 Table 3: Correlations of reticulocyte count and platelet count with the number of blast cells in remission cases after induction therapy Morphological remission Reticulocyte count Reticulocyte count rs -.312** p 0.004 N 84 Platelet Count rs -.367** .327** p 0.001 0.002 N 84 84 ** Similarly, TPR can also be used as a prognostic factor in leukemia.7 We could not find literature from Pakistan documenting the predictive roles of these hematological parameters in remission cases of ALL, therefore present study was designed to determine the predictive values of reticulocyte, ANC, and platelet count in remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after induction therapy to avoid expensive (PCR, Immuno-histochemistry) and invasive (Bone marrow aspiration and trephine) procedures. keywords: acute; cases; count; leukemia; patients; platelet; remission; reticulocyte; study cache: jrmc02-2118.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2118.txt item: #75 of 146 id: jrmc02-2120 author: Akhtar Nawaz, Fazl e Manan, Nasrum Minallah, Romana Bibi, Khalil Ur Rehman, title: Comparison of Surgical Outcome of Open versus Laparoscopic Nephrectomy date: 2022-09-30 words: 3881 flesch: 52 summary: Open nephrectomy was done in 40 patients and laparoscopic nephrectomy in 38 patients. Keywords: Open nephrectomy, laparoscopic nephrectomy, tumor, HTN, DM. 390 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2022; 26(3): 389-394 Introduction Removal of a kidney is a common surgical procedure for a long. keywords: approach; days; group; laparoscopic; maximum; minimum; nephrectomy; open; patients cache: jrmc02-2120.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2120.txt item: #76 of 146 id: jrmc02-2121 author: Shabnam Tahir, Faiza Iqbal, Saima Jabeen, Asma Nawaz, Zunaira Arshad, Shazia Rasul, title: Comparison of neonatal respiratory morbidity in neonates delivered at term by elective caesarean section with and without antenatal Corticosteroid date: 2022-09-30 words: 4734 flesch: 54 summary: 395 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2022; 26(3): 395-401 Original Article Comparison of neonatal respiratory morbidity in neonates delivered at term by elective caesarean section with and without antenatal Corticosteroid Shabnam Tahir1, Faiza Iqbal2, Saima Jabeen3, Asma Nawaz4, Zunaira Arshad5, Shazia Rasul6 1 Associate Professor, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Tahir, S., Iqbal, F., Jabeen, S., Nawaz, A., Arshad, Z., Rasul, S. Comparison of neonatal respiratory morbidity in neonates delivered at term by elective caesarean section with and without antenatal Corticosteroid. keywords: age; antenatal; caesarean; delivery; dexamethasone; doi; group; morbidity; neonatal; section; study; term; weeks cache: jrmc02-2121.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2121.txt item: #77 of 146 id: jrmc02-2122 author: Nadia Mumtaz, Qaiser Shehzad Humayoun, Israr Liaquat, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Hafeez, Hifza Zeb, title: Bacteriological Spectrum of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection and Its Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern date: 2022-09-30 words: 3072 flesch: 45 summary: Amoxicillin Clavulanate NT 0% 100% Ceftriaxone NT 11% 89% Nalidixic acid NT NT Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 35% 65% 11% 89% Imipenam 20% 80% 22% 78% Ciprofloxacin 15% 85% 21 79% Ofloxacin 15% 85% 12% 88% Table 4: Frequency of Bacteriological Organism of Paediatric Patients with UTI By Age Groups Organism Age Groups (Years) P-Value 2-4 n=27 5-7 n=92 8-10 n=106 E.Coli 8(29.6%) 62(67.4%) 63(59.4%) 0.002 Klebisella 8(29.6%) 7(7.6%) 16(15.1%) 0.012 keywords: antibiotic; children; drug; infection; pattern; resistance; sensitivity; study; tract; urinary; uti cache: jrmc02-2122.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2122.txt item: #78 of 146 id: jrmc02-2123 author: Sarwat Jahan, Abdus Salam, Farrukh Ansar, Manzoor Khan, Syed Irfab Ullah, Sonia Javed, Sarwat Jahan, Abdus Salam, Farrukh Ansar, Manzoor Khan, Syed Irfab Ullah, Sonia Javed title: Factors Leading to an Unexpected Early Control of Covid-19 in Pakistan date: 2022-09-30 words: 3522 flesch: 62 summary: The main clinical symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are fever, fatigue, dry cough, and muscle pain. There is currently no effective cure for Coronavirus disease, but early symptomatic and supportive treatment can help most patients recover from the infection. 87.8 2.2 10 K4. keywords: attitude; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; factors; knowledge; participants; population; study; years cache: jrmc02-2123.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2123.txt item: #79 of 146 id: jrmc02-2182 author: Salman, Basma; Jehangir, Fatima; Jahan, Aroosa; Aslam, Saira; Ansari, Nadra title: Occurrence of severe cognitive impairment in elderly individuals with poor glycemic control Vs elderly individuals with good glycemic control or no DM: a case control study” date: 2023-06-24 words: 3129 flesch: 56 summary: We aim to observe the occurrence of cognitive impairment in individuals aged 65 or above with poor glycemic control and compare it with similar age groups of individuals with no DM or good glycemic control. Hypoglycemia has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. keywords: association; control; decline; dementia; diabetes; frailty; impairment; individuals; study cache: jrmc02-2182.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2182.txt item: #80 of 146 id: jrmc02-2210 author: Sadaf, Maliha; Iqbal, Khansa; Ahmed, Saira; Sehar, Mehak; Waheed, Nabeela title: Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Daily Versus Weekly Oral Iron Supplementation In Preventing Anemia During Pregnancy date: 2023-06-24 words: 2877 flesch: 58 summary: A prospective randomized longitudinal study in India showed that weekly iron supplementation is an effective option in non-anaemic pregnant women for prophylaxis of anemia9. Weekly iron supplementation is also associated with fewer side effects and better patient compliance. keywords: daily; group; haemoglobin; hematocrit; iron; mean; study; supplementation cache: jrmc02-2210.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2210.txt item: #81 of 146 id: jrmc02-2246 author: Mubarak, Sadia; Riaz, Bushra; Ashfaq, Mehvish; Hamid, Sidra; Rasul, Amina; Shafiq, Mamoona title: Effect of Reperfusion on Time Domain Parameters of Heart Rate Variability date: 2023-04-01 words: 3875 flesch: 49 summary: Nil Funding Source: Nil Abstract Objective: To compare the effect of reperfusion by measuring time domain parameters of heart rate variability before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Keywords: Ischemia, Holter monitoring, coronary artery disease, Heart Rate Variability Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2023; 27(1): 225-230 226 Introduction According to the world health organization, ischemic heart disease due to coronary artery occlusion is the chief cause of death globally.1 Severe ischemia can alter electrical potentials which can quicken fatal ventricular arrhythmias which may lead to sudden cardiac arrest.2 Mostly fatal arrhythmia in ischemic heart disease patients results due to a disparity of the autonomic nervous system with the sympathetic multitude.3 Various noninvasive methods have been established to forecast these events in patients and diversify the high-risk patients of sudden cardiac arrest.4 These include signal-averaged electrocardiogram, Heart rate variability, Q-T dispersion, heart rate turbulence, and T-wave alternan.5 Heart rate variability (HRV) is a biological phenomenon defined as the chronological difference of heartbeat-to-beat variation in normal sinus rhythm.6 HRV is represented as variations in heart rate around the mean value. keywords: angioplasty; domain; heart; heart rate; hours; medical; patients; rate; rate variability; reperfusion; time; variability cache: jrmc02-2246.pdf plain text: jrmc02-2246.txt item: #82 of 146 id: jrmc02-24 author: Tabinda Khalid , Nisar Ahmed Malik , Zainab Sarfraz , Tabinda Khalid , Nisar Ahmed Malik , Zainab Sarfraz title: Effect of Intraumbilical Oxytocin on Duration of Third Stage of Labour date: 2017-09-30 words: 2677 flesch: 57 summary: Prick BW,Vos AA,Hop WC,Bremer HA .The current state of active third stage management to prevent postpartum hemorrhage:a cross sectional study. Medical student, Rawal Medical and Dental College Abstract Background:To determine the efficacy of intraumbilical oxytocin in reducing duration of third stage of labor, compared to routine active management of third stage of labor(AMTSL). keywords: duration; group; intraumbilical; management; oxytocin; placenta; stage; study cache: jrmc02-24.pdf plain text: jrmc02-24.txt item: #83 of 146 id: jrmc02-25 author: Hina Bokhari , Imtenan Shahid , Farhan Rasheed , Abbas Hayat, Hina Bokhari , Imtenan Shahid , Farhan Rasheed , Abbas Hayat title: Anti Chlamydial Antibodies in Women with Ectopic Pregnancy date: 2017-09-30 words: 2818 flesch: 56 summary: In another study, 59.1% of sampled population had more than once diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection prior to presentation with ectopic pregnancy. Similarly an Indian study has shown Chlamydia trachomatis infection rate 17.6% in tribal women.23 keywords: anti; cases; chlamydia; controls; igg; infection; pregnancy; study; trachomatis; women cache: jrmc02-25.pdf plain text: jrmc02-25.txt item: #84 of 146 id: jrmc02-254 author: Shahnila Nadir ,Nida Qasim,Ansa Rabia title: The Effect of Ferrous Sulphate on the Gross and Histological Changes in the Body of Gastric Mucosa of Adult Albino Rats date: 2015-12-30 words: 3161 flesch: 65 summary: Iron sulphate (FeSO4) is the most commonly administered drug to overcome iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy and post partum period and is an important constituent of nutrition for growth of children and adultsIron is an important metal and is considered to be an integral part of many proteins as haemoglobin and myoglobin. To make a model comparable to humans as there is little compliance to multivitamins, iron sulphate was given once a day in morning with empty stomach to observe the maximal effect. keywords: body; cases; gastric; group; iron; mucosa; rats; study; sulphate; weeks cache: jrmc02-254.pdf plain text: jrmc02-254.txt item: #85 of 146 id: jrmc02-26 author: Ammara Dawood, Sadia Hanif, Madiha Khalid, Ammara Dawood, Sadia Hanif, Madiha Khalid title: Association Between Placenta Previa and Preeclampsia date: 2017-09-30 words: 2243 flesch: 54 summary: It is also associated with PIH.9 Some studies reported the protective effects, other studies did show any associations, slightly increase in the incidence and significantly elevated incidence of spectrum of hypertension ranging from PIH to eclampsia in women with placenta previa.9, 10 Placenta previa was a significant protective factor of pre-eclampsia showing negative association.6, 9 In another Japanese study, Preeclampsia was observed in 0 and 4.1% of women with and without placenta previa, respectively.11, 12 But the impact of these changes is largely unknown.5 Validation of the above mentioned results in our local population i.e. reduced frequency of pre-eclampsia in patients with placenta previa may help us make certain management decisions. toApril 2015.Using 95% confidence interval and 80% power of study, taking frequency of pre-eclampsia 0% and 4.1% (7) in groups with and without placenta previa respectively, estimated sample size is 374 i.e. 187 in each group. keywords: eclampsia; hypertension; patients; placenta; preeclampsia; pregnancy; previa; women cache: jrmc02-26.pdf plain text: jrmc02-26.txt item: #86 of 146 id: jrmc02-27 author: Muhammad Mujahid Sharif , Adil Aziz Khan , Rayif Rashid Kanth , Ali Tassadaq Hussain Minhas, Muhammad Mujahid Sharif , Adil Aziz Khan , Rayif Rashid Kanth , Ali Tassadaq Hussain Minhas title: Impact of Time Taken on the Surgical Outcome of Extradural Hematoma in Patients with Road Traffic Accidents date: 2017-09-30 words: 2603 flesch: 53 summary: Methods: Sixty adult patients with history of road traffic accident with extradural hematoma on axial images of CT scan brain were included. Key Words: Extradural hematoma, Neurosurgical emergency, Time of surgery. keywords: extradural; gcs; group; hematoma; journal; outcome; patients; surgery; time cache: jrmc02-27.pdf plain text: jrmc02-27.txt item: #87 of 146 id: jrmc02-28 author: Ambreen Gul , Ali Raza , Ambreen Gul , Ali Raza title: Visual Outcome of Open Globe Injuries in Paediatric Patients date: 2018-01-21 words: 2180 flesch: 59 summary: Conclusions: Open globe injuries require emergency surgery as a standard of care. Key Words: Open globe injury, Visual outcome, Visual acuity. keywords: acuity; globe; injuries; injury; open; ophthalmol; patients; trauma cache: jrmc02-28.pdf plain text: jrmc02-28.txt item: #88 of 146 id: jrmc02-29 author: Alia Ahmad, , Nayla Asghar, Najaf Masood, Najamuddin, Fauzia Shafi Khan, Zunaira Rathore, Ahsan Waheed Rathore, Alia Ahmad, , Nayla Asghar, Najaf Masood, Najamuddin, Fauzia Shafi Khan, Zunaira Rathore, Ahsan Waheed Rathore title: Clinical Spectrum of Advanced Neuroblastoma date: 2017-09-30 words: 2623 flesch: 54 summary: No facility was available in our center for myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue and immunotherapy for minimal residual disease to decrease relapse in high risk disease. High risk Neuroblastoma requires modern high-risk treatment regimens include five to six cycles of induction chemotherapy and surgery, consolidation therapy with high-dose therapy (HDT) with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue and irradiation, and post consolidation therapy to treat minimal residual disease. keywords: bone; cancer; children; neuroblastoma; patients; risk; stage; treatment cache: jrmc02-29.pdf plain text: jrmc02-29.txt item: #89 of 146 id: jrmc02-30 author: Muhammad Umer Fayyaz, Muhammad Salman Shafique, Jahangir Sarwar Khan, Raheel Ahmad , Sheikh, Muhammad Umer Fayyaz, Muhammad Salman Shafique, Jahangir Sarwar Khan, Raheel Ahmad , Sheikh title: Harmonic Scalpel Hemorrhoidectomy Vs Milligan-Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy date: 2017-09-30 words: 2600 flesch: 51 summary: The median number of analgesic ampoules during the first 24 h postoperatively was lower in the Ligasure and Harmonic Scalpel® groups (p < 0.001).15 Ramadan et al compared 54 consecutive cases between Harmonic Scalpel® and Milligan Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy, in his study duration of surgery was significantly higher in the MM group (p<0.0001). Because ultrasound is the basis for Harmonic Scalpel® Technology, no electrical energy is conducted to the patient.6 Harmonic Scalpel® Hemorrhoidectomy (HSH) has emerged to be a safe, rapid modality, with reduced blood loss and post-operative pain. keywords: group; harmonic; hemorrhoidectomy; pain; patients; scalpel; time cache: jrmc02-30.pdf plain text: jrmc02-30.txt item: #90 of 146 id: jrmc02-31 author: Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Shafiq, Aleena Hassan, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Shafiq, Aleena Hassan title: Haemodynamics during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Spinal Anaesthesia with Two Doses of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine (0.75%) date: 2017-09-30 words: 2438 flesch: 48 summary: This is in accordance with the study done by Shrestha BR et al.8Spinal anaesthesia is relatively easy to perform, has many advantages over general anaesthesia and allows the surgery to take place in the best possible conditions.15- 17 There are certain possible risks of spinal anaesthesia for prone position surgery like potential for higher blocks, limited access to airway if patients are not fully awake, uncomfortable position for surgeries of long periods, need of repositioning if critical events occur and inconvenient if spinal anaesthesia does not work. They concluded that three ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia is good enough for the surgery in prone position with relatively more hemodynamic safety as compared to the four ml of the same drug. keywords: anaesthesia; group; nephrolithotomy; patients; position; spinal; supine cache: jrmc02-31.pdf plain text: jrmc02-31.txt item: #91 of 146 id: jrmc02-32 author: Sumbal Rana, Jawad Zaheer, Ali Arslan Munir, Huma Fatima, Sumbal Rana, Jawad Zaheer, Ali Arslan Munir, Huma Fatima title: Comparison of Ephedrine Versus Lidocaine in Reducing the Frequency of Pain on Propofol Injection during Elective Surgeries date: 2017-09-30 words: 2697 flesch: 53 summary: It reduces propofol injection pain by 30%.5Its exact mechanism of action is not known but is thought to be decreased neuronal conduction in peripheral nerves by attenuating the neuronal membrane's permeability to sodium ions or due to alteration in propofol's pH by adding HCl to it.3,5 Pain by lidocaine pretreatment with prior venous occlusion has failure rate of 24-37% and augments hypotension associated with propofol.5 Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic, used for its effects to counter hypotension and bradycardia. It is also buffered with HCl resulting in altered pH and decreased pain.4 Agarwal et al. found that ephedrine pretreatment did not reduce pain so there are conflicting evidences about ephedrine’s role in reducing propofol injection pain. keywords: asa; ephedrine; group; injection; lidocaine; pain; patients; propofol cache: jrmc02-32.pdf plain text: jrmc02-32.txt item: #92 of 146 id: jrmc02-33 author: Nadia Waqas ,Shazia Amir Khan , Aqsa Naheed , Zafar Iqbal Sheikh title: Efficacy of Oral Zinc Sulphate in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Common Warts date: 2017-09-30 words: 2279 flesch: 53 summary: In oral zinc sulphate group it was noted that only 6 (13.3%) patients had less than 50% reduction in no. of warts. Oral zinc sulphate is an effective treatment option for recalcitrant multiple viral warts. keywords: group; oral; patients; placebo; sulphate; treatment; warts; zinc cache: jrmc02-33.pdf plain text: jrmc02-33.txt item: #93 of 146 id: jrmc02-34 author: Atiya Rahman ,Aisha Akhtar ,Saadia Tabassum ,Rana Shakil Ahmad title: Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum with 10% Potassium Hydroxide Solution date: 2017-09-30 words: 3207 flesch: 61 summary: Conclusion:10% KOH solution is an effective and well tolerated treatment for MC. No 16(57.1%) Duration of disease 8.57±9.36 Site of disease Head & neck 5(17.9%) keywords: group; koh; lesions; molluscum; patients; response; study; treatment cache: jrmc02-34.pdf plain text: jrmc02-34.txt item: #94 of 146 id: jrmc02-35 author: Junaid Khan, Riaz Ahmed, Tehreem Zahid, Rahman Rasool Akhtar title: Risk Factors of Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty date: 2017-09-30 words: 2359 flesch: 55 summary: Diabetes Mellitus (p=0.01) and Obesity (p=0.02) had a significant relation to post-operative infection. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2017;21(3): 253-256 254 and frequency of patients with post-operative infection were calculated. keywords: arthroplasty; factors; infection; journal; knee; patients; risk; total cache: jrmc02-35.pdf plain text: jrmc02-35.txt item: #95 of 146 id: jrmc02-39 author: Salman Akram, Murtaza Gondal, Sumera Mushtaq, Uzma Rafiq, Furqan Ahmad, Mohammad Arshad title: Effectiveness of Grade 1 and 2 Joint Mobilizations with Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) in Comparison with NSAIDS alone in Pain Management of Knee Osteoarthritis date: 2017-09-30 words: 3642 flesch: 53 summary: Emphasis of this therapy should be given to reduce knee joint pain, stiffness and improvement in physical function on various activities. Male and female patients between ages 35 to 65 years diagnosed with symptomatic OA of the target knee joint as evidenced by knee pain for at least 3 months (for at least 20 days of each month) and osteophytes confirmed by an x-ray taken within the last two years. keywords: control; exercise; group; joint; knee; osteoarthritis; pain; patients; therapy; visit cache: jrmc02-39.pdf plain text: jrmc02-39.txt item: #96 of 146 id: jrmc02-41 author: Jais Kumar ,Ghiasuddin Butt ,Faran Maqbool title: Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease in Family Members of Dialysis Patients. date: 2017-09-30 words: 2229 flesch: 54 summary: Family members of patients of all ages with history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of chronic kidney disease, chronic pyelonephritis and autoimmune diseases were included. Other complications include anemia, malnutrition, bone disease, and depression The exact prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Pakistan is not clear in the absence of regular national registry data and provided only by small observation series or reports from personal experience, and the quality of data is quite uneven. keywords: chronic; ckd; disease; family; kidney; patients; study cache: jrmc02-41.pdf plain text: jrmc02-41.txt item: #97 of 146 id: jrmc02-43 author: Khalid Mehmood , Inaam Qadir Javed Hashmi , Javed Akhtar Rathore , Muhammad Luqman Satti, Khadeeja Tul Kubra Hashmi , Shizza Khalid , Abdur Rahman Hashmi, Khalid Mehmood , Inaam Qadir Javed Hashmi , Javed Akhtar Rathore , Muhammad Luqman Satti, Khadeeja Tul Kubra Hashmi , Shizza Khalid , Abdur Rahman Hashmi title: Predictors of Tuberculosis Treatment Default in Pulmonary date: 2017-09-30 words: 2565 flesch: 58 summary: 2. High TB treatment default rate is most significant factor for the development of MDR-TB and high morbidity and mortality in TB treatment defaults. Factors identified to be associated with TB treatment default were male gender ,distance from the health post, displacement, financial constraints, no body at home to bring medicine or take patients to hospital, routes closed in winters, subjective improvement of symptoms and travelling /shifting to other place. keywords: cases; default; eptb; extrapulmonary; health; patients; study; treatment; tuberculosis cache: jrmc02-43.pdf plain text: jrmc02-43.txt item: #98 of 146 id: jrmc02-44 author: Rizwana Anjum ,Sobia Nawaz , Somayyah Bibi title: Breast Self Examination Practice and Awareness about Breast Cancer date: 2017-09-30 words: 2060 flesch: 60 summary: A Turkish study indicated that theoretical educations about breast cancer awareness and BSE training were quite helpful even in illiterate and low- educated women.19 Studies indicated that media continued to be an important source of information about breast cancer and BSE and highlighted the cooperation between public health educators and the media in dissemination of breast cancer information and BSE practices . When the respondents were asked about breast cancer in Pakistan, 15.1% said that they have heard about the disease .The respondents' knowledge of breast cancer symptoms was also studied. keywords: breast; bse; cancer; screening; self; women cache: jrmc02-44.pdf plain text: jrmc02-44.txt item: #99 of 146 id: jrmc02-45 author: Muhammad Sajid Mehmood, Kamil Asghar Imam , Shahida Parveen, Muhammad Sajid Mehmood, Kamil Asghar Imam , Shahida Parveen title: Relationship of Anthropometric Indices of Obesity with Arterial Stiffness and Blood Pressure date: 2017-09-30 words: 3172 flesch: 59 summary: Zhou Z, Hu D, Chen J. Association between obesity indices and blood pressure or hypertension: which index is the best? Abstract Background: To determine the comparison and relationship of anthropometric indices with blood pressure and arterial stiffness index (ASI) in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive male adults. keywords: arterial; blood; group; index; obesity; pressure; stiffness; waist cache: jrmc02-45.pdf plain text: jrmc02-45.txt item: #100 of 146 id: jrmc02-47 author: Abdul Rauf ,Ammara Ejaz, Abdul Rauf ,Ammara Ejaz title: Cytological Pattern of Salivary Gland Lesions date: 2017-09-30 words: 3111 flesch: 66 summary: In spite of its inherent limitations and complex nature of salivary lesions, FNAC is a very useful investigation because it is safe, rapid, economical, least traumatic and contributes significant diagnostic information for better planning and management of cases.1,2,5 Soni D, Mathur K, Yadav A, Kumar V. Histopathological spectrum of salivary gland lesions. keywords: age; cases; gland; lesions; salivary; study cache: jrmc02-47.pdf plain text: jrmc02-47.txt item: #101 of 146 id: jrmc02-48 author: Sundas Ali, Asfa Zawar , Samina Tufail Amanat , Shahzad Ali Jiskani ,Aliena Sohail ,Humaira Rizwan, Sundas Ali, Asfa Zawar , Samina Tufail Amanat , Shahzad Ali Jiskani ,Aliena Sohail ,Humaira Rizwan title: Use of Chorionic Villous Sampling for Prenatal Diagnosis of Beta Thalassaemia: Attitudes and Practices of Parents date: 2017-09-30 words: 3231 flesch: 58 summary: 3.Specialized genetic counseling sessions at the time of diagnosis of thalassaemia child regarding family screening and prenatal diagnosis emphasizing on its long term benefits should be carried out. Department of Pathology, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Hospital, Islamabad Abstract Background: To assess the attitudes and practices of parents of Beta-Thalassaemia Major children regarding Chorionic Villous Sampling (CVS), as prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies. keywords: beta; cvs; diagnosis; major; med; pakistan; parents; study; thalassemia cache: jrmc02-48.pdf plain text: jrmc02-48.txt item: #102 of 146 id: jrmc02-50 author: Amna Tariq , Shireen Rafiq , Azad Ali Azad , Sophia Khan , Nauzhat Nauman, Amna Tariq , Shireen Rafiq , Azad Ali Azad , Sophia Khan , Nauzhat Nauman title: Carrier Status of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) date: 2017-09-30 words: 2854 flesch: 47 summary: (2012) states higher carriage rate in nursing staff than clinical doctors which is in accordance to our study.31 Conclusion Health care workers are potential colonizers of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and may serve as reservoirs or disseminators of MRSA. High rates of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus have been reported by Badawi et al.(2001), and Kamp et al.(2003)but their studies showed much lower rates of MRSA carriage (26% and 5%; 33.8% and 0.7% respectively.23, 24 Higher nasal carriage rates (33% and 48%) for Staphylococcus aureus in the HCWs have been reported in two Pakistani studies.25, 26 The population sample for this study is also from Pakistan and shows a N=35 (39.77%) out of N=88 positive isolates for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, similar to the rate reported in the other two Pakistani studies. keywords: aureus; carriage; hospital; methicillin; mrsa; nasal; positive; staff; staphylococcus; study cache: jrmc02-50.pdf plain text: jrmc02-50.txt item: #103 of 146 id: jrmc02-52 author: Mulazim Hussain , Nasira Bhatti ,Bilal Ahmad,Shagufta Husain, Mulazim Hussain , Nasira Bhatti ,Bilal Ahmad,Shagufta Husain title: Bacteriological Spectrum and Sensitivity Pattern in Culture Proven Urinary Tract Infection in Children date: 2017-09-30 words: 1974 flesch: 47 summary: SUMMARY Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2017;21(3): 290-292 290 Original Article Bacteriological Spectrum and Sensitivity Pattern in Culture Proven Urinary Tract Infection in Children Mulazim Hussain 1, Bilal Ahmad 2, Nasira Bhatti 1, Shagufta Husain 1 1.The Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS),Islamabad;2.Department of Paediatrics , Railway Hospital and Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi Abstract Background: To determine the different types of organisms causing urinary tract infections in children and their sensitivity to antibiotics. In children who were admitted with clinical suspicion of urinary tract infection (fever, dysurea, pain abdomen, vomiting, unusual crying, poor weight gain, mal odorous urine etc.), a urine sample was carefully collected. keywords: children; coli; infections; klebsiella; resistance; sensitivity; tract; urinary cache: jrmc02-52.pdf plain text: jrmc02-52.txt item: #104 of 146 id: jrmc02-53 author: Mehveen Iqbal , Aqeel Ahmad, Ghulam Fatima , Ejaz Ahmed3 , Shakeel A. Khan , Saira Yahya, Mehveen Iqbal , Aqeel Ahmad, Ghulam Fatima , Ejaz Ahmed3 , Shakeel A. Khan , Saira Yahya title: Antibacterial Potentials of Human Urine at Acidic pH 5 date: 2017-09-30 words: 3560 flesch: 41 summary: Interestingly, organisms were mainly isolated from urine samples having pH >5.5. Microscopy was performed after centrifugation of urine samples for the presence of RBCs, pus cells, epithelial cells, casts and crystals. keywords: activity; cells; culture; nil; patients; samples; study; tract; urinary; urine; uti cache: jrmc02-53.pdf plain text: jrmc02-53.txt item: #105 of 146 id: jrmc02-639 author: Muhammad Ateeq , Shazia Jahan . Azhar Sajjad , Faisal .G. Bhopal title: Management of Penetrating Chest Injuries date: 2011-06-30 words: 1670 flesch: 56 summary: Haemopneumothorax was the most frequent consequence of chest injury (58.20%)(Table 2) Out of total 926 patients of penetrating chest injuries 47.40% patients sustained multiple injuries in addition to chest injury. In present study the frequency of rib fracture was 9.39% , which is low due to the fact that we have included only patients with penetrating chest injuries, whereas as others have included patients with both penetrating and blunt chest injuries in their studies. keywords: chest; hospital; injuries; injury; patients; trauma cache: jrmc02-639.pdf plain text: jrmc02-639.txt item: #106 of 146 id: jrmc02-706 author: Nadeem Ikram, Nadeem Ikram; Tahira Zafar, Tahira Zafar; Arshad Ali Sabir, Arshad Ali Sabir; Khalid Hassan, Khalid Hassan; Samina Zamanat, Samina Zamanat title: Clinico- haematological spectrum of females with inherited Bleeding Disorders date: 2010-06-30 words: 3190 flesch: 45 summary: **** Department of Pathology , Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences , Islamabad ***** Department of Pathology, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Hospital, Islamabad Abstract Background: Inherited bleeding disorders in females are under-diagnosed, eventually leading to multiple problems. This situation is further worsened by the inadequate information , non – availability of diagnostic facilities and low awareness on the clinical side Methods: In this non – interventional descriptive study , females with inherited bleeding disorders were assessed. keywords: bleeding; disease; disorders; factor; females; medical; menorrhagia; normal; patients; women cache: jrmc02-706.pdf plain text: jrmc02-706.txt item: #107 of 146 id: jrmc02-708 author: Nasreen Qazi, Madiha Shah, Shaheen Shah, Manzoor Unar, Gulshan Ara Jalbani, Mahboob Ahmed Wagan title: Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, High Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose levels and the risk of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 date: 2010-06-30 words: 2509 flesch: 63 summary: The prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and to rise to 4.4% in 2030.1 The total number of individuals with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030.1Cardiovascular disease accounts for more than 70% of total mortality among patients with DM type 2.2 Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of DM type 2.3 Lifestyle factors, the main determinants of the disease, are physical inactivity and obesity.4 Results from prospective studies and clinical trials have shown that moderate or high levels of physical activity or physical fitness, as well as changes in lifestyle (dietary modification and enhanced physical activity) can prevent type 2 DM. In fact, decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance precede the development of clinical hyperglycemia.15 Epidemiologic evidence has shown that physical activity and body fat loss are of medical benefit, not just for preventing diabetes but also for cardiovascular health and quality of life.16 Regular physical activity is a crucial component of a healthy lifestyle. keywords: activity; bmi; diabetes; glucose; levels; study; type; years cache: jrmc02-708.pdf plain text: jrmc02-708.txt item: #108 of 146 id: jrmc02-712 author: Rehan Farooqui,Umme Farha Haroon ,Allauddin Niazi, Nosheen Rehan,Tayaba Khawar Butt ,Manal Niazi title: Congenital Heart Diseases in Neonates date: 2010-06-30 words: 1260 flesch: 56 summary: In 162 confirmed cases, the frequency of congenital heart disease was 2.86%. Ventricular Septal Defect was the most common acyanotic lesion while Transposition of Greater Arteries was the most common cyanotic lesion Conclusion: Congenital heart diseases, being one of the commonest problem in newborns, requires early diagnosis, so that the affected child can get maximum medical support and benefit Key Words: Neonates, Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), Acyanotic, Cyanotic Lesion Introduction The incidence of Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) in different studies varies from about 4/1,000 to 50/1,000 live births.1 keywords: children; disease; heart; lesions; neonates cache: jrmc02-712.pdf plain text: jrmc02-712.txt item: #109 of 146 id: jrmc02-713 author: Ayesha Afzal , Parveen Akhtar Tariq,Shehla Choudhry title: Rota Virus Gastroenteritis in Children Upto Five years of Age date: 2010-06-30 words: 2069 flesch: 17 summary: Rotavirus vaccine is an effective preventive measure available against rotavirus diarrhea. It is estimated that in Asia 171,000 children will die of rotavirus diarrhea, 1.9 million will be hospitalized and 13.5 million will require outpatient visit by the time Asian cohort reaches 5 years of age and medical cost will approximate $191million. keywords: age; children; diarrhea; group; months; patients; rotavirus; study cache: jrmc02-713.pdf plain text: jrmc02-713.txt item: #110 of 146 id: jrmc02-717 author: Muhammad Khurram , Najia Mahmood , Nadeem Ikram title: Unintentional Poisoning: Experience at a Medical Unit date: 2010-06-30 words: 1619 flesch: 55 summary: Additionally we did not include other types of poisoning like deliberate self-poisoning which constitutes major bulk of poisoning patients.3 Characteristics of acute poisoning patients may be different in rural area which is under represented in the study. Dash SK, Raju AS, Mohanty MK, Patnaik KK, Mohanty S. Sociodemographic profile of poisoning cases. keywords: college; medical; patients; poisoning; rawalpindi; study cache: jrmc02-717.pdf plain text: jrmc02-717.txt item: #111 of 146 id: jrmc02-73 author: Ayesha Arshad , Aamir Ali Choudhry , Syed Jawwad Hussain ,Ijaz Latif , Ahmed Kalasra title: Effect of Spectacle Centration on Stereoacuity date: 2017-06-30 words: 3237 flesch: 55 summary: Horizontal prismatic effect in right eye caused decline in the stereo-acuity with p-value 0.019. Highest number of individuals (42) had reduction of stereo-acuity within range of 20 – 100 minutes of arc having horizontal prismatic effect in the range of 0 – 1.49 in their right eyes. keywords: decentration; distance; effect; eye; individuals; right; spectacles cache: jrmc02-73.pdf plain text: jrmc02-73.txt item: #112 of 146 id: jrmc02-739 author: Khurram Mansoor, Syed Hamid Ali Shah, Liaqat Ali title: Comparison of Anti Hypertensive Effect of Fixed Dose Enalapril and Losartan in Essential Hypertension date: 2009-06-30 words: 3181 flesch: 50 summary: Unsuccessful (%) p- value Halstead technique 73.3% 26.7% <0.001 Vazirani akinosi technique 96.7% 3.3% 172 Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2022; 26(2): 169-173 Discussion This study was done to compare the efficacy of the Halstead block and Vazirani Akinosi block technique. Vazirani Akinosi technique was successful in 29(96.7%) and unsuccessful in 1(3.3%) patients. keywords: akinosi; anesthesia; block; group; halstead; nerve; pain; technique; vazirani cache: jrmc02-739.pdf plain text: jrmc02-739.txt item: #113 of 146 id: jrmc02-74 author: Fouzia Aslam ,Zahoor Ahmad Rana,Muhammad Umar Farooq,Nida Qasim title: Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury Caused by Coronectomy or Conventional Method in Third Molar Extractions date: 2017-06-30 words: 3133 flesch: 50 summary: Conclusion: Coronectomy is an effective procedure in significantly reducing the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve injury when compared with traditional removal of wisdom teeth. Risk factor associated with inferior alveolar nerve injury is approximation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), to the apex of the root which can be predicted by certain radiographic features. keywords: coronectomy; damage; group; inferior; injury; nerve; oral; patients; study cache: jrmc02-74.pdf plain text: jrmc02-74.txt item: #114 of 146 id: jrmc02-742 author: Zafar Iqbal Malik, M.A.Nasir Malik, Omer Salahuddin, Muhammad Azhar, Omer Dilawar title: Micro flora of Bile Aspirates in Symptomatic Cholelithiasis date: 2009-06-30 words: 4158 flesch: 54 summary: This study aims at identifying hypomagnesemia as a predictor of COPD exacerbations. There were 93(52.8%) male and 83(47.2%) female cases with COPD exacerbation. keywords: age; cases; copd; exacerbation; levels; magnesium; patients; serum; study; type; years cache: jrmc02-742.pdf plain text: jrmc02-742.txt item: #115 of 146 id: jrmc02-743 author: Muhammad Khurram, Ibrahim Mizhi Yong, Mian M Arshad, Hamama Tul Bushra Khar title: Factors Affecting Relapse of Tuberculosis date: 2009-06-30 words: 3558 flesch: 55 summary: Nil Funding Source: Nil Access Online: Abstract Objective: To compare the frequency of diagnosis, induction of labour, and caesarean section in patients with isolated oligohydramnios diagnosed by amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket. Keywords: Oligohydramnios, Amniotic fluid index, Single deepest vertical pocket. keywords: age; amniotic; fluid; group; index; labour; oligohydramnios; pocket; section cache: jrmc02-743.pdf plain text: jrmc02-743.txt item: #116 of 146 id: jrmc02-747 author: Jamila and Khalid Hassan title: Pattern of Bone Marrow Infiltration in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas date: 2008-12-30 words: 3102 flesch: 54 summary: This study was conducted to evaluate the pattern of bone marrow infiltration and morphology of atypical cells in freshly diagnosed patients of Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHL). A total of 50 cases of non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma diagnosed on tissue biopsy, and found to have bone marrow infiltration were randomly selected. keywords: bone; cells; diffuse; focal; infiltration; marrow; pattern cache: jrmc02-747.pdf plain text: jrmc02-747.txt item: #117 of 146 id: jrmc02-748 author: Jawad Zahir, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Salman Maqbool, Muhammad Nadeem Khan title: Nitrous Oxide in Oxygen and Air in Oxygen for Perioperative Analgesia : A Comparative study date: 2008-12-30 words: 1785 flesch: 50 summary: It is difficult to judge or measure intra-operative pain as anaesthetist has to rely on different clinical signs e.g. tachycardia, raised blood pressure and sweating which are effected by other factors such as surgical stimulation, type of surgery and surgical incision.9,10 Many studies have been conducted to compare medical air with nitrous oxide in oxygen for general anaesthesia but none shows marked difference with respect to analgesia.11 A lot of work has been done in the past in the management of intra operative pain. Abstract Background: To determine that additional dose of nalbuphine is required while using medical air instead of nitrous oxide in oxygen to maintain anaesthesia so that inadequate intra-operative analgesia could be avoided. keywords: air; group; medical; oxide; oxygen; patients cache: jrmc02-748.pdf plain text: jrmc02-748.txt item: #118 of 146 id: jrmc02-77 author: Isfandyar Khan , Israr Liaquat , Qaisar Shahzad Humayyon title: Association of Maternal Hypertension with Intrauterine Growth Retardation date: 2017-06-30 words: 3963 flesch: 33 summary: In present study maternal hypertension was poorly associated with intrauterine growth retardation. Abstract Background: To find out the association of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) with maternal hypertension. keywords: age; birth; cases; controls; growth; hypertension; iugr; maternal; mothers; retardation; study; weight cache: jrmc02-77.pdf plain text: jrmc02-77.txt item: #119 of 146 id: jrmc02-772 author: Badr-ud-din Athar Naeem, Badr-ud-din Athar Naeem; Rabia Bashir, Rabia Bashir; Shahzad Iftikhar, Shahzad Iftikhar; Khawaja Naeem Akhtar, Khawaja Naeem Akhtar; Abrar Raja, Abrar Raja; Rasheed Hussain Jaffri, Rasheed Hussain Jaffri; Mustafa Kamal Akbar, Mustafa Kamal Akbar title: Outcome of 2000 Cases of Phacoemulsification date: 2007-06-30 words: 2983 flesch: 56 summary: In 88% (n=1760) of patients clear corneal incision, and in 12% (n=240) of patients scleral tunnel incision was given. Of total patients, 91% of patients kept their appointment for 8 weeks follow up. keywords: cases; complications; loss; patients; phacoemulsification; vitreous cache: jrmc02-772.pdf plain text: jrmc02-772.txt item: #120 of 146 id: jrmc02-79 author: Syed Harris Hussain , Syed Muarraf Hussain, Nadeem Ikram ,Yasmin Badshah ,Kashif Asghar title: Activity of Indoleamine 2, 3 Dioxygenase (IDO) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Pakistan date: 2017-06-30 words: 3291 flesch: 48 summary: IFN-γ is strongly associated with inflammation and IDO induction; consequently various others potent inducers are also present to induce IDO expression along with IFN-γ. Colorimetric Assay was performed to analyze IDO activity in samples. keywords: activity; cells; diabetes; dioxygenase; ido; ifn; indoleamine; journal; mellitus; samples; tryptophan cache: jrmc02-79.pdf plain text: jrmc02-79.txt item: #121 of 146 id: jrmc02-80 author: Sumera Mushtaq, Nuwayrah Jawaid, Ishtiaq Hussain title: Validity of E-Flow Colour Doppler Indices in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian Tumours date: 2017-06-30 words: 2806 flesch: 44 summary: 1 Benign lesions like benign ovarian masses or functional changes need more conservative approach like either close observation or laparoscopic surgery, whereas malignant tumours require urgent laparotomy and in most of cases patient is being referred for further chemotherapy or radiotherapy by involving oncologists.2 Several attempts have been made to distinguish between the conditions in the past but with the availability of high-resolution ultrasound machines, colour doppler ultrasound is a possible technique for differentiation of benign from malignant adnexal masses as well as for early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma for several years. Histopathological features of malignant tumours include nuclear atypia and degree of mitoses (> 12 per 10 high-power fields) p53, BRCA1/2 genes and other genetic mutations, solid and cystic areas, extensive haemorrhage and necrosis and degree of micro-invasion. Results Between January 2014 to December 2014, 229 patients initially diagnosed as ovarian tumours were recruited to undergo e-flow colour trans-abdominal, doppler ultrasound examinations. keywords: adnexal; benign; doppler; flow; index; malignant; masses; patients; ultrasound cache: jrmc02-80.pdf plain text: jrmc02-80.txt item: #122 of 146 id: jrmc02-805 author: Adil Aziz Khan, Soban Sarwar Gondal, Muhammad Mujahid Sharif, Muhammad Ali Tassaduq title: Comparison of Decompressive Craniectomy and Multi-Dural Stabs with Decompressive Craniectomy and Open-Dural Flap Method, in the Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematomas date: 2017-12-30 words: 3239 flesch: 57 summary: In group A multiple linear dural incisions of about 5-8 mms long, in horizontal lines, parallel to vessels and 2-2.5 cm apart from each other,was made but in group B dural flap was opened and raised. SUMMARY Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2017;21(4): 339-343 339 Original Article Comparison of Decompressive Craniectomy and Multi-Dural Stabs with Decompressive Craniectomy and Open-Dural Flap Method, in the Treatment of Acute Subdural Hematomas Adil Aziz Khan, Soban Sarwar Gondal, Muhammad Mujahid Sharif, Muhammad Ali Tassaduq Department of Neurosurgery, DHQ Hospital and Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi Abstract Background: To compare the functional outcome between decompressive craniectomy and multi-dural stabs, with decompressive craniectomy and open- dural flap, in the removal of acute subdural hematomas . keywords: acute; brain; craniectomy; decompressive; group; hematoma; outcome; patients; results cache: jrmc02-805.pdf plain text: jrmc02-805.txt item: #123 of 146 id: jrmc02-806 author: Aiyesha Humaira , Syed Samiullah title: Significance of Clinical and Laboratory Variables in Early Detection and Prognosis of Malignant Lymphoma date: 2017-12-30 words: 2769 flesch: 31 summary: Statistical analysis were performed by Student t-test and Pearson Chi Square test Results: Hepatosplenomegaly, Haemoglobin, CT scan chest abdomen and immunohistochemistry were found significant factors in patients diagnosed to have lymphoma with bone marrow involvement. Bone marrow involvement indicates stage IV disease and is indicative of poor prognosis. keywords: bone; cases; cell; hodgkin; involvement; lymphoma; marrow; patients; study; survival cache: jrmc02-806.pdf plain text: jrmc02-806.txt item: #124 of 146 id: jrmc02-808 author: Tariq Nawaz, Maryam Barkat, Muhammad Atif, Qasim Ali title: Vascular Surprises in Calot’s Triangle during Laproscopic Choleystectomy date: 2017-12-30 words: 2442 flesch: 65 summary: Cystic artery variations in the form of number and position and length in term of frequency, difficult dissection and hepatic artery anomalies and variations were carried out with the help of descriptive statistics. This triangle is formed below by cystic duct, above by inferior border of liver and medially by common hepatic duct and cystic artery and lymph node lie within it. keywords: artery; cases; cystic; duct; laparoscopic; patients; triangle; variations cache: jrmc02-808.pdf plain text: jrmc02-808.txt item: #125 of 146 id: jrmc02-810 author: Saad Riaz, Imtiaz Ahmed Shakir, Nadeem Kashmiri, Shehzad Anjum, Nayyar Qayyum title: Steroid Injection as an Effective Treatment for Lateral Epicondylitis date: 2017-12-30 words: 2854 flesch: 57 summary: Patients with lateral elbow pain having tenderness and painful resisted extension of wrist were diagnosed as having lateral epicondylitis. Frst described as a clinical entity by Runge in 1873, lateral elbow pain or Tennis elbow is also known by many other names like lateral epicondylalgia and lateral elbow tendinosis. keywords: elbow; epicondylitis; injection; patients; steroid; study; tennis; therapy; treatment cache: jrmc02-810.pdf plain text: jrmc02-810.txt item: #126 of 146 id: jrmc02-811 author: Sidra Manzoor , Rabia Waseem Butt , Sidra Nadeem , Fazeela Farid , Manal Niazi , Sidra Manzoor , Rabia Waseem Butt , Sidra Nadeem , Fazeela Farid , Manal Niazi title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Detection of Synovial Hypertrophy in Patients with Osteoarthritis date: 2017-12-30 words: 3183 flesch: 49 summary: Frequency of synovial proliferation in patients with osteoarthritis(on gold standard) was recorded in 30.67%(Figure 1-3;Table 3).Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of synovial proliferation in patients with osteoarthritis by using MRI as the gold standard was calculated as 89.12%, 94.23%, 87.23%, 95.14% and 92.67% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate. Frequency of synovial proliferation in patients with osteoarthritis(on gold standard) Synovial proliferation No. of patients % keywords: mri; synovial; ultrasound; value cache: jrmc02-811.pdf plain text: jrmc02-811.txt item: #127 of 146 id: jrmc02-83 author: Nadeem Kashmiri, Imtiaz Ahmed Shakir, Tehreem Zahid, Nayyar Qayyum title: Pattern of Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures date: 2017-06-30 words: 3334 flesch: 63 summary: To determine the pattern and outcome of bimalleolar ankle fractures . Methods: In this prospective observational study of 72 patients with bimalleolar ankle fractures were included and were followed up for 12 weeks. keywords: ankle; aofas; bimalleolar; fractures; operative; patients; treatment; weber cache: jrmc02-83.pdf plain text: jrmc02-83.txt item: #128 of 146 id: jrmc02-837 author: M A Ebrahim ,Zeeshan Hassan title: Prevalence of Essential Hypertension and Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk of Pakistani Adults in Outpatient Setting date: 2018-03-30 words: 4735 flesch: 55 summary: For each patient ≥30 years,Framingham risk scores were calculated (Models A and B, Suppl. The Framingham model employs either laboratory parameters (such as serum lipid levels) or non- laboratory parameters (such as body mass index and anthropometrics) for calculation of risk score. keywords: blood; cardiovascular; diabetes; disease; hypertension; journal; laboratory; pakistan; patients; population; pressure; prevalence; risk; stage; study; years cache: jrmc02-837.pdf plain text: jrmc02-837.txt item: #129 of 146 id: jrmc02-838 author: HajiraSarwar, Inamullah Shah, Sajida Shah,Eitezaz Ahmad Bashir title: Screening for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Using Ankle-Brachial Index date: 2018-03-30 words: 2658 flesch: 56 summary: Arterial brachial index is able to dectect peripheral arterial disease in patients with coronary artery disease . So peripheral arterial disease often co-exists with symptoms of systemic atherosclerosis elsewhere, including cerebrovascular disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). keywords: abi; arterial; cad; coronary; disease; pad; patients; peripheral; study cache: jrmc02-838.pdf plain text: jrmc02-838.txt item: #130 of 146 id: jrmc02-84 author: Ahsan Raza Shahzad, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Ali title: Low Dose Perioperative Lidocaine Infusion for Post-Operative Pain in Open Cholecystectomy date: 2017-06-30 words: 2610 flesch: 56 summary: There is a growing body of data suggesting the role of lidocaine in pain management in the immediate post- operative period but data also suggests that although lidocaine reduces post-operative pain and analgesic requirement, it does not affect the length of hospital stay and discharge timing of the patient.8, 9Intravenous lidocaine should not be used in patients with arrhythmias, heart failure, coronary artery disease, Adams-Strokes or heart block and may be used with caution in patients with liver failure, sinusoidal bradycardia and incomplete branch block.14-17 Most common side-effects are in general mild and relate to central nervous system. Search for safe and effective modalities for post-operative pain relief has been of great interest for perioperative physicians. keywords: group; infusion; lidocaine; mean; pain; patients; post; study; surgery cache: jrmc02-84.pdf plain text: jrmc02-84.txt item: #131 of 146 id: jrmc02-840 author: Kanwal Zareen Abbasi, Warda Ali, Qamar Farooq, Ali Raza, Ana Rizvi title: Visual Outcome of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy date: 2018-03-30 words: 3151 flesch: 40 summary: References 1. Khan A, Mahar PS, Hanfi AN, Qidwai U. Ocular complications after intravitreal Bevacizumab injection in eyes with choroidal and retinal neovascularization. Twenty six eyes (44.06%) with diabetic macular edema showed improvement while visual acuity was stabilized in 4 eyes (6.7%). keywords: acuity; bevacizumab; edema; eyes; injection; intravitreal; patients; retinopathy cache: jrmc02-840.pdf plain text: jrmc02-840.txt item: #132 of 146 id: jrmc02-846 author: Muhammad Arham, Muhammad Arish, Jahangir Sarwar Khan title: Incidental Parasitic Infestations in Surgically Removed Appendices and its Association with Inflammation date: 2018-03-30 words: 2068 flesch: 41 summary: Panidis S, Paramythiotis D, Panagiotou D, Batsis G, Salonikidis S. Acute appendicitis secondary to Enterobius vermicularis infection in a middle-aged man: a case report. To determine the frequency and type of parasitic infestations in surgically removed appendices based on histopathological findings and to assess its association with inflammation. keywords: acute; appendices; appendicitis; infestation; inflammation; patients; vermicularis cache: jrmc02-846.pdf plain text: jrmc02-846.txt item: #133 of 146 id: jrmc02-85 author: Rakhshanda Toheed , Talha Bin Ayub , Hafiza Sidra Ali ,Faiza Ali title: Prevalence of Menstrual Dysfunction and its Comparative Correlation with Anaemia date: 2017-06-30 words: 2610 flesch: 52 summary: Regular/ irregular scanty menstruation (7.2%), irregular cycle with normal flow(6.6%), and heavy regular/ irregular heavy cycles were present in(19.3%).Heavy regular and irregular cycles are important contributory factors to adolescence anaemia especially in developing countries with gender bias and low socio-economic status among other contributory factors. Diet Veg 18(11.4%) 22(13.8%) 0.512 Non-veg 140(88.6%) keywords: adolescent; anaemia; bleeding; girls; health; journal; study; years cache: jrmc02-85.pdf plain text: jrmc02-85.txt item: #134 of 146 id: jrmc02-87 author: Malik Shehryar , Zuhair Ali Rizvi ,Muhammad Osama ,Muhammad Tauseef Dildar ,Muhammad Umar title: Catheter Related Infections in Medical Intensive Care Units date: 2017-06-30 words: 2847 flesch: 44 summary: In our study central venous catheters inserted only at subclavian vein or internal jugular vein were included and Pseudomonas could not be isolated which is in accordance with the study done by Merrer et al.11 Infectious risk associated with arterial catheters compared with central venous catheters. keywords: acinetobacter; care; catheter; infections; klebsiella; medical; patients; pseudomonas; study cache: jrmc02-87.pdf plain text: jrmc02-87.txt item: #135 of 146 id: jrmc02-887 author: none title: An Audit of Rigid Bronchoscopy date: 2018-06-30 words: 2778 flesch: 55 summary: Methods: In this descriptive study all patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy were included. Key Words: Rigid bronchoscopy, Foreign body nose, Seasonal variation. keywords: age; body; bronchoscopy; bronchus; children; patients; procedure; years cache: jrmc02-887.pdf plain text: jrmc02-887.txt item: #136 of 146 id: jrmc02-890 author: none title: Effect of Lower Third Molar Status on Fracture of Mandibular Angle and Condyle date: 2018-06-30 words: 3058 flesch: 61 summary: Absence of an impacted mandibular third molar increases the risk of condylar fractures while concomitantly decreasing the risk of mandibular angle fracture. 6,7Concurrently, it has been observed that the absence of an impacted M3 while decreasing the risk of mandibular angle fracture however increases the risk of mandibular condylar fracture.8 The calculation of this relative risk of mandibular condyle and angle fracture is significant because the treatment of condylar fracture is more challenging and associated with more surgical morbidity.9 The aim of this study was dual, firstly to determine whether the presence of impacted M3s affects the frequency of mandibular condylar and angle fracture and secondly to determine if this risk of fracture is also dependent on M3s position in the mandible. keywords: angle; condylar; fracture; mandibular; molars; oral; risk cache: jrmc02-890.pdf plain text: jrmc02-890.txt item: #137 of 146 id: jrmc02-892 author: none title: Comparison of Immediate Induction (Within 6 Hours) Versus Late Induction (After 24 Hours) in Terms of Mean PROM to Delivery Interval in Females Presenting with Term PROM date: 2018-06-30 words: 2331 flesch: 59 summary: Mackeen AD, Durie DE, Lin M. Foley plus oxytocin compared with oxytocin for induction after membrane rupture: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2. Naeye RL: Factors that predispose to premature rupture of the fetal membranes. keywords: group; induction; mean; membranes; prom; rupture; term cache: jrmc02-892.pdf plain text: jrmc02-892.txt item: #138 of 146 id: jrmc02-895 author: none title: Evaluation of Levonorgestrel Subdermal Implant as Long Term Reversible Contraceptive date: 2018-06-30 words: 2474 flesch: 48 summary: SUMMARY Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2018;22(2): 164-167 164 Original Article Evaluation of Levonorgestrel Subdermal Implant as Long Term Reversible Contraceptive Taqdees Iftikhar, Jehan Ara, Humaira Arshad, Nadra Sultana Department of Gynae/Obs, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad Abstract Background: To study the reasons of acceptability, efficacy,short term and long term side effects of Levonorgestrel Subdermal implant as long term reversible contraceptive. Fifteen percent of users got SDI removed by end of 12 months, mainly due to above side effects. keywords: 0(0.0; levonorgestrel; medical; method; months; sdi; study; women cache: jrmc02-895.pdf plain text: jrmc02-895.txt item: #139 of 146 id: jrmc02-93 author: Ebrahim M. A title: Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Campaign Disease Registry Results date: 2017-03-30 words: 5340 flesch: 56 summary: The prophylactic use of beta blockers is recommended for high risk patients, in view of its post-myocardial infarction protective effect on CV mortality. A higher incidence of silent myocardial infarction has been reported in T2DM patients with MAU compared to normoalbuminuria. keywords: blood; diabetes; diabetic; disease; drugs; factors; hypertension; mau; mean; microalbuminuria; patients; prevalence; risk; study; type cache: jrmc02-93.pdf plain text: jrmc02-93.txt item: #140 of 146 id: jrmc02-936 author: none title: Knowledge Among General Population of Rawalpindi, about Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) date: 2018-09-30 words: 2498 flesch: 65 summary: Ölschläger S, Gabriel M, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Meyer M. Complete sequence and phylogenetic characterisation of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus from Afghanistan. Sixty three percent had information about Congo fever. keywords: cchf; congo; crimean; fever; hemorrhagic; journal; pakistan; people cache: jrmc02-936.pdf plain text: jrmc02-936.txt item: #141 of 146 id: jrmc02-94 author: Shahida Perveen,Hina Firdous, Muhammad Ali Khalid, Naseer Ahmed, Haider Zaigham Baqai title: Relationship Between Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels and Dengue Severity date: 2017-03-30 words: 2869 flesch: 65 summary: During hospital stay, 61.3% patients had Dengue fever (DF)while 39.7% patients developed dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).LDH levels were higher in patients with DHF(mean 618.38U/L±219)as compared to the patients with dengue fever (mean 316.45U/L±104).Mann Whitney U test showed the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Keywords: Lactate dehydrogenase, Dengue fever (DF), Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) Introduction Dengue is a vector borne disease epidemic with high morbidity and mortality. keywords: dengue; dhf; disease; fever; group; journal; ldh; levels; patients; serum; study cache: jrmc02-94.pdf plain text: jrmc02-94.txt item: #142 of 146 id: jrmc02-95 author: Hina Arif ,Umbreen Ahmed ,Shahid Ahmed , Komal Nadeem title: Association of Hepcidin with Hepatitis C induced Diabetes Mellitus date: 2017-03-30 words: 2339 flesch: 40 summary: Hepcidin reduces ferroportin-1 expression and enhances its activity at reducing iron levels. SUMMARY Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2017;21(1): 13-15 13 Original Article Association of Hepcidin with Hepatitis C induced Diabetes Mellitus Hina Arif 1, Umbreen Ahmed 1, Shahid Ahmed 2, Komal Nadeem1 1.Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi;2.Department of Medicine, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Abstract Background: To compare serum hepcidin levels of patients with hepatitis C induced diabetes mellitus with healthy controls Methods: Sixty individuals were included in the study. keywords: diabetes; hepatitis; hepcidin; iron; levels; mellitus; patients; serum cache: jrmc02-95.pdf plain text: jrmc02-95.txt item: #143 of 146 id: jrmc02-96 author: Humaira Ali ,Bushra Riaz ,Aamna Khalil ,Khadija Qamar ,Fatima Shoaib title: Ameliorative Effects of Two Forms of Pomegranate on Glomerular Transvertical Diameter in Steroid- Induced Kidney Damage in Mice date: 2017-03-30 words: 2839 flesch: 44 summary: Experimental group C was also given PJ (3ml/kg body weight) by oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks and experimental group D was given PPE (200mg/kg body weight) through oral gavage tube,daily for 8 weeks. Mice in these three experimental groups were injected ND (at the dose of 1 mg/100 gm body weight), as single I/M injection in the hind limb once a week for 8 weeks.10 After preparation, PJ was stored at-20°C after diluting with distilled water to volume of 1:3 and mice in experimental group C was also given PJ (at the dose of 3ml/kg body weight) by oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks, and mice in experimental group D was given PPE (at the dose of 200mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks. keywords: diameter; effects; experimental; group; journal; mean; mice; pomegranate; renal cache: jrmc02-96.pdf plain text: jrmc02-96.txt item: #144 of 146 id: jrmc02-97 author: Arshad Rafique , Muhammad Akram , Rizwan Asad Khan, Muhammad Fakhar-ul-Zaman title: Birth Asphyxia - Clinical Experience and Immediate Outcomes date: 2017-03-30 words: 2142 flesch: 58 summary: 6 About 99% of neonatal mortality occurs in low and middle-income countries.7 In Pakistan neonatal mortality rate is 49/1000 live births accounting for 7% of the global neonatal deaths.8Its incidence in the developed countries is low(0.5-1/1000 live births) owing to better perinatal and antenatal care.9Sarnat and Sarnat staging system is a useful tool to assess the severity of hypoxia and to classify the degree of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).10Many local, regional and international studies have addressed antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum risk factors and their association with neonatal morbidity and mortality.11,12,13To decrease the grave consequences of this problem all inculcate preventive measures and advocate early interventions. Risk factor analysis in asphyxiated newborns and their outcome in relation to stage of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. keywords: association; babies; discharge; hospital; hypoxic; ischemic; outcome; study cache: jrmc02-97.pdf plain text: jrmc02-97.txt item: #145 of 146 id: jrmc02-98 author: Gulbin Shahid ,Mahmood Jamal , Yasir Bin Nisar title: Risk Factors of Subependymal Hemorrhage-Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Preterm Infants date: 2017-03-30 words: 4612 flesch: 60 summary: White matter damage and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. BilićČače I, Milardović A, BabićBožović I, Kolak M. Risk factors of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Rijeka. keywords: babies; birth; factors; hemorrhage; incidence; infants; intraventricular; ivh; journal; pediatrics; premature; preterm; risk; seh; weight cache: jrmc02-98.pdf plain text: jrmc02-98.txt item: #146 of 146 id: jrmc02-99 author: Mushtaq Ahmad Mian1, Saleem Abbasi, Fazal Amin Khan ,Muhammad Usman title: Association of Etiological and Pathological Features of Brain Abscess with Outcome date: 2017-03-30 words: 2525 flesch: 52 summary: Department of Neurosurgery , Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar; 2. Children Hospital, PIMS, Islamabad; 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Gaju Khan Medical College, Swabi Abstract Background: To study the etiological and pathological factors of brain abscess and to relate with the final outcome. Methods: In this observational study patients with brain abscess were observed in detail with the clinical profile, etiology, microbiology and their final outcome after one year. keywords: abscess; brain; death; disability; outcome; patients; study cache: jrmc02-99.pdf plain text: jrmc02-99.txt