Evaluation on Eco-Environmental Quality of Dongsheng District Evaluation on Eco-Environmental Quality of Ordos Plateau Ruiyan Wu, Ming Zhao, Ruiping Zhou Geograghic Science College, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China E-mail: 1362607775@qq.com Abstract According to “Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation” issued by State Environmental Protection Administration, on the basis of Arcgis platform, using the comprehensive evaluation index method, the paper takes Dongsheng district as a case, selected biological richness index, vegetation coverage index, land stress index, water network denseness index and pollution load index to evaluate the quality of ecological environment. The evaluation result shows that the ecological environment quality of Dongsheng district is "normal", the degree of vegetation coverage is moderate, the biological diversity is general, and it is suitable for human to live, but sometimes exist restrictive factors limit human existence. The ecological index value increased from 52.06 of 2005 to 53.11 in 2014, and land ecological environment quality of Dongsheng district has rising trend from the overall view, but the amplitude variations in the ecological environment condition has no obvious change, land ecological environment is good, the land ecosystem structure is complete, and its function is basically perfect. Keywords: eco-environmental assessments, ecological index, eco-environmental quality 1. Introduction Eco-environment is the basis of humanity survival and development is a social economic and natural ecological system which can provide people natural resources and living environment. But ecological environment are always polluted even destroyed because of development of social and economy rapid population growth. Once polluted or destroyed, it will influence even limit the development in all aspects. We are supposed to launch scientific and comprehensive evaluation on ecological environment quality, as well as understand the causes and principle of dynamic change as ecological environment construction has become tough and urgent task[1]. Eco-environment quality assessment means to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the regional ecological environment according to selected index system[2]. According to the difference of research process and the object of the evaluation of the ecological environment, the study can be divided into 2 categories: one is evaluation on the status of the ecological environment (ecological environment quality), two is to evaluate the service function of the ecological environment (the value of the ecological environment)[3]. Ecological environmental assessment is to propose strategies and measures to reduce influence or improve ecological environmental condition after analysis, prediction and assessment of the impact human economic and social construction activities may cause. It is an important basis for prevention of ecological environment problems, rational exploitation and utilization of resources, environmental protection and sustainable economic and social development planning. Therefore, to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of ecological environment has important practical significance to the protection of the ecological environment, management and regional sustainable development strategy[4]. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Vol. 7, No. 2 (July 2017) 82–87 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 82 Received 19 December 2016 Accepted 12 April 2017 Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 2. Research Area and Data Sources 2.1 Research Area Dongsheng district is located in the southwest of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Central part of the Ordos Plateau. The geographical coordinates of east longitude 109 degrees 08′04″—110°23′11″, north latitude 39°30′42″— 39°58′44″, it is also one of the city's core area with its city's largest built area, the most perfect functional facilities and the highest degree of economic activity. The study area possess 2512.3 km2, 60.12 ten thousands population. 2.2 Data Source Dongsheng District’s Statistical Bulletin of the National Economic and Social Development (2005-2014), Dongsheng statistical yearbook (2005-2014), final database of land change survey (2005-2014), some data are provided by bureau of Statistics and meteorological administration. 3. Framework of Evaluation Index System In order to carry out “Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China”, strengthen ecological environment protection, evaluate the status and trends of ecological environment, ministry of environmental protection of the people’s republic of china issued and carried “Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation” at 13 March, 2015.The Technical Criterion set annual evaluate index system, calculation method and classification standard to town, provincial and ecological environment status and dynamic trend. 3.1 Evaluation Index System of Ecological Environment Condition Ecological environment’s status evaluation is to reflect the overall state of the regional ecological environment using a composite index (ecological index). The index system includes biological richness index, vegetation coverage index, water network denseness index, land stress index, pollution load index, partial indexes are reflect biological abundance, high or low vegetation coverage, water abundance, stress intensity and pollutant loading pressure of evaluated area relatively. 3.2 Weight and Calculation Method of Evaluation Index 3.2.1 Weight and Calculation Method of Biological Richness Index bioI refers to the degree of abundance of biodiversity in the area being evaluated. (1)Weight Table 1. Weight of biological richness index Class forest land grass land water area farm land Construction land unused land weight 0.35 0.21 0.28 0.11 0.04 0.01 (2)Calculation method r ucawgfbio bio S SSSSSSA I )01.004.011.028.021.035.0( +++++ = (1) where bioA is normalization coefficients of biological richness, value is 511.2642131067. fS is forest land area, gS is grassland area, wS is water area, aS is farmland area, cS construction land area, uS unused land area, rS is whole area of evaluated region. 3.2.2 Weight and Calculation Method of Vegetation Coverage Index Vegetation coverage index uses normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of regional unit area to refer to the extent of vegetation coverage. (1)Weight Table 2. Weight of vegetation coverage index Class forest land grass land farm land Construction land unused land weight 0.38 0.34 0.19 0.07 0.02 (2)Calculation method r ucagfveg veg S SSSSSA I )02.007.019.034.038.0( ++++ = (2) Where vegA is normalization coefficient of vegetation coverage index, value is 121.165124. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Vol. 7, No. 2 (July 2017) 82–87 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 83 3.2.3 Calculation Method of Water Network Denseness Index ) resourceswater areawater lengthriver ( 3 1 r res r lak r riv wat S A S A S A I × + × + × = (3) Where rivA is normalization coefficient of river length, value is 84.3704083981; lakA is normalization coefficient of water area, value is 591.7908642005; resA is normalization coefficient of water resources quantity, value is 86.3869548281, and rS is whole area of evaluated region. 3.2.4 Weight and Calculation Method of Land Stress Index lanI means stress intensity of evaluated region, soil erosion, land desertification are involved to express land stress index. (1)Weight Table 3. Weight of land stress index Degree of erosion serious moderate Construction land slight weight 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 (2)Calculation method area)erosion slight 0.2area landn constrctio0.2 areaerosion moderate0.2areaerosion severe4.0( ×+× +×+×= r ero lan S A I (4) Where eroA is normalization coefficients of land stress index, value is 236.0435677948. 3.2.5 Weight and Calculation Method of Pollution Load Index (1)Weight Table 4. Weight of pollution load index Pollution index sulfur dioxide(SO2) COD solid waste other Weight 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 (2)Calculation method P VA S VAVA I CODCOD r YFCYFCsoso pd ×× + ××+×× = 33.04.0 22 (5) Where 2soA is normalization coefficients of SO2, dust, COD, values are 0.0648660287, 4.0904459321, 4.3937397289. 2soV is sulfur dioxide emission, YFCA is smoke (powder) dust emission, CODV is COD emission, P is regional average annual rainfall . 3.3 Evaluation on Ecological Environmental Quality Ecological index (EI) is used to describe, and its value range 0-100. 3.3.1 Weight Table 5. Weight of each index index Biological richness index Vegetation coverage index Water network denseness index Land stress index Pollution load index Weight 0.35 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.10 3.3.2 Calculation Method of Ecological Quality Index EI=0.35×Biological richness index+ 0.25×Vegetation coverage index+ 0.15×Water network denseness index + (6) 0.15× (100-Land stress index)+ 0.10×(100-Pollution load index) Table 6 shows degree of Ecological Environmental Quality, and range of Ecological index change is always divided into 4 grades, that is not sensitive, slight change, obvious change, significant change (Table 7). 4. Evaluation on Ecological Environmental Quality in Dongsheng District 4.1 Analysis on Land Use Structure Land cover information was extracted according to “code for classification of urban land use and planning standards of development land (GB50137-2011)” issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, and then class the land types. Standard specifies classification should according to the main character of land use; land classification has 3 Classification Systems, that are large class, middle class and small class, including urban and rural land classification, urban construction land classification two parts, which can be divided into 10 large categories, 44 middle categories, 59 Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Vol. 7, No. 2 (July 2017) 82–87 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 84 small categories.10 large categories contain construction land, water land, residential land, public management and public service land, land for commercial use, industrial land, warehouse land, transportation use, public facilities, green space. Land types used in this paper are grassland, forest land, farmland, water area, urban land, construction land, unused land. Then draw these objects on the basis of Arcgis platform, the results are shown in figure1, figure 2. 4.2 Evaluation on Ecological Environment On the basis of “Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation”, combine with table1-7, put the area of difference land use types into the formula, finally can get to ecological quality index during 2005-2014 (table 8). The evaluation results show that biological richness of Dongsheng at the high level in 2005, the value is 83.95; biological richness index has great changes during 2005-2014, down from 83.95 in 2005 to 74.64 in 2014, the main reason is the reduce of water wetland area, the cultivated area (Figure 2), the weight of water area reached 0.28 to the biological richness index , and most important is Dongsheng district is a water shortage region, large changes in water area influence biological richness index significantly. Dongsheng district is the economy, politics and culture center of Erdos city, the population is relatively concentrated, so ecological types like farmland, woodland and grassland possess high proportion in the total area which was 10.99%, 20.89%, and 23.05%. In addition, the reduction of unused land area is consistent with the increasing trend of the construction land area, which indicates that the economic construction intensity of Dongsheng district is larger in the past ten years, the human activities are frequent, and the ecological Table 6. Degree of Ecological index degree excellent good normal poor bad range EI≥75 55≤EI<75 35≤EI<55 20≤EI<35 EI<20 conditi on High vegetation coverage, rich biodiversity, ecosystem is stability, the most suitable degree for human life vegetation coverage and biodiversity is well, it is suitable for people to live. The vegetation coverage is moderate, the biological diversity is general, and suitable for human life, but sometimes there is some limitation for the survival of human beings. Poor vegetation cover, severe drought and little rain, fewer species, there are restricting factors The condition is poor, most of land are Gobi, desert, saline alkali land, human’s survival environment is poor Table 7. Range of Ecological index change level Not sensitive Slight change Obvious change significant change Change value |ΔEI|≤2 2<|ΔEI|≤5 5<|ΔEI|≦10 |ΔEI|>10 description There was no obvious change in ecological environment If 2<ΔEI≤5，the ecological environment is slightly going better; if -2>ΔEI≥-5, going poor. If 5<ΔEI≤10, the ecological environment is obviously going better; If -5>ΔEI≥-10, obviously going poor. If ΔEI>10, the ecological environment status is significantly better; If Δ EI<-10, then environment status is significantly going bad. Table 8. Ecological environment status and change in Dongsheng district during 2005-2014. time Biological richness index Vegetation coverage index Water network denseness index Land stress index Pollution load index EI 2005 83.95 20.40 31.39 39.80 61.59 52.06 2008 75.89 22.46 26.21 39.01 27.75 52.48 2011 75.23 22.28 27.40 39.31 55.35 49.58 2014 74.64 22.15 26.77 31.04 29.12 53.11 Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Vol. 7, No. 2 (July 2017) 82–87 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 85 environment pressure is heavy. The maximum value of vegetation coverage is the highest in 2014 with22.15.Vegetation cover index increased from 20.40 to 22.15 between 2005 and 2014, an increase of 1.75. Water density index decreased from 31.39 in 2005 to 26.77 in 2014, reduced by 4.62.This is mainly because the water area land area is consistent with the increasing trend of the construction land area, which indicates that the economic construction intensity of Dongsheng district is larger in the ten years, the human activities are frequent, and the ecological environment pressure is heavy. The maximum value of vegetation coverage is the highest in 2014 was 22.15. Vegetation cover index increased from 20.40 to 22.15 between 2005 and 2014, an increase of 1.75. Water density index decreased from 31.39 in 2005 to 26.77 in 2014, reduced by 4.62. This is mainly because the water Fig. 1. Remote sensing interpretation of land use / cover of Dongsheng district in 2014. Fig. 2. Area of various land use types Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Vol. 7, No. 2 (July 2017) 82–87 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 86 area decreased significantly from2014 to 2005, from 79.53km2 (2005) to 370.59km2 (2014).Water density index can reflect the regional ecological environment distribution and climatic characteristics, the more water density index value is large, the more suitable for human to live. When calculating land degradation index, soil erosion degree was mainly observed. The types of soil erosion were divided into mild, moderate and severe erosion. Mild soil erosion area in Dongsheng region decreased from 767.59km2 in 2005 to 585.33km2, decreased 182.26km2 and moderate erosion area were 664.02km2, 528.71km2, 456.98km2, 398.67km2, severe erosion area reduced from 342.11km2 (2005) to 313.33km2 (2014).The erosion area continued to decrease, land degradation index has an upward trend, and its value is 39.80 in 2005 decreased to 31.04 in 2014.This is mainly attributed to the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland after the second survey of land resources in 2008. The pollution load index is mainly composed of SO2, COD and rainfall to calculated, SO2 emissions in 2005, 2014 were 42765 tons, 20217 tons, and average annual rainfall was 220.3 mm, 386.9 mm, 252.3 mm, and 450.8 mm. 5. Conclusion The evaluation of land ecological environmental quality in Dongsheng district results (Table 8) shows that the ecological environment quality of Dongsheng area belongs to the "normal", the vegetation coverage is moderate, the biological diversity is general, and suitable for human life, but sometimes there is some limitation for the survival of human beings. From 2005 to 2014, Ecological index is 52.06, 52.48, 49.58, 53.11, from the overall trend, the land ecological environment quality of Dongsheng area improved year by year, the main reason is due to the increase of vegetation index and land degradation, pollution load index decreased year by year, and the average contribution rate of these indexes to Ecological index was 16.86%, 28.8%, 33.77%. According to table7, the value of Ecological index change is 0.42 during 2005-2008 with no significant changes. In 2008-2011, ΔEI is -2.9, in interval of-2>ΔEI≥-5, the ecological environment is slightly worse. During the period of 2011-2014, ΔEI is 3.53, belonging to 2<ΔEI≤5, ecological environment is slightly better. But from 2005 to 2014, ΔEI is 1.05, indicating that the quality of land ecological environment has not changed significantly, the land ecological environment is better, the structure of land ecosystem is more complete, and the land ecosystem service function is basically perfect. References [1] Song J, Wang H, Wang F. Research progress of ecological environment quality assessment and methods review. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 36: 448-453. [2] Zhou H. Study on ecological environmental quality as assessment index system of Xinjiang. China environmental science, 2000, 20(2):150-153. [3] Zheng X, Wang A. Study on the integrated assessment of regional ecological environmental quality based on RS & GIS for Shandong Province. Acta Scientiae Circu Mstantiae, 2000, 20(4): 489-493. [4] Liu H. Ecological environment evaluation research in Beijing based on RS, GIS. 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Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Vol. 7, No. 2 (July 2017) 82–87 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 87 1. Introduction 2. Research Area and Data Sources 2.1 Research Area 2.2 Data Source 3. Framework of Evaluation Index System 3.1 Evaluation Index System of Ecological Environment Condition 3.2 Weight and Calculation Method of Evaluation Index 3.2.1 Weight and Calculation Method of Biological Richness Index 3.2.2 Weight and Calculation Method of Vegetation Coverage Index 3.2.3 Calculation Method of Water Network Denseness Index 3.2.4 Weight and Calculation Method of Land Stress Index 3.3.1 Weight 3.3.2 Calculation Method of Ecological Quality Index 4. Evaluation on Ecological Environmental Quality in Dongsheng District 5. Conclusion References